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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-02
    Beschreibung: Human memory is strikingly susceptible to social influences, yet we know little about the underlying mechanisms. We examined how socially induced memory errors are generated in the brain by studying the memory of individuals exposed to recollections of others. Participants exhibited a strong tendency to conform to erroneous recollections of the group, producing both long-lasting and temporary errors, even when their initial memory was strong and accurate. Functional brain imaging revealed that social influence modified the neuronal representation of memory. Specifically, a particular brain signature of enhanced amygdala activity and enhanced amygdala-hippocampus connectivity predicted long-lasting but not temporary memory alterations. Our findings reveal how social manipulation can alter memory and extend the known functions of the amygdala to encompass socially mediated memory distortions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284232/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284232/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edelson, Micah -- Sharot, Tali -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Dudai, Yadin -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):108-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1203557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. micah.edelson@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Recall ; Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-12
    Beschreibung: The growth factor progranulin (PGRN) has been implicated in embryonic development, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, and inflammation, but its receptors remain unidentified. We report that PGRN bound directly to tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and disturbed the TNFalpha-TNFR interaction. PGRN-deficient mice were susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis, and administration of PGRN reversed inflammatory arthritis. Atsttrin, an engineered protein composed of three PGRN fragments, exhibited selective TNFR binding. PGRN and Atsttrin prevented inflammation in multiple arthritis mouse models and inhibited TNFalpha-activated intracellular signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PGRN is a ligand of TNFR, an antagonist of TNFalpha signaling, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis in mice. They also suggest new potential therapeutic interventions for various TNFalpha-mediated pathologies and conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104397/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104397/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Wei -- Lu, Yi -- Tian, Qing-Yun -- Zhang, Yan -- Guo, Feng-Jin -- Liu, Guang-Yi -- Syed, Nabeel Muzaffar -- Lai, Yongjie -- Lin, Edward Alan -- Kong, Li -- Su, Jeffrey -- Yin, Fangfang -- Ding, Ai-Hao -- Zanin-Zhorov, Alexandra -- Dustin, Michael L -- Tao, Jian -- Craft, Joseph -- Yin, Zhinan -- Feng, Jian Q -- Abramson, Steven B -- Yu, Xiu-Ping -- Liu, Chuan-ju -- AI43542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR040072/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR050620/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR053210/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM061710/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030165/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030165-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061710/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061710-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):478-84. doi: 10.1126/science.1199214. Epub 2011 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy/*immunology/pathology/physiopathology ; Cartilage, Articular/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-21
    Beschreibung: The transmission of information from DNA to RNA is a critical process. We compared RNA sequences from human B cells of 27 individuals to the corresponding DNA sequences from the same individuals and uncovered more than 10,000 exonic sites where the RNA sequences do not match that of the DNA. All 12 possible categories of discordances were observed. These differences were nonrandom as many sites were found in multiple individuals and in different cell types, including primary skin cells and brain tissues. Using mass spectrometry, we detected peptides that are translated from the discordant RNA sequences and thus do not correspond exactly to the DNA sequences. These widespread RNA-DNA differences in the human transcriptome provide a yet unexplored aspect of genome variation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204392/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204392/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Mingyao -- Wang, Isabel X -- Li, Yun -- Bruzel, Alan -- Richards, Allison L -- Toung, Jonathan M -- Cheung, Vivian G -- R01 HG005854/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005854-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):53-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1207018. Epub 2011 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; B-Lymphocytes ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; DNA/chemistry/*genetics ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/chemistry ; Proteome/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Skin/cytology ; Untranslated Regions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-28
    Beschreibung: With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelfand, Michele J -- Raver, Jana L -- Nishii, Lisa -- Leslie, Lisa M -- Lun, Janetta -- Lim, Beng Chong -- Duan, Lili -- Almaliach, Assaf -- Ang, Soon -- Arnadottir, Jakobina -- Aycan, Zeynep -- Boehnke, Klaus -- Boski, Pawel -- Cabecinhas, Rosa -- Chan, Darius -- Chhokar, Jagdeep -- D'Amato, Alessia -- Ferrer, Montse -- Fischlmayr, Iris C -- Fischer, Ronald -- Fulop, Marta -- Georgas, James -- Kashima, Emiko S -- Kashima, Yoshishima -- Kim, Kibum -- Lempereur, Alain -- Marquez, Patricia -- Othman, Rozhan -- Overlaet, Bert -- Panagiotopoulou, Penny -- Peltzer, Karl -- Perez-Florizno, Lorena R -- Ponomarenko, Larisa -- Realo, Anu -- Schei, Vidar -- Schmitt, Manfred -- Smith, Peter B -- Soomro, Nazar -- Szabo, Erna -- Taveesin, Nalinee -- Toyama, Midori -- Van de Vliert, Evert -- Vohra, Naharika -- Ward, Colleen -- Yamaguchi, Susumu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1100-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1197754.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. mgelfand@psyc.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Behavior ; *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Cultural Characteristics ; Female ; Government ; Humans ; Male ; Permissiveness ; Political Systems ; Population Density ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity ; Social Control, Formal ; *Social Values ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-08
    Beschreibung: Emotional tearing is a poorly understood behavior that is considered uniquely human. In mice, tears serve as a chemosignal. We therefore hypothesized that human tears may similarly serve a chemosignaling function. We found that merely sniffing negative-emotion-related odorless tears obtained from women donors induced reductions in sexual appeal attributed by men to pictures of women's faces. Moreover, after sniffing such tears, men experienced reduced self-rated sexual arousal, reduced physiological measures of arousal, and reduced levels of testosterone. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that sniffing women's tears selectively reduced activity in brain substrates of sexual arousal in men.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelstein, Shani -- Yeshurun, Yaara -- Rozenkrantz, Liron -- Shushan, Sagit -- Frumin, Idan -- Roth, Yehudah -- Sobel, Noam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):226-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1198331. Epub 2011 Jan 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Affect ; *Arousal ; Brain/*physiology ; Double-Blind Method ; *Emotions ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Odors ; Pheromones, Human/*analysis ; Saliva/chemistry ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior ; Smell ; Tears/*chemistry ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Testosterone/*analysis ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schenkman, Lauren -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1002-4. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6020.1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology/*etiology/mortality ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; *Radiation Dosage ; Risk Factors ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed/*standards ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*adverse effects/standards ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-06
    Beschreibung: Updating of working memory has been associated with striato-frontal brain regions and phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission. We assessed raclopride binding to striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptors during a letter-updating task and a control condition before and after 5 weeks of updating training. Results showed that updating affected DA activity before training and that training further increased striatal DA release during updating. These findings highlight the pivotal role of transient neural processes associated with D2 receptor activity in working memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Backman, Lars -- Nyberg, Lars -- Soveri, Anna -- Johansson, Jarkko -- Andersson, Micael -- Dahlin, Erika -- Neely, Anna S -- Virta, Jere -- Laine, Matti -- Rinne, Juha O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):718. doi: 10.1126/science.1204978.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. lars.backman.1@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Raclopride/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osotimehin, Babatunde -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):499. doi: 10.1126/science.1210732.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Contraception ; *Developing Countries ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Population Control ; *Population Growth ; Reproductive Medicine ; *Women's Health ; *Women's Rights
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-15
    Beschreibung: Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (V1). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watanabe, Masataka -- Cheng, Kang -- Murayama, Yusuke -- Ueno, Kenichi -- Asamizuya, Takeshi -- Tanaka, Keiji -- Logothetis, Nikos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):829-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1203161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. watanabe@tuebingen.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Attention ; *Awareness ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; Photic Stimulation ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 25;331(6024):1513. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6024.1513.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Bacteriophages/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Fever/virology ; Humans ; *Metagenome ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; *Viruses/classification/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-14
    Beschreibung: It is controversial whether the adult primate early visual cortex is sufficiently plastic to cause visual perceptual learning (VPL). The controversy occurs partially because most VPL studies have examined correlations between behavioral and neural activity changes rather than cause-and-effect relationships. With an online-feedback method that uses decoded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, we induced activity patterns only in early visual cortex corresponding to an orientation without stimulus presentation or participants' awareness of what was to be learned. The induced activation caused VPL specific to the orientation. These results suggest that early visual areas are so plastic that mere inductions of activity patterns are sufficient to cause VPL. This technique can induce plasticity in a highly selective manner, potentially leading to powerful training and rehabilitative protocols.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3297423/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3297423/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, Kazuhisa -- Watanabe, Takeo -- Sasaki, Yuka -- Kawato, Mitsuo -- R01 AG031941/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031941-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980-04A2/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980-06/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980-07/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980-08/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091801/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1413-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1212003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurofeedback ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Size Perception ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-30
    Beschreibung: The ability to recognize people by their voice is an important social behavior. Individuals differ in how they pronounce words, and listeners may take advantage of language-specific knowledge of speech phonology to facilitate recognizing voices. Impaired phonological processing is characteristic of dyslexia and thought to be a basis for difficulty in learning to read. We tested voice-recognition abilities of dyslexic and control listeners for voices speaking listeners' native language or an unfamiliar language. Individuals with dyslexia exhibited impaired voice-recognition abilities compared with controls only for voices speaking their native language. These results demonstrate the importance of linguistic representations for voice recognition. Humans appear to identify voices by making comparisons between talkers' pronunciations of words and listeners' stored abstract representations of the sounds in those words.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242590/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242590/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perrachione, Tyler K -- Del Tufo, Stephanie N -- Gabrieli, John D E -- UL1 RR025758/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR025758/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):595. doi: 10.1126/science.1207327.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. tkp@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Dyslexia/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; *Language ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Physiological ; *Phonetics ; Speech Perception ; *Voice ; Young Adult
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 16;334(6062):1488-90. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6062.1488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; BCG Vaccine ; Child ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Humans ; *Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage/economics ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/economics/*prevention & control
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-09
    Beschreibung: Being the victim of discrimination can have serious negative health- and quality-of-life-related consequences. Yet, could being discriminated against depend on such seemingly trivial matters as garbage on the streets? In this study, we show, in two field experiments, that disordered contexts (such as litter or a broken-up sidewalk and an abandoned bicycle) indeed promote stereotyping and discrimination in real-world situations and, in three lab experiments, that it is a heightened need for structure that mediates these effects (number of subjects: between 40 and 70 per experiment). These findings considerably advance our knowledge of the impact of the physical environment on stereotyping and discrimination and have clear policy implications: Diagnose environmental disorder early and intervene immediately.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stapel, Diederik A -- Lindenberg, Siegwart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):251-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1201068.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tilburg Institute for Behavioral Economics Research, Tilburg University, Post Office Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. d.a.stapel@uvt.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *Stereotyping ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 10;332(6035):1249-50. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6035.1249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; DNA, Bacterial ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/microbiology ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Germany/epidemiology ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Shiga Toxins/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-02
