ALBERT

Description: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.

Description: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.

Description: Published

Description: 3493

Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici

Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente

Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio

Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici

Description: JCR Journal

Description: restricted

Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1470-1. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6191.1470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Emerging infectious diseases are reducing biodiversity on a global scale. Recently, the emergence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans resulted in rapid declines in populations of European fire salamanders. Here, we screened more than 5000 amphibians from across four continents and combined experimental assessment of pathogenicity with phylogenetic methods to estimate the threat that this infection poses to amphibian diversity. Results show that B. salamandrivorans is restricted to, but highly pathogenic for, salamanders and newts (Urodela). The pathogen likely originated and remained in coexistence with a clade of salamander hosts for millions of years in Asia. As a result of globalization and lack of biosecurity, it has recently been introduced into naive European amphibian populations, where it is currently causing biodiversity loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martel, A -- Blooi, M -- Adriaensen, C -- Van Rooij, P -- Beukema, W -- Fisher, M C -- Farrer, R A -- Schmidt, B R -- Tobler, U -- Goka, K -- Lips, K R -- Muletz, C -- Zamudio, K R -- Bosch, J -- Lotters, S -- Wombwell, E -- Garner, T W J -- Cunningham, A A -- Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A -- Salvidio, S -- Ducatelle, R -- Nishikawa, K -- Nguyen, T T -- Kolby, J E -- Van Bocxlaer, I -- Bossuyt, F -- Pasmans, F -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):630-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1258268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. an.martel@ugent.be. ; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, Antwerp, Belgium. ; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. ; CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias de Vairao, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairao, Portugal. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. ; Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Koordinationsstelle fur amphibien- und reptilienschutz in der Schweiz (KARCH), Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron 6, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Institut fur Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universitat Zurich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Invasive Alien Species Research Team, National Institute for Environment Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan. ; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones cientificas (CSIC), Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. ; Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany. ; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Kent CT2 7NR, UK. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. ; Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands (RAVON), Post Office Box 1413, 6501 BK Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Earth Science, Environmental and Life (Di.S.T.A.V.), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy. ; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ; Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. ; James Cook University, One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. ; Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Reported trends in the mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable, winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine predators of commercial and conservation interest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Black, Bryan A -- Sydeman, William J -- Frank, David C -- Griffin, Daniel -- Stahle, David W -- Garcia-Reyes, Marisol -- Rykaczewski, Ryan R -- Bograd, Steven J -- Peterson, William T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1498-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1253209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. bryan.black@utexas.edu. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. ; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Zahringerstrasse 25, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, 216 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. ; Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1352 Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. ; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, NOAA, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Ecological specialization should minimize niche overlap, yet herbivorous neotropical flies (Blepharoneura) and their lethal parasitic wasps (parasitoids) exhibit both extreme specialization and apparent niche overlap in host plants. From just two plant species at one site in Peru, we collected 3636 flowers yielding 1478 fly pupae representing 14 Blepharoneura fly species, 18 parasitoid species (14 Bellopius species), and parasitoid-host associations, all discovered through analysis of molecular data. Multiple sympatric species specialize on the same sex flowers of the same fly host-plant species-which suggests extreme niche overlap; however, niche partitioning was exposed by interactions between wasps and flies. Most Bellopius species emerged as adults from only one fly species, yet evidence from pupae (preadult emergence samples) show that most Bellopius also attacked additional fly species but never emerged as adults from those flies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Condon, Marty A -- Scheffer, Sonja J -- Lewis, Matthew L -- Wharton, Robert -- Adams, Dean C -- Forbes, Andrew A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1240-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1245007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA 52314, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferreira, J -- Aragao, L E O C -- Barlow, J -- Barreto, P -- Berenguer, E -- Bustamante, M -- Gardner, T A -- Lees, A C -- Lima, A -- Louzada, J -- Pardini, R -- Parry, L -- Peres, C A -- Pompeu, P S -- Tabarelli, M -- Zuanon, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):706-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉See the supplementary materials for author af liations. joice.ferreira@embrapa.br. ; See the supplementary materials for author af liations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117199/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117199/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, Susan M -- Queitsch, Christine -- DP1 CA174424/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1-CA174424/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD008371/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2-OD008371/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085777/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053158/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA85777/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM53158/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1088-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1247472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McSweeney, Kendra -- Nielsen, Erik A -- Taylor, Matthew J -- Wrathall, David J -- Pearson, Zoe -- Wang, Ophelia -- Plumb, Spencer T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):489-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1244082.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mengerink, Kathryn J -- Van Dover, Cindy L -- Ardron, Jeff -- Baker, Maria -- Escobar-Briones, Elva -- Gjerde, Kristina -- Koslow, J Anthony -- Ramirez-Llodra, Eva -- Lara-Lopez, Ana -- Squires, Dale -- Sutton, Tracey -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Levin, Lisa A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):696-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Law Institute, Washington, DC 20036, USA. Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. ; Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. ; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany. ; National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, ICML, Mexico. ; Wycliffe Management, 05510 Warsaw, Poland. ; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. ; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway. ; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. ; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Oceanographic Center, College of Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA. ; International Research Institute of Stavanger, Norway. ; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. llevin@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini -- Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1571. