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  • Science. 312(5774): 689-97; author reply 689-97.  (9)
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  • Science. 307(5706): 111-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1105493.  (1)
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  • 101
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-21
    Beschreibung: Genetic compatibility may drive individual mate choice decisions because of predictable fitness effects associated with breeding with incompatible partners. In Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae), females paired with genetically incompatible males of alternative color morphs overproduce sons, presumably to reduce investment in inviable daughters. We also observed a reduced overall investment in clutch size, egg size, and care to offspring resulting from incompatible matings. Within-female experimental pairings demonstrate that female birds have the ability to adaptively adjust the sex of their eggs and allocate resources on the basis of partner quality. Female Gouldian finches thus make cumulative strategic allocation decisions to minimize the costs of poor-quality pairings when faced with a genetically incompatible partner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pryke, Sarah R -- Griffith, Simon C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1605-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1168928.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain, Behaviour, and Evolution, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. sarah.pryke@mq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Breeding ; Clutch Size ; Female ; Finches/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Nesting Behavior ; Oviposition ; Ovum/physiology ; Pigmentation/genetics ; *Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 102
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818280/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818280/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coffin, John M -- Stoye, Jonathan P -- MC_U117512710/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R37 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):530-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1181349. Epub 2009 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. john.coffin@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blood Cells/virology ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Gammaretrovirus/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*virology ; Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 103
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):165. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5924.165a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phenylthiohydantoin/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 104
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-18
    Beschreibung: A 2-year follow-up of a randomized field experiment previously reported in Science is presented. A subtle intervention to lessen minority students' psychological threat related to being negatively stereotyped in school was tested in an experiment conducted three times with three independent cohorts (N = 133, 149, and 134). The intervention, a series of brief but structured writing assignments focusing students on a self-affirming value, reduced the racial achievement gap. Over 2 years, the grade point average (GPA) of African Americans was, on average, raised by 0.24 grade points. Low-achieving African Americans were particularly benefited. Their GPA improved, on average, 0.41 points, and their rate of remediation or grade repetition was less (5% versus 18%). Additionally, treated students' self-perceptions showed long-term benefits. Findings suggest that because initial psychological states and performance determine later outcomes by providing a baseline and initial trajectory for a recursive process, apparently small but early alterations in trajectory can have long-term effects. Implications for psychological theory and educational practice are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Geoffrey L -- Garcia, Julio -- Purdie-Vaughns, Valerie -- Apfel, Nancy -- Brzustoski, Patricia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):400-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1170769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Psychology Building, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA. cohen.geoff@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Achievement ; Adolescent ; African Americans/education/*psychology ; Child ; Educational Measurement ; *Educational Status ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Minority Groups/education/*psychology ; *Self Concept ; *Social Perception ; Social Values ; Stereotyping
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 105
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-14
    Beschreibung: We often evaluate the self and others from social comparisons. We feel envy when the target person has superior and self-relevant characteristics. Schadenfreude occurs when envied persons fall from grace. To elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of envy and schadenfreude, we conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. In study one, the participants read information concerning target persons characterized by levels of possession and self-relevance of comparison domains. When the target person's possession was superior and self-relevant, stronger envy and stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation were induced. In study two, stronger schadenfreude and stronger striatum activation were induced when misfortunes happened to envied persons. ACC activation in study one predicted ventral striatum activation in study two. Our findings document mechanisms of painful emotion, envy, and a rewarding reaction, schadenfreude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahashi, Hidehiko -- Kato, Motoichiro -- Matsuura, Masato -- Mobbs, Dean -- Suhara, Tetsuya -- Okubo, Yoshiro -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):937-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1165604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 9-1, 4-chome, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan. hidehiko@nirs.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; *Emotions ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Happiness ; Humans ; *Jealousy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Pain/psychology ; Reward ; Self Concept ; Social Behavior ; *Social Perception ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 106
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1254-6. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; *Meiosis ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Reproduction ; *Sex
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 107
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1484. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antigens, Neoplasm/*blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood ; Biotechnology/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Scientific Misconduct ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; United States ; Universities/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 108
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-08
    Beschreibung: The Middle Awash Ardipithecus ramidus sample comprises over 145 teeth, including associated maxillary and mandibular sets. These help reveal the earliest stages of human evolution. Ar. ramidus lacks the postcanine megadontia of Australopithecus. Its molars have thinner enamel and are functionally less durable than those of Australopithecus but lack the derived Pan pattern of thin occlusal enamel associated with ripe-fruit frugivory. The Ar. ramidus dental morphology and wear pattern are consistent with a partially terrestrial, omnivorous/frugivorous niche. Analyses show that the ARA-VP-6/500 skeleton is female and that Ar. ramidus was nearly monomorphic in canine size and shape. The canine/lower third premolar complex indicates a reduction of canine size and honing capacity early in hominid evolution, possibly driven by selection targeted on the male upper canine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suwa, Gen -- Kono, Reiko T -- Simpson, Scott W -- Asfaw, Berhane -- Lovejoy, C Owen -- White, Tim D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):94-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan. suwa@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology ; *Dentition ; Diet ; Ethiopia ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; Odontometry ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; Sex Characteristics ; Tooth/*anatomy & histology ; Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 109
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):331. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.331.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Animals ; *Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Lions ; Male ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 110
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-25
    Beschreibung: Throughout the day, cognitive performance is under the combined influence of circadian processes and homeostatic sleep pressure. Some people perform best in the morning, whereas others are more alert in the evening. These chronotypes provide a unique way to study the effects of sleep-wake regulation on the cerebral mechanisms supporting cognition. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in extreme chronotypes, we found that maintaining attention in the evening was associated with higher activity in evening than morning chronotypes in a region of the locus coeruleus and in a suprachiasmatic area (SCA) including the circadian master clock. Activity in the SCA decreased with increasing homeostatic sleep pressure. This result shows the direct influence of the homeostatic and circadian interaction on the neural activity underpinning human behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, Christina -- Collette, Fabienne -- Leclercq, Yves -- Sterpenich, Virginie -- Vandewalle, Gilles -- Berthomier, Pierre -- Berthomier, Christian -- Phillips, Christophe -- Tinguely, Gilberte -- Darsaud, Annabelle -- Gais, Steffen -- Schabus, Manuel -- Desseilles, Martin -- Dang-Vu, Thien Thanh -- Salmon, Eric -- Balteau, Evelyne -- Degueldre, Christian -- Luxen, Andre -- Maquet, Pierre -- Cajochen, Christian -- Peigneux, Philippe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):516-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1167337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium. Christina.Schmidt@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Attention/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cognition/*physiology ; Female ; Homeostasis/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Melatonin/metabolism ; Polysomnography ; Psychomotor Performance ; Sleep/*physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Wakefulness ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 111
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-14
    Beschreibung: Children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) families, on average, arrive at school with smaller vocabularies than children from high-SES families. In an effort to identify precursors to, and possible remedies for, this inequality, we videotaped 50 children from families with a range of different SES interacting with parents at 14 months and assessed their vocabulary skills at 54 months. We found that children from high-SES families frequently used gesture to communicate at 14 months, a relation that was explained by parent gesture use (with speech controlled). In turn, the fact that children from high-SES families have large vocabularies at 54 months was explained by children's gesture use at 14 months. Thus, differences in early gesture help to explain the disparities in vocabulary that children bring with them to school.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2692106/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2692106/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowe, Meredith L -- Goldin-Meadow, Susan -- K99 HD055522/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K99 HD055522-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K99HD055522/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD040605/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD040605-06A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD40605/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):951-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1167025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. rowemer@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Gestures ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parent-Child Relations ; Social Class ; Videotape Recording ; *Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 112
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-06
    Beschreibung: Since Darwin, intergroup hostilities have figured prominently in explanations of the evolution of human social behavior. Yet whether ancestral humans were largely "peaceful" or "warlike" remains controversial. I ask a more precise question: If more cooperative groups were more likely to prevail in conflicts with other groups, was the level of intergroup violence sufficient to influence the evolution of human social behavior? Using a model of the evolutionary impact of between-group competition and a new data set that combines archaeological evidence on causes of death during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene with ethnographic and historical reports on hunter-gatherer populations, I find that the estimated level of mortality in intergroup conflicts would have had substantial effects, allowing the proliferation of group-beneficial behaviors that were quite costly to the individual altruist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1293-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1168112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. samuel.bowles@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altruism ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Models, Theoretical ; *Social Behavior ; *Warfare
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 113
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-10
    Beschreibung: Contemporary race relations are marked by an apparent paradox: Overt prejudice is strongly condemned, yet acts of blatant racism still frequently occur. We propose that one reason for this inconsistency is that people misunderstand how they would feel and behave after witnessing racism. The present research demonstrates that although people predicted that they would be very upset by a racist act, when people actually experienced this event they showed relatively little emotional distress. Furthermore, people overestimated the degree to which a racist comment would provoke social rejection of the racist. These findings suggest that racism may persevere in part because people who anticipate feeling upset and believe that they will take action may actually respond with indifference when faced with an act of racism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawakami, Kerry -- Dunn, Elizabeth -- Karmali, Francine -- Dovidio, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):276-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1164951.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3. kawakami@yorku.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Affect ; Anger ; *Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *Social Behavior ; Social Identification ; Social Perception
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  • 114
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-14