    Beschreibung: Members of the gammaretroviruses--such as murine leukemia viruses (MLVs), most notably XMRV [xenotropic murine leukemia virus (X-MLV)-related virus--have been reported to be present in the blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We evaluated blood samples from 61 patients with CFS from a single clinical practice, 43 of whom had previously been identified as XMRV-positive. Our analysis included polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction procedures for detection of viral nucleic acids and assays for detection of infectious virus and virus-specific antibodies. We found no evidence of XMRV or other MLVs in these blood samples. In addition, we found that these gammaretroviruses were strongly (X-MLV) or partially (XMRV) susceptible to inactivation by sera from CFS patients and healthy controls, which suggested that establishment of a successful MLV infection in humans would be unlikely. Consistent with previous reports, we detected MLV sequences in commercial laboratory reagents. Our results indicate that previous evidence linking XMRV and MLVs to CFS is likely attributable to laboratory contamination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knox, Konstance -- Carrigan, Donald -- Simmons, Graham -- Teque, Fernando -- Zhou, Yanchen -- Hackett, John Jr -- Qiu, Xiaoxing -- Luk, Ka-Cheung -- Schochetman, Gerald -- Knox, Allyn -- Kogelnik, Andreas M -- Levy, Jay A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):94-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1204963. Epub 2011 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wisconsin Viral Research Group, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Base Sequence ; Blood/*virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement System Proteins/immunology ; DNA Contamination ; DNA, Viral/blood ; Drug Contamination ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/blood/immunology/*virology ; Female ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics/isolation & purification ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retroviridae Infections/diagnosis/*virology ; Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/genetics/immunology/*isolation & ; purification ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodereau, Pilar Nores -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):157. doi: 10.1126/science.1212526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Air Pollution, Indoor/*prevention & control ; Child, Preschool ; Cooking/*instrumentation ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Malnutrition/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Organizations ; Peru ; Poverty ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control ; Smoke/*adverse effects ; United Nations
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):793-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.793.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; *Bioethical Issues ; Conflict of Interest/*economics ; Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use ; Drug Industry/economics/ethics ; Ethicists/*psychology ; *Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Male ; Minnesota ; Quetiapine Fumarate ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Suicide/*ethics ; Truth Disclosure/*ethics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-06
    Beschreibung: In 11 studies, we found that participants typically did not enjoy spending 6 to 15 minutes in a room by themselves with nothing to do but think, that they enjoyed doing mundane external activities much more, and that many preferred to administer electric shocks to themselves instead of being left alone with their thoughts. Most people seem to prefer to be doing something rather than nothing, even if that something is negative.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330241/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330241/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Timothy D -- Reinhard, David A -- Westgate, Erin C -- Gilbert, Daniel T -- Ellerbeck, Nicole -- Hahn, Cheryl -- Brown, Casey L -- Shaked, Adi -- T32 MH020006/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):75-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250830.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. tdw@virginia.edu. ; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Attention ; Electroshock/psychology ; Humans ; Loneliness/*psychology ; Middle Aged ; *Pleasure ; *Thinking ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-02
    Beschreibung: Cognitive neuroscience has revealed aging of the human brain to be rich in reorganization and change. Neuroimaging results have recast our framework around cognitive aging from one of decline to one emphasizing plasticity. Current methods use neurostimulation approaches to manipulate brain function, providing a direct test of the ways that the brain differently contributes to task performance for younger and older adults. Emerging research into emotional, social, and motivational domains provides some evidence for preservation with age, suggesting potential avenues of plasticity, alongside additional evidence for reorganization. Thus, we begin to see that aging of the brain, amidst interrelated behavioral and biological changes, is as complex and idiosyncratic as the brain itself, qualitatively changing over the life span.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gutchess, Angela -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):579-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1254604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA. Massachussetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA. gutchess@brandeis.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Aging ; Brain/*growth & development/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Cognition ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurosciences/trends ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-04-26
    Beschreibung: How we attend to objects and their features that cannot be separated by location is not understood. We presented two temporally and spatially overlapping streams of objects, faces versus houses, and used magnetoencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging to separate neuronal responses to attended and unattended objects. Attention to faces versus houses enhanced the sensory responses in the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA), respectively. The increases in sensory responses were accompanied by induced gamma synchrony between the inferior frontal junction, IFJ, and either FFA or PPA, depending on which object was attended. The IFJ appeared to be the driver of the synchrony, as gamma phases were advanced by 20 ms in IFJ compared to FFA or PPA. Thus, the IFJ may direct the flow of visual processing during object-based attention, at least in part through coupled oscillations with specialized areas such as FFA and PPA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldauf, Daniel -- Desimone, Robert -- P30EY2621/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):424-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1247003. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Perception ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-24
    Beschreibung: Novel vaccines are urgently needed to reduce the burden of severe malaria. Using a differential whole-proteome screening method, we identified Plasmodium falciparum schizont egress antigen-1 (PfSEA-1), a 244-kilodalton parasite antigen expressed in schizont-infected red blood cells (RBCs). Antibodies to PfSEA-1 decreased parasite replication by arresting schizont rupture, and conditional disruption of PfSEA-1 resulted in a profound parasite replication defect. Vaccination of mice with recombinant Plasmodium berghei PbSEA-1 significantly reduced parasitemia and delayed mortality after lethal challenge with the Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA. Tanzanian children with antibodies to recombinant PfSEA-1A (rPfSEA-1A) did not experience severe malaria, and Kenyan adolescents and adults with antibodies to rPfSEA-1A had significantly lower parasite densities than individuals without these antibodies. By blocking schizont egress, PfSEA-1 may synergize with other vaccines targeting hepatocyte and RBC invasion.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184151/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184151/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raj, Dipak K -- Nixon, Christian P -- Nixon, Christina E -- Dvorin, Jeffrey D -- DiPetrillo, Christen G -- Pond-Tor, Sunthorn -- Wu, Hai-Wei -- Jolly, Grant -- Pischel, Lauren -- Lu, Ailin -- Michelow, Ian C -- Cheng, Ling -- Conteh, Solomon -- McDonald, Emily A -- Absalon, Sabrina -- Holte, Sarah E -- Friedman, Jennifer F -- Fried, Michal -- Duffy, Patrick E -- Kurtis, Jonathan D -- 1K08AI100997-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP2 AI112219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP2-AI112219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI100997/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P20GM103421/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI042853/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30AI042853/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI102907/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI076353/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI102907/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI52059/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-DA013911/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):871-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1254417.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA. ; Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. ; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Department of Biostatistics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA. jonathan_kurtis@brown.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood/*immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology ; Child ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology ; Hepatocytes/immunology/parasitology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology ; Kenya ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Malaria Vaccines/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Plasmodium berghei/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*growth & development/immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Schizonts/*growth & development ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-02
    Beschreibung: Human cognitive aging differs between and is malleable within individuals. In the absence of a strong genetic program, it is open to a host of hazards, such as vascular conditions, metabolic syndrome, and chronic stress, but also open to protective and enhancing factors, such as experience-dependent cognitive plasticity. Longitudinal studies suggest that leading an intellectually challenging, physically active, and socially engaged life may mitigate losses and consolidate gains. Interventions help to identify contexts and mechanisms of successful cognitive aging and give science and society a hint about what would be possible if conditions were different.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindenberger, Ulman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):572-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1254403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age Factors ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Behavior ; Brain/*growth & development/ultrastructure ; Cognition/*physiology ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-19
    Beschreibung: The disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene is a candidate susceptibility factor for schizophrenia, but its mechanistic role in the disorder is unknown. Here we report that the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is disrupted by a balanced translocation in a subject diagnosed with schizophrenia and a relative with chronic psychiatric illness. The PDEs inactivate adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger implicated in learning, memory, and mood. We show that DISC1 interacts with the UCR2 domain of PDE4B and that elevation of cellular cAMP leads to dissociation of PDE4B from DISC1 and an increase in PDE4B activity. We propose a mechanistic model whereby DISC1 sequesters PDE4B in resting cells and releases it in an activated state in response to elevated cAMP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, J Kirsty -- Pickard, Benjamin S -- Mackie, Shaun -- James, Rachel -- Christie, Sheila -- Buchanan, Sebastienne R -- Malloy, M Pat -- Chubb, Jennifer E -- Huston, Elaine -- Baillie, George S -- Thomson, Pippa A -- Hill, Elaine V -- Brandon, Nicholas J -- Rain, Jean-Christophe -- Camargo, L Miguel -- Whiting, Paul J -- Houslay, Miles D -- Blackwood, Douglas H R -- Muir, Walter J -- Porteous, David J -- G8604010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Kirsty.Millar@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Affective Disorders, Psychotic/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Cadherins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 ; Enzyme Activation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-09-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guzman, Maria G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for Viral Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kouri" Autopista Novia del Mediodia, Km 1/2, Post Office Box Mariano 13, Habana, Cuba. lupe@ipk.sld.cu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Cuba/epidemiology ; Dengue/epidemiology/prevention & control/virology ; Dengue Virus/chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Severe Dengue/*epidemiology ; Viral Vaccines
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-02-01
    Beschreibung: Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Humans expend energy through purposeful exercise and through changes in posture and movement that are associated with the routines of daily life [called nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)]. To examine NEAT's role in obesity, we recruited 10 lean and 10 mildly obese sedentary volunteers and measured their body postures and movements every half-second for 10 days. Obese individuals were seated, on average, 2 hours longer per day than lean individuals. Posture allocation did not change when the obese individuals lost weight or when lean individuals gained weight, suggesting that it is biologically determined. If obese individuals adopted the NEAT-enhanced behaviors of their lean counterparts, they might expend an additional 350 calories (kcal) per day.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, James A -- Lanningham-Foster, Lorraine M -- McCrady, Shelly K -- Krizan, Alisa C -- Olson, Leslie R -- Kane, Paul H -- Jensen, Michael D -- Clark, Matthew M -- DK56650/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK63226/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK66270/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR00585/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):584-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Jim@Mayo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; *Body Weight ; Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; *Movement ; Obesity/*physiopathology ; Overnutrition ; Pilot Projects ; *Posture ; *Thermogenesis ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-04-02
