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  • 1
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    Ecosystem services: response (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bateman, Ian J -- Harwood, Amii R -- Mace, Georgina M -- Watson, Robert T -- Abson, David J -- Andrews, Barnaby -- Binner, Amy -- Crowe, Andrew -- Day, Brett H -- Dugdale, Steve -- Fezzi, Carlo -- Foden, Jo -- Hadley, David -- Haines-Young, Roy -- Hulme, Mark -- Kontoleon, Andreas -- Lovett, Andrew A -- Munday, Paul -- Pascual, Unai -- Paterson, James -- Perino, Grischa -- Sen, Antara -- Siriwardena, Gavin -- van Soest, Daan -- Termansen, Mette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):421-2. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.421-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Bringing ecosystem services into economic decision-making: land use in the United Kingdom (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Landscapes generate a wide range of valuable ecosystem services, yet land-use decisions often ignore the value of these services. Using the example of the United Kingdom, we show the significance of land-use change not only for agricultural production but also for emissions and sequestration of greenhouse gases, open-access recreational visits, urban green space, and wild-species diversity. We use spatially explicit models in conjunction with valuation methods to estimate comparable economic values for these services, taking account of climate change impacts. We show that, although decisions that focus solely on agriculture reduce overall ecosystem service values, highly significant value increases can be obtained from targeted planning by incorporating all potential services and their values and that this approach also conserves wild-species diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bateman, Ian J -- Harwood, Amii R -- Mace, Georgina M -- Watson, Robert T -- Abson, David J -- Andrews, Barnaby -- Binner, Amy -- Crowe, Andrew -- Day, Brett H -- Dugdale, Steve -- Fezzi, Carlo -- Foden, Jo -- Hadley, David -- Haines-Young, Roy -- Hulme, Mark -- Kontoleon, Andreas -- Lovett, Andrew A -- Munday, Paul -- Pascual, Unai -- Paterson, James -- Perino, Grischa -- Sen, Antara -- Siriwardena, Gavin -- van Soest, Daan -- Termansen, Mette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):45-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1234379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. i.bateman@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Decision Making ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; Marketing ; *Models, Economic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the carbon transfer between the ocean, atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere since the last glacial maximum (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Carbon dioxide records from polar ice cores and marine ocean sediments indicate that the last glacial maximum (LGM) atmosphere CO2 content was 80–90 ppm lower than the mid-Holocene. This represents a transfer of over 160 GtC into the atmosphere since the LGM. Palaeovegetation studies suggest that up to 1350 GtC was transferred from the oceans to the terrestrial biosphere at the end of the last glacial. Evidence from carbon isotopes in deep sea sediments, however, indicates a smaller shift of between 400 and 700 GtC. To understand the functioning of the carbon cycle this apparent discrepancy needs to be resolved. Thus, older data have been reassessed, new data provided and the potential errors of both methods estimated. New estimates of the expansion of terrestrial biomass between the LGM and mid-Holocene are 700 GtC ± 〉 300 GtC, using the ocean carbon isotope-based method, compared with of 1100 GtC ± 〉 500 GtC using the palaeovegetation estimate. If these estimates of the carbon shift to the terrestrial biosphere are equilibrated with the dissolved carbon in the oceans, and the CaCO3 compensation of the ocean is taken into account, then the glacial atmospheric CO2 would have been between 50 (± 30) ppm and 95 (± 50) ppm higher. The glacial atmosphere therefore should have had a CO2 partial pressure of between 330 and 375 μatm. Hence, a rise of between 130 and 175 μatm in atmospheric CO2, rather than 80 μatm, at the end of the last glacial must be accounted for.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1995.tb00805.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Historical Geography 14 (1988), S. 108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7488(88)80175-0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Historical Geography 14 (1988), S. 108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7488(88)80175-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population estimates for the dunlin Calidris alpina derived from remotely sensed satellite imagery of the Flow Country of northern Scotland (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 344 (1990), S. 860-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344860a0
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  • 7
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    Ecosystem services: Exploring a geographical perspective (2011)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-05
    Description: The ‘ecosystem service’ debate has taken on many features of a classic Kuhnian paradigm. It challenges conventional wisdoms about conservation and the value of nature, and is driven as much by political agendas as scientific ones. In this paper we review some current and emerging issues arising in relation to the analysis and assessment of ecosystem services, and in particular emphasize the need for physical geographers to find new ways of characterizing the structure and dynamics of service providing units. If robust and relevant valuations are to be made of the contribution that natural capital makes to human well-being, then we need a deeper understanding of the way in which the drivers of change impact on the marginal outputs of ecosystem services. A better understanding of the trade-offs that need to be considered when dealing with multifunctional ecosystems is also required. Future developments must include methods for describing and tracking the stocks and flows that characterize natural capital. This will support valuation of the benefits estimation of the level of reinvestment that society must make in this natural capital base if it is to be sustained. We argue that if the ecosystem service concept is to be used seriously as a framework for policy and management then the biophysical sciences generally, and physical geography in particular, must go beyond the uncritical ‘puzzle solving’ that characterizes recent work. A geographical perspective can provide important new, critical insights into the place-based approaches to ecosystem assessment that are now emerging.
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage
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  • 8
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    Exploring ecosystem service issues across diverse knowledge domains using Bayesian Belief Networks (2011)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-05
    Description: The analysis of the relationships between people and nature is complex, because it involves bringing together insights from a range of disciplines, and, when stakeholders are involved, the perspectives and values of different interest groups. Although it has been suggested that analytical-deliberate approaches may be useful in dealing with some of this complexity, the development of methods is still at an early stage. This is particularly so in relation to debates around the concept of ecosystem services where biophysical, social and economic insights need to be integrated in ways that can be accessed by decision-makers. The paper draws on case studies to examine the use of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) as a means of implementing analytical-deliberative approaches in relation to mapping ecosystem services and modelling scenario outcomes. It also explores their use as a tool for representing individual and group values. It is argued that when linked with GIS techniques BBNs allow mapping and modelling approaches rapidly to be developed and tested in an efficient and transparent way, and that they are a valuable scenario-building tool. The case-study materials also show that BBNs can support multicriteria forms of deliberative analysis that can be used to capture stakeholder opinions so that different perspectives can be compared and shared social values identified.
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage
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  • 9
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    Introduction to the Special Issue: Ecosystem Services (2011)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-05
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage
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  • 10
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    Size-Frequency and Size-Density Relationships in Populations from the Rhizocarpon Sub-Genus Cern. On Moraine Slopes in Southern Norway (1988)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-0270
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2699
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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