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  • 1
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    Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Contributes to Hybrid Incompatibility Between Subspecies of Arabidopsis lyrata (2013)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-09
    Description: In crosses between evolutionarily diverged populations, genomic incompatibilities may result in sterile hybrids, indicating evolution of reproductive isolation. In several plant families, crosses within a population can also lead to male sterile progeny because of conflict between the maternally and biparentally inherited genomes. We examined hybrid fertility between subspecies of the perennial outcrossing self-incompatible Lyrate rockcress ( Arabidopsis lyrata ) in large reciprocal F2 progenies and three generations of backcrosses. In one of the reciprocal F2 progenies, almost one-fourth of the plants were male-sterile. Correspondingly, almost one-half of the plants in one of the four reciprocal backcross progenies expressed male sterility. In an additional four independent F2 and backcross families, three segregated male sterility. The observed asymmetrical hybrid incompatibility is attributable to male sterility factors in one cytoplasm, for which the other population lacks effective fertility restorers. Genotyping of 96 molecular markers and quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that only 60% of the plants having the male sterile cytoplasm and lacking the corresponding restorers were phenotypically male-sterile. Genotyping data showed that there is only one restorer locus, which mapped to a 600-kb interval at the top of chromosome 2 in a region containing a cluster of pentatricopeptide repeat genes. Male fertility showed no trade-off with seed production. We discuss the role of cytoplasm and genomic conflict in incipient speciation and conclude that cytoplasmic male sterility–lowering hybrid fitness is a transient effect with limited potential to form permanent reproductive barriers between diverged populations of hermaphrodite self-incompatible species.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were analyzed from 162 wolves at 27 localities worldwide and from 140 domestic dogs representing 67 breeds. Sequences from both dogs and wolves showed considerable diversity and supported the hypothesis that wolves were the ancestors of dogs. Most dog sequences belonged to a divergent monophyletic clade sharing no sequences with wolves. The sequence divergence within this clade suggested that dogs originated more than 100,000 years before the present. Associations of dog haplotypes with other wolf lineages indicated episodes of admixture between wolves and dogs. Repeated genetic exchange between dog and wolf populations may have been an important source of variation for artificial selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vila, C -- Savolainen, P -- Maldonado, J E -- Amorim, I R -- Rice, J E -- Honeycutt, R L -- Crandall, K A -- Lundeberg, J -- Wayne, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/classification/*genetics ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: The origin of the domestic dog from wolves has been established, but the number of founding events, as well as where and when these occurred, is not known. To address these questions, we examined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation among 654 domestic dogs representing all major dog populations worldwide. Although our data indicate several maternal origins from wolf, 〉95% of all sequences belonged to three phylogenetic groups universally represented at similar frequencies, suggesting a common origin from a single gene pool for all dog populations. A larger genetic variation in East Asia than in other regions and the pattern of phylogeographic variation suggest an East Asian origin for the domestic dog, approximately 15,000 years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savolainen, Peter -- Zhang, Ya-ping -- Luo, Jing -- Lundeberg, Joakim -- Leitner, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1610-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. savo@biotech.kth.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics ; Archaeology ; Asia ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Pool ; Genes ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Time ; Wolves/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and Doping of II-VI Materials for Blue/Green Lasers (1995)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 182-184 (Feb. 1995), p. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.182-184.43.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations of two-dimensional passive waveguide model for λ=980 nm Al-free ridge waveguide lasers (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2203-2205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The performance characteristics of ridge waveguide InGaAs/InGaAsP/GaAs strained quantum well lasers emitting at 980 nm are reported. Factors limiting the validity of a passive waveguide two-dimensional approximation model are investigated. In particular, is was found that a gain-guiding effect is responsible for the fundamental mode stabilization and lateral far-field broadening. Ridge waveguide laser parameters which influence the stability of lateral single mode operation are discussed. An output power of 180 mW in spatial single mode operation was attained, and it was limited by catastrophic optical damage of the mirror facet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111673
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-power edge emitting red laser diode optimisation using optical simulation (1999)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 31 (1999), S. 1009-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: all-solid-source MBE ; high-power ; red ; simulation ; transverse structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laser diode structures reported up to now in literature for the red wavelength range are still far from optimal – mostly because many of the desired characteristics are contradictory coupled. Some of the contradictory coupled laser diode characteristics are investigated and a novel transverse layer structure is proposed. Both optical simulation and a fully self-consistent model are used in a design optimization methodology and simple evaluation and optimization criteria are derived. A number of the analyzed high-power edge-emitting GazIn1−zP/(AlxGa1−x)yIn1−yP/GaAs quantum well laser structures were prepared using all-solid-source molecular beam epitaxy for layer growth and remarkable performances were obtained (continuous wave output powers of 3 W at 670 nm, 2 W at 650 nm, and 1 W at 630 nm; threshold current densities of 350–450 A/cm2 for 670 nm, 500–540 A/cm2 for 650 nm, and less than 700 A/cm2 for 630 nm). The good agreement between measurements and simulations for the prepared structures indicate that significant performance improvements – predicted by the simulations – are still possible. The presented novel structure and design optimisation procedure can also be applied to laser diode structure optimisation in other emission ranges – like, for example, in the case of 800 nm-range edge emitting AlxGa1−xAsyP1−y/GazIn1−zAswP1−w/GaAs laser diodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007076928803
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  • 7
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    Paternal and maternal DNA lineages reveal a bottleneck in the founding of the Finnish population. (1996)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA (2004)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-06
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Madagascan dog origins (2015)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Madagascar was one of the last major land masses to be inhabited by humans. It was initially colonized by Austronesian speaking Indonesians 1500–2000 years ago, but subsequent migration from Africa has resulted in approximately equal genetic contributions from Indonesia and Africa, and the material culture has mainly African influences. The dog, along with the pig and the chicken, was part of the Austronesian Neolithic culture, and was furthermore the only domestic animal to accompany humans to every continent in ancient times. To illuminate Madagascan cultural origins and track the initial worldwide dispersal of dogs, we here investigated the ancestry of Madagascan dogs. We analysed mtDNA control region sequences in dogs from Madagascar ( n =145) and compared it with that from potential ancestral populations in Island Southeast Asia ( n =219) and sub-Saharan Africa ( n =493). We found that 90% of the Madagascan dogs carried a haplotype that was also present in sub-Saharan Africa and that the remaining lineages could all be attributed to a likely origin in Africa. By contrast, only 26% of Madagascan dogs shared haplotypes with Indonesian dogs, and one haplotype typical for Austronesian dogs, carried by more than 40% of Indonesian and Polynesian dogs, was absent among the Madagascan dogs. Thus, in contrast to the human population, Madagascan dogs seem to trace their origin entirely from Africa. These results suggest that dogs were not brought to Madagascar by the initial Austronesian speaking colonizers on their transoceanic voyage, but were introduced at a later stage, together with human migration and cultural influence from Africa.
    Keywords: ecology, computational biology, genomics
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 10
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    Questioning a Central Asian origin of dogs [Biological Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: A recent study by Shannon et al. (1) proposes a Central Asian domestication origin of dogs, based upon the finding that Central Asia had the lowest short-range linkage disequilibrium (LD) among village dogs across the globe. A reanalysis of their data, however, suggests that these conclusions may require revision. First,...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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