    Beschreibung: We analyzed the mortality impacts and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by household energy use in Africa. Under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, household indoor air pollution will cause an estimated 9.8 million premature deaths by the year 2030. Gradual and rapid transitions to charcoal would delay 1.0 million and 2.8 million deaths, respectively; similar transitions to petroleum fuels would delay 1.3 million and 3.7 million deaths. Cumulative BAU GHG emissions will be 6.7 billion tons of carbon by 2050, which is 5.6% of Africa's total emissions. Large shifts to the use of fossil fuels would reduce GHG emissions by 1 to 10%. Charcoal-intensive future scenarios using current practices increase emissions by 140 to 190%; the increase can be reduced to 5 to 36% using currently available technologies for sustainable production or potentially reduced even more with investment in technological innovation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailis, Robert -- Ezzati, Majid -- Kammen, Daniel M -- P01-AG17625/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):98-103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara ; *Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/prevention & control ; *Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide ; Charcoal ; Child ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Factual ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics ; Female ; Forecasting ; Fossil Fuels ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Mortality/trends ; *Petroleum ; Public Health/trends ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*mortality ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*mortality ; Rural Population ; Urban Population ; Wood
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  • 28
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-02-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Female ; Humans ; *Influenza A virus ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Male ; *Population Surveillance ; Poultry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 29
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-03-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Charles C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1716-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy/*trends ; Male ; Mortality ; Obesity/complications/*epidemiology ; Public Health ; United States/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-12-13
    Beschreibung: Much is known about how people make decisions under varying levels of probability (risk). Less is known about the neural basis of decision-making when probabilities are uncertain because of missing information (ambiguity). In decision theory, ambiguity about probabilities should not affect choices. Using functional brain imaging, we show that the level of ambiguity in choices correlates positively with activation in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and negatively with a striatal system. Moreover, striatal activity correlates positively with expected reward. Neurological subjects with orbitofrontal lesions were insensitive to the level of ambiguity and risk in behavioral choices. These data suggest a general neural circuit responding to degrees of uncertainty, contrary to decision theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Ming -- Bhatt, Meghana -- Adolphs, Ralph -- Tranel, Daniel -- Camerer, Colin F -- P01 NS19632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067681/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1680-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, 228-77, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Diseases/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; Confidence Intervals ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; *Decision Making ; Decision Theory ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Probability ; Reward ; Risk ; *Uncertainty
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-07-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russo, Tommaso -- Volterra, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):56; author reply 56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Philosophy, University of Calabria, Via Piero Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy. t.russo@mclink.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; Communication ; Deafness ; Gestures ; Humans ; Language ; *Learning ; Linguistics ; Nicaragua ; *Sign Language ; Speech
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-01
    Beschreibung: Intraoperative electrical stimulation, which temporarily inactivates restricted regions during brain surgery, can map cognitive functions in humans with spatiotemporal resolution unmatched by other methods. Using this technique, we found that stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobule or the caudal superior temporal gyrus, but not of its rostral portion, determined rightward deviations on line bisection. However, the strongest shifts occurred with subcortical stimulation. Fiber tracking identified the stimulated site as a section of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus, a poorly known parietal-frontal pathway. These findings suggest that parietal-frontal communication is necessary for the symmetrical processing of the visual scene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel -- Urbanski, Marika -- Duffau, Hugues -- Volle, Emmanuelle -- Levy, Richard -- Dubois, Bruno -- Bartolomeo, Paolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM Unit 610, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital de la Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Awareness/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Glioma/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Adult ; Biomedical Research/ethics ; *Circumcision, Male ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Publishing/standards ; South Africa
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-03-19
    Beschreibung: Type VII collagen defects cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering skin disorder often accompanied by epidermal cancers. To study the role of collagen VII in these cancers, we examined Ras-driven tumorigenesis in RDEB keratinocytes. Cells devoid of collagen VII did not form tumors in mice, whereas those retaining a specific collagen VII fragment (the amino-terminal noncollagenous domain NC1) were tumorigenic. Forced NC1 expression restored tumorigenicity to collagen VII-null epidermis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Fibronectin-like sequences within NC1 (FNC1) promoted tumor cell invasion in a laminin 5-dependent manner and were required for tumorigenesis. Tumor-stroma interactions mediated by collagen VII thus promote neoplasia, and retention of NC1 sequences in a subset of RDEB patients may contribute to their increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ortiz-Urda, Susana -- Garcia, John -- Green, Cheryl L -- Chen, Lei -- Lin, Qun -- Veitch, Dallas P -- Sakai, Lynn Y -- Lee, Hyangkyu -- Marinkovich, M Peter -- Khavari, Paul A -- AR43799/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR44012/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/*physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Child ; Collagen Type VII/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/complications/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-04-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freyd, Jennifer J -- Putnam, Frank W -- Lyon, Thomas D -- Becker-Blease, Kathryn A -- Cheit, Ross E -- Siegel, Nancy B -- Pezdek, Kathy -- R01 HD047290/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1227, USA. jjf@dynamic. uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; *Child Abuse, Sexual/economics/prevention & control/psychology/statistics & ; numerical data ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Education, Professional ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Memory ; Mental Health Services ; Public Policy ; *Research ; United States
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):38-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Advisory Committees ; *Contraceptives, Postcoital/adverse effects ; *Drug Approval ; Female ; Humans ; *Levonorgestrel/adverse effects ; *Nonprescription Drugs/adverse effects ; Politics ; Sexual Behavior ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-04-02
    Beschreibung: Neuronal groups can interact with each other even if they are widely separated. One group might modulate its firing rate or its internal oscillatory synchronization to influence another group. We propose that coherence between two neuronal groups is a mechanism of efficient interaction, because it renders mutual input optimally timed and thereby maximally effective. Modulations of subjects' readiness to respond in a simple reaction-time task were closely correlated with the strength of gamma-band (40 to 70 hertz) coherence between motor cortex and spinal cord neurons. This coherence may contribute to an effective corticospinal interaction and shortened reaction times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs -- Oostenveld, Robert -- Fries, Pascal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):111-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EK Nijmegen, Netherlands. jan.schoffelen@fcdonders.ru.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Reaction Time ; Spinal Cord/*physiology
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-27
    Beschreibung: We have explored the use of embryonic stem cells as an alternative to oocytes for reprogramming human somatic nuclei. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells were fused with human fibroblasts, resulting in hybrid cells that maintain a stable tetraploid DNA content and have morphology, growth rate, and antigen expression patterns characteristic of hES cells. Differentiation of hybrid cells in vitro and in vivo yielded cell types from each embryonic germ layer. Analysis of genome-wide transcriptional activity, reporter gene activation, allele-specific gene expression, and DNA methylation showed that the somatic genome was reprogrammed to an embryonic state. These results establish that hES cells can reprogram the transcriptional state of somatic nuclei and provide a system for investigating the underlying mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowan, Chad A -- Atienza, Jocelyn -- Melton, Douglas A -- Eggan, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; Cell Shape ; Cell Transplantation ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Polyploidy ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-12-24
    Beschreibung: Here we describe a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of humans engaged in memory search during a free recall task. Patterns of cortical activity associated with the study of three categories of pictures (faces, locations, and objects) were identified by a pattern-classification algorithm. The algorithm was used to track the reappearance of these activity patterns during the recall period. The reappearance of a given category's activity pattern correlates with verbal recalls made from that category and precedes the recall event by several seconds. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that category-specific activity is cueing the memory system to retrieve studied items.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polyn, Sean M -- Natu, Vaidehi S -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- Norman, Kenneth A -- MH070177-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH052864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH069456/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1963-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. polyn@psych.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Algorithms ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Space Perception/physiology
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-06
    Beschreibung: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important tool for investigating human brain function, but the relationship between the hemodynamically based fMRI signals in the human brain and the underlying neuronal activity is unclear. We recorded single unit activity and local field potentials in auditory cortex of two neurosurgical patients and compared them with the fMRI signals of 11 healthy subjects during presentation of an identical movie segment. The predicted fMRI signals derived from single units and the measured fMRI signals from auditory cortex showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.75, P 〈 10(-47)). Thus, fMRI signals can provide a reliable measure of the firing rate of human cortical neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukamel, Roy -- Gelbard, Hagar -- Arieli, Amos -- Hasson, Uri -- Fried, Itzhak -- Malach, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):951-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-05
    Beschreibung: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (subtype H5N1) is threatening to cause a human pandemic of potentially devastating proportions. We used a stochastic influenza simulation model for rural Southeast Asia to investigate the effectiveness of targeted antiviral prophylaxis, quarantine, and pre-vaccination in containing an emerging influenza strain at the source. If the basic reproductive number (R0) was below 1.60, our simulations showed that a prepared response with targeted antivirals would have a high probability of containing the disease. In that case, an antiviral agent stockpile on the order of 100,000 to 1 million courses for treatment and prophylaxis would be sufficient. If pre-vaccination occurred, then targeted antiviral prophylaxis could be effective for containing strains with an R0 as high as 2.1. Combinations of targeted antiviral prophylaxis, pre-vaccination, and quarantine could contain strains with an R(0) as high as 2.4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Longini, Ira M Jr -- Nizam, Azhar -- Xu, Shufu -- Ungchusak, Kumnuan -- Hanshaoworakul, Wanna -- Cummings, Derek A T -- Halloran, M Elizabeth -- R01-AI32042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-GM070749/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1083-7. Epub 2005 Aug 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostatistics, The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. longini@sph.emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16079251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Infant ; *Influenza A virus/immunology ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Models, Statistical ; *Quarantine ; Stochastic Processes ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-09-06
    Beschreibung: The determination of the chimpanzee genome sequence provides a means to study both structural and functional aspects of the evolution of the human genome. Here we compare humans and chimpanzees with respect to differences in expression levels and protein-coding sequences for genes active in brain, heart, liver, kidney, and testis. We find that the patterns of differences in gene expression and gene sequences are markedly similar. In particular, there is a gradation of selective constraints among the tissues so that the brain shows the least differences between the species whereas liver shows the most. Furthermore, expression levels as well as amino acid sequences of genes active in more tissues have diverged less between the species than have genes active in fewer tissues. In general, these patterns are consistent with a model of neutral evolution with negative selection. However, for X-chromosomal genes expressed in testis, patterns suggestive of positive selection on sequence changes as well as expression changes are seen. Furthermore, although genes expressed in the brain have changed less than have genes expressed in other tissues, in agreement with previous work we find that genes active in brain have accumulated more changes on the human than on the chimpanzee lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khaitovich, Philipp -- Hellmann, Ines -- Enard, Wolfgang -- Nowick, Katja -- Leinweber, Marcus -- Franz, Henriette -- Weiss, Gunter -- Lachmann, Michael -- Paabo, Svante -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1850-4. Epub 2005 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Heart/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/physiology ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Testis/physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-08
