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  • 1
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    Fecundity-survival trade-offs and parental risk-taking in birds (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: Life history theory predicts that parents should value their own survival over that of their offspring in species with a higher probability of adult survival and fewer offspring. We report that Southern Hemisphere birds have higher adult survival and smaller clutch sizes than Northern Hemisphere birds. We subsequently manipulated predation risk to adults versus offspring in 10 species that were paired between North and South America on the basis of phylogeny and ecology. As predicted, southern parents responded more strongly to reduce mortality risk to themselves even at a cost to their offspring, whereas northern parents responded more strongly to reduce risk to their offspring even at greater risk to themselves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghalambor, C K -- Martin, T E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Avian Studies Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. camerong@citrus.ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; Arizona ; Female ; *Fertility ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; *Paternal Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Risk ; *Songbirds/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The evolutionary causes of small clutch sizes in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions are poorly understood. Alexander Skutch proposed 50 years ago that higher nest predation in the south constrains the rate at which parent birds can deliver food to young and thereby constrains clutch size by limiting the number of young that parents can feed. This hypothesis for explaining differences in clutch size and parental behaviors between latitudes has remained untested. Here, a detailed study of bird species in Arizona and Argentina shows that Skutch's hypothesis explains clutch size variation within North and South America. However, neither Skutch's hypothesis nor two major alternatives explain differences between latitudes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, T E -- Martin, P R -- Olson, C R -- Heidinger, B J -- Fontaine, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1482-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. tmartin@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; Arizona ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Geography ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; North America ; Paternal Behavior ; Phylogeny ; *Predatory Behavior ; Songbirds/*physiology ; South America
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Support for a colleague (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alatalo, R V -- Aragon, S -- Aviles, J M -- Barbosa, A -- Gomes, C Bessa -- Cadee, N -- Christe, P -- Cuervo, J J -- Diaz, M -- Erritzoe, J -- Galeotti, P -- Garamszegi, L Z -- Gil, D -- Gontard-Danek, M -- Legendre, S -- Martin, T E -- Martinez, J -- Martin-Vivaldi, M -- Martinez, J G -- Merino, S -- Moreno, J -- Mousseau, Tim -- Ninni, P -- Petrie, M -- Pulido, F -- Rubolini, D -- Saino, N -- Soler, J J -- Soler, M -- Spottiswoode, C -- Szep, T -- Thornhill, R -- Zamora, C -- Sacchi, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1612.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecology ; Publishing ; *Scientific Misconduct
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecology. The cost of fear (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1353-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1216109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U. S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. tom.martin@umontana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fear ; Female ; Male ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Sparrows/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Pathways for conservation (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haig, Susan M -- Martin, Thomas E -- van Riper, Charles 3rd -- Beard, T Douglas Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):215. doi: 10.1126/science.1242710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Baltimore ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    LIFE HISTORY. Age-related mortality explains life history strategies of tropical and temperate songbirds (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Life history theory attempts to explain why species differ in offspring number and quality, growth rate, and parental effort. I show that unappreciated interactions of these traits in response to age-related mortality risk challenge traditional perspectives and explain life history evolution in songbirds. Counter to a long-standing paradigm, tropical songbirds grow at similar overall rates to temperate species but grow wings relatively faster. These growth tactics are favored by predation risk, both in and after leaving the nest, and are facilitated by greater provisioning of individual offspring by parents. Increased provisioning of individual offspring depends on partitioning effort among fewer young because of constraints on effort from adult and nest mortality. These growth and provisioning responses to mortality risk finally explain the conundrum of small clutch sizes of tropical birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):966-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Clutch Size ; Malaysia ; Mortality ; Nesting Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Songbirds/*growth & development/*physiology ; *Tropical Climate ; Venezuela ; Wings, Animal/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An in vitro Action of Human Growth Hormone in the Presence of Actinomycin D (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 684-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The general methods were those of Manchester and Young3 except that glucose was estimated by a glucose oxidase method11 and the amounts of radioactive carbon incorporated into protein and into nucleic acid were estimated by a method involving a combination of those used by Manchester12 and Wool13. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/208684a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food as a Limit on Breeding Birds: A Life-History Perspective (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 18 (1987), S. 453-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002321
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observed phosphorescence lifetimes and glass relaxation at 77.deg.K (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 72 (1968), S. 2265-2268 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100852a079
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural cytochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of nucleic acids and ribonucleoprotein distribution in nuclei of pig oocytes and early preimplantation embryos (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1996), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure of pig oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and early preimplantation embryos (one to four blastomeres) isolated at slaughter was investigated by cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The distribution of nucleic acids and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) in “compact nucleoli” [denominated nucleolus-like bodies (NLB) in oocytes and nucleolus precursor bodies (NPB) in early embryos] and in intranuclear bodies or granules was investigated by staining methods preferential for nuclear RNPs or using the osmium ammine or ethidium bromide-phosphotungstic acid (EB-PTA) reactions for nucleic acids. The distributions of the Sm antigen of nucleoplasmic small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs), the methyl-3 guanosine (m3G) cap of snRNAs and the splicing factor SC-35 were detected by immunoelectron microscopy using specific antibodies. The RNP nature of both NLBs and NPBs, and of nuclear granules in oocytes and embryos, and of fibrillar strands radially projecting from NLBs was revealed. Cytochemical evidence for RNA as a component of NLBs was further provided by EB-PTA staining in combination with the enzymatic removal of RNA, or by osmium-ammine staining without previous acid hydrolysis, while the absence of DNA in NLBs was established by Feulgen-like osmium-ammine staining. In addition, autoradiography demonstrated the absence of [6-3H]thymidine incorporation into NPBs. Other autoradiographic evidence attested the accumulation of RNA in NLBs of oocytes after a 60 min in vitro pulse of [5-3H]uridine. Immunoelectron microscopy using specific antibodies revealed the occurrence of nucleoplasmic snRNPs in both NLBs and NPBs. The presence of snRNA in NLB was confirmed by means of an antibody recognizing the m3G-cap structure. Another spliceosomal component, the protein SC-35 was also detected in NLBs. Among the numerous and variable intranuclear granules occurring mostly in aggregates, the Sm antigen was clearly detected only in the interchromatin granule-type component. Some Sm labeling was occasionally seen in other categories of larger granules. No reaction was detected over any granules when using the anti-m3G-cap antibody. The aggregates consisting of large granules and a finely fibrillar component were intensely immunolabeled by the anti-SC-35 splicing factor probe. Our observations suggest that the compact nucleoli, known to be present before and after fertilization in mammals (NLBs of oocytes and NPBs of early embryos), represent nuclear structural elements containing nonnucleolar, spliceosomal components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352296
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