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  • 1
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    The impact of North Atlantic sea surface temperature errors on the simulation of North Atlantic European region climate (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Current state-of-the-art climate models fail to capture accurately the path of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current. This leads to a warm bias near the North American coast, where the modelled Gulf Stream separates from the coast further north, and a cold anomaly to the east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, where the North Atlantic Current remains too zonal in this region. Using an atmosphere-only model forced with the sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the North Atlantic, we consider the impact they have on the mean state and the variability in the North Atlantic European region in winter. Our results show that the SST errors produce a mean sea-level pressure response that is similar in magnitude and pattern to the atmospheric circulation errors in the coupled climate model. The work also suggests that errors in the coupled model storm tracks and North Atlantic Oscillation, compared to reanalysis data, can also be explained partly by these SST errors. Our results suggest that both the error in the Gulf Stream separation location and the path of the North Atlantic Current around the Grand Banks play important roles in affecting the atmospheric circulation. Reducing these coupled model errors could improve significantly the representation of the large-scale atmospheric circulation of the North Atlantic and European region. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    An empirically validated method for characterizing pelagic habitats in the Gulf of Mexico using ocean model data (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Mesoscale oceanic features such as eddies generate considerable environmental heterogeneity within the pelagic oceans, but their transient nature makes it difficult to identify both their spatial and temporal extent and their effects on the distribution of pelagic fauna. Simplifying these complex features using a biologically meaningful classification system will likely be a useful first step in understanding the extent of their influence in structuring open‐ocean ecosystems. In this study, we present a tool to classify the pelagic environment in the Gulf of Mexico using sea‐surface height and temperature‐at‐depth data from the 1/25° GOM HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Three “water types” were identified: Loop Current‐origin water (LCOW), Gulf common water (CW), and mixed (MIX) water, where the latter represents an intermediate state during the degradation of LCOW to CW. The HYCOM‐derived classifications were validated against in situ CTD data and microbial samples collected through 2015–2016 by the Deep Pelagic Nekton Dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico (DEEPEND) consortium. The validation data comprised classifications derived from both temperature‐depth (TD) and temperature‐salinity (TS) profiles and from microbial community analyses from the surface to mesopelagic depths. The HYCOM classifications produced an overall agreement rate of 77% with the TS/TD classifications, and 79% with the microbial classifications. With applicability across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, we believe that the system provides a useful, complementary tool for biological oceanographers and resource managers interested in better understanding the effects of major mesoscale features on the pelagic biota.
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5856
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 3
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    The impact of North Atlantic sea surface temperature errors on the simulation of North Atlantic European region climate (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-29
    Description: Current state-of-the-art climate models fail to capture accurately the path of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current. This leads to a warm bias near the North American coast, where the modelled Gulf Stream separates from the coast further north, and a cold anomaly to the east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, where the North Atlantic Current remains too zonal in this region. Using an atmosphere-only model forced with the sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the North Atlantic, we consider the impact they have on the mean state and the variability in the North Atlantic European region in winter. Our results show that the SST errors produce a mean sea-level pressure response that is similar in magnitude and pattern to the atmospheric circulation errors in the coupled climate model. The work also suggests that errors in the coupled model storm tracks and North Atlantic Oscillation, compared to reanalysis data, can also be explained partly by these SST errors. Our results suggest that both the error in the Gulf Stream separation location and the path of the North Atlantic Current around the Grand Banks play important roles in affecting the atmospheric circulation. Reducing these coupled model errors could improve significantly the representation of the large-scale atmospheric circulation of the North Atlantic and European region. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Environmental Worldview, Place Attachment, and Awareness of Environmental Impacts in a Marine Environment (2014)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: Place attachment provides insight on why and to what extent individuals value a particular setting. Most investigations involving place attachment and environmental attitudes have been conducted in terrestrial settings; little work has addressed proenvironmental behavior in marine settings. The purpose of the current investigation was to extend Stern et al.’s work, which indicates that individuals’ environmental worldviews (EWVs) influence their attitudes toward anthropogenic impacts on the environment. We hypothesized a model wherein place attachment partially mediates the relationship between recreational visitors’ EWV and their awareness of consequences of negative impacts on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. We then compared this model with competing models. Our results suggest that place attachment is a useful addition to studies that use Stern et al.’s value-belief-norm model.