    Beschreibung: Deposition of the amyloid-beta peptide is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. A high-throughput functional genomics screen identified G protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3), a constitutively active orphan G protein-coupled receptor, as a modulator of amyloid-beta production. Overexpression of GPR3 stimulated amyloid-beta production, whereas genetic ablation of GPR3 prevented accumulation of the amyloid-beta peptide in vitro and in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. GPR3 expression led to increased formation and cell-surface localization of the mature gamma-secretase complex in the absence of an effect on Notch processing. GPR3 is highly expressed in areas of the normal human brain implicated in Alzheimer's disease and is elevated in the sporadic Alzheimer's disease brain. Thus, GPR3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thathiah, Amantha -- Spittaels, Kurt -- Hoffmann, Marcel -- Staes, Mik -- Cohen, Adrian -- Horre, Katrien -- Vanbrabant, Mieke -- Coun, Frea -- Baekelandt, Veerle -- Delacourte, Andre -- Fischer, David F -- Pollet, Dirk -- De Strooper, Bart -- Merchiers, Pascal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):946-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1160649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Vlaams Institute for Biotechnology, Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 115
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: Elucidating the biogeography of bacterial communities on the human body is critical for establishing healthy baselines from which to detect differences associated with diseases. To obtain an integrated view of the spatial and temporal distribution of the human microbiota, we surveyed bacteria from up to 27 sites in seven to nine healthy adults on four occasions. We found that community composition was determined primarily by body habitat. Within habitats, interpersonal variability was high, whereas individuals exhibited minimal temporal variability. Several skin locations harbored more diverse communities than the gut and mouth, and skin locations differed in their community assembly patterns. These results indicate that our microbiota, although personalized, varies systematically across body habitats and time; such trends may ultimately reveal how microbiome changes cause or prevent disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602444/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602444/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costello, Elizabeth K -- Lauber, Christian L -- Hamady, Micah -- Fierer, Noah -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- Knight, Rob -- DK64540/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK78669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1694-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1177486. Epub 2009 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Ear Canal/*microbiology ; Feces/*microbiology ; Female ; Genes, rRNA ; Hair/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Middle Aged ; Mouth/*microbiology ; Nose/*microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Principal Component Analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Skin/*microbiology ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 116
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: While asleep, people heard sounds that had earlier been associated with objects at specific spatial locations. Upon waking, they recalled these locations more accurately than other locations for which no reminder cues were provided. Consolidation thus operates during sleep with high specificity and is subject to systematic influences through simple auditory stimulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990343/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990343/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rudoy, John D -- Voss, Joel L -- Westerberg, Carmen E -- Paller, Ken A -- F31 NS066725/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F31 NS066725-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1079. doi: 10.1126/science.1179013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/physiology ; Cues ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; *Sleep ; Sleep Stages ; Sound ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 117
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-10
    Beschreibung: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating disease of unknown etiology that is estimated to affect 17 million people worldwide. Studying peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CFS patients, we identified DNA from a human gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), in 68 of 101 patients (67%) as compared to 8 of 218 (3.7%) healthy controls. Cell culture experiments revealed that patient-derived XMRV is infectious and that both cell-associated and cell-free transmission of the virus are possible. Secondary viral infections were established in uninfected primary lymphocytes and indicator cell lines after their exposure to activated PBMCs, B cells, T cells, or plasma derived from CFS patients. These findings raise the possibility that XMRV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of CFS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lombardi, Vincent C -- Ruscetti, Francis W -- Das Gupta, Jaydip -- Pfost, Max A -- Hagen, Kathryn S -- Peterson, Daniel L -- Ruscetti, Sandra K -- Bagni, Rachel K -- Petrow-Sadowski, Cari -- Gold, Bert -- Dean, Michael -- Silverman, Robert H -- Mikovits, Judy A -- CA104943/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN26120080001E/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):585-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1179052. Epub 2009 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whittemore Peterson Institute, Reno, NV 89557, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coculture Techniques ; DNA/genetics ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Gammaretrovirus/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification/physiology ; Gene Products, env/analysis ; Gene Products, gag/analysis ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*virology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Prostatic Neoplasms/virology ; Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*virology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 118
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-15
    Beschreibung: Proximate neural mechanisms that influence preferences for groups of a given size are almost wholly unknown. In the highly gregarious zebra finch (Estrildidae: Taeniopygia guttata), blockade of nonapeptide receptors by an oxytocin (OT) antagonist significantly reduced time spent with large groups and familiar social partners independent of time spent in social contact. Opposing effects were produced by central infusions of mesotocin (MT, avian homolog of OT). Most drug effects appeared to be female-specific. Across five estrildid finch species, species-typical group size correlates with nonapeptide receptor distributions in the lateral septum, and sociality in female zebra finches was reduced by OT antagonist infusions into the septum but not a control area. We propose that titration of sociality by MT represents a phylogenetically deep framework for the evolution of OT's female-specific roles in pair bonding and maternal functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862247/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862247/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodson, James L -- Schrock, Sara E -- Klatt, James D -- Kabelik, David -- Kingsbury, Marcy A -- MH062656/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH062656/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH062656-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):862-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1174929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. jlgoodso@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Female ; Finches/*physiology ; Male ; Ornipressin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/physiology ; Prosencephalon/metabolism ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptors, Oxytocin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Septum of Brain/*metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; *Social Behavior ; Species Specificity ; Vasotocin/administration & dosage/pharmacology
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  • 119
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: Most antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics) work by modulating neurotransmitters in the brain. Benzodiazepines are fast and effective anxiolytic drugs; however, their long-term use is limited by the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Ligands of the translocator protein [18 kilodaltons (kD)] may promote the synthesis of endogenous neurosteroids, which also exert anxiolytic effects in animal models. Here, we found that the translocator protein (18 kD) ligand XBD173 enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neurotransmission and counteracted induced panic attacks in rodents in the absence of sedation and tolerance development. XBD173 also exerted antipanic activity in humans and, in contrast to benzodiazepines, did not cause sedation or withdrawal symptoms. Thus, translocator protein (18 kD) ligands are promising candidates for fast-acting anxiolytic drugs with less severe side effects than benzodiazepines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rupprecht, Rainer -- Rammes, Gerhard -- Eser, Daniela -- Baghai, Thomas C -- Schule, Cornelius -- Nothdurfter, Caroline -- Troxler, Thomas -- Gentsch, Conrad -- Kalkman, Hans O -- Chaperon, Frederique -- Uzunov, Veska -- McAllister, Kevin H -- Bertaina-Anglade, Valerie -- La Rochelle, Christophe Drieu -- Tuerck, Dietrich -- Floesser, Annette -- Kiese, Beate -- Schumacher, Michael -- Landgraf, Rainer -- Holsboer, Florian -- Kucher, Klaus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):490-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1175055. Epub 2009 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, Munich 80336, Germany. rainer.rupprecht@med.uni-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alprazolam/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects/*metabolism ; Benzodiazepines/adverse effects ; Cell Line ; Drug Tolerance ; Humans ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Panic Disorder/drug therapy ; Purines/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control ; Tetragastrin ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 120
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):865. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5916.865a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomarkers, Tumor/*urine ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*urine ; Risk Factors ; Sarcosine/*urine
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  • 121
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):215. doi: 10.1126/science.326_215a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/drug therapy/*virology ; Gammaretrovirus/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Leukocytes/virology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*virology ; Retroviridae Infections/*virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/virology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 122
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1188. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Anilides ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Benzimidazoles/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Medulloblastoma/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Point Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Pyridines ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 123
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):454-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5913.454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Female ; *Friends ; Happiness ; *Health ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Support
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 124
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-17
    Beschreibung: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency--the most common known enzymopathy--is associated with neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia usually after exposure to certain infections, foods, or medications. Although G6PD-deficient alleles appear to confer a protective effect against malaria, the link with clinical protection from Plasmodium infection remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a common G6PD deficiency variant in Southeast Asia--the G6PD-Mahidol(487A) variant--on human survival related to vivax and falciparum malaria. Our results show that strong and recent positive selection has targeted the Mahidol variant over the past 1500 years. We found that the G6PD-Mahidol(487A) variant reduces vivax, but not falciparum, parasite density in humans, which indicates that Plasmodium vivax has been a driving force behind the strong selective advantage conferred by this mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Louicharoen, Chalisa -- Patin, Etienne -- Paul, Richard -- Nuchprayoon, Issarang -- Witoonpanich, Bhee -- Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon -- Casademont, Isabelle -- Sura, Thanyachai -- Laird, Nan M -- Singhasivanon, Pratap -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Sakuntabhai, Anavaj -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1178849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire de la Genetique de la reponse aux infections chez l'homme, 75724 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/parasitology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/blood/complications/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Malaria, Falciparum/complications/genetics/parasitology ; Malaria, Vivax/complications/genetics/*parasitology ; Male ; *Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology ; Plasmodium vivax/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Selection, Genetic ; Thailand
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 125
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-08
    Beschreibung: Referential models based on extant African apes have dominated reconstructions of early human evolution since Darwin's time. These models visualize fundamental human behaviors as intensifications of behaviors observed in living chimpanzees and/or gorillas (for instance, upright feeding, male dominance displays, tool use, culture, hunting, and warfare). Ardipithecus essentially falsifies such models, because extant apes are highly derived relative to our last common ancestors. Moreover, uniquely derived hominid characters, especially those of locomotion and canine reduction, appear to have emerged shortly after the hominid/chimpanzee divergence. Hence, Ardipithecus provides a new window through which to view our clade's earliest evolution and its ecological context. Early hominids and extant apes are remarkably divergent in many cardinal characters. We can no longer rely on homologies with African apes for accounts of our origins and must turn instead to general evolutionary theory. A proposed adaptive suite for the emergence of Ardipithecus from the last common ancestor that we shared with chimpanzees accounts for these principal ape/human differences, as well as the marked demographic success and cognitive efflorescence of later Plio-Pleistocene hominids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovejoy, C Owen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):74e1-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA. olovejoy@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Diet ; Ethiopia ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Posture ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Walking
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  • 126
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-12