    Beschreibung: Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775052/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775052/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terracciano, A -- Abdel-Khalek, A M -- Adam, N -- Adamovova, L -- Ahn, C-k -- Ahn, H-n -- Alansari, B M -- Alcalay, L -- Allik, J -- Angleitner, A -- Avia, M D -- Ayearst, L E -- Barbaranelli, C -- Beer, A -- Borg-Cunen, M A -- Bratko, D -- Brunner-Sciarra, M -- Budzinski, L -- Camart, N -- Dahourou, D -- De Fruyt, F -- de Lima, M P -- del Pilar, G E H -- Diener, E -- Falzon, R -- Fernando, K -- Fickova, E -- Fischer, R -- Flores-Mendoza, C -- Ghayur, M A -- Gulgoz, S -- Hagberg, B -- Halberstadt, J -- Halim, M S -- Hrebickova, M -- Humrichouse, J -- Jensen, H H -- Jocic, D D -- Jonsson, F H -- Khoury, B -- Klinkosz, W -- Knezevic, G -- Lauri, M A -- Leibovich, N -- Martin, T A -- Marusic, I -- Mastor, K A -- Matsumoto, D -- McRorie, M -- Meshcheriakov, B -- Mortensen, E L -- Munyae, M -- Nagy, J -- Nakazato, K -- Nansubuga, F -- Oishi, S -- Ojedokun, A O -- Ostendorf, F -- Paulhus, D L -- Pelevin, S -- Petot, J-M -- Podobnik, N -- Porrata, J L -- Pramila, V S -- Prentice, G -- Realo, A -- Reategui, N -- Rolland, J-P -- Rossier, J -- Ruch, W -- Rus, V S -- Sanchez-Bernardos, M L -- Schmidt, V -- Sciculna-Calleja, S -- Sekowski, A -- Shakespeare-Finch, J -- Shimonaka, Y -- Simonetti, F -- Sineshaw, T -- Siuta, J -- Smith, P B -- Trapnell, P D -- Trobst, K K -- Wang, L -- Yik, M -- Zupancic, A -- McCrae, R R -- Z99 AG999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AG000180-25/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AG000180-26/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):96-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. terraccianoa@grc.nia.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; *Character ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Culture ; *Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Personality ; Personality Assessment ; Reproducibility of Results ; Social Perception ; Stereotyping ; Surveys and Questionnaires
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-07-16
    Beschreibung: In everyday life, the successful monitoring of behavior requires continuous updating of the effectiveness of motor acts; one crucial step is becoming aware of the movements one is performing. We studied the anatomical distribution of lesions in right-brain-damaged hemiplegic patients, who obstinately denied their motor impairment, claiming that they could move their paralyzed limbs. Denial was associated with lesions in areas related to the programming of motor acts, particularly Brodmann's premotor areas 6 and 44, motor area 4, and the somatosensory cortex. This association suggests that monitoring systems may be implemented within the same cortical network that is responsible for the primary function that has to be monitored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berti, A -- Bottini, G -- Gandola, M -- Pia, L -- Smania, N -- Stracciari, A -- Castiglioni, I -- Vallar, G -- Paulesu, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):488-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Psychology Department and Center for Cognitive Science, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy. berti@psych.unito.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Awareness ; Brain Damage, Chronic/pathology/*physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Frontal Lobe/pathology/physiopathology ; Hemiplegia/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Motor Cortex/pathology/*physiopathology ; Movement ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/pathology/*physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex/pathology/physiopathology ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiopathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-04-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):618-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/prevention & control ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Condylomata Acuminata/prevention & control ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Drug Approval ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Male ; Papillomaviridae/*immunology ; Papillomavirus Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control/*virology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; *Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-01-08
    Beschreibung: Segmental duplications in the human genome are selectively enriched for genes involved in immunity, although the phenotypic consequences for host defense are unknown. We show that there are significant interindividual and interpopulation differences in the copy number of a segmental duplication encompassing the gene encoding CCL3L1 (MIP-1alphaP), a potent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-suppressive chemokine and ligand for the HIV coreceptor CCR5. Possession of a CCL3L1 copy number lower than the population average is associated with markedly enhanced HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) susceptibility. This susceptibility is even greater in individuals who also possess disease-accelerating CCR5 genotypes. This relationship between CCL3L1 dose and altered HIV/AIDS susceptibility points to a central role for CCL3L1 in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis and indicates that differences in the dose of immune response genes may constitute a genetic basis for variable responses to infectious diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez, Enrique -- Kulkarni, Hemant -- Bolivar, Hector -- Mangano, Andrea -- Sanchez, Racquel -- Catano, Gabriel -- Nibbs, Robert J -- Freedman, Barry I -- Quinones, Marlon P -- Bamshad, Michael J -- Murthy, Krishna K -- Rovin, Brad H -- Bradley, William -- Clark, Robert A -- Anderson, Stephanie A -- O'connell, Robert J -- Agan, Brian K -- Ahuja, Seema S -- Bologna, Rosa -- Sen, Luisa -- Dolan, Matthew J -- Ahuja, Sunil K -- AI043279/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI046326/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- MH069270/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1434-40. Epub 2005 Jan 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Chemokines, CC/*genetics/metabolism ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Dosage ; *Gene Duplication ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*genetics/*immunology/virology ; *HIV-1/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Phenotype ; Public Health ; Receptors, CCR5/genetics/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-05-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 20;308(5725):1096-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cloning, Organism/ethics/methods ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oocytes ; Politics ; *Research Embryo Creation/ethics/methods ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-04
    Beschreibung: We hear the melody in music, but we feel the beat. We demonstrate that the perception of musical rhythm is a multisensory experience in infancy. In particular, movement of the body, by bouncing on every second versus every third beat of an ambiguous auditory rhythm pattern, influences whether that auditory rhythm pattern is encoded in duple form (a march) or in triple form (a waltz). Visual information is not necessary for the effect, indicating that it likely reflects a strong, early-developing interaction between auditory and vestibular information in the human nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips-Silver, Jessica -- Trainor, Laurel J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1430.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Dancing/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Learning ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; *Music ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1735-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Genetic Therapy/adverse effects ; *Genetic Vectors ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Leukemia/etiology ; Leukocytes/cytology/enzymology ; Leukopoiesis ; Mice ; NADPH Oxidase/genetics ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/therapy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-04-16
    Beschreibung: The human endogenous intestinal microflora is an essential "organ" in providing nourishment, regulating epithelial development, and instructing innate immunity; yet, surprisingly, basic features remain poorly described. We examined 13,355 prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene sequences from multiple colonic mucosal sites and feces of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of gut microbial diversity. A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganisms. We discovered significant intersubject variability and differences between stool and mucosa community composition. Characterization of this immensely diverse ecosystem is the first step in elucidating its role in health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1395357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1395357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eckburg, Paul B -- Bik, Elisabeth M -- Bernstein, Charles N -- Purdom, Elizabeth -- Dethlefsen, Les -- Sargent, Michael -- Gill, Steven R -- Nelson, Karen E -- Relman, David A -- AI51259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1635-8. Epub 2005 Apr 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Room S-169, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford CA 94305-5107, USA. eckburg1@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Bacteroidetes/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Biodiversity ; Colon/*microbiology ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Feces/*microbiology ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/*microbiology ; Methanobrevibacter/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):613.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Burial/*history ; Capital Punishment/*history ; Child ; Christianity/history ; Criminal Law/history ; Decapitation/history ; England ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Roman World/*history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barbi, Elisabetta -- Vaupel, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1743; author reply 1743.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Statistics, University of Messina,Via dei Verdi 58, 98100 Messina, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infection/epidemiology ; *Inflammation/epidemiology ; Italy ; *Life Expectancy ; Longevity ; *Mortality ; Sweden ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-18
    Beschreibung: Nepalese porters routinely carry head-supported loads equal to 100 to 200% of their body weight (Mb) for many days up and down steep mountain footpaths at high altitudes. Previous studies have shown that African women carry head-supported loads of up to 60% of their Mb far more economically than army recruits carrying equivalent loads in backpacks. Here we show that Nepalese porters carry heavier loads even more economically than African women. Female Nepalese porters, for example, carry on average loads that are 10% of their Mb heavier than the maximum loads carried by the African women, yet do so at a 25% smaller metabolic cost.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bastien, Guillaume J -- Schepens, Benedicte -- Willems, Patrick A -- Heglund, Norman C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1755.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Physiologie et Biomecanique de la Locomotion, Faculte de Medecine, Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Altitude ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; *Lifting ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nepal ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Endurance ; *Physical Exertion ; *Walking ; *Weight-Bearing
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-19
    Beschreibung: Craniofacial abnormalities account for about one-third of all human congenital defects, but our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing craniofacial development is incomplete. We show that GTF2IRD1 is a genetic determinant of mammalian craniofacial and cognitive development, and we implicate another member of the TFII-I transcription factor family, GTF2I, in both aspects. Gtf2ird1-null mice exhibit phenotypic abnormalities reminiscent of the human microdeletion disorder Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS); craniofacial imaging reveals abnormalities in both skull and jaws that may arise through misregulation of goosecoid, a downstream target of Gtf2ird1. In humans, a rare WBS individual with an atypical deletion, including GTF2IRD1, shows facial dysmorphism and cognitive deficits that differ from those of classic WBS cases. We propose a mechanism of cumulative dosage effects of duplicated and diverged genes applicable to other human chromosomal disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tassabehji, May -- Hammond, Peter -- Karmiloff-Smith, Annette -- Thompson, Pamela -- Thorgeirsson, Snorri S -- Durkin, Marian E -- Popescu, Nicholas C -- Hutton, Timothy -- Metcalfe, Kay -- Rucka, Agnes -- Stewart, Helen -- Read, Andrew P -- Maconochie, Mark -- Donnai, Dian -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1184-7. Epub 2005 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Academic Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. m.tassabehji@manchester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/*genetics ; Face/*embryology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Goosecoid Protein/genetics/physiology ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Proteins/*physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/*physiology ; Skull/*embryology ; Trans-Activators/*physiology ; Transcription Factors, TFII/physiology ; Williams Syndrome/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-05-21
    Beschreibung: Patient-specific, immune-matched human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are anticipated to be of great biomedical importance for studies of disease and development and to advance clinical deliberations regarding stem cell transplantation. Eleven hESC lines were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of skin cells from patients with disease or injury into donated oocytes. These lines, nuclear transfer (NT)-hESCs, grown on human feeders from the same NT donor or from genetically unrelated individuals, were established at high rates, regardless of NT donor sex or age. NT-hESCs were pluripotent, chromosomally normal, and matched the NT patient's DNA. The major histocompatibility complex identity of each NT-hESC when compared to the patient's own showed immunological compatibility, which is important for eventual transplantation. With the generation of these NT-hESCs, evaluations of genetic and epigenetic stability can be made. Additional work remains to be done regarding the development of reliable directed differentiation and the elimination of remaining animal components. Before clinical use of these cells can occur, preclinical evidence is required to prove that transplantation of differentiated NT-hESCs can be safe, effective, and tolerated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Roh, Sung Il -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kwon, Dae Kee -- Kim, Sue -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Park, Sun Woo -- Kwon, Hee Sun -- Lee, Chang Kyu -- Lee, Jung Bok -- Kim, Jin Mee -- Ahn, Curie -- Paek, Sun Ha -- Chang, Sang Sik -- Koo, Jung Jin -- Yoon, Hyun Soo -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Hwang, Youn Young -- Park, Ye Soo -- Oh, Sun Kyung -- Kim, Hee Sun -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Moon, Shin Yong -- Schatten, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1777-83. Epub 2005 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Agammaglobulinemia ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; HLA Antigens/analysis ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Karyotyping ; Male ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue and Organ Procurement
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-04-16
    Beschreibung: How do we perceive the visual motion of objects that are accelerated by gravity? We propose that, because vision is poorly sensitive to accelerations, an internal model that calculates the effects of gravity is derived from graviceptive information, is stored in the vestibular cortex, and is activated by visual motion that appears to be coherent with natural gravity. The acceleration of visual targets was manipulated while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In agreement with the internal model hypothesis, we found that the vestibular network was selectively engaged when acceleration was consistent with natural gravity. These findings demonstrate that predictive mechanisms of physical laws of motion are represented in the human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Indovina, Iole -- Maffei, Vincenzo -- Bosco, Gianfranco -- Zago, Myrka -- Macaluso, Emiliano -- Lacquaniti, Francesco -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute Foundation Santa Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acceleration ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cues ; Female ; *Gravitation ; *Gravity Sensing ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Biological ; *Motion Perception ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Reaction Time ; Semicircular Canals/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology ; Visual Pathways
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 57
