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  • 1
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    Support for a colleague (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alatalo, R V -- Aragon, S -- Aviles, J M -- Barbosa, A -- Gomes, C Bessa -- Cadee, N -- Christe, P -- Cuervo, J J -- Diaz, M -- Erritzoe, J -- Galeotti, P -- Garamszegi, L Z -- Gil, D -- Gontard-Danek, M -- Legendre, S -- Martin, T E -- Martinez, J -- Martin-Vivaldi, M -- Martinez, J G -- Merino, S -- Moreno, J -- Mousseau, Tim -- Ninni, P -- Petrie, M -- Pulido, F -- Rubolini, D -- Saino, N -- Soler, J J -- Soler, M -- Spottiswoode, C -- Szep, T -- Thornhill, R -- Zamora, C -- Sacchi, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1612.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecology ; Publishing ; *Scientific Misconduct
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predation against birds with low immunocompetence (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 122 (2000), S. 500-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Body condition ; Parasite-host interactions ; Predator-prey interactions ; Prey selection ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Differences in the phenotypic characteristics between individuals falling prey to predators and conspecifics avoiding predation will reflect the intensity of selection on prey. If prey are generally in poor condition, we predicted that they should have an inferior health status in comparison to individuals dying for other reasons. We investigated this prediction for prey and conspecifics that did not die from predation by comparing the size of the spleen, which is an important immune defence organ reflecting one component of immunocompetence, using 18 species of passerine birds and domestic cat Felis catus predators as a model system. Prey had consistently smaller spleens than non-prey, implying that they had weak immune systems. The data set did not indicate that sex or age, month of death, body mass, body condition, liver mass, wing length or tarsus length differed significantly between prey and non-prey. Thus there was little evidence of confounding factors affecting the results. These observations indirectly suggest that disease and parasitism may play an important role in predator-prey interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050972
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acquisition of breeding coloration depends on badge size in male house sparrows Passer domesticus (1992)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 31 (1992), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The black throat “badge” of the male house sparrow Passer domesticus, which functions as a status signal of dominance rank, changes in size during late winter because light feather tips gradually wear off. Males change the size of their visible badge earlier if their final badge size is large. The differential timing of the change from winter to breeding coloration in relation to badge size is partially controlled by the behaviour of the individual male. Feather abrasion of the badge is mainly due to preening and dust bathing. During late winter, male house sparrows preen the badge area more than females preen the homologous area, and males with large badges preen more than males with small badges. The seasonal change in size of the visible badge of male house sparrows may reflect the balance of different selection pressures. A large badge size signals dominance status in autumn and winter while predation by visually searching avian predators may constitute the main opposing selection pressure. Sexual selection causes a stronger selection pressure for a large badge in spring and summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171682
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual ornamentation, condition, and immune defence in the house sparrow Passer domesticus (1996)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 39 (1996), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Bursa of Fabricius ; Immunocompetence ; Ornaments ; Sexual selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Female mate preferences for extreme male ornaments may arise and be maintained because males signal their ability to raise an immune defence against parasites by the size of their ornaments. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ involved in antibody synthesis in young birds, but regresses before sexual maturity. The relationship between badge size, condition, and immune defence was investigated in male house sparrows, Passer domesticus, which have a bib of black feathers under their beak, a secondary sexual character currently subject to a directional female mate preference. The size of the bursa of Fabricius decreased during the first year of life in house sparrows. Males with large secondary sexual characters had a smaller bursa than males with small badges. Individuals with a large directional asymmetry in relative testis size had a larger bursa. The abundance of one parasite (a mallophagan) was positively related to bursa size. There was a positive relationship between relative volume of bursa of Fabricius and the number of fault bars on feathers, which is a measure of body condition. These results suggest that males with large badges have lower current levels of immune response than males with small badges, and that males in good body condition, as evidenced from the absence of fault bars, had a relatively small bursa of Fabricius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050295
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  • 5
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    Brain size in birds is related to traffic accidents (2017)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-30
    Description: Estimates suggest that perhaps a quarter of a billion birds are killed by traffic annually across the world. This is surprising because birds have been shown to learn speed limits. Birds have also been shown to adapt to the direction of traffic and lane use, and this apparently results in reduced risks of fatal traffic accidents. Such behavioural differences suggest that individual birds that are not killed in traffic should have larger brains for their body size. We analysed the link between being killed by traffic and relative brain mass in 3521 birds belonging to 251 species brought to a taxidermist. Birds that were killed in traffic indeed had relatively smaller brains, while there was no similar difference for liver mass, heart mass or lung mass. These findings suggest that birds learn the behaviour of car drivers, and that they use their brains to adjust behaviour in an attempt to avoid mortality caused by rapidly and predictably moving objects.
    Keywords: behaviour, ecology
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 6
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    Predation against birds with low immunocompetence (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Support for a Colleague (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-12
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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