    Beschreibung: Stem cells give rise to differentiated cell types but also preserve their undifferentiated state through cell self-renewal. With the use of transgenic mice, we found that the RNA-binding protein NANOS2 is essential for maintaining spermatogonial stem cells. Lineage-tracing analyses revealed that undifferentiated spermatogonia expressing Nanos2 self-renew and generate the entire spermatogenic cell lineage. Conditional disruption of postnatal Nanos2 depleted spermatogonial stem cell reserves, whereas mouse testes in which Nanos2 had been overexpressed accumulated spermatogonia with undifferentiated, stem cell-like properties. Thus, NANOS2 is a key stem cell regulator that is expressed in self-renewing spermatogonial stem cells and maintains the stem cell state during murine spermatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sada, Aiko -- Suzuki, Atsushi -- Suzuki, Hitomi -- Saga, Yumiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1394-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1172645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors/metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Testis/cytology/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 127
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1504-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/history/*therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics ; Genetic Therapy/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 128
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1174. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1174.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Asia/epidemiology ; Culture ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prostitution ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 129
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: Ecological speciation is considered an adaptive response to selection for local adaptation. However, besides suitable ecological conditions, the process requires assortative mating to protect the nascent species from homogenization by gene flow. By means of a simple model, we demonstrate that disruptive ecological selection favors the evolution of sexual preferences for ornaments that signal local adaptation. Such preferences induce assortative mating with respect to ecological characters and enhance the strength of disruptive selection. Natural and sexual selection thus work in concert to achieve local adaptation and reproductive isolation, even in the presence of substantial gene flow. The resulting speciation process ensues without the divergence of mating preferences, avoiding problems that have plagued previous models of speciation by sexual selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Doorn, G Sander -- Edelaar, Pim -- Weissing, Franz J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1704-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1181661. Epub 2009 Nov 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. sander.vandoorn@iee.unibe.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Models, Biological ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 130
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-03
    Beschreibung: The informal learning environments of television, video games, and the Internet are producing learners with a new profile of cognitive skills. This profile features widespread and sophisticated development of visual-spatial skills, such as iconic representation and spatial visualization. A pressing social problem is the prevalence of violent video games, leading to desensitization, aggressive behavior, and gender inequity in opportunities to develop visual-spatial skills. Formal education must adapt to these changes, taking advantage of new strengths in visual-spatial intelligence and compensating for new weaknesses in higher-order cognitive processes: abstract vocabulary, mindfulness, reflection, inductive problem solving, critical thinking, and imagination. These develop through the use of an older technology, reading, which, along with audio media such as radio, also stimulates imagination. Informal education therefore requires a balanced media diet using each technology's specific strengths in order to develop a complete profile of cognitive skills.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenfield, Patricia M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):69-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1167190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aggression ; Cognition ; *Education ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Imagination ; Intelligence ; *Internet ; Laparoscopy ; *Learning ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Problem Solving ; *Television ; Thinking ; *Video Games ; Violence
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  • 131
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-30
    Beschreibung: Electrical recordings in humans and monkeys show attentional enhancement of evoked responses and gamma synchrony in ventral stream cortical areas. Does this synchrony result from intrinsic activity in visual cortex or from inputs from other structures? Using paired recordings in the frontal eye field (FEF) and area V4, we found that attention to a stimulus in their joint receptive field leads to enhanced oscillatory coupling between the two areas, particularly at gamma frequencies. This coupling appeared to be initiated by FEF and was time-shifted by about 8 to 13 milliseconds across a range of frequencies. Considering the expected conduction and synaptic delays between the areas, this time-shifted coupling at gamma frequencies may optimize the postsynaptic impact of spikes from one area upon the other, improving cross-area communication with attention.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849291/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849291/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregoriou, Georgia G -- Gotts, Stephen J -- Zhou, Huihui -- Desimone, Robert -- EY017292/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017921/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH64445/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH064445/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH064445-019001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY017292/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY017292-01A1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY017921/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY017921-01A1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Z99 MH999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1207-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1171402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Synaptic Potentials ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 132
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-30
    Beschreibung: Human skin is a large, heterogeneous organ that protects the body from pathogens while sustaining microorganisms that influence human health and disease. Our analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences obtained from 20 distinct skin sites of healthy humans revealed that physiologically comparable sites harbor similar bacterial communities. The complexity and stability of the microbial community are dependent on the specific characteristics of the skin site. This topographical and temporal survey provides a baseline for studies that examine the role of bacterial communities in disease states and the microbial interdependencies required to maintain healthy skin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805064/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805064/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grice, Elizabeth A -- Kong, Heidi H -- Conlan, Sean -- Deming, Clayton B -- Davis, Joie -- Young, Alice C -- NISC Comparative Sequencing Program -- Bouffard, Gerard G -- Blakesley, Robert W -- Murray, Patrick R -- Green, Eric D -- Turner, Maria L -- Segre, Julia A -- Z01 HG000180-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA BC010938-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000180-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1190-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1171700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actinobacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Bacteroidetes/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Female ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Proteobacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Skin/*microbiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 133
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-03
    Beschreibung: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is familial in 10% of cases. We have identified a missense mutation in the gene encoding fused in sarcoma (FUS) in a British kindred, linked to ALS6. In a survey of 197 familial ALS index cases, we identified two further missense mutations in eight families. Postmortem analysis of three cases with FUS mutations showed FUS-immunoreactive cytoplasmic inclusions and predominantly lower motor neuron degeneration. Cellular expression studies revealed aberrant localization of mutant FUS protein. FUS is involved in the regulation of transcription and RNA splicing and transport, and it has functional homology to another ALS gene, TARDBP, which suggests that a common mechanism may underlie motor neuron degeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516382/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516382/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vance, Caroline -- Rogelj, Boris -- Hortobagyi, Tibor -- De Vos, Kurt J -- Nishimura, Agnes Lumi -- Sreedharan, Jemeen -- Hu, Xun -- Smith, Bradley -- Ruddy, Deborah -- Wright, Paul -- Ganesalingam, Jeban -- Williams, Kelly L -- Tripathi, Vineeta -- Al-Saraj, Safa -- Al-Chalabi, Ammar -- Leigh, P Nigel -- Blair, Ian P -- Nicholson, Garth -- de Belleroche, Jackie -- Gallo, Jean-Marc -- Miller, Christopher C -- Shaw, Christopher E -- 078662/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0300329/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500289/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501573/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600676/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600974/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900688/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_G1000733/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1208-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1165942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; *Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; RNA-Binding Protein FUS/analysis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 134
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: The peripheral nervous system detects different somatosensory stimuli, including pain, temperature, and touch. Merkel cell-neurite complexes are touch receptors composed of sensory afferents and Merkel cells. The role that Merkel cells play in light-touch responses has been the center of controversy for over 100 years. We used Cre-loxP technology to conditionally delete the transcription factor Atoh1 from the body skin and foot pads of mice. Merkel cells are absent from these areas in Atoh1(CKO) animals. Ex vivo skin/nerve preparations from Atoh1(CKO) animals demonstrate complete loss of the characteristic neurophysiologic responses normally mediated by Merkel cell-neurite complexes. Merkel cells are, therefore, required for the proper encoding of Merkel receptor responses, suggesting that these cells form an indispensible part of the somatosensory system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743005/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743005/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maricich, Stephen M -- Wellnitz, Scott A -- Nelson, Aislyn M -- Lesniak, Daine R -- Gerling, Gregory J -- Lumpkin, Ellen A -- Zoghbi, Huda Y -- 5K08NS53419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- AR051219/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD024064/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051219/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051219-06A2/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM009462/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM009462-01/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM009462-02/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- T15LM009462/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1580-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1172890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Foot ; Male ; Merkel Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Skin/cytology ; *Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Touch/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 135
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-11
    Beschreibung: Metastatic prostate cancer is treated with drugs that antagonize androgen action, but most patients progress to a more aggressive form of the disease called castration-resistant prostate cancer, driven by elevated expression of the androgen receptor. Here we characterize the diarylthiohydantoins RD162 and MDV3100, two compounds optimized from a screen for nonsteroidal antiandrogens that retain activity in the setting of increased androgen receptor expression. Both compounds bind to the androgen receptor with greater relative affinity than the clinically used antiandrogen bicalutamide, reduce the efficiency of its nuclear translocation, and impair both DNA binding to androgen response elements and recruitment of coactivators. RD162 and MDV3100 are orally available and induce tumor regression in mouse models of castration-resistant human prostate cancer. Of the first 30 patients treated with MDV3100 in a Phase I/II clinical trial, 13 of 30 (43%) showed sustained declines (by 〉50%) in serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen, a biomarker of prostate cancer. These compounds thus appear to be promising candidates for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981508/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981508/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Chris -- Ouk, Samedy -- Clegg, Nicola J -- Chen, Yu -- Watson, Philip A -- Arora, Vivek -- Wongvipat, John -- Smith-Jones, Peter M -- Yoo, Dongwon -- Kwon, Andrew -- Wasielewska, Teresa -- Welsbie, Derek -- Chen, Charlie Degui -- Higano, Celestia S -- Beer, Tomasz M -- Hung, David T -- Scher, Howard I -- Jung, Michael E -- Sawyers, Charles L -- P50 CA092629/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA092629-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):787-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1168175. Epub 2009 Apr 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Androgen Antagonists/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Anilides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Biological Availability ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; DNA/metabolism ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Nitriles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phenylthiohydantoin/*analogs & ; derivatives/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology ; Receptors, Androgen/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Tosyl Compounds/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 136
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mace, Ruth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1175383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University College London, Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK. r.mace@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altruism ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; *Population Density ; *Social Behavior ; Time ; Warfare
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 137
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-18