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-01
    Beschreibung: When we fall asleep, consciousness fades yet the brain remains active. Why is this so? To investigate whether changes in cortical information transmission play a role, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation together with high-density electroencephalography and asked how the activation of one cortical area (the premotor area) is transmitted to the rest of the brain. During quiet wakefulness, an initial response (approximately 15 milliseconds) at the stimulation site was followed by a sequence of waves that moved to connected cortical areas several centimeters away. During non-rapid eye movement sleep, the initial response was stronger but was rapidly extinguished and did not propagate beyond the stimulation site. Thus, the fading of consciousness during certain stages of sleep may be related to a breakdown in cortical effective connectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Massimini, Marcello -- Ferrarelli, Fabio -- Huber, Reto -- Esser, Steve K -- Singh, Harpreet -- Tononi, Giulio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2228-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Consciousness/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Sleep/*physiology ; Software ; Wakefulness/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):208-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Anthropology, Physical ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones ; Child ; Female ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Microcephaly/history ; *Paleontology ; Paleopathology ; Skeleton ; Skull
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-22
    Beschreibung: Humans can discriminate several million different colors and almost half a million different tones, but the number of discriminable olfactory stimuli remains unknown. The lay and scientific literature typically claims that humans can discriminate 10,000 odors, but this number has never been empirically validated. We determined the resolution of the human sense of smell by testing the capacity of humans to discriminate odor mixtures with varying numbers of shared components. On the basis of the results of psychophysical testing, we calculated that humans can discriminate at least 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. This is far more than previous estimates of distinguishable olfactory stimuli. It demonstrates that the human olfactory system, with its hundreds of different olfactory receptors, far outperforms the other senses in the number of physically different stimuli it can discriminate.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushdid, C -- Magnasco, M O -- Vosshall, L B -- Keller, A -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1370-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1249168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Odors ; *Olfactory Perception ; Smell/*physiology ; Young Adult
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  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-29
    Beschreibung: Two studies examined how U.S. presidents are forgotten. A total of 415 undergraduates in 1974, 1991, and 2009 recalled as many presidents as possible and attempted to place them in their correct ordinal positions. All showed roughly linear forgetting of the eight or nine presidents prior to the president holding office at the time, and recall of presidents without respect to ordinal position also showed a regular pattern of forgetting. Similar outcomes occurred with 497 adults (ages 18 to 69) tested in 2014. We fit forgetting functions to the data to predict when six relatively recent presidents will recede in memory to the level of most middle presidents (e.g., we predict that Truman will be forgotten to the same extent as McKinley by about 2040). These studies show that forgetting from collective memory can be studied empirically, as with forgetting in other forms of memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roediger, H L 3rd -- DeSoto, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1259627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. roediger@wustl.edu. ; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Cognition ; Humans ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-21
    Beschreibung: It is not just a manner of speaking: "Mind reading," or working out what others are thinking and feeling, is markedly similar to print reading. Both of these distinctly human skills recover meaning from signs, depend on dedicated cortical areas, are subject to genetically heritable disorders, show cultural variation around a universal core, and regulate how people behave. But when it comes to development, the evidence is conflicting. Some studies show that, like learning to read print, learning to read minds is a long, hard process that depends on tuition. Others indicate that even very young, nonliterate infants are already capable of mind reading. Here, we propose a resolution to this conflict. We suggest that infants are equipped with neurocognitive mechanisms that yield accurate expectations about behavior ("automatic" or "implicit" mind reading), whereas "explicit" mind reading, like literacy, is a culturally inherited skill; it is passed from one generation to the next by verbal instruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heyes, Cecilia M -- Frith, Chris D -- 091593/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1243091. doi: 10.1126/science.1243091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉All Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK. cecilia.heyes@all-souls.ox.ac.uk. ; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Brain/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; *Cultural Evolution ; Dyslexia/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Telepathy ; *Theory of Mind
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  • 62
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-04-26
    Beschreibung: Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are associated with multiple diseases and biological processes; however, little is known about the extent of sequence variation in the mitochondrial transcriptome. By ultra-deeply sequencing mitochondrial RNA (〉6000x) from the whole blood of ~1000 individuals from the CARTaGENE project, we identified remarkable levels of sequence variation within and across individuals, as well as sites that show consistent patterns of posttranscriptional modification. Using a genome-wide association study, we find that posttranscriptional modification of functionally important sites in mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is under strong genetic control, largely driven by a missense mutation in MRPP3 that explains ~22% of the variance. These results reveal a major nuclear genetic determinant of posttranscriptional modification in mitochondria and suggest that tRNA posttranscriptional modification may affect cellular energy production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodgkinson, Alan -- Idaghdour, Youssef -- Gbeha, Elias -- Grenier, Jean-Christophe -- Hip-Ki, Elodie -- Bruat, Vanessa -- Goulet, Jean-Philippe -- de Malliard, Thibault -- Awadalla, Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):413-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, 3175 Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribonuclease P/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome
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  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-13
    Beschreibung: The science of morality has drawn heavily on well-controlled but artificial laboratory settings. To study everyday morality, we repeatedly assessed moral or immoral acts and experiences in a large (N = 1252) sample using ecological momentary assessment. Moral experiences were surprisingly frequent and manifold. Liberals and conservatives emphasized somewhat different moral dimensions. Religious and nonreligious participants did not differ in the likelihood or quality of committed moral and immoral acts. Being the target of moral or immoral deeds had the strongest impact on happiness, whereas committing moral or immoral deeds had the strongest impact on sense of purpose. Analyses of daily dynamics revealed evidence for both moral contagion and moral licensing. In sum, morality science may benefit from a closer look at the antecedents, dynamics, and consequences of everyday moral experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hofmann, Wilhelm -- Wisneski, Daniel C -- Brandt, Mark J -- Skitka, Linda J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1340-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1251560. Epub 2014 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. wilhelm.hofmann@uni-koeln.de. ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. ; Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000, Tilburg, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Employee Discipline ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Morals ; Personnel Loyalty ; Young Adult
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-08
    Beschreibung: To systematically investigate the impact of immune stimulation upon regulatory variant activity, we exposed primary monocytes from 432 healthy Europeans to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or differing durations of lipopolysaccharide and mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). More than half of cis-eQTLs identified, involving hundreds of genes and associated pathways, are detected specifically in stimulated monocytes. Induced innate immune activity reveals multiple master regulatory trans-eQTLs including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), coding variants altering enzyme and receptor function, an IFN-beta cytokine network showing temporal specificity, and an interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) transcription factor-modulated network. Induced eQTL are significantly enriched for genome-wide association study loci, identifying context-specific associations to putative causal genes including CARD9, ATM, and IRF8. Thus, applying pathophysiologically relevant immune stimuli assists resolution of functional genetic variants.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064786/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064786/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fairfax, Benjamin P -- Humburg, Peter -- Makino, Seiko -- Naranbhai, Vivek -- Wong, Daniel -- Lau, Evelyn -- Jostins, Luke -- Plant, Katharine -- Andrews, Robert -- McGee, Chris -- Knight, Julian C -- 074318/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088891/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 281824/European Research Council/International -- 98082/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1001708/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1246949. doi: 10.1126/science.1246949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antigens, CD14/immunology ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crohn Disease/epidemiology/*genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1 ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-2/genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carmona, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):589. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6171.589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Child ; *Device Approval ; Humans ; Nicotine/*administration & dosage ; Smoking/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-08
    Beschreibung: Little is known about how human genetic variation affects the responses to environmental stimuli in the context of complex diseases. Experimental and computational approaches were applied to determine the effects of genetic variation on the induction of pathogen-responsive genes in human dendritic cells. We identified 121 common genetic variants associated in cis with variation in expression responses to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, influenza, or interferon-beta (IFN-beta). We localized and validated causal variants to binding sites of pathogen-activated STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and IRF (IFN-regulatory factor) transcription factors. We also identified a common variant in IRF7 that is associated in trans with type I IFN induction in response to influenza infection. Our results reveal common alleles that explain interindividual variation in pathogen sensing and provide functional annotation for genetic variants that alter susceptibility to inflammatory diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124741/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124741/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Mark N -- Ye, Chun -- Villani, Alexandra-Chloe -- Raj, Towfique -- Li, Weibo -- Eisenhaure, Thomas M -- Imboywa, Selina H -- Chipendo, Portia I -- Ran, F Ann -- Slowikowski, Kamil -- Ward, Lucas D -- Raddassi, Khadir -- McCabe, Cristin -- Lee, Michelle H -- Frohlich, Irene Y -- Hafler, David A -- Kellis, Manolis -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Zhang, Feng -- Stranger, Barbara E -- Benoist, Christophe O -- De Jager, Philip L -- Regev, Aviv -- Hacohen, Nir -- DP1 CA174427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 MH100706/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- DP1 MH100706/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002230/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG043267/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR063759/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK097768/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 GM093080/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG002295/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI082630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1246980. doi: 10.1126/science.1246980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics ; Communicable Diseases/genetics ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Loci ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HEK293 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*genetics ; Interferon-beta/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; STAT Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcriptome ; Young Adult
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):964-7. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6174.964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cognition Disorders/*drug therapy ; Down Syndrome/drug therapy/genetics/*therapy ; *Early Medical Intervention ; Female ; GABA Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Picrotoxin/therapeutic use ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-29
    Beschreibung: High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028126/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028126/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Frances -- Conti, Gabriella -- Heckman, James J -- Moon, Seong Hyeok -- Pinto, Rodrigo -- Pungello, Elizabeth -- Pan, Yi -- 1R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5RC1MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1478-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1248429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Preservation ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control ; Child ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Diet ; Early Medical Intervention/*methods ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-16
    Beschreibung: The current view of motor learning suggests that when we revisit a task, the brain recalls the motor commands it previously learned. In this view, motor memory is a memory of motor commands, acquired through trial-and-error and reinforcement. Here we show that the brain controls how much it is willing to learn from the current error through a principled mechanism that depends on the history of past errors. This suggests that the brain stores a previously unknown form of memory, a memory of errors. A mathematical formulation of this idea provides insights into a host of puzzling experimental data, including savings and meta-learning, demonstrating that when we are better at a motor task, it is partly because the brain recognizes the errors it experienced before.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herzfeld, David J -- Vaswani, Pavan A -- Marko, Mollie K -- Shadmehr, Reza -- 1F31NS079121/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F31 NS090860/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS078311/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS078311/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32EB003383/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007057/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1349-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1253138. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dherzfe1@jhmi.edu. ; Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25123484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-07
