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  • 1
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    Mirror-image confusion in single neurons of the macaque inferotemporal cortex (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Humans and animals confuse lateral mirror images, such as the letters "b" and "d," more often than vertical mirror images, such as the letters "b" and "p." Experiments were performed to find a neural correlate of this phenomenon. Visually responsive pattern-selective neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of macaque monkeys responded more similarly to members of a lateral mirror-image pair than to members of a vertical mirror-image pair. The phenomenon developed within 20 milliseconds of the onset of the visual response and persisted to its end. It occurred during presentation of stimuli both at the fovea and in the periphery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rollenhagen, J E -- Olson, C R -- EY08098/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P41RR03631/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01-EY11831/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2683, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Macaca ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Fields ; *Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The evolutionary causes of small clutch sizes in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions are poorly understood. Alexander Skutch proposed 50 years ago that higher nest predation in the south constrains the rate at which parent birds can deliver food to young and thereby constrains clutch size by limiting the number of young that parents can feed. This hypothesis for explaining differences in clutch size and parental behaviors between latitudes has remained untested. Here, a detailed study of bird species in Arizona and Argentina shows that Skutch's hypothesis explains clutch size variation within North and South America. However, neither Skutch's hypothesis nor two major alternatives explain differences between latitudes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, T E -- Martin, P R -- Olson, C R -- Heidinger, B J -- Fontaine, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1482-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. tmartin@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; Arizona ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Geography ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; North America ; Paternal Behavior ; Phylogeny ; *Predatory Behavior ; Songbirds/*physiology ; South America
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Neuronal activity related to reward value and motivation in primate frontal cortex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: In several areas of the macaque brain, neurons fire during delayed-response tasks at a rate determined by the value of the reward expected at the end of the trial. The activity of these neurons might be related to the value of the expected reward or to the degree of motivation induced by expectation of the reward. We describe results indicating that the nature of reward-dependent activity varies across areas. Neuronal activity in orbitofrontal cortex represents the value of the expected reward, whereas neuronal activity in premotor cortex reflects the degree of motivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roesch, Matthew R -- Olson, Carl R -- EY08098/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY11831/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH45156/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P41RR03631/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):307-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Mellon Institute, Room 115, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. roesch@cnbc.cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cues ; Electrodes ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Motivation ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Reward ; Saccades
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Object-centered direction selectivity in the macaque supplementary eye field (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: Object-centered spatial awareness--awareness of the location, relative to an object, of its parts--plays an important role in many aspects of perception, imagination, and action. One possible basis for this capability is the existence in the brain of neurons with sensory receptive fields or motor action fields that are defined relative to an object-centered frame. In experiments described here, neuronal activity was monitored in the supplementary eye field of macaque monkeys making eye movements to the right or left end of a horizontal bar. Neurons were found to fire differentially as a function of the end of the bar to which an eye movement was made. This is direct evidence for the existence of neurons sensitive to the object-centered direction of movements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, C R -- Gettner, S N -- 1 F32 NS09452/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS27287/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):985-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; *Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    In monkeys making value-based decisions, LIP neurons encode cue salience and not action value (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-09
    Description: In monkeys deciding between alternative saccadic eye movements, lateral intraparietal (LIP) neurons representing each saccade fire at a rate proportional to the value of the reward expected upon its completion. This observation has been interpreted as indicating that LIP neurons encode saccadic value and that they mediate value-based decisions between saccades. Here, we show that LIP neurons representing a given saccade fire strongly not only if it will yield a large reward but also if it will incur a large penalty. This finding indicates that LIP neurons are sensitive to the motivational salience of cues. It is compatible neither with the idea that LIP neurons represent action value nor with the idea that value-based decisions take place in LIP neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leathers, Marvin L -- Olson, Carl R -- P30 EY08098/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR003631/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41RR03631/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH045156/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH45156/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018620/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 5;338(6103):132-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, Room 115, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. mleathers@cnbc.cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cues ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Motivation/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Reward ; Saccades/*physiology ; *Social Values
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Response to comment on "In monkeys making value-based decisions, LIP neurons encode cue salience and not action value" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Newsome et al. question neither our key result, that large-penalty cues elicited stronger responses than small-penalty cues, nor our key conclusion, that neurons early in the trial signaled cue salience and not action value. Instead, they focus on subsequent neuronal activity. The patterns of delay-period activity that they note can be explained by reference to experimental methodology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leathers, Marvin L -- Olson, Carl R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):430. doi: 10.1126/science.1233367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cues ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Male ; Motivation/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Saccades/*physiology ; *Social Values
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory maps in the claustrum of the cat (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 288 (1980), S. 479-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 A, Representative frontal section through left hemisphere 2 mm ahead of the caudal tip of the claustrum. The claustrum is set off by cross-hatching. Am: amygdala. Pu: putamen. Th: thalamus. B, Three-dimensional reconstruction of left claustrum as viewed from a point above, behind and lateral ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/288479a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is there a ‘consolidation’ effect for monocular deprivation? (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 282 (1979), S. 404-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Kittens were reared normally until postnatal day 29, when susceptibility to deprivation effects is very high1. Vision through one eye was then blocked for 24 h using a large opaque contact lens. In one group of animals, study of cortical cells was begun immediately after the occlusion period. A ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/282404a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of eye alignment in cats (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 271 (1978), S. 446-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 The steps required to obtain visual axis alignment in the conscious cat. In humans the visual axis or line of sight is defined by a line from the fovea of the retina to the object of fixation passing through the nodal plane of the eye (the nodal plane defines equal magnification between ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/271446a0
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  • 10
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    Statistical learning of visual transitions in monkey inferotemporal cortex (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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