    Beschreibung: Analysis of Neandertal DNA holds great potential for investigating the population history of this group of hominins, but progress has been limited due to the rarity of samples and damaged state of the DNA. We present a method of targeted ancient DNA sequence retrieval that greatly reduces sample destruction and sequencing demands and use this method to reconstruct the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of five Neandertals from across their geographic range. We find that mtDNA genetic diversity in Neandertals that lived 38,000 to 70,000 years ago was approximately one-third of that in contemporary modern humans. Together with analyses of mtDNA protein evolution, these data suggest that the long-term effective population size of Neandertals was smaller than that of modern humans and extant great apes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, Adrian W -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Green, Richard E -- Krause, Johannes -- Maricic, Tomislav -- Stenzel, Udo -- Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- Rudan, Pavao -- Brajkovic, Dejana -- Kucan, Zeljko -- Gusic, Ivan -- Schmitz, Ralf -- Doronichev, Vladimir B -- Golovanova, Liubov V -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Paabo, Svante -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):318-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1174462.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. briggs@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Fossils ; Gene Library ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Geography ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 138
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-17
    Beschreibung: beta-Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease with nearly complete penetrance. We found an APP mutation [alanine-673--〉valine-673 (A673V)] that causes disease only in the homozygous state, whereas heterozygous carriers were unaffected, consistent with a recessive Mendelian trait of inheritance. The A673V mutation affected APP processing, resulting in enhanced beta-amyloid (Abeta) production and formation of amyloid fibrils in vitro. Co-incubation of mutated and wild-type peptides conferred instability on Abeta aggregates and inhibited amyloidogenesis and neurotoxicity. The highly amyloidogenic effect of the A673V mutation in the homozygous state and its anti-amyloidogenic effect in the heterozygous state account for the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and have implications for genetic screening and the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Fede, Giuseppe -- Catania, Marcella -- Morbin, Michela -- Rossi, Giacomina -- Suardi, Silvia -- Mazzoleni, Giulia -- Merlin, Marco -- Giovagnoli, Anna Rita -- Prioni, Sara -- Erbetta, Alessandra -- Falcone, Chiara -- Gobbi, Marco -- Colombo, Laura -- Bastone, Antonio -- Beeg, Marten -- Manzoni, Claudia -- Francescucci, Bruna -- Spagnoli, Alberto -- Cantu, Laura -- Del Favero, Elena -- Levy, Efrat -- Salmona, Mario -- Tagliavini, Fabrizio -- NS42029/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1473-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1168979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurology and Neuropathology, "Carlo Besta" National Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dementia/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 139
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-04
    Beschreibung: Recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. In this study, selected 2009 A(H1N1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal H1N1 virus for their ability to transmit to naive ferrets through respiratory droplets. In contrast to seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses caused increased morbidity, replicated to higher titers in lung tissue, and were recovered from the intestinal tract of intranasally inoculated ferrets. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses exhibited less efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets in comparison with the highly transmissible phenotype of a seasonal H1N1 virus. Transmission of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses was further corroborated by characterizing the binding specificity of the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated glycan receptors (in the human host) by use of dose-dependent direct receptor-binding and human lung tissue-binding assays.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953552/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953552/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maines, Taronna R -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Belser, Jessica A -- Wadford, Debra A -- Pappas, Claudia -- Zeng, Hui -- Gustin, Kortney M -- Pearce, Melissa B -- Viswanathan, Karthik -- Shriver, Zachary H -- Raman, Rahul -- Cox, Nancy J -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Tumpey, Terrence M -- GM 57073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057073-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM062116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM062116-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):484-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1177238. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/transmission/*virology ; Intestines/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/virology ; Swine ; Virus Replication
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 140
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-06
    Beschreibung: Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts involve genetic adaptations and counter-adaptations. However, hosts sometimes acquire defenses too rapidly to reflect genetic change. Our field experiments show that observation of cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) mobbing by neighbors on adjacent territories induced reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) to increase the mobbing of cuckoos but not of parrots (a harmless control) on their own territory. In contrast, observation of neighbors mobbing parrots had no effect on reed warblers' responses to either cuckoos or parrots. These results indicate that social learning provides a mechanism by which hosts rapidly increase their nest defense against brood parasites. Such enemy-specific social transmission enables hosts to track fine-scale spatiotemporal variation in parasitism and may influence the coevolutionary trajectories and population dynamics of brood parasites and hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, Nicholas B -- Welbergen, Justin A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1318-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1172227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. n.b.davies@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Birds ; Female ; Great Britain ; Learning ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Parrots ; Social Behavior ; *Songbirds ; Territoriality ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 141
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-04
    Beschreibung: Environmental change, including climate change, can cause rapid phenotypic change via both ecological and evolutionary processes. Because ecological and evolutionary dynamics are intimately linked, a major challenge is to identify their relative roles. We exactly decomposed the change in mean body weight in a free-living population of Soay sheep into all the processes that contribute to change. Ecological processes contribute most, with selection--the underpinning of adaptive evolution--explaining little of the observed phenotypic trend. Our results enable us to explain why selection has so little effect even though weight is heritable, and why environmental change has caused a decline in the body size of Soay sheep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozgul, Arpat -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Benton, Tim G -- Pemberton, Josephine M -- Clutton-Brock, Tim H -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01/AG/22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):464-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1173668. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Body Weight ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Sheep, Domestic/*anatomy & histology/growth & development
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  • 142
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-25
    Beschreibung: Mammalian mitochondria contain about 1100 proteins, nearly 300 of which are uncharacterized. Given the well-established role of mitochondrial defects in human disease, functional characterization of these proteins may shed new light on disease mechanisms. Starting with yeast as a model system, we investigated an uncharacterized but highly conserved mitochondrial protein (named here Sdh5). Both yeast and human Sdh5 interact with the catalytic subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, a component of both the electron transport chain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Sdh5 is required for SDH-dependent respiration and for Sdh1 flavination (incorporation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor). Germline loss-of-function mutations in the human SDH5 gene, located on chromosome 11q13.1, segregate with disease in a family with hereditary paraganglioma, a neuroendocrine tumor previously linked to mutations in genes encoding SDH subunits. Thus, a mitochondrial proteomics analysis in yeast has led to the discovery of a human tumor susceptibility gene.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3881419/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3881419/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hao, Huai-Xiang -- Khalimonchuk, Oleh -- Schraders, Margit -- Dephoure, Noah -- Bayley, Jean-Pierre -- Kunst, Henricus -- Devilee, Peter -- Cremers, Cor W R J -- Schiffman, Joshua D -- Bentz, Brandon G -- Gygi, Steven P -- Winge, Dennis R -- Kremer, Hannie -- Rutter, Jared -- DK071962/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM087346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES003817/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1139-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1175689. Epub 2009 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Flavoproteins/metabolism ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Male ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygen Consumption ; Paraganglioma/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Protein Subunits/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism
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  • 143
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: Reproduction with giant sperm occurs in distinct groups scattered over the animal kingdom. Although experiments in Drosophila assessed the influence of different selection pressures on this character, no information was available on its long-term stability. Sub-micrometer-resolution synchrotron quantitative phase tomography (holotomography) of exceptionally well-preserved three-dimensional Cretaceous ostracode fossils from the Brazilian Santana Formation indicates that ostracode reproduction with giant sperm persisted for at least over the past 100 million years. Remnants of the male sperm pumps as well as giant, inflated female sperm receptacles evidence that, despite high costs, reproduction with giant sperm can be an evolutionary successful strategy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke-Karasz, R -- Smith, R J -- Symonova, R -- Miller, C G -- Tafforeau, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1535. doi: 10.1126/science.1173898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Geosciences, Palaeontology, and GeoBioCenter, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), 80333 Muenchen, Germany. r.matzke@lrz.uni-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brazil ; Cell Size ; Copulation/*physiology ; Crustacea/anatomy & histology/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Fossils ; Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology ; Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatozoa/cytology/*physiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 144
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-02
    Beschreibung: Every day, individuals make dozens of choices between an alternative with higher overall value and a more tempting but ultimately inferior option. Optimal decision-making requires self-control. We propose two hypotheses about the neurobiology of self-control: (i) Goal-directed decisions have their basis in a common value signal encoded in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and (ii) exercising self-control involves the modulation of this value signal by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to monitor brain activity while dieters engaged in real decisions about food consumption. Activity in vmPFC was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self-control. It incorporated both taste and health in self-controllers but only taste in non-self-controllers. Activity in DLPFC increased when subjects exercised self-control and correlated with activity in vmPFC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hare, Todd A -- Camerer, Colin F -- Rangel, Antonio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):646-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1168450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. thare@hss.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Choice Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Diet ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Goals ; Health ; Humans ; *Internal-External Control ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reward ; Taste ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 145
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: What qualifies a neural representation for a role in subjective experience? Previous evidence suggests that the duration and intensity of the neural response to a sensory stimulus are factors. We introduce another attribute--the reproducibility of a pattern of neural activity across different episodes--that predicts specific and measurable differences between conscious and nonconscious neural representations independently of duration and intensity. We found that conscious neural activation patterns are relatively reproducible when compared with nonconscious neural activation patterns corresponding to the same perceptual content. This is not adequately explained by a difference in signal-to-noise ratio.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schurger, Aaron -- Pereira, Francisco -- Treisman, Anne -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- MH075342/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):97-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180029. Epub 2009 Nov 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. schurger@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Awareness/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Consciousness/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Unconscious (Psychology) ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; *Visual Perception ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 146
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-19
    Beschreibung: A huge research literature, across the behavioral and social sciences, uses information on individuals' subjective well-being. These are responses to questions--asked by survey interviewers or medical personnel--such as, "How happy do you feel on a scale from 1 to 4?" Yet there is little scientific evidence that such data are meaningful. This study examines a 2005-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System random sample of 1.3 million U.S. citizens. Life satisfaction in each U.S. state is measured. Across America, people's answers trace out the same pattern of quality of life as previously estimated, from solely nonsubjective data, in one branch of economics (so-called "compensating differentials" neoclassical theory, originally from Adam Smith). There is a state-by-state match (r = 0.6, P 〈 0.001) between subjective and objective well-being. This result has some potential to help to unify disciplines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oswald, Andrew J -- Wu, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):576-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180606. Epub 2009 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. andrew.oswald@warwick.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Economics ; Female ; *Happiness ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Models, Economic ; *Personal Satisfaction ; *Quality of Life ; Regression Analysis ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 147