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6204.1571-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Laboratorio de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil. biodbr@gmail.com. ; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapron, Guillaume -- Kaczensky, Petra -- Linnell, John D C -- von Arx, Manuela -- Huber, Djuro -- Andren, Henrik -- Lopez-Bao, Jose Vicente -- Adamec, Michal -- Alvares, Francisco -- Anders, Ole -- Balciauskas, Linas -- Balys, Vaidas -- Bedo, Peter -- Bego, Ferdinand -- Blanco, Juan Carlos -- Breitenmoser, Urs -- Broseth, Henrik -- Bufka, Ludek -- Bunikyte, Raimonda -- Ciucci, Paolo -- Dutsov, Alexander -- Engleder, Thomas -- Fuxjager, Christian -- Groff, Claudio -- Holmala, Katja -- Hoxha, Bledi -- Iliopoulos, Yorgos -- Ionescu, Ovidiu -- Jeremic, Jasna -- Jerina, Klemen -- Kluth, Gesa -- Knauer, Felix -- Kojola, Ilpo -- Kos, Ivan -- Krofel, Miha -- Kubala, Jakub -- Kunovac, Sasa -- Kusak, Josip -- Kutal, Miroslav -- Liberg, Olof -- Majic, Aleksandra -- Mannil, Peep -- Manz, Ralph -- Marboutin, Eric -- Marucco, Francesca -- Melovski, Dime -- Mersini, Kujtim -- Mertzanis, Yorgos -- Myslajek, Robert W -- Nowak, Sabina -- Odden, John -- Ozolins, Janis -- Palomero, Guillermo -- Paunovic, Milan -- Persson, Jens -- Potocnik, Hubert -- Quenette, Pierre-Yves -- Rauer, Georg -- Reinhardt, Ilka -- Rigg, Robin -- Ryser, Andreas -- Salvatori, Valeria -- Skrbinsek, Tomaz -- Stojanov, Aleksandar -- Swenson, Jon E -- Szemethy, Laszlo -- Trajce, Aleksander -- Tsingarska-Sedefcheva, Elena -- Vana, Martin -- Veeroja, Rauno -- Wabakken, Petter -- Wolfl, Manfred -- Wolfl, Sybille -- Zimmermann, Fridolin -- Zlatanova, Diana -- Boitani, Luigi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 19;346(6216):1517-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1257553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Grimso Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. gchapron@carnivoreconservation.org guillaume.chapron@slu.se. ; Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria. ; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Post Office Box 5685 Sluppen, 7485 Trondheim, Norway. ; KORA, Thunstrasse 31, 3074 Muri bei Bern, Switzerland. ; Biology Department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ; Grimso Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. ; Grimso Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Spain. ; State Nature Conservancy of Slovak Republic, Tajovskeho 28B, 974 01 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia. ; CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal. ; Harz Nationalpark, Lindenallee 35, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany. ; Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. ; Association for Nature Conservation "Baltijos vilkas," Visoriu 6A-54, 08300 Vilnius, Lithuania. ; Slovak Wildlife Society, Post Office Box 72, 03301 Liptovsky Hradok, Slovakia. ; Biology Department of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Boulevard Zog I, Tirana, Albania. ; Wolf Project, Consultores en Biologia de la Conservacion, Calle Manuela Malasana 24, 28004 Madrid, Spain. ; KORA, Thunstrasse 31, 3074 Muri bei Bern, Switzerland. Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Langgassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. ; Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic. ; Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania, Jaksto 4/9, 01105 Vilnius, Lithuania. ; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Viale dell'Universita 32, 00185 Roma, Italy. ; Balkani Wildlife Society, Boulevard Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. ; Lynx Project Austria Northwest, Linzerstrasse 14, 4170 Haslach/Muhl, Austria. ; Nationalpark Kalkalpen, Nationalpark Zentrum Molln, Nationalpark Allee 1, 4591 Molln, Austria. ; Provincia Autonoma di Trento - Servizio Foreste e Fauna, Via Trener no. 3, 38100 Trento, Italy. ; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland. ; Protection and Preservation of Natural Environment in Albania, Rruga Vangjush Furxhi 16/1/10, Tirana, Albania. ; Callisto Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society, Mitropoleos 123, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece. ; Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Department of Silviculture, Transilvania University, 1 Beethoven Lane, 500123 Brasov, Romania. Forest Research Institute (ICAS) Bulevardul Eroilor Number 128, Voluntari, Ilfov, 077190 Romania. ; State Institute for Nature Protection, Trg Mazuranica 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. ; LUPUS - German Institute for Wolf Mnitoring and Research, Dorfstrasse 20, 02979 Spreewitz, Germany. ; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Oulu Game and Fisheries Research, Tutkijantie 2E, 90570 Oulu, Finland. ; Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University of Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 20, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia. ; Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ; Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic. Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Olomouc Branch, Dolni Namesti 38, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Estonian Environment Agency, Roomu tee 2, 51013 Tartu, Estonia. ; Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, ZI Mayencin, 5 Allee de Bethleem, 38610 Gieres, France. ; Centro Gestione e Conservazione Grandi Carnivori, Piazza Regina Elena 30, Valdieri 12010, Italy. ; Macedonian Ecological Society, Arhimedova 5, Skopje 1000, FYR Macedonia. Department of Wildlife Sciences, Georg-August University, Busgenweg 3, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; National Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Rruga Aleksander Moisiu 10 Tirana, Albania. ; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland. ; Association for Nature "Wolf," Twardorzeczka 229, 34-324 Lipowa, Poland. ; Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava," Rigas Iela 111, Salaspils, 2169 Latvia. ; Fundacion Oso Pardo, Calle San Luis 17, 4 degrees A, 39010 Santander, Spain. ; Natural History Museum, Njegoseva 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. ; ONCFS-CNERA PAD, Equipe Ours, Chef de Projet, Impasse de la Chapelle, 31800 Villeneuve de Riviere, France. ; Istituto di Ecologia Applicata, Via B. Eustachio 10, 00161 Rome, Italy. ; Macedonian Ecological Society, Arhimedova 5, Skopje 1000, FYR Macedonia. ; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Post Office Box 5685 Sluppen, 7485 Trondheim, Norway. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, 1432 As, Norway. ; St. Istvan Unversity Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Pater Karoly 1, 2103 Godollo, Hungary. ; Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Olomouc Branch, Dolni Namesti 38, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Hedmark University College, Evenstad, 2480 Koppang, Norway. ; Bavarian Agency of Environment, Hans-Hogn-Strasse 12, 95030 Hof/Saale, Germany. ; Lynx Project Bavaria, Trailling 1a, 93462 Lam, Germany. ; Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology/Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski," Boulevard Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Pollinators are fundamental to maintaining both biodiversity and agricultural productivity, but habitat destruction, loss of flower resources, and increased use of pesticides are causing declines in their abundance and diversity. Using historical records, we assessed the rate of extinction of bee and flower-visiting wasp species in Britain from the mid-19th century to the present. The most rapid phase of extinction appears to be related to changes in agricultural policy and practice beginning in the 1920s, before the agricultural intensification prompted by the Second World War, often cited as the most important driver of biodiversity loss in Britain. Slowing of the extinction rate from the 1960s onward may be due to prior loss of the most sensitive species and/or effective conservation programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ollerton, Jeff -- Erenler, Hilary -- Edwards, Mike -- Crockett, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1360-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1257259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK. jeff.ollerton@northampton.ac.uk. ; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK. ; Lea-Side, Carron Lane, Midhurst GU29 9LB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wals, Arjen E J -- Brody, Michael -- Dillon, Justin -- Stevenson, Robert B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):583-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 2802, doi:10.1038/srep02802.