    Beschreibung: How does the composition of a population affect the adoption of health behaviors and innovations? Homophily--similarity of social contacts--can increase dyadic-level influence, but it can also force less healthy individuals to interact primarily with one another, thereby excluding them from interactions with healthier, more influential, early adopters. As a result, an important network-level effect of homophily is that the people who are most in need of a health innovation may be among the least likely to adopt it. Despite the importance of this thesis, confounding factors in observational data have made it difficult to test empirically. We report results from a controlled experimental study on the spread of a health innovation through fixed social networks in which the level of homophily was independently varied. We found that homophily significantly increased overall adoption of a new health behavior, especially among those most in need of it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Centola, Damon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1269-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1207055.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sloan School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. dcentola@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Body Mass Index ; *Diet Records ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Humans ; Internet ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Obesity ; Peer Group ; Social Behavior ; *Social Networking ; *Social Support ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1730-1. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6012.1730.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Congo/epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Vaccination ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/virology ; *Poliovirus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-12
    Beschreibung: Contemporary humans exhibit spectacular biological success derived from cumulative culture and cooperation. The origins of these traits may be related to our ancestral group structure. Because humans lived as foragers for 95% of our species' history, we analyzed co-residence patterns among 32 present-day foraging societies (total n = 5067 individuals, mean experienced band size = 28.2 adults). We found that hunter-gatherers display a unique social structure where (i) either sex may disperse or remain in their natal group, (ii) adult brothers and sisters often co-reside, and (iii) most individuals in residential groups are genetically unrelated. These patterns produce large interaction networks of unrelated adults and suggest that inclusive fitness cannot explain extensive cooperation in hunter-gatherer bands. However, large social networks may help to explain why humans evolved capacities for social learning that resulted in cumulative culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Kim R -- Walker, Robert S -- Bozicevic, Miran -- Eder, James -- Headland, Thomas -- Hewlett, Barry -- Hurtado, A Magdalena -- Marlowe, Frank -- Wiessner, Polly -- Wood, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1286-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1199071.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. kim.hill@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Groups ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-28
    Beschreibung: Recent research in cognitive and developmental neuroscience is providing a new approach to the understanding of dyscalculia that emphasizes a core deficit in understanding sets and their numerosities, which is fundamental to all aspects of elementary school mathematics. The neural bases of numerosity processing have been investigated in structural and functional neuroimaging studies of adults and children, and neural markers of its impairment in dyscalculia have been identified. New interventions to strengthen numerosity processing, including adaptive software, promise effective evidence-based education for dyscalculic learners.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butterworth, Brian -- Varma, Sashank -- Laurillard, Diana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1049-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1201536.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Educational Neuroscience and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK. b.butterworth@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Cognition ; Humans ; Learning ; *Learning Disorders/epidemiology/physiopathology/psychology ; *Mathematical Concepts ; Mathematics/*education ; Parietal Lobe/*physiopathology ; Software ; Teaching
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roediger, Henry L 3rd -- McDermott, Kathleen B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):47-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1208565.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. roediger@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Group Processes ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Mental Recall ; *Social Conformity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-29
    Beschreibung: Cytotoxic chemotherapy targets elements common to all nucleated human cells, such as DNA and microtubules, yet it selectively kills tumor cells. Here we show that clinical response to these drugs correlates with, and may be partially governed by, the pretreatment proximity of tumor cell mitochondria to the apoptotic threshold, a property called mitochondrial priming. We used BH3 profiling to measure priming in tumor cells from patients with multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia, and ovarian cancer. This assay measures mitochondrial response to peptides derived from proapoptotic BH3 domains of proteins critical for death signaling to mitochondria. Patients with highly primed cancers exhibited superior clinical response to chemotherapy. In contrast, chemoresistant cancers and normal tissues were poorly primed. Manipulation of mitochondrial priming might enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280949/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280949/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ni Chonghaile, Triona -- Sarosiek, Kristopher A -- Vo, Thanh-Trang -- Ryan, Jeremy A -- Tammareddi, Anupama -- Moore, Victoria Del Gaizo -- Deng, Jing -- Anderson, Kenneth C -- Richardson, Paul -- Tai, Yu-Tzu -- Mitsiades, Constantine S -- Matulonis, Ursula A -- Drapkin, Ronny -- Stone, Richard -- Deangelo, Daniel J -- McConkey, David J -- Sallan, Stephen E -- Silverman, Lewis -- Hirsch, Michelle S -- Carrasco, Daniel Ruben -- Letai, Anthony -- P01CA068484/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA139980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129974-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA129974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1129-33. doi: 10.1126/science.1206727. Epub 2011 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Permeability ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry/metabolism ; Remission Induction ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-11
    Beschreibung: Advances in understanding the effects of early education have benefited public policy and developmental science. Although preschool has demonstrated positive effects on life-course outcomes, limitations in knowledge on program scale, subgroup differences, and dosage levels have hindered understanding. We report the effects of the Child-Parent Center Education Program on indicators of well-being up to 25 years later for more than 1400 participants. This established, publicly funded intervention begins in preschool and provides up to 6 years of service in inner-city Chicago schools. Relative to the comparison group receiving the usual services, program participation was independently linked to higher educational attainment, income, socioeconomic status (SES), and health insurance coverage, as well as lower rates of justice-system involvement and substance abuse. Evidence of enduring effects was strongest for preschool, especially for males and children of high school dropouts. The positive influence of four or more years of service was limited primarily to education and SES. Dosage within program components was mostly unrelated to outcomes. Findings demonstrate support for the enduring effects of sustained school-based early education to the end of the third decade of life.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774305/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774305/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reynolds, Arthur J -- Temple, Judy A -- Ou, Suh-Ruu -- Arteaga, Irma A -- White, Barry A B -- HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):360-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1203618. Epub 2011 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Child Development and Human Capital Research Collaborative, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ajr@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Chicago ; Child, Preschool ; *Early Intervention (Education) ; *Education ; Educational Status ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; Personal Satisfaction ; Social Class
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-10
    Beschreibung: Our goal is to develop a vaccine that sustainably prevents Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in 〉/=80% of recipients. Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) administered by mosquito bites are the only immunogens shown to induce such protection in humans. Such protection is thought to be mediated by CD8(+) T cells in the liver that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We report that purified irradiated PfSPZ administered to 80 volunteers by needle inoculation in the skin was safe, but suboptimally immunogenic and protective. Animal studies demonstrated that intravenous immunization was critical for inducing a high frequency of PfSPZ-specific CD8(+), IFN-gamma-producing T cells in the liver (nonhuman primates, mice) and conferring protection (mice). Our results suggest that intravenous administration of this vaccine will lead to the prevention of infection with Pf malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, J E -- Tewari, K -- Lyke, K E -- Sim, B K L -- Billingsley, P F -- Laurens, M B -- Gunasekera, A -- Chakravarty, S -- James, E R -- Sedegah, M -- Richman, A -- Velmurugan, S -- Reyes, S -- Li, M -- Tucker, K -- Ahumada, A -- Ruben, A J -- Li, T -- Stafford, R -- Eappen, A G -- Tamminga, C -- Bennett, J W -- Ockenhouse, C F -- Murphy, J R -- Komisar, J -- Thomas, N -- Loyevsky, M -- Birkett, A -- Plowe, C V -- Loucq, C -- Edelman, R -- Richie, T L -- Seder, R A -- Hoffman, S L -- 5R44AI055229-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058375-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058499-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):475-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1211548. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology ; Liver/*immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Rabbits ; Sporozoites/*immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1368. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6036.1368.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; *Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Japan ; Nuclear Power Plants ; *Radiation Dosage ; *Radiation Monitoring ; *Radioactive Hazard Release
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-14
    Beschreibung: Poverty, drought, and hunger devastate people on Africa's rangelands. We used an action-oriented approach from 2000 to 2004 to build capacity among thousands of pastoralists to diversify livelihoods, improve living standards, and enhance livestock marketing. The process included collective action, microfinance, and participatory education. Poor women previously burdened by domestic chores became leaders and rapidly changed their communities. Drought occurred from 2005 to 2008. We assessed intervention effects on household drought resilience with a quasiexperimental format that incorporated survey-based comparisons of treatment groups with ex post controls. Interventions led to major improvements in trends for quality of life, wealth accumulation, hunger reduction, and risk management. Human capacity building can be a driver for change, generating hope and aspirations that set the stage for the use of new information and technology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coppock, D Layne -- Desta, Solomon -- Tezera, Seyoum -- Gebru, Getachew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1394-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1211232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5215, USA. layne.coppock@usu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Capacity Building ; Droughts ; Ethiopia ; Female ; Financial Management ; Food ; Humans ; Income ; Leadership ; Livestock ; *Poverty Areas ; *Quality of Life ; Resilience, Psychological ; Risk Management ; *Rural Population ; *Socioeconomic Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-26
    Beschreibung: Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments can restrain antitumor immunity, particularly in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Because CD40 activation can reverse immune suppression and drive antitumor T cell responses, we tested the combination of an agonist CD40 antibody with gemcitabine chemotherapy in a small cohort of patients with surgically incurable PDA and observed tumor regressions in some patients. We reproduced this treatment effect in a genetically engineered mouse model of PDA and found unexpectedly that tumor regression required macrophages but not T cells or gemcitabine. CD40-activated macrophages rapidly infiltrated tumors, became tumoricidal, and facilitated the depletion of tumor stroma. Thus, cancer immune surveillance does not necessarily depend on therapy-induced T cells; rather, our findings demonstrate a CD40-dependent mechanism for targeting tumor stroma in the treatment of cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beatty, Gregory L -- Chiorean, Elena G -- Fishman, Matthew P -- Saboury, Babak -- Teitelbaum, Ursina R -- Sun, Weijing -- Huhn, Richard D -- Song, Wenru -- Li, Dongguang -- Sharp, Leslie L -- Torigian, Drew A -- O'Dwyer, Peter J -- Vonderheide, Robert H -- K08 CA138907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K12 CA076931/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 25;331(6024):1612-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1198443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/adverse ; effects/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD40/*agonists/*immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology/secondary ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Surveillance ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-22
    Beschreibung: The superior capability of cognitive experts largely depends on quick automatic processes. To reveal their neural bases, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity of professional and amateur players in a board game named shogi. We found two activations specific to professionals: one in the precuneus of the parietal lobe during perception of board patterns, and the other in the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia during quick generation of the best next move. Activities at these two sites covaried in relevant tasks. These results suggest that the precuneus-caudate circuit implements the automatic, yet complicated, processes of board-pattern perception and next-move generation in board game experts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wan, Xiaohong -- Nakatani, Hironori -- Ueno, Kenichi -- Asamizuya, Takeshi -- Cheng, Kang -- Tanaka, Keiji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):341-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194732.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Intuition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Neural Pathways ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Perception ; *Play and Playthings ; Psychomotor Performance ; Reaction Time
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-14