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: Genome sequencing of large numbers of individuals promises to advance the understanding, treatment, and prevention of human diseases, among other applications. We describe a genome sequencing platform that achieves efficient imaging and low reagent consumption with combinatorial probe anchor ligation chemistry to independently assay each base from patterned nanoarrays of self-assembling DNA nanoballs. We sequenced three human genomes with this platform, generating an average of 45- to 87-fold coverage per genome and identifying 3.2 to 4.5 million sequence variants per genome. Validation of one genome data set demonstrates a sequence accuracy of about 1 false variant per 100 kilobases. The high accuracy, affordable cost of $4400 for sequencing consumables, and scalability of this platform enable complete human genome sequencing for the detection of rare variants in large-scale genetic studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drmanac, Radoje -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Callow, Matthew J -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Burns, Norman L -- Kermani, Bahram G -- Carnevali, Paolo -- Nazarenko, Igor -- Nilsen, Geoffrey B -- Yeung, George -- Dahl, Fredrik -- Fernandez, Andres -- Staker, Bryan -- Pant, Krishna P -- Baccash, Jonathan -- Borcherding, Adam P -- Brownley, Anushka -- Cedeno, Ryan -- Chen, Linsu -- Chernikoff, Dan -- Cheung, Alex -- Chirita, Razvan -- Curson, Benjamin -- Ebert, Jessica C -- Hacker, Coleen R -- Hartlage, Robert -- Hauser, Brian -- Huang, Steve -- Jiang, Yuan -- Karpinchyk, Vitali -- Koenig, Mark -- Kong, Calvin -- Landers, Tom -- Le, Catherine -- Liu, Jia -- McBride, Celeste E -- Morenzoni, Matt -- Morey, Robert E -- Mutch, Karl -- Perazich, Helena -- Perry, Kimberly -- Peters, Brock A -- Peterson, Joe -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pothuraju, Kaliprasad -- Richter, Claudia -- Rosenbaum, Abraham M -- Roy, Shaunak -- Shafto, Jay -- Sharanhovich, Uladzislau -- Shannon, Karen W -- Sheppy, Conrad G -- Sun, Michel -- Thakuria, Joseph V -- Tran, Anne -- Vu, Dylan -- Zaranek, Alexander Wait -- Wu, Xiaodi -- Drmanac, Snezana -- Oliphant, Arnold R -- Banyai, William C -- Martin, Bruce -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Church, George M -- Reid, Clifford A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):78-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1181498. Epub 2009 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Complete Genomics, Inc., 2071 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. rdrmanac@completegenomics.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Computational Biology ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Genome, Human ; Genomic Library ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Male ; *Microarray Analysis ; Nanostructures ; Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/instrumentation/*methods/standards ; Software
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 148
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-20
    Beschreibung: During mouse embryogenesis, reversion of imprinted X chromosome inactivation in the pluripotent inner cell mass of the female blastocyst is initiated by the repression of Xist from the paternal X chromosome. Here we report that key factors supporting pluripotency-Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2-bind within Xist intron 1 in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells. Whereas Nanog null ES cells display a reversible and moderate up-regulation of Xist in the absence of any apparent modification of Oct3/4 and Sox2 binding, the drastic release of all three factors from Xist intron 1 triggers rapid ectopic accumulation of Xist RNA. We conclude that the three main genetic factors underlying pluripotency cooperate to repress Xist and thus couple X inactivation reprogramming to the control of pluripotency during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Navarro, Pablo -- Chambers, Ian -- Karwacki-Neisius, Violetta -- Chureau, Corinne -- Morey, Celine -- Rougeulle, Claire -- Avner, Philip -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1693-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Unite de Genetique Moleculaire Murine, CNRS, URA2578, F-75015, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; HMGB Proteins/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; X Chromosome/physiology ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 149
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-26
    Beschreibung: The hippocampus is an area of the brain involved in learning and memory. It contains parallel excitatory pathways referred to as the trisynaptic pathway (which carries information as follows: entorhinal cortex --〉 dentate gyrus --〉 CA3 --〉 CA1 --〉 entorhinal cortex) and the monosynaptic pathway (entorhinal cortex --〉 CA1 --〉 entorhinal cortex). We developed a generally applicable tetanus toxin-based method for transgenic mice that permits inducible and reversible inhibition of synaptic transmission and applied it to the trisynaptic pathway while preserving transmission in the monosynaptic pathway. We found that synaptic output from CA3 in the trisynaptic pathway is dispensable and the short monosynaptic pathway is sufficient for incremental spatial learning. In contrast, the full trisynaptic pathway containing CA3 is required for rapid one-trial contextual learning, for pattern completion-based memory recall, and for spatial tuning of CA1 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakashiba, Toshiaki -- Young, Jennie Z -- McHugh, Thomas J -- Buhl, Derek L -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- P50-MH58880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH078821/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1260-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1151120. Epub 2008 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dentate Gyrus/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; *Maze Learning ; Mental Recall ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Tetanus Toxin/genetics
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  • 150
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):627. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.627b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Sports
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 151
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schreiber, Hans -- Rowley, Donald A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):164-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153713.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. hszz@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics/*immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Autoimmunity ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Histones/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/therapy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 152
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):625. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.625b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; *Athletic Performance ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Sports
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 153
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-21
    Beschreibung: Astrocytes have long been thought to act as a support network for neurons, with little role in information representation or processing. We used two-photon imaging of calcium signals in the ferret visual cortex in vivo to discover that astrocytes, like neurons, respond to visual stimuli, with distinct spatial receptive fields and sharp tuning to visual stimulus features including orientation and spatial frequency. The stimulus-feature preferences of astrocytes were exquisitely mapped across the cortical surface, in close register with neuronal maps. The spatially restricted stimulus-specific component of the intrinsic hemodynamic mapping signal was highly sensitive to astrocyte activation, indicating that astrocytes have a key role in coupling neuronal organization to mapping signals critical for noninvasive brain imaging. Furthermore, blocking astrocyte glutamate transporters influenced the magnitude and duration of adjacent visually driven neuronal responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schummers, James -- Yu, Hongbo -- Sur, Mriganka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aspartic Acid/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Blood Volume ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Ferrets ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/blood supply/cytology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 154
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-17
    Beschreibung: Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential extrinsic inducer of meiotic initiation in mammalian germ cells. However, RA acts too widely in mammalian development to account, by itself, for the cell-type and temporal specificity of meiotic initiation. We considered parallels to yeast, in which extrinsic and intrinsic factors combine to restrict meiotic initiation. We demonstrate that, in mouse embryos, extrinsic and intrinsic factors together regulate meiotic initiation. The mouse RNA-binding protein DAZL, which is expressed by postmigratory germ cells, is a key intrinsic factor, enabling those cells to initiate meiosis in response to RA. Within a brief developmental window, Dazl-expressing germ cells in both XX and XY embryos actively acquire the ability to interpret RA as a meiosis-inducing signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Yanfeng -- Gill, Mark E -- Koubova, Jana -- Page, David C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1685-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; DNA Breaks ; DNA Repair ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology/physiology ; Endodeoxyribonucleases ; Esterases/metabolism ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ovary/embryology/physiology ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/physiology ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
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  • 155
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-07
    Beschreibung: In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the female. The noncoding Xist gene initiates silencing of the X chromosome, whereas its antisense partner Tsix blocks silencing. The complementarity of Xist and Tsix RNAs has long suggested a role for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we report that murine Xist and Tsix form duplexes in vivo. During XCI, the duplexes are processed to small RNAs (sRNAs), most likely on the active X (Xa) in a Dicer-dependent manner. Deleting Dicer compromises sRNA production and derepresses Xist. Furthermore, without Dicer, Xist RNA cannot accumulate and histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is blocked on the inactive X (Xi). The defects are partially rescued by truncating Tsix. Thus, XCI and RNAi intersect, down-regulating Xist on Xa and spreading silencing on Xi.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2584363/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2584363/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, Yuya -- Sun, Bryan K -- Lee, Jeannie T -- R01 GM058839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1336-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1157676.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Histones/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ribonuclease III ; X Chromosome/*genetics/metabolism ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
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  • 156
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-31
    Beschreibung: The mapping of numbers onto space is fundamental to measurement and to mathematics. Is this mapping a cultural invention or a universal intuition shared by all humans regardless of culture and education? We probed number-space mappings in the Mundurucu, an Amazonian indigene group with a reduced numerical lexicon and little or no formal education. At all ages, the Mundurucu mapped symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers onto a logarithmic scale, whereas Western adults used linear mapping with small or symbolic numbers and logarithmic mapping when numbers were presented nonsymbolically under conditions that discouraged counting. This indicates that the mapping of numbers onto space is a universal intuition and that this initial intuition of number is logarithmic. The concept of a linear number line appears to be a cultural invention that fails to develop in the absence of formal education.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Izard, Veronique -- Spelke, Elizabeth -- Pica, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1217-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1156540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Federatif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Brazil ; Child ; *Cultural Evolution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Intuition ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Middle Aged
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  • 157
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-26
    Beschreibung: After disappointing results from all efficacy trials conducted to date, the field of microbicides research now faces substantial challenges. Poor coordination among interested parties and the choice of nonvalidated scientific targets for phase III studies have hampered progress and created mistrust about the use of microbicides as a method to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. Although new promising strategies are available, there will need to be serious reappraisals of how decisions are made to advance the next generations of candidates into clinical trials, and the use of appropriate animal models in this process will be critical.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Robert M -- Hamer, Dean -- Hope, Thomas -- Johnston, Rowena -- Lange, Joep -- Lederman, Michael M -- Lieberman, Judy -- Miller, Christopher J -- Moore, John P -- Mosier, Donald E -- Richman, Douglas D -- Schooley, Robert T -- Springer, Marty S -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Wainberg, Mark A -- U19 AI076981/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI076981-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):532-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1160355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. David Gladstone Institutes, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic ; use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Polymers/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Primates ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*administration & ; dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Vaginal Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control
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  • 158
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):368-9. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5900.368b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bone and Bones/*chemistry ; Collagen/*chemistry ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/*analysis ; Male ; Netherlands ; Scurvy/diagnosis/*history
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  • 159
    facet.materialart.