Description: It is usually assumed that metabolic constraints restrict deep-sea corals to cold-water habitats, with ‘deep-sea’ and ‘cold-water’ corals often used as synonymous. Here we report on the first measurements of biological characters of deep-sea corals from the central Red Sea, where they occur at temperatures exceeding 20°C in highly oligotrophic and oxygen-limited waters. Low respiration rates, low calcification rates, and minimized tissue cover indicate that a reduced metabolism is one of the key adaptations to prevailing environmental conditions. We investigated four sites and encountered six species of which at least two appear to be undescribed. One species is previously reported from the Red Sea but occurs in deep cold waters outside the Red Sea raising interesting questions about presumed environmental constraints for other deep-sea corals. Our findings suggest that the present understanding of deep-sea coral persistence and resilience needs to be revisited.

Description: Tropical forests continue to be felled and fragmented around the world. A key question is how rapidly species disappear from forest fragments and how quickly humans must restore forest connectivity to minimize extinctions. We surveyed small mammals on forest islands in Chiew Larn Reservoir in Thailand 5 to 7 and 25 to 26 years after isolation and observed the near-total loss of native small mammals within 5 years from 〈10-hectare (ha) fragments and within 25 years from 10- to 56-ha fragments. Based on our results, we developed an island biogeographic model and estimated mean extinction half-life (50% of resident species disappearing) to be 13.9 years. These catastrophic extinctions were probably partly driven by an invasive rat species; such biotic invasions are becoming increasingly common in human-modified landscapes. Our results are thus particularly relevant to other fragmented forest landscapes and suggest that small fragments are potentially even more vulnerable to biodiversity loss than previously thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Luke -- Lynam, Antony J -- Bradshaw, Corey J A -- He, Fangliang -- Bickford, David P -- Woodruff, David S -- Bumrungsri, Sara -- Laurance, William F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1508-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1240495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore. lggibson@nus.edu.sg〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, Pallava -- Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):539-40. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):482-3. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6145.482-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Scientists have long predicted large-scale responses of infectious diseases to climate change, giving rise to a polarizing debate, especially concerning human pathogens for which socioeconomic drivers and control measures can limit the detection of climate-mediated changes. Climate change has already increased the occurrence of diseases in some natural and agricultural systems, but in many cases, outcomes depend on the form of climate change and details of the host-pathogen system. In this review, we highlight research progress and gaps that have emerged during the past decade and develop a predictive framework that integrates knowledge from ecophysiology and community ecology with modeling approaches. Future work must continue to anticipate and monitor pathogen biodiversity and disease trends in natural ecosystems and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of climate-driven disease emergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altizer, Sonia -- Ostfeld, Richard S -- Johnson, Pieter T J -- Kutz, Susan -- Harvell, C Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):514-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. saltizer@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Although invasive plant species often reduce diversity, they rarely cause plant extinctions. We surveyed paired invaded and uninvaded plant communities from three biomes. We reconcile the discrepancy in diversity loss from invaders by showing that invaded communities have lower local richness but steeper species accumulation with area than that of uninvaded communities, leading to proportionately fewer species loss at broader spatial scales. We show that invaders drive scale-dependent biodiversity loss through strong neutral sampling effects on the number of individuals in a community. We also show that nonneutral species extirpations are due to a proportionately larger effect of invaders on common species, suggesting that rare species are buffered against extinction. Our study provides a synthetic perspective on the threat of invasions to biodiversity loss across spatial scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Powell, Kristin I -- Chase, Jonathan M -- Knight, Tiffany M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):316-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1226817.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. kipowell@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alava, Juan Jose -- Calle, Nastenka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):931-2. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6161.931-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Landscapes generate a wide range of valuable ecosystem services, yet land-use decisions often ignore the value of these services. Using the example of the United Kingdom, we show the significance of land-use change not only for agricultural production but also for emissions and sequestration of greenhouse gases, open-access recreational visits, urban green space, and wild-species diversity. We use spatially explicit models in conjunction with valuation methods to estimate comparable economic values for these services, taking account of climate change impacts. We show that, although decisions that focus solely on agriculture reduce overall ecosystem service values, highly significant value increases can be obtained from targeted planning by incorporating all potential services and their values and that this approach also conserves wild-species diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bateman, Ian J -- Harwood, Amii R -- Mace, Georgina M -- Watson, Robert T -- Abson, David J -- Andrews, Barnaby -- Binner, Amy -- Crowe, Andrew -- Day, Brett H -- Dugdale, Steve -- Fezzi, Carlo -- Foden, Jo -- Hadley, David -- Haines-Young, Roy -- Hulme, Mark -- Kontoleon, Andreas -- Lovett, Andrew A -- Munday, Paul -- Pascual, Unai -- Paterson, James -- Perino, Grischa -- Sen, Antara -- Siriwardena, Gavin -- van Soest, Daan -- Termansen, Mette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):45-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1234379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. i.bateman@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haig, Susan M -- Martin, Thomas E -- van Riper, Charles 3rd -- Beard, T Douglas Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):215. doi: 10.1126/science.1242710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: In the Arctic, under-ice