    Beschreibung: Frontoparietal cortex is involved in the explicit processing (awareness) of stimuli. Frontoparietal activation has also been found in studies of subliminal stimulus processing. We hypothesized that an impairment of top-down processes, involved in recurrent neuronal message-passing and the generation of long-latency electrophysiological responses, might provide a more reliable correlate of consciousness in severely brain-damaged patients, than frontoparietal responses. We measured effective connectivity during a mismatch negativity paradigm and found that the only significant difference between patients in a vegetative state and controls was an impairment of backward connectivity from frontal to temporal cortices. This result emphasizes the importance of top-down projections in recurrent processing that involve high-order associative cortices for conscious perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boly, Melanie -- Garrido, Marta Isabel -- Gosseries, Olivia -- Bruno, Marie-Aurelie -- Boveroux, Pierre -- Schnakers, Caroline -- Massimini, Marcello -- Litvak, Vladimir -- Laureys, Steven -- Friston, Karl -- 088130/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):858-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1202043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre and Neurology Department, University of Liege and CHU Sart Tilman Hospital, 4000 Liege, Belgium. mboly@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Auditory Perception ; Awareness ; Bayes Theorem ; Brain Mapping ; *Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Neural Pathways ; Parietal Lobe/physiology/*physiopathology ; Persistent Vegetative State/diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Reaction Time ; Temporal Lobe/physiology/*physiopathology ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-19
    Beschreibung: How rudimentary movements evolve into sophisticated ones during development remains unclear. It is often assumed that the primitive patterns of neural control are suppressed during development, replaced by entirely new patterns. Here we identified the basic patterns of lumbosacral motoneuron activity from multimuscle recordings in stepping neonates, toddlers, preschoolers, and adults. Surprisingly, we found that the two basic patterns of stepping neonates are retained through development, augmented by two new patterns first revealed in toddlers. Markedly similar patterns were observed also in the rat, cat, macaque, and guineafowl, consistent with the hypothesis that, despite substantial phylogenetic distances and morphological differences, locomotion in several animal species is built starting from common primitives, perhaps related to a common ancestral neural network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dominici, Nadia -- Ivanenko, Yuri P -- Cappellini, Germana -- d'Avella, Andrea -- Mondi, Vito -- Cicchese, Marika -- Fabiano, Adele -- Silei, Tiziana -- Di Paolo, Ambrogio -- Giannini, Carlo -- Poppele, Richard E -- Lacquaniti, Francesco -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):997-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1210617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cats ; Child, Preschool ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leg/*physiology ; *Locomotion ; Macaca mulatta ; *Motor Activity ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/*physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/physiology ; *Walking
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-26
    Beschreibung: Acute stress shifts the brain into a state that fosters rapid defense mechanisms. Stress-related neuromodulators are thought to trigger this change by altering properties of large-scale neural populations throughout the brain. We investigated this brain-state shift in humans. During exposure to a fear-related acute stressor, responsiveness and interconnectivity within a network including cortical (frontoinsular, dorsal anterior cingulate, inferotemporal, and temporoparietal) and subcortical (amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain) regions increased as a function of stress response magnitudes. beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, but not cortisol synthesis inhibition, diminished this increase. Thus, our findings reveal that noradrenergic activation during acute stress results in prolonged coupling within a distributed network that integrates information exchange between regions involved in autonomic-neuroendocrine control and vigilant attentional reorienting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermans, Erno J -- van Marle, Hein J F -- Ossewaarde, Lindsey -- Henckens, Marloes J A G -- Qin, Shaozheng -- van Kesteren, Marlieke T R -- Schoots, Vincent C -- Cousijn, Helena -- Rijpkema, Mark -- Oostenveld, Robert -- Fernandez, Guillen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1151-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1209603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands. erno.hermans@donders.ru.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adrenergic Neurons/physiology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adult ; Affect ; Attention ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/analysis ; Locus Coeruleus/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Metyrapone/pharmacology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology ; Saliva/chemistry ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/psychology ; Young Adult ; alpha-Amylases/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 85
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-03
    Beschreibung: Diet strongly affects human health, partly by modulating gut microbiome composition. We used diet inventories and 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize fecal samples from 98 individuals. Fecal communities clustered into enterotypes distinguished primarily by levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella. Enterotypes were strongly associated with long-term diets, particularly protein and animal fat (Bacteroides) versus carbohydrates (Prevotella). A controlled-feeding study of 10 subjects showed that microbiome composition changed detectably within 24 hours of initiating a high-fat/low-fiber or low-fat/high-fiber diet, but that enterotype identity remained stable during the 10-day study. Thus, alternative enterotype states are associated with long-term diet.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368382/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368382/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Gary D -- Chen, Jun -- Hoffmann, Christian -- Bittinger, Kyle -- Chen, Ying-Yu -- Keilbaugh, Sue A -- Bewtra, Meenakshi -- Knights, Dan -- Walters, William A -- Knight, Rob -- Sinha, Rohini -- Gilroy, Erin -- Gupta, Kernika -- Baldassano, Robert -- Nessel, Lisa -- Li, Hongzhe -- Bushman, Frederic D -- Lewis, James D -- K24 DK078228/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K24-DK078228/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK050306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI39368/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- S10RR024525/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UH2 DK083981/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):105-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1208344. Epub 2011 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification ; Bacteroides/classification/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Feces/*microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Humans ; *Metagenome ; Middle Aged ; Prevotella/classification/isolation & purification ; Ruminococcus/classification/isolation & purification ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-12
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a new data infrastructure for measuring economic activity. The infrastructure records transactions and account balances, yielding measurements with scope and accuracy that have little precedent in economics. The data are drawn from a diverse population that overrepresents males and younger adults but contains large numbers of underrepresented groups. The data infrastructure permits evaluation of a benchmark theory in economics that predicts that individuals should use a combination of cash management, saving, and borrowing to make the timing of income irrelevant for the timing of spending. As in previous studies and in contrast to the predictions of the theory, there is a response of spending to the arrival of anticipated income. The data also show, however, that this apparent excess sensitivity of spending results largely from the coincident timing of regular income and regular spending. The remaining excess sensitivity is concentrated among individuals with less liquidity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelman, Michael -- Kariv, Shachar -- Shapiro, Matthew D -- Silverman, Dan -- Tadelis, Steven -- P30 AG012839/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):212-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1247727.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. shapiro@umich.edu. ; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Economics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Administrative Personnel ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Policy Making ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-11
    Beschreibung: The United Nations (UN) recently released population projections based on data until 2012 and a Bayesian probabilistic methodology. Analysis of these data reveals that, contrary to previous literature, the world population is unlikely to stop growing this century. There is an 80% probability that world population, now 7.2 billion people, will increase to between 9.6 billion and 12.3 billion in 2100. This uncertainty is much smaller than the range from the traditional UN high and low variants. Much of the increase is expected to happen in Africa, in part due to higher fertility rates and a recent slowdown in the pace of fertility decline. Also, the ratio of working-age people to older people is likely to decline substantially in all countries, even those that currently have young populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230924/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230924/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerland, Patrick -- Raftery, Adrian E -- Sevcikova, Hana -- Li, Nan -- Gu, Danan -- Spoorenberg, Thomas -- Alkema, Leontine -- Fosdick, Bailey K -- Chunn, Jennifer -- Lalic, Nevena -- Bay, Guiomar -- Buettner, Thomas -- Heilig, Gerhard K -- Wilmoth, John -- R01 HD054511/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD070936/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):234-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1257469. Epub 2014 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA. gerland@un.org raftery@u.washington.edu. ; Departments of Statistics and Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-4322, USA. gerland@un.org raftery@u.washington.edu. ; Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-4320, USA. ; Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA. ; Department of Statistics and Applied Probability and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546. ; Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1877, USA. ; James Cook University Singapore, 600 Upper Thomson Road, Singapore 574421. ; Institutional Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-9445, USA. ; Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Center (CELADE), Population Division of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, Chile. ; Population Division, United Nations, New York, NY, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Population Growth ; Uncertainty ; United Nations ; Work ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siliciano, Janet D -- Siliciano, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 29;345(6200):1005-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1259452.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. rsiliciano@jhmi.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Child ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology/therapy ; HIV-1/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Mississippi ; Treatment Failure ; Viremia/diagnosis/immunology/virology ; Virus Latency/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-04-05
    Beschreibung: When mounted on the skin, modern sensors, circuits, radios, and power supply systems have the potential to provide clinical-quality health monitoring capabilities for continuous use, beyond the confines of traditional hospital or laboratory facilities. The most well-developed component technologies are, however, broadly available only in hard, planar formats. As a result, existing options in system design are unable to effectively accommodate integration with the soft, textured, curvilinear, and time-dynamic surfaces of the skin. Here, we describe experimental and theoretical approaches for using ideas in soft microfluidics, structured adhesive surfaces, and controlled mechanical buckling to achieve ultralow modulus, highly stretchable systems that incorporate assemblies of high-modulus, rigid, state-of-the-art functional elements. The outcome is a thin, conformable device technology that can softly laminate onto the surface of the skin to enable advanced, multifunctional operation for physiological monitoring in a wireless mode.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Sheng -- Zhang, Yihui -- Jia, Lin -- Mathewson, Kyle E -- Jang, Kyung-In -- Kim, Jeonghyun -- Fu, Haoran -- Huang, Xian -- Chava, Pranav -- Wang, Renhan -- Bhole, Sanat -- Wang, Lizhe -- Na, Yoon Joo -- Guan, Yue -- Flavin, Matthew -- Han, Zheshen -- Huang, Yonggang -- Rogers, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):70-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Elasticity ; Electrocardiography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/instrumentation/methods ; Electroencephalography/instrumentation/methods ; Electromyography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrooculography ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Male ; Microfluidics/*instrumentation ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/*instrumentation/methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic/*instrumentation/methods ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Silicone Elastomers ; *Skin ; Wireless Technology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-13
    Beschreibung: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells. The consequences of mutations in CTLA4 in humans are unknown. We identified germline heterozygous mutations in CTLA4 in subjects with severe immune dysregulation from four unrelated families. Whereas Ctla4 heterozygous mice have no obvious phenotype, human CTLA4 haploinsufficiency caused dysregulation of FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, hyperactivation of effector T cells, and lymphocytic infiltration of target organs. Patients also exhibited progressive loss of circulating B cells, associated with an increase of predominantly autoreactive CD21(lo) B cells and accumulation of B cells in nonlymphoid organs. Inherited human CTLA4 haploinsufficiency demonstrates a critical quantitative role for CTLA-4 in governing T and B lymphocyte homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371526/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371526/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuehn, Hye Sun -- Ouyang, Weiming -- Lo, Bernice -- Deenick, Elissa K -- Niemela, Julie E -- Avery, Danielle T -- Schickel, Jean-Nicolas -- Tran, Dat Q -- Stoddard, Jennifer -- Zhang, Yu -- Frucht, David M -- Dumitriu, Bogdan -- Scheinberg, Phillip -- Folio, Les R -- Frein, Cathleen A -- Price, Susan -- Koh, Christopher -- Heller, Theo -- Seroogy, Christine M -- Huttenlocher, Anna -- Rao, V Koneti -- Su, Helen C -- Kleiner, David -- Notarangelo, Luigi D -- Rampertaap, Yajesh -- Olivier, Kenneth N -- McElwee, Joshua -- Hughes, Jason -- Pittaluga, Stefania -- Oliveira, Joao B -- Meffre, Eric -- Fleisher, Thomas A -- Holland, Steven M -- Lenardo, Michael J -- Tangye, Stuart G -- Uzel, Gulbu -- 5R01HL113304-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AI061093/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI071087/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI061093/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI071087/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL113304/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI095848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1623-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1255904. Epub 2014 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov. ; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov. ; Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov. ; Immunology and Immunodeficiency Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. St. Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Immunology and Immunodeficiency Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Immunological Diseases Unit, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Radiology and Imaging and Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Clinical Research Directorate, Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Division of Immunology and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 10217, USA. ; Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Boston, MA 02130, USA. ; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira-IMIP, 50070 Recife-PE, Brazil. ; NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tfleishe@cc.nih.gov lenardo@nih.gov guzel@niaid.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25213377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*genetics ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; *Haploinsufficiency ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*genetics ; Immunity/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Pedigree ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17