    Print ISSN: 0013-9165
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-390X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
    Published by Sage
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  • 5
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    Initialized decadal predictions of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid 1990s (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-10
    Description: In the mid 1990s the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) warmed rapidly, with sea surface temperatures (SST) increasing by 1°C in just a few years. By examining initialized hindcasts made with the UK Met Office Decadal Prediction System (DePreSys), it is shown that the warming could have been predicted. Conversely, hindcasts that only consider changes in radiative forcings are not able to capture the rapid warming. Heat budget analysis shows that the success of the DePreSys hindcasts is due to the initialization of anomalously strong northward ocean heat transport. Furthermore, it is found that initializing a strong Atlantic circulation, and in particular a strong Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, is key for successful predictions. Finally, we show that DePreSys is able to predict significant changes in SST and other surface climate variables related to the North Atlantic warming.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Genes, Vol. 9, Pages 393: A High-Quality, Long-Read De Novo Genome Assembly to Aid Conservation of Hawaii’s Last Remaining Crow Species (2018)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-02
    Description: Genes, Vol. 9, Pages 393: A High-Quality, Long-Read De Novo Genome Assembly to Aid Conservation of Hawaii’s Last Remaining Crow Species Genes doi: 10.3390/genes9080393 Authors: Jolene T. Sutton Martin Helmkampf Cynthia C. Steiner M. Renee Bellinger Jonas Korlach Richard Hall Primo Baybayan Jill Muehling Jenny Gu Sarah Kingan Bryce M. Masuda Oliver A. Ryder Abstract: Genome-level data can provide researchers with unprecedented precision to examine the causes and genetic consequences of population declines, which can inform conservation management. Here, we present a high-quality, long-read, de novo genome assembly for one of the world’s most endangered bird species, the ʻAlalā (Corvus hawaiiensis; Hawaiian crow). As the only remaining native crow species in Hawaiʻi, the ʻAlalā survived solely in a captive-breeding program from 2002 until 2016, at which point a long-term reintroduction program was initiated. The high-quality genome assembly was generated to lay the foundation for both comparative genomics studies and the development of population-level genomic tools that will aid conservation and recovery efforts. We illustrate how the quality of this assembly places it amongst the very best avian genomes assembled to date, comparable to intensively studied model systems. We describe the genome architecture in terms of repetitive elements and runs of homozygosity, and we show that compared with more outbred species, the ʻAlalā genome is substantially more homozygous. We also provide annotations for a subset of immunity genes that are likely to be important in conservation management, and we discuss how this genome is currently being used as a roadmap for downstream conservation applications.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
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  • 7
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    Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: Recent extreme events such as the devastating 2003 European summer heat wave raise important questions about the possible causes of any underlying trends, or low-frequency variations, in regional climates. Here, we present new evidence that basin-scale changes in the Atlantic Ocean, probably related to the thermohaline circulation, have been an important driver of multidecadal variations in the summertime climate of both North America and western Europe. Our findings advance understanding of past climate changes and also have implications for decadal climate predictions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sutton, Rowan T -- Hodson, Daniel L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environment Research Council Centres for Atmospheric Science, Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Post Office Box 243, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, UK. r.sutton@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Molecular basis of adaptation to high soil boron in wheat landraces and elite cultivars (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: Environmental constraints severely restrict crop yields in most production environments, and expanding the use of variation will underpin future progress in breeding. In semi-arid environments boron toxicity constrains productivity, and genetic improvement is the only effective strategy for addressing the problem. Wheat breeders have sought and used available genetic diversity from landraces to maintain yield in these environments; however, the identity of the genes at the major tolerance loci was unknown. Here we describe the identification of near-identical, root-specific boron transporter genes underlying the two major-effect quantitative trait loci for boron tolerance in wheat, Bo1 and Bo4 (ref. 2). We show that tolerance to a high concentration of boron is associated with multiple genomic changes including tetraploid introgression, dispersed gene duplication, and variation in gene structure and transcript level. An allelic series was identified from a panel of bread and durum wheat cultivars and landraces originating from diverse agronomic zones. Our results demonstrate that, during selection, breeders have matched functionally different boron tolerance alleles to specific environments. The characterization of boron tolerance in wheat illustrates the power of the new wheat genomic resources to define key adaptive processes that have underpinned crop improvement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pallotta, Margaret -- Schnurbusch, Thorsten -- Hayes, Julie -- Hay, Alison -- Baumann, Ute -- Paull, Jeff -- Langridge, Peter -- Sutton, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 2;514(7520):88-91. doi: 10.1038/nature13538. Epub 2014 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia [2]. ; 1] Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia [2] Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank Department, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany [3]. ; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia. ; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*drug effects/genetics ; Alleles ; Boron/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Drug Tolerance ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Genes, Plant/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Roots/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Polyploidy ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; RNA, Plant/analysis/genetics ; Soil/*chemistry ; Triticum/classification/*drug effects/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Boron-toxicity tolerance in barley arising from efflux transporter amplification (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: Both limiting and toxic soil concentrations of the essential micronutrient boron represent major limitations to crop production worldwide. We identified Bot1, a BOR1 ortholog, as the gene responsible for the superior boron-toxicity tolerance of the Algerian barley landrace Sahara 3771 (Sahara). Bot1 was located at the tolerance locus by high-resolution mapping. Compared to intolerant genotypes, Sahara contains about four times as many Bot1 gene copies, produces substantially more Bot1 transcript, and encodes a Bot1 protein with a higher capacity to provide tolerance in yeast. Bot1 transcript levels identified in barley tissues are consistent with a role in limiting the net entry of boron into the root and in the disposal of boron from leaves via hydathode guttation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sutton, Tim -- Baumann, Ute -- Hayes, Julie -- Collins, Nicholas C -- Shi, Bu-Jun -- Schnurbusch, Thorsten -- Hay, Alison -- Mayo, Gwenda -- Pallotta, Margaret -- Tester, Mark -- Langridge, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1446-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Private Mail Bag 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia. tim.sutton@acpfg.com.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Boron/metabolism/*toxicity ; Boron Compounds/*metabolism/*toxicity ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Genes, Plant ; Hordeum/*drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Lectins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Roots/genetics/metabolism ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    A call for deep-ocean stewardship (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mengerink, Kathryn J -- Van Dover, Cindy L -- Ardron, Jeff -- Baker, Maria -- Escobar-Briones, Elva -- Gjerde, Kristina -- Koslow, J Anthony -- Ramirez-Llodra, Eva -- Lara-Lopez, Ana -- Squires, Dale -- Sutton, Tracey -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Levin, Lisa A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):696-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Law Institute, Washington, DC 20036, USA. Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. ; Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. ; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany. ; National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, ICML, Mexico. ; Wycliffe Management, 05510 Warsaw, Poland. ; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. ; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway. ; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. ; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Oceanographic Center, College of Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA. ; International Research Institute of Stavanger, Norway. ; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. llevin@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Minerals ; Mining ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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