primary production is limited to summer months and is restricted not only by ice thickness and snow cover but also by the stratification of the water column, which constrains nutrient supply for algal growth. Research Vessel Polarstern visited the ice-covered eastern-central basins between 82 degrees to 89 degrees N and 30 degrees to 130 degrees E in summer 2012, when Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. During this cruise, we observed a widespread deposition of ice algal biomass of on average 9 grams of carbon per square meter to the deep-sea floor of the central Arctic basins. Data from this cruise will contribute to assessing the effect of current climate change on Arctic productivity, biodiversity, and ecological function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boetius, Antje -- Albrecht, Sebastian -- Bakker, Karel -- Bienhold, Christina -- Felden, Janine -- Fernandez-Mendez, Mar -- Hendricks, Stefan -- Katlein, Christian -- Lalande, Catherine -- Krumpen, Thomas -- Nicolaus, Marcel -- Peeken, Ilka -- Rabe, Benjamin -- Rogacheva, Antonina -- Rybakova, Elena -- Somavilla, Raquel -- Wenzhofer, Frank -- RV Polarstern ARK27-3-Shipboard Science Party -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1430-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1231346. Epub 2013 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. antje.boetius@awi.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bornatowski, Hugo -- Braga, Raul Renno -- Vitule, Jean Ricardo Simoes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):923. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6135.923-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1164-5. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6163.1164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 10;337(6095):636-8. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6095.636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22879478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardelus, Catherine L -- Lowman, Margaret D -- Eshete, Alemaheyu Wassie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):915, 917. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6071.915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacob, Nitya P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1588-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1213692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA 30054, USA. njacob@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Running, Steven W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1458-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. swr@ntsg.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, Courtney -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):648-50. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6069.648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascom-Slack, Carol A -- Arnold, A Elizabeth -- Strobel, Scott A -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):485-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1215227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The assumption that climatic niche requirements of invasive species are conserved between their native and invaded ranges is key to predicting the risk of invasion. However, this assumption has been challenged recently by evidence of niche shifts in some species. Here, we report the first large-scale test of niche conservatism for 50 terrestrial plant invaders between Eurasia, North America, and Australia. We show that when analog climates are compared between regions, fewer than 15% of species have more than 10% of their invaded distribution outside their native climatic niche. These findings reveal that substantial niche shifts are rare in terrestrial plant invaders, providing support for an appropriate use of ecological niche models for the prediction of both biological invasions and responses to climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petitpierre, Blaise -- Kueffer, Christoph -- Broennimann, Olivier -- Randin, Christophe -- Daehler, Curtis -- Guisan, Antoine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1344-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215933.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Marine bacteria influence Earth's environmental dynamics in fundamental ways by controlling the biogeochemistry and productivity of the oceans. These large-scale consequences result from the combined effect of countless interactions occurring at the level of the individual cells. At these small scales, the ocean is surprisingly heterogeneous, and microbes experience an environment of pervasive and dynamic chemical and physical gradients. Many species actively exploit this heterogeneity, while others rely on gradient-independent adaptations. This is an exciting time to explore this frontier of oceanography, but understanding microbial behavior and competition in the context of the water column's microarchitecture calls for new ecological frameworks, such as a microbial optimal foraging theory, to determine the relevant trade-offs and global consequences of microbial life in a sea of gradients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stocker, Roman -- 1R01GM100473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):628-33. doi: 10.1126/science.1208929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 49-213, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. romans@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veitch, Liane -- Dulvy, Nicholas K -- Koldewey, Heather -- Lieberman, Susan -- Pauly, Daniel -- Roberts, Callum M -- Rogers, Alex D -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1383-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1223009.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. liane.veitch@zsl.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erskine, P -- van der Ent, A -- Fletcher, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 7;337(6099):1172-3. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6099.1172-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The loss of interactions from mutualistic networks could foreshadow both plant and animal species extinctions. Yet, the characteristics of interactions that predispose them to disruption are largely unknown. We analyzed 12 pollination webs from isolated hills ("sierras"), in Argentina, ranging from tens to thousands of hectares. We found evidence of nonrandom loss of interactions with decreasing sierra size. Low interaction frequency and high specialization between interacting partners contributed additively to increase the vulnerability of interactions to disruption. Interactions between generalists in the largest sierras were ubiquitous across sierras, but many of them lost their central structural role in the smallest sierras. Thus, particular configurations of interaction networks, along with unique ecological relations and evolutionary pathways, could be lost forever after habitat reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aizen, Marcelo A -- Sabatino, Malena -- Tylianakis, Jason M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1486-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1215320.