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyon, Bruce E -- Chaine, Alexis S -- Winkler, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1051-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1159822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lyon@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Cues ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Oviposition ; Passeriformes/genetics/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Photoperiod ; Seasons ; Selection, Genetic ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 160
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machin, Stephen -- Pekkarinen, Tuomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1331-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1162573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Achievement ; Adolescent ; *Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Internationality ; Male ; Mathematics ; Reading ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 161
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-01
    Beschreibung: Current theories hypothesize that dopamine neuronal firing encodes reward prediction errors. Although studies in nonhuman species provide direct support for this theory, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans have focused on brain areas targeted by dopamine neurons [ventral striatum (VStr)] rather than on brainstem dopaminergic nuclei [ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra]. We used fMRI tailored to directly image the brainstem. When primary rewards were used in an experiment, the VTA blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response reflected a positive reward prediction error, whereas the VStr encoded positive and negative reward prediction errors. When monetary gains and losses were used, VTA BOLD responses reflected positive reward prediction errors modulated by the probability of winning. We detected no significant VTA BOLD response to nonrewarding events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Ardenne, Kimberlee -- McClure, Samuel M -- Nystrom, Leigh E -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- F32 MH072141/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH062196/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1150605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dardenne@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Probability ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*physiology
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  • 162
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-08
    Beschreibung: Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetes-associated complications. Increases in the concentration of circulating glucose activate the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and promote the O-glycosylation of proteins by O-glycosyl transferase (OGT). We show that OGT triggered hepatic gluconeogenesis through the O-glycosylation of the transducer of regulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) 2 (TORC2 or CRTC2). CRTC2 was O-glycosylated at sites that normally sequester CRTC2 in the cytoplasm through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. Decreasing amounts of O-glycosylated CRTC2 by expression of the deglycosylating enzyme O-GlcNAcase blocked effects of glucose on gluconeogenesis, demonstrating the importance of the HBP in the development of glucose intolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dentin, Renaud -- Hedrick, Susan -- Xie, Jianxin -- Yates, John 3rd -- Montminy, Marc -- R01 GM037828/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1402-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1151363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; *Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Glycosyltransferases/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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  • 163
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-20
    Beschreibung: Nuclear reprogramming describes a switch in gene expression of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type. Early studies in frog cloning provided some of the first experimental evidence for reprogramming. Subsequent procedures included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, induction of pluripotency by ectopic gene expression, and direct reprogramming. Through these methods it becomes possible to derive one kind of specialized cell (such as a brain cell) from another, more accessible, tissue (such as skin) in the same individual. This has potential applications for cell replacement without the immunosuppression treatments that are required when cells are transferred between genetically different individuals. This article provides some background to this field, a discussion of mechanisms and efficiency, and comments on prospects for future nuclear reprogramming research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurdon, J B -- Melton, D A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1811-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160810.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 12N, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Lineage ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/cytology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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  • 164
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-20
    Beschreibung: The repeated discovery of adult dinosaurs in close association with egg clutches leads to speculation over the type and extent of care exhibited by these extinct animals for their eggs and young. To assess parental care in Cretaceous troodontid and oviraptorid dinosaurs, we examined clutch volume and the bone histology of brooding adults. In comparison to four archosaur care regressions, the relatively large clutch volumes of Troodon, Oviraptor, and Citipati scale most closely with a bird-paternal care model. Clutch-associated adults lack the maternal and reproductively associated histologic features common to extant archosaurs. Large clutch volumes and a suite of reproductive features shared only with birds favor paternal care, possibly within a polygamous mating system. Paternal care in both troodontids and oviraptorids indicates that this care system evolved before the emergence of birds and represents birds' ancestral condition. In extant birds and over most adult sizes, paternal and biparental care correspond to the largest and smallest relative clutch volumes, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varricchio, David J -- Moore, Jason R -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Norell, Mark A -- Jackson, Frankie D -- Borkowski, John J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1826-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1163245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. djv@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 165
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-24
    Beschreibung: Taguchi et al. (Reports, 20 July 2007, p. 369) reported that mice heterozygous for a null mutation in insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) display a 17% increase in median life span. However, using the same mouse model, we find no evidence for life-span extension and suggest that the findings of Taguchi et al. were due to atypical life-span profiles in their study animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selman, Colin -- Lingard, Steven -- Gems, David -- Partridge, Linda -- Withers, Dominic J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1012; author reply 1012. doi: 10.1126/science.1152366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Research Design ; Signal Transduction
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  • 166
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Lay, Paul R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1631. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5896.1631a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Preventive Health Services/*economics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 167
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-09
    Beschreibung: We have developed a biomechanical energy harvester that generates electricity during human walking with little extra effort. Unlike conventional human-powered generators that use positive muscle work, our technology assists muscles in performing negative work, analogous to regenerative braking in hybrid cars, where energy normally dissipated during braking drives a generator instead. The energy harvester mounts at the knee and selectively engages power generation at the end of the swing phase, thus assisting deceleration of the joint. Test subjects walking with one device on each leg produced an average of 5 watts of electricity, which is about 10 times that of shoe-mounted devices. The cost of harvesting-the additional metabolic power required to produce 1 watt of electricity-is less than one-eighth of that for conventional human power generation. Producing substantial electricity with little extra effort makes this method well-suited for charging powered prosthetic limbs and other portable medical devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donelan, J M -- Li, Q -- Naing, V -- Hoffer, J A -- Weber, D J -- Kuo, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):807-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1149860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. mdonelan@sfu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Electricity ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; *Walking
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  • 168
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-06
    Beschreibung: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. To identify the genetic alterations in GBMs, we sequenced 20,661 protein coding genes, determined the presence of amplifications and deletions using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, and performed gene expression analyses using next-generation sequencing technologies in 22 human tumor samples. This comprehensive analysis led to the discovery of a variety of genes that were not known to be altered in GBMs. Most notably, we found recurrent mutations in the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in 12% of GBM patients. Mutations in IDH1 occurred in a large fraction of young patients and in most patients with secondary GBMs and were associated with an increase in overall survival. These studies demonstrate the value of unbiased genomic analyses in the characterization of human brain cancer and identify a potentially useful genetic alteration for the classification and targeted therapy of GBMs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Zhang, Xiaosong -- Lin, Jimmy Cheng-Ho -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Angenendt, Philipp -- Mankoo, Parminder -- Carter, Hannah -- Siu, I-Mei -- Gallia, Gary L -- Olivi, Alessandro -- McLendon, Roger -- Rasheed, B Ahmed -- Keir, Stephen -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Busam, Dana A -- Tekleab, Hanna -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Doug R -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Marie, Suely Kazue Nagahashi -- Shinjo, Sueli Mieko Oba -- Yan, Hai -- Riggins, Gregory J -- Bigner, Darell D -- Karchin, Rachel -- Papadopoulos, Nick -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- 5P50-NS-20023/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- CA09547/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA108786/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA11898/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS052507/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924-160017/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140316/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-17/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1807-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1164382. Epub 2008 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human ; Glioblastoma/*genetics/mortality ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Survival Rate
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  • 169
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-06
    Beschreibung: A long-standing conjecture in neuroscience is that aspects of cognition depend on the brain's ability to self-generate sequential neuronal activity. We found that reliably and continually changing cell assemblies in the rat hippocampus appeared not only during spatial navigation but also in the absence of changing environmental or body-derived inputs. During the delay period of a memory task, each moment in time was characterized by the activity of a particular assembly of neurons. Identical initial conditions triggered a similar assembly sequence, whereas different conditions gave rise to different sequences, thereby predicting behavioral choices, including errors. Such sequences were not formed in control (nonmemory) tasks. We hypothesize that neuronal representations, evolved for encoding distance in spatial navigation, also support episodic recall and the planning of action sequences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570043/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570043/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastalkova, Eva -- Itskov, Vladimir -- Amarasingham, Asohan -- Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- MH54671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS34994/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH054671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH054671-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034994/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034994-11/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1322-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Choice Behavior ; Cues ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans
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  • 170