    Beschreibung: Song-learning birds and humans share independently evolved similarities in brain pathways for vocal learning that are essential for song and speech and are not found in most other species. Comparisons of brain transcriptomes of song-learning birds and humans relative to vocal nonlearners identified convergent gene expression specializations in specific song and speech brain regions of avian vocal learners and humans. The strongest shared profiles relate bird motor and striatal song-learning nuclei, respectively, with human laryngeal motor cortex and parts of the striatum that control speech production and learning. Most of the associated genes function in motor control and brain connectivity. Thus, convergent behavior and neural connectivity for a complex trait are associated with convergent specialized expression of multiple genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4385736/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4385736/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfenning, Andreas R -- Hara, Erina -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Wang, Rui -- Roulhac, Petra L -- Howard, Jason T -- Wirthlin, Morgan -- Lovell, Peter V -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Mouncastle, Jacquelyn -- Moseley, M Arthur -- Thompson, J Will -- Soderblom, Erik J -- Iriki, Atsushi -- Kato, Masaki -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Zhang, Guojie -- Bakken, Trygve -- Bongaarts, Angie -- Bernard, Amy -- Lein, Ed -- Mello, Claudio V -- Hartemink, Alexander J -- Jarvis, Erich D -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC007218/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01DC007218/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC007478/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM092842/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24GM092842/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1256846. doi: 10.1126/science.1256846.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. apfenning@csail.mit.edu amink@cs.duke.edu jarvis@neuro.duke.edu. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. ; Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. apfenning@csail.mit.edu amink@cs.duke.edu jarvis@neuro.duke.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Birds/genetics/physiology ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Finches/*genetics/*physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Motor Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Species Specificity ; *Speech ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptome ; *Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-01-05
    Beschreibung: In 2008, Oregon initiated a limited expansion of a Medicaid program for uninsured, low-income adults, drawing names from a waiting list by lottery. This lottery created a rare opportunity to study the effects of Medicaid coverage by using a randomized controlled design. By using the randomization provided by the lottery and emergency-department records from Portland-area hospitals, we studied the emergency department use of about 25,000 lottery participants over about 18 months after the lottery. We found that Medicaid coverage significantly increases overall emergency use by 0.41 visits per person, or 40% relative to an average of 1.02 visits per person in the control group. We found increases in emergency-department visits across a broad range of types of visits, conditions, and subgroups, including increases in visits for conditions that may be most readily treatable in primary care settings.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955206/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955206/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubman, Sarah L -- Allen, Heidi L -- Wright, Bill J -- Baicker, Katherine -- Finkelstein, Amy N -- P30 AG012810/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30AG012810/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG034151/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG0345151/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- RC2 AG036631/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- RC2AGO36631/RC/CCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):263-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246183. Epub 2014 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data ; Emergency Service, Hospital/*utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients/statistics & numerical data ; Insurance, Health ; Male ; Medicaid/*economics ; *Medically Uninsured ; Oregon ; Poverty ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-02-22
    Beschreibung: The capacity to evaluate the outcomes of our actions is fundamental for adapting and optimizing behavior and depends on an action-monitoring system that assesses ongoing actions and detects errors. The neuronal network underlying this executive function, classically attributed to the rostral cingulate zone, is poorly characterized in humans, owing to the limited number of direct neurophysiological data. Using intracerebral recordings, we show that the leading role is played by the supplementary motor area (SMA), which rapidly evaluates successful and erroneous actions. The rostral part of medial prefrontal cortex, driven by the SMA, was activated later and exclusively in the case of errors. This suggests a hierarchical organization of the different frontal regions involved in implementation of action monitoring and error processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonini, Francesca -- Burle, Boris -- Liegeois-Chauvel, Catherine -- Regis, Jean -- Chauvel, Patrick -- Vidal, Franck -- 241077/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):888-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1247412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aix-Marseille Universite, 13385, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Behavior/*physiology ; Electrodes, Implanted ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-02
    Beschreibung: The challenge of global population aging has been brought into sharper focus by the financial crisis of 2008. In particular, growing national debt has drawn government attention to two apparently conflicting priorities: the need to sustain public spending on pensions and health care versus the need to reduce budget deficits. A number of countries are consequently reconsidering their pension and health care provisions, which account for up to 40% of all government spending in advanced economies. Yet population aging is a global phenomenon that will continue to affect all regions of the world. By 2050 there will be the same number of old as young in the world, with 2 billion people aged 60 or over and another 2 billion under age 15, each group accounting for 21% of the world's population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):587-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1254405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Aging ; Birth Rate/trends ; Budgets ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Delivery of Health Care/*economics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Expectancy/trends ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/trends ; *Pensions ; *Population Dynamics ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-31
    Beschreibung: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves reasoning in the service of adaptive behavior. Little is known, however, about the architecture of reasoning processes in the PFC. Using computational modeling and neuroimaging, we show here that the human PFC has two concurrent inferential tracks: (i) one from ventromedial to dorsomedial PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of the ongoing behavioral strategy and arbitrates between adjusting this strategy versus exploring new ones from long-term memory, and (ii) another from polar to lateral PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of two or three alternative strategies and arbitrates between exploring new strategies versus exploiting these alternative ones. The two tracks interact and, along with the striatum, realize hypothesis testing for accepting versus rejecting newly created strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donoso, Mael -- Collins, Anne G E -- Koechlin, Etienne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1481-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1252254. Epub 2014 May 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (U960), 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Department d'Etudes Cognitives (DEC), Ecole Normale Superieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. ; Department d'Etudes Cognitives (DEC), Ecole Normale Superieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. ; INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (U960), 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Department d'Etudes Cognitives (DEC), Ecole Normale Superieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. etienne.koechlin@upmc.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Bayes Theorem ; Behavior ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Models, Neurological ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Probability ; *Thinking ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-09
    Beschreibung: Limited evidence exists that humans mount a mutation-specific T cell response to epithelial cancers. We used a whole-exomic-sequencing-based approach to demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma contained CD4+ T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells recognizing a mutation in erbb2 interacting protein (ERBB2IP) expressed by the cancer. After adoptive transfer of TIL containing about 25% mutation-specific polyfunctional T(H)1 cells, the patient achieved a decrease in target lesions with prolonged stabilization of disease. Upon disease progression, the patient was retreated with a 〉95% pure population of mutation-reactive T(H)1 cells and again experienced tumor regression. These results provide evidence that a CD4+ T cell response against a mutated antigen can be harnessed to mediate regression of a metastatic epithelial cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Eric -- Turcotte, Simon -- Gros, Alena -- Robbins, Paul F -- Lu, Yong-Chen -- Dudley, Mark E -- Wunderlich, John R -- Somerville, Robert P -- Hogan, Katherine -- Hinrichs, Christian S -- Parkhurst, Maria R -- Yang, James C -- Rosenberg, Steven A -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):641-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Adoptive Transfer/*methods ; Adult ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics/*therapy ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics/*therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Exome ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*transplantation ; Mutation ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/*transplantation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DuPont, Robert L -- Lieberman, Jeffrey A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):557. doi: 10.1126/science.1254989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Robert L. DuPont was the first director of the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (1973-1978) and is president of the Institute for Behavior and Health, Rockville, MD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism/epidemiology ; Brain/*drug effects/pathology ; Cannabis/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Marijuana Abuse/pathology/psychology ; Marijuana Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Street Drugs/*adverse effects/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):462-3. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6183.462.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Clone Cells ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Humans ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques/legislation & jurisprudence ; Oocyte Donation ; Skin/*cytology ; *Stem Cell Research/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-13
    Beschreibung: The global health landscape looks more promising than ever, although progress has been uneven. Here, we describe the current global burden of disease throughout the life cycle, highlighting regional differences in the unfinished agenda of communicable diseases and reproductive, maternal, and child health and the additive burden of emerging noncommunicable diseases and injuries. Understanding this changing landscape is an essential starting point for effective allocation of both domestic and international resources for health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sepulveda, Jaime -- Murray, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1257099.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Global Health Sciences, University of California (UC) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. sepulvedaj@globalhealth.ucsf.edu. ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child Welfare/trends ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Emergencies/epidemiology ; Female ; Global Health/*trends ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maternal Welfare/trends ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Reproductive Health/trends ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-26
    Beschreibung: Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal immunity. Participants received IPV, bivalent 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), or no vaccine. A bOPV challenge was administered 4 weeks later, and excretion was assessed 3, 7, and 14 days later. Nine hundred and fifty-four participants completed the study. Any fecal shedding of poliovirus type 1 was 8.8, 9.1, and 13.5% in the IPV group and 14.4, 24.1, and 52.4% in the control group by 6- to 11-month, 5-year, and 10-year groups, respectively (IPV versus control: Fisher's exact test P 〈 0.001). IPV reduced excretion for poliovirus types 1 and 3 between 38.9 and 74.2% and 52.8 and 75.7%, respectively. Thus, IPV in OPV-vaccinated individuals boosts intestinal mucosal immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jafari, Hamid -- Deshpande, Jagadish M -- Sutter, Roland W -- Bahl, Sunil -- Verma, Harish -- Ahmad, Mohammad -- Kunwar, Abhishek -- Vishwakarma, Rakesh -- Agarwal, Ashutosh -- Jain, Shilpi -- Estivariz, Concepcion -- Sethi, Raman -- Molodecky, Natalie A -- Grassly, Nicholas C -- Pallansch, Mark A -- Chatterjee, Arani -- Aylward, R Bruce -- MR/K010174/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):922-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1255006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Health Organization, India-National Polio Surveillance Project, R. K. Khanna Stadium, Africa Avenue, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India. ; Enterovirus Research Center, Haffkine Institute Compound, Parel, Mumbai, India. ; World Health Organization, Ave Appia, Geneva, Switzerland. sutterr@who.int. ; World Health Organization, Ave Appia, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Panacea Biotec Ltd., New Delhi, India. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Disease Eradication ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization, Secondary ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Poliovirus/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/*administration & dosage ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/*administration & dosage ; Prevalence ; Virus Shedding/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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