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorio Ecotono-Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche (CRUB), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. maizen@comahue-conicet.gob.ar〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, S M -- Kolding, J -- Rice, J -- Rochet, M-J -- Zhou, S -- Arimoto, T -- Beyer, J E -- Borges, L -- Bundy, A -- Dunn, D -- Fulton, E A -- Hall, M -- Heino, M -- Law, R -- Makino, M -- Rijnsdorp, A D -- Simard, F -- Smith, A D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1045-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1214594.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commission on Ecosystem Management, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN-CEM), Fisheries Expert Group, Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Excessive nutrient loading is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide that leads to profound changes in aquatic biodiversity and biogeochemical processes. Systematic quantitative assessment of functional ecosystem measures for river networks is, however, lacking, especially at continental scales. Here, we narrow this gap by means of a pan-European field experiment on a fundamental ecosystem process--leaf-litter breakdown--in 100 streams across a greater than 1000-fold nutrient gradient. Dramatically slowed breakdown at both extremes of the gradient indicated strong nutrient limitation in unaffected systems, potential for strong stimulation in moderately altered systems, and inhibition in highly polluted streams. This large-scale response pattern emphasizes the need to complement established structural approaches (such as water chemistry, hydrogeomorphology, and biological diversity metrics) with functional measures (such as litter-breakdown rate, whole-system metabolism, and nutrient spiraling) for assessing ecosystem health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodward, Guy -- Gessner, Mark O -- Giller, Paul S -- Gulis, Vladislav -- Hladyz, Sally -- Lecerf, Antoine -- Malmqvist, Bjorn -- McKie, Brendan G -- Tiegs, Scott D -- Cariss, Helen -- Dobson, Mike -- Elosegi, Arturo -- Ferreira, Veronica -- Graca, Manuel A S -- Fleituch, Tadeusz -- Lacoursiere, Jean O -- Nistorescu, Marius -- Pozo, Jesus -- Risnoveanu, Geta -- Schindler, Markus -- Vadineanu, Angheluta -- Vought, Lena B-M -- Chauvet, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1438-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1219534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Enterprise Centre, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. g.woodward@qmul.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Humans create vast quantities of wastewater through inefficiencies and poor management of water systems. The wasting of water poses sustainability challenges, depletes energy reserves, and undermines human water security and ecosystem health. Here we review emerging approaches for reusing wastewater and minimizing its generation. These complementary options make the most of scarce freshwater resources, serve the varying water needs of both developed and developing countries, and confer a variety of environmental benefits. Their widespread adoption will require changing how freshwater is sourced, used, managed, and priced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Stanley B -- Saphores, Jean-Daniel -- Feldman, David L -- Hamilton, Andrew J -- Fletcher, Tim D -- Cook, Perran L M -- Stewardson, Michael -- Sanders, Brett F -- Levin, Lisa A -- Ambrose, Richard F -- Deletic, Ana -- Brown, Rebekah -- Jiang, Sunny C -- Rosso, Diego -- Cooper, William J -- Marusic, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 10;337(6095):681-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1216852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, E4130 Engineering Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA. sbgrant@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22879506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The human-microbial ecosystem plays a variety of important roles in human health and disease. Each person can be viewed as an island-like "patch" of habitat occupied by microbial assemblages formed by the fundamental processes of community ecology: dispersal, local diversification, environmental selection, and ecological drift. Community assembly theory, and metacommunity theory in particular, provides a framework for understanding the ecological dynamics of the human microbiome, such as compositional variability within and between hosts. We explore three core scenarios of human microbiome assembly: development in infants, representing assembly in previously unoccupied habitats; recovery from antibiotics, representing assembly after disturbance; and invasion by pathogens, representing assembly in the context of invasive species. Judicious application of ecological theory may lead to improved strategies for restoring and maintaining the microbiota and the crucial health-associated ecosystem services that it provides.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4208626/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4208626/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costello, Elizabeth K -- Stagaman, Keaton -- Dethlefsen, Les -- Bohannan, Brendan J M -- Relman, David A -- DP1 OD000964/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000964/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD011116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01GM095385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007413/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1255-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1224203. Epub 2012 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Understanding species' interactions and the robustness of interaction networks to species loss is essential to understand the effects of species' declines and extinctions. In most studies, different types of networks (such as food webs, parasitoid webs, seed dispersal networks, and pollination networks) have been studied separately. We sampled such multiple networks simultaneously in an agroecosystem. We show that the networks varied in their robustness; networks including pollinators appeared to be particularly fragile. We show that, overall, networks did not strongly covary in their robustness, which suggests that ecological restoration (for example, through agri-environment schemes) benefitting one functional group will not inevitably benefit others. Some individual plant species were disproportionately well linked to many other species. This type of information can be used in restoration management, because it identifies the plant taxa that can potentially lead to disproportionate gains in biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pocock, Michael J O -- Evans, Darren M -- Memmott, Jane -- BBD0156341/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):973-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1214915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. michael.pocock@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.