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens in experimental settings of infection. We describe a distinct situation in a natural setting of human infection. Nine children with autosomal recessive MyD88 deficiency suffered from life-threatening, often recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease. However, these patients were otherwise healthy, with normal resistance to other microbes. Their clinical status improved with age, but not due to any cellular leakiness in MyD88 deficiency. The MyD88-dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore essential for protective immunity to a small number of pyogenic bacteria, but redundant for host defense to most natural infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Bernuth, Horst -- Picard, Capucine -- Jin, Zhongbo -- Pankla, Rungnapa -- Xiao, Hui -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Chrabieh, Maya -- Mustapha, Imen Ben -- Ghandil, Pegah -- Camcioglu, Yildiz -- Vasconcelos, Julia -- Sirvent, Nicolas -- Guedes, Margarida -- Vitor, Artur Bonito -- Herrero-Mata, Maria Jose -- Arostegui, Juan Ignacio -- Rodrigo, Carlos -- Alsina, Laia -- Ruiz-Ortiz, Estibaliz -- Juan, Manel -- Fortuny, Claudia -- Yague, Jordi -- Anton, Jordi -- Pascal, Mariona -- Chang, Huey-Hsuan -- Janniere, Lucile -- Rose, Yoann -- Garty, Ben-Zion -- Chapel, Helen -- Issekutz, Andrew -- Marodi, Laszlo -- Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos -- Banchereau, Jacques -- Abel, Laurent -- Li, Xiaoxia -- Chaussabel, Damien -- Puel, Anne -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- U19 AI057234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057234-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AIO57234-02/PHS HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):691-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1158298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U550, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections/*genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation, Missense ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Pneumococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Pseudomonas Infections/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 171
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1483. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5869.1483b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Larynx/*physiology ; *Learning ; Male ; *Music ; Pitch Perception ; Sound
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 172
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-09
    Beschreibung: To sustain or repair cooperation during a social exchange, adaptive creatures must understand social gestures and the consequences when shared expectations about fair exchange are violated by accident or intent. We recruited 55 individuals afflicted with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to play a multiround economic exchange game with healthy partners. Behaviorally, individuals with BPD showed a profound incapacity to maintain cooperation, and were impaired in their ability to repair broken cooperation on the basis of a quantitative measure of coaxing. Neurally, activity in the anterior insula, a region known to respond to norm violations across affective, interoceptive, economic, and social dimensions, strongly differentiated healthy participants from individuals with BPD. Healthy subjects showed a strong linear relation between anterior insula response and both magnitude of monetary offer received from their partner (input) and the amount of money repaid to their partner (output). In stark contrast, activity in the anterior insula of BPD participants was related only to the magnitude of repayment sent back to their partner (output), not to the magnitude of offers received (input). These neural and behavioral data suggest that norms used in perception of social gestures are pathologically perturbed or missing altogether among individuals with BPD. This game-theoretic approach to psychopathology may open doors to new ways of characterizing and studying a range of mental illnesses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King-Casas, Brooks -- Sharp, Carla -- Lomax-Bream, Laura -- Lohrenz, Terry -- Fonagy, Peter -- Montague, P Read -- DA11723/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F32 MH078485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH078485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH52797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS045790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA011723/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH052797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):806-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1156902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computational Psychiatry Unit and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Borderline Personality Disorder/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiopathology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; *Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiopathology ; Social Behavior ; Trust/*psychology
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  • 173
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-04-26
    Beschreibung: The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects complex chemical signals that convey information about gender, strain, and the social and reproductive status of an individual. How these signals are encoded is poorly understood. We developed transgenic mice expressing the calcium indicator G-CaMP2 and analyzed population responses of vomeronasal neurons to urine from individual animals. A substantial portion of cells was activated by either male or female urine, but only a small population of cells responded exclusively to gender-specific cues shared across strains and individuals. Female cues activated more cells and were subject to more complex hormonal regulations than male cues. In contrast to gender, strain and individual information was encoded by the combinatorial activation of neurons such that urine from different individuals activated distinctive cell populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602951/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602951/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Jie -- Ma, Limei -- Kim, Sangseong -- Nakai, Junichi -- Yu, C Ron -- NIDCD 008003/PHS HHS/ -- R01 DC008003/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008003-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):535-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1154476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cluster Analysis ; Cues ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; *Pheromones ; Principal Component Analysis ; Receptors, Pheromone/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Urine/chemistry ; Vomeronasal Organ/cytology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 174
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-29
    Beschreibung: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 175
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-19
    Beschreibung: Sleep is an essential process conserved from flies to humans. The importance of sleep is underscored by its tight homeostatic control. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified a gene, sleepless, required for sleep in Drosophila. The sleepless gene encodes a brain-enriched, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Loss of SLEEPLESS protein caused an extreme (〉80%) reduction in sleep; a moderate reduction in SLEEPLESS had minimal effects on baseline sleep but markedly reduced the amount of recovery sleep after sleep deprivation. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that quiver, a mutation that impairs Shaker-dependent potassium current, is an allele of sleepless. Consistent with this finding, Shaker protein levels were reduced in sleepless mutants. We propose that SLEEPLESS is a signaling molecule that connects sleep drive to lowered membrane excitability.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771549/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771549/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Kyunghee -- Joiner, William J -- Wu, Mark N -- Yue, Zhifeng -- Smith, Corinne J -- Sehgal, Amita -- AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628-070004/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS072431/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):372-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1155942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Homeostasis ; Longevity ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; *Models, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep/genetics/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Transgenes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 176
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-01
    Beschreibung: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder characterized pathologically by ubiquitinated TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) inclusions. The function of TDP-43 in the nervous system is uncertain, and a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. We identified neighboring mutations in a highly conserved region of TARDBP in sporadic and familial ALS cases. TARDBPM337V segregated with disease within one kindred and a genome-wide scan confirmed that linkage was restricted to chromosome 1p36, which contains the TARDBP locus. Mutant forms of TDP-43 fragmented in vitro more readily than wild type and, in vivo, caused neural apoptosis and developmental delay in the chick embryo. Our evidence suggests a pathophysiological link between TDP-43 and ALS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreedharan, Jemeen -- Blair, Ian P -- Tripathi, Vineeta B -- Hu, Xun -- Vance, Caroline -- Rogelj, Boris -- Ackerley, Steven -- Durnall, Jennifer C -- Williams, Kelly L -- Buratti, Emanuele -- Baralle, Francisco -- de Belleroche, Jacqueline -- Mitchell, J Douglas -- Leigh, P Nigel -- Al-Chalabi, Ammar -- Miller, Christopher C -- Nicholson, Garth -- Shaw, Christopher E -- G0500289/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501573/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600974/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1668-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1154584. Epub 2008 Feb 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, and Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; Chick Embryo ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; *Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/cytology/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 177
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-25
    Beschreibung: "Warmth" is the most powerful personality trait in social judgment, and attachment theorists have stressed the importance of warm physical contact with caregivers during infancy for healthy relationships in adulthood. Intriguingly, recent research in humans points to the involvement of the insula in the processing of both physical temperature and interpersonal warmth (trust) information. Accordingly, we hypothesized that experiences of physical warmth (or coldness) would increase feelings of interpersonal warmth (or coldness), without the person's awareness of this influence. In study 1, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a "warmer" personality (generous, caring); in study 2, participants holding a hot (versus cold) therapeutic pad were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of for themselves.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737341/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737341/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Lawrence E -- Bargh, John A -- MH-R01-60767/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060767-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):606-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1162548.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 419, Boulder, CO, 80309-0419, USA. lawrence.williams@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cold Temperature ; Emotions ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Judgment ; Male ; Personality ; Social Behavior ; *Social Perception ; *Thermosensing ; *Trust
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 178
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1146-7. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5880.1146b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *DNA, Mitochondrial ; Emigration and Immigration ; Freezing ; Genetic Markers ; Greenland ; Hair/*chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Inuits/*genetics ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 179
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-27
    Beschreibung: Pluripotent stem cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by viral expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. A major limitation of this technology is the use of potentially harmful genome-integrating viruses. We generated mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts and liver cells by using nonintegrating adenoviruses transiently expressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. These adenoviral iPS (adeno-iPS) cells show DNA demethylation characteristic of reprogrammed cells, express endogenous pluripotency genes, form teratomas, and contribute to multiple tissues, including the germ line, in chimeric mice. Our results provide strong evidence that insertional mutagenesis is not required for in vitro reprogramming. Adenoviral reprogramming may provide an improved method for generating and studying patient-specific stem cells and for comparing embryonic stem cells and iPS cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stadtfeld, Matthias -- Nagaya, Masaki -- Utikal, Jochen -- Weir, Gordon -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- DP2 OD003266/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):945-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1162494. Epub 2008 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoviridae/*genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/metabolism/virology ; Genes, myc ; *Genetic Vectors ; Hepatocytes/*cytology/metabolism/virology ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Liver/cytology/embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Teratoma/etiology ; Transgenes ; Virus Integration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 180
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-09