Description: Published

Description: 173-177

Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti

Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale

Description: JCR Journal

Description: restricted

Description: Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Estes, James A -- Terborgh, John -- Brashares, Justin S -- Power, Mary E -- Berger, Joel -- Bond, William J -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Essington, Timothy E -- Holt, Robert D -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Marquis, Robert J -- Oksanen, Lauri -- Oksanen, Tarja -- Paine, Robert T -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Ripple, William J -- Sandin, Stuart A -- Scheffer, Marten -- Schoener, Thomas W -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- Soule, Michael E -- Virtanen, Risto -- Wardle, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. jestes@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, Michael T -- Schoeman, David S -- Buckley, Lauren B -- Moore, Pippa -- Poloczanska, Elvira S -- Brander, Keith M -- Brown, Chris -- Bruno, John F -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Holding, Johnna -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- O'Connor, Mary I -- Pandolfi, John M -- Parmesan, Camille -- Schwing, Franklin B -- Sydeman, William J -- Richardson, Anthony J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):652-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1210288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK. michael.burrows@sams.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual mass bleaching events, carbonate dissolution, and insufficient time for substantial evolutionary responses. Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest. Reducing uncertainty in projecting coral reef futures requires improved understanding of past responses to rapid climate change; physiological responses to interacting factors, such as temperature, acidification, and nutrients; and the costs and constraints imposed by acclimation and adaptation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, John M -- Connolly, Sean R -- Marshall, Dustin J -- Cohen, Anne L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):418-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1204794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Juma, Calestous -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1323. doi: 10.1126/science.1217148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Savannas worldwide are vital for both socioeconomic and biodiversity values. In these ecosystems, management decisions are based on the perception that wildlife and livestock compete for food, yet there are virtually no experimental data to support this assumption. We examined the effects of wild African ungulates on cattle performance, food intake, and diet quality. Wild ungulates depressed cattle food intake and performance during the dry season (competition) but enhanced cattle diet quality and performance during the wet season (facilitation). These results extend our understanding of the context-dependent-competition-facilitation balance, in general, and are critical for better understanding and managing wildlife-livestock coexistence in human-occupied savanna landscapes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odadi, Wilfred O -- Karachi, Moses K -- Abdulrazak, Shaukat A -- Young, Truman P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1753-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1208468.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. woodadi@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Luke -- Sodhi, Navjot S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1137. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6021.1137-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vince, Gaia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1383-4. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):686. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6043.686.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grumbine, R Edward -- Xu, Jianchu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):178-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1200990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China. ed.grumbine@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the -¾ power. This result indicates "production equivalence," where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3236646/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3236646/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hechinger, Ryan F -- Lafferty, Kevin D -- Dobson, Andy P -- Brown, James H -- Kuris, Armand M -- P20 RR018754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR018754-07/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):445-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1204337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Science Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Low-trophic level species account for more than 30% of global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still achieving 80% of MSY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Anthony D M -- Brown, Christopher J -- Bulman, Catherine M -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Johnson, Penny -- Kaplan, Isaac C -- Lozano-Montes, Hector -- Mackinson, Steven -- Marzloff, Martin -- Shannon, Lynne J -- Shin, Yunne-Jai -- Tam, Jorge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1209395. Epub 2011 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. tony.d.smith@csiro.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lambertini, Marco -- Leape, Jim -- Marton-Lefevre, Julia -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Rose, Mark -- Robinson, John G -- Stuart, Simon N -- Waldman, Bill -- Genovesi, Piero -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):404-5. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6041.404-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1139. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6034.1139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buyx, Alena -- Tait, Joyce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):540-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1206064. Epub 2011 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London WC1B 3JS, UK. abuyx@nuffieldbioethics.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21487119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The end-Triassic mass extinction (~201.4 million years ago), marked by terrestrial ecosystem turnover and up to ~50% loss in marine biodiversity, has been attributed to intensified volcanic activity during the break-up of Pangaea. Here, we present compound-specific carbon-isotope data of long-chain n-alkanes derived from waxes of land plants, showing a ~8.5 per mil negative excursion, coincident with the extinction interval. These data indicate strong carbon-13 depletion of the end-Triassic atmosphere, within only 10,000 to 20,000 years. The magnitude and rate of this carbon-cycle disruption can be explained by the injection of at least ~12 x 10(3) gigatons of isotopically depleted carbon as methane into the atmosphere. Concurrent vegetation changes reflect strong warming and an enhanced hydrological cycle. Hence, end-Triassic events are robustly linked to methane-derived massive carbon release and associated climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruhl, Micha -- Bonis, Nina R -- Reichart, Gert-Jan -- Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S -- Kurschner, Wolfram M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):430-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1204255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD, Utrecht, Netherlands. micharuhl@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Kroshko, Jeanette -- Leader-Williams, Nigel -- Mason, Georgia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1149-50; author reply 1150-1. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6034.1149-k.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bird, Winifred -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1385. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉du Toit, Johan T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1710-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1212452.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. johan.dutoit@usu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Koh, Lian Pin -- Lee, Tien Ming -- Liu, Jianguo -- Ramakrishnan, P S -- Yu, Douglas W -- Zhang, Ya-ping -- Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1457, 1459. doi: 10.1126/science.1185164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulze, E Detlef -- Schulze, Inge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):957. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5968.957-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):910-1. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6006.910.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peh, Kelvin S-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1228-9. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5983.1228-d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):418-20. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5977.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):519. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Marx and Uhen (Reports, 19 February 2010, p. 993) suggested that correlated diversity changes in the fossil record of whales and diatoms reflects secular evolutionary signals of underlying ecological drivers. We question the meaning of this association and outline avenues for more complete testing of correlations between productivity and marine consumers through geologic time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pyenson, Nicholas D -- Irmis, Randall B -- Lipps, Jere H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):178; author reply 178. doi: 10.1126/science.1189866.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. pyensonn@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 19;330(6007):1029. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6007.1029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, Patrick A -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Wright, S Joseph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):30. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5961.30-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehmann, Caroline E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):642-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.642-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The human microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms, including prokaryotes, viruses, and microbial eukaryotes, that populate the human body. The National Institutes of Health launched an initiative that focuses on describing the diversity of microbial species that are associated with health and disease. The first phase of this initiative includes the sequencing of hundreds of microbial reference genomes, coupled to metagenomic sequencing from multiple body sites. Here we present results from an initial reference genome sequencing of 178 microbial genomes. From 547,968 predicted polypeptides that correspond to the gene complement of these strains, previously unidentified ("novel") polypeptides that had both unmasked sequence length greater than 100 amino acids and no BLASTP match to any nonreference entry in the nonredundant subset were defined. This analysis resulted in a set of 30,867 polypeptides, of which 29,987 (approximately 97%) were unique. In addition, this set of microbial genomes allows for approximately 40% of random sequences from the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract to be associated with organisms based on the match criteria used. Insights into pan-genome analysis suggest that we are still far from saturating microbial species genetic data sets. In addition, the associated metrics and standards used by our group for quality assurance are presented.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940224/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940224/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Human Microbiome Jumpstart Reference Strains Consortium -- Nelson, Karen E -- Weinstock, George M -- Highlander, Sarah K -- Worley, Kim C -- Creasy, Heather Huot -- Wortman, Jennifer Russo -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Sodergren, Erica -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feldgarden, Michael -- Gevers, Dirk -- Haas, Brian J -- Madupu, Ramana -- Ward, Doyle V -- Birren, Bruce W -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Methe, Barbara -- Petrosino, Joseph F -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Sutton, Granger G -- White, Owen R -- Wilson, Richard K -- Durkin, Scott -- Giglio, Michelle Gwinn -- Gujja, Sharvari -- Howarth, Clint -- Kodira, Chinnappa D -- Kyrpides, Nikos -- Mehta, Teena -- Muzny, Donna M -- Pearson, Matthew -- Pepin, Kymberlie -- Pati, Amrita -- Qin, Xiang -- Yandava, Chandri -- Zeng, Qiandong -- Zhang, Lan -- Berlin, Aaron M -- Chen, Lei -- Hepburn, Theresa A -- Johnson, Justin -- McCorrison, Jamison -- Miller, Jason -- Minx, Pat -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Russ, Carsten -- Sykes, Sean M -- Tomlinson, Chad M -- Young, Sarah -- Warren, Wesley C -- Badger, Jonathan -- Crabtree, Jonathan -- Markowitz, Victor M -- Orvis, Joshua -- Cree, Andrew -- Ferriera, Steve -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Fulton, Robert S -- Gillis, Marcus -- Hemphill, Lisa D -- Joshi, Vandita -- Kovar, Christie -- Torralba, Manolito -- Wetterstrand, Kris A -- Abouellleil, Amr -- Wollam, Aye M -- Buhay, Christian J -- Ding, Yan -- Dugan, Shannon -- FitzGerald, Michael G -- Holder, Mike -- Hostetler, Jessica -- Clifton, Sandra W -- Allen-Vercoe, Emma -- Earl, Ashlee M -- Farmer, Candace N -- Liolios, Konstantinos -- Surette, Michael G -- Xu, Qiang -- Pohl, Craig -- Wilczek-Boney, Katarzyna -- Zhu, Dianhui -- HHSN272200900017C/PHS HHS/ -- N01 AI30071/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-04S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004973/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004973-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004973-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-AI084844/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG004968/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG004969/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG004973/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):994-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1183605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrett, Meredith A -- Brown, Jason L -- Morikawa, Megan K -- Labat, Jean-Noel -- Yoder, Anne D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1109-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1187740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. meredith.barrett@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leu, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1479-80; author reply 1480-1. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1479-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, M A -- Bernhardt, E S -- Schlesinger, W H -- Eshleman, K N -- Foufoula-Georgiou, E -- Hendryx, M S -- Lemly, A D -- Likens, G E -- Loucks, O L -- Power, M E -- White, P S -- Wilcock, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):148-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Modern cetaceans, a poster child of evolution, play an important role in the ocean ecosystem as apex predators and nutrient distributors, as well as evolutionary "stepping stones" for the deep sea biota. Recent discussions on the impact of climate change and marine exploitation on current cetacean populations may benefit from insights into what factors have influenced cetacean diversity in the past. Previous studies suggested that the rise of diatoms as dominant marine primary producers and global temperature change were key factors in the evolution of modern whales. Based on a comprehensive diversity data set, we show that much of observed cetacean paleodiversity can indeed be explained by diatom diversity in conjunction with variations in climate as indicated by oxygen stable isotope records (delta18O).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Felix G -- Uhen, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):993-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185581.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Walk, Post Office Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand. f.g.marx@bristol.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: From bacteria to fish, a remarkable variety of marine life depends on bioluminescence (the chemical generation of light) for finding food, attracting mates, and evading predators. Disparate biochemical systems and diverse phylogenetic distribution patterns of light-emitting organisms highlight the ecological benefits of bioluminescence, with biochemical and genetic analyses providing new insights into the mechanisms of its evolution. The origins and functions of some bioluminescent systems, however, remain obscure. Here, I review recent advances in understanding bioluminescence in the ocean and highlight future research efforts that will unite molecular details with ecological and evolutionary relationships.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Widder, E A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):704-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1174269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Research and Conservation Association, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA. ewidder@teamorca.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Metzger, Jean Paul -- Lewinsohn, Thomas M -- Joly, Carlos A -- Verdade, Luciano M -- Martinelli, Luiz Antonio -- Rodrigues, Ricardo R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5989.276-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Marine ecosystems are centrally important to the biology of the planet, yet a comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic climate change is affecting them has been poorly developed. Recent studies indicate that rapidly rising greenhouse gas concentrations are driving ocean systems toward conditions not seen for millions of years, with an associated risk of fundamental and irreversible ecological transformation. The impacts of anthropogenic climate change so far include decreased ocean productivity, altered food web dynamics, reduced abundance of habitat-forming species, shifting species distributions, and a greater incidence of disease. Although there is considerable uncertainty about the spatial and temporal details, climate change is clearly and fundamentally altering ocean ecosystems. Further change will continue to create enormous challenges and costs for societies worldwide, particularly those in developing countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- Bruno, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1523-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1189930.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean and Coasts Program, Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. oveh@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavin, Lionel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):968-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1186904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Geneva, Switzerland. lionel.cavin@ville-ge.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) may curb carbon emissions, but the consequences for fire hazard are poorly understood. By analyzing satellite-derived deforestation and fire data from the Brazilian Amazon, we show that fire occurrence has increased in 59% of the area that has experienced reduced deforestation rates. Differences in fire frequencies across two land-use gradients reveal that fire-free land-management can substantially reduce fire incidence by as much as 69%. If sustainable fire-free land-management of deforested areas is not adopted in the REDD mechanism, then the carbon savings achieved by avoiding deforestation may be partially negated by increased emissions from fires.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Shimabukuro, Yosio E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1186925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Landscape and Ecosystems Dynamics Group, School of Geography, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK. l.aragao@exeter.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3 degrees to 5 degrees C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event. We investigated the tropical forest response to this rapid warming by evaluating the palynological record of three stratigraphic sections in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. We observed a rapid and distinct increase in plant diversity and origination rates, with a set of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora. There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainforest was able to persist under elevated temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropical ecosystems were severely compromised by heat stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Carlos -- Ochoa, Diana -- Contreras, Lineth -- Pagani, Mark -- Carvajal-Ortiz, Humberto -- Pratt, Lisa M -- Krishnan, Srinath -- Cardona, Agustin -- Romero, Millerlandy -- Quiroz, Luis -- Rodriguez, Guillermo -- Rueda, Milton J -- de la Parra, Felipe -- Moron, Sara -- Green, Walton -- Bayona, German -- Montes, Camilo -- Quintero, Oscar -- Ramirez, Rafael -- Mora, German -- Schouten, Stefan -- Bermudez, Hermann -- Navarrete, Rosa -- Parra, Francisco -- Alvaran, Mauricio -- Osorno, Jose -- Crowley, James L -- Valencia, Victor -- Vervoort, Jeff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):957-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1193833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama. jaramilloc@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):940-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5968.940.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Church, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1453. doi: 10.1126/science.1192996.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