    Beschreibung: Previous studies have reported that related human couples tend to produce more children than unrelated couples but have been unable to determine whether this difference is biological or stems from socioeconomic variables. Our results, drawn from all known couples of the Icelandic population born between 1800 and 1965, show a significant positive association between kinship and fertility, with the greatest reproductive success observed for couples related at the level of third and fourth cousins. Owing to the relative socioeconomic homogeneity of Icelanders, and the observation of highly significant differences in the fertility of couples separated by very fine intervals of kinship, we conclude that this association is likely to have a biological basis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helgason, Agnar -- Palsson, Saebjorn -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Kristjansson, Thornordur -- Stefansson, Kari -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):813-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1150232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. agnar@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Consanguinity ; *Family ; *Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 181
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoubridge, Eric A -- Wai, Timothy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):914-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1154515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. eric@ericpc.mni.mcgill.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/physiology ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 182
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):838. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5903.838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics/economics/methods ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 183
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-11
    Beschreibung: Naturally occurring Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Here, we show that a specific deficiency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in Tregs results in spontaneous development of systemic lymphoproliferation, fatal T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, and hyperproduction of immunoglobulin E in mice, and it also produces potent tumor immunity. Treg-specific CTLA-4 deficiency impairs in vivo and in vitro suppressive function of Tregs-in particular, Treg-mediated down-regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression on dendritic cells. Thus, natural Tregs may critically require CTLA-4 to suppress immune responses by affecting the potency of antigen-presenting cells to activate other T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wing, Kajsa -- Onishi, Yasushi -- Prieto-Martin, Paz -- Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki -- Miyara, Makoto -- Fehervari, Zoltan -- Nomura, Takashi -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):271-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86/metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; *Autoimmunity ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Leukemia/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 184
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-19
    Beschreibung: The frontal eye field (FEF) is one of several cortical regions thought to modulate sensory inputs. Moreover, several hypotheses suggest that the FEF can only modulate early visual areas in the presence of a visual stimulus. To test for bottom-up gating of frontal signals, we microstimulated subregions in the FEF of two monkeys and measured the effects throughout the brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The activity of higher-order visual areas was strongly modulated by FEF stimulation, independent of visual stimulation. In contrast, FEF stimulation induced a topographically specific pattern of enhancement and suppression in early visual areas, but only in the presence of a visual stimulus. Modulation strength depended on stimulus contrast and on the presence of distractors. We conclude that bottom-up activation is needed to enable top-down modulation of early visual cortex and that stimulus saliency determines the strength of this modulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3011100/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3011100/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ekstrom, Leeland B -- Roelfsema, Pieter R -- Arsenault, John T -- Bonmassar, Giorgio -- Vanduffel, Wim -- P41 RR014075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR014075-13/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41RR14075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000790/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000790-05/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):414-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1153276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ; Fixation, Ocular ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; Saccades ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 185
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-21
    Beschreibung: The control of innate immune responses through activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB is essential for the elimination of invading microbial pathogens. We showed that the bacterial N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (C12) selectively impairs the regulation of NF-kappaB functions in activated mammalian cells. The consequence is specific repression of stimulus-mediated induction of NF-kappaB-responsive genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and other immune regulators. These findings uncover a strategy by which C12-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, attenuate the innate immune system to establish and maintain local persistent infection in humans, for example, in cystic fibrosis patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kravchenko, Vladimir V -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Mathison, John C -- Scott, David A -- Katz, Alexander Z -- Grauer, David C -- Lehmann, Mandy -- Meijler, Michael M -- Janda, Kim D -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):259-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1156499. Epub 2008 Jun 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pseudomonas Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 186
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-16
    Beschreibung: The majority of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that cause human disease are mild to moderately deleterious, yet many random mtDNA mutations would be expected to be severe. To determine the fate of the more severe mtDNA mutations, we introduced mtDNAs containing two mutations that affect oxidative phosphorylation into the female mouse germ line. The severe ND6 mutation was selectively eliminated during oogenesis within four generations, whereas the milder COI mutation was retained throughout multiple generations even though the offspring consistently developed mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Thus, severe mtDNA mutations appear to be selectively eliminated from the female germ line, thereby minimizing their impact on population fitness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049809/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049809/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, Weiwei -- Waymire, Katrina G -- Narula, Navneet -- Li, Peng -- Rocher, Christophe -- Coskun, Pinar E -- Vannan, Mani A -- Narula, Jagat -- Macgregor, Grant R -- Wallace, Douglas C -- AG13154/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG24373/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DK73691/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD45913/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS21328/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD045913-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):958-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1147786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/genetics/pathology ; Cell Line ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Litter Size ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Mitochondrial Myopathies/*genetics/pathology ; Mutation, Missense ; Myocardium/pathology ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Point Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 187
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-29
    Beschreibung: Hepatic glucose production is critical for basal brain function and survival when dietary glucose is unavailable. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is an essential, rate-limiting enzyme that serves as a terminal gatekeeper for hepatic glucose release into the plasma. Mutations in G6Pase result in Von Gierke's disease (glycogen storage disease-1a), a potentially fatal genetic disorder. We have identified the transcriptional coactivator SRC-2 as a regulator of fasting hepatic glucose release, a function that SRC-2 performs by controlling the expression of hepatic G6Pase. SRC-2 modulates G6Pase expression directly by acting as a coactivator with the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha. In addition, SRC-2 ablation, in both a whole-body and liver-specific manner, resulted in a Von Gierke's disease phenotype in mice. Our results position SRC-2 as a critical regulator of mammalian glucose production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668604/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668604/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chopra, Atul R -- Louet, Jean-Francois -- Saha, Pradip -- An, Jie -- Demayo, Franco -- Xu, Jianming -- York, Brian -- Karpen, Saul -- Finegold, Milton -- Moore, David -- Chan, Lawrence -- Newgard, Christopher B -- O'Malley, Bert W -- DK58242/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL51586/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK059820/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK059820-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK58398/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK59820/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056239/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056239-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1395-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1164847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Fasting ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*genetics/metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/*genetics/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Response Elements ; Transcription, Genetic ; Triglycerides/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 188
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-26
    Beschreibung: High copy number and random segregation confound genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome. We developed an efficient selection for heritable mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations in Drosophila, thereby enhancing a metazoan model for study of mitochondrial genetics and mutations causing human mitochondrial disease. Targeting a restriction enzyme to mitochondria in the germline compromised fertility, but escaper progeny carried homoplasmic mtDNA mutations lacking the cleavage site. Among mutations eliminating a site in the cytochrome c oxidase gene, mt:CoI(A302T) was healthy, mt:CoI(R301L) was male sterile but otherwise healthy, and mt:CoI(R301S) exhibited a wide range of defects, including growth retardation, neurodegeneration, muscular atrophy, male sterility, and reduced life span. Thus, germline expression of mitochondrial restriction enzymes creates a powerful selection and has allowed direct isolation of mitochondrial mutants in a metazoan.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754248/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754248/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Hong -- DeLuca, Steven Z -- O'Farrell, Patrick H -- R01 AI060102/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060102-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM037193/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM037193-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086854/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086854-09A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):575-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1160226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Eye/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Female ; Genome, Insect ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Muscles/ultrastructure ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal ; *Mutation ; Spermatogenesis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 189
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prum, Richard O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1799-800. doi: 10.1126/science.1168808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 208105, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. richard.prum@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 190
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-09
    Beschreibung: Our ability to remember what we have seen is very limited. Most current views characterize this limit as a fixed number of items-only four objects-that can be held in visual working memory. We show that visual memory capacity is not fixed by the number of objects, but rather is a limited resource that is shared out dynamically between all items in the visual scene. This resource can be shifted flexibly between objects, with allocation biased by selective attention and toward targets of upcoming eye movements. The proportion of resources allocated to each item determines the precision with which it is remembered, a relation that we show is governed by a simple power law, allowing quantitative estimates of resource distribution in a scene.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bays, Paul M -- Husain, Masud -- 061140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):851-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1158023.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK. p.bays@ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Attention ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; *Mental Recall ; Models, Neurological ; *Saccades ; Vision, Ocular ; *Visual Perception
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  • 191
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-31
    Beschreibung: Close relatedness has long been considered crucial to the evolution of eusociality. However, it has recently been suggested that close relatedness may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of eusociality. We tested this idea with a comparative analysis of female mating frequencies in 267 species of eusocial bees, wasps, and ants. We found that mating with a single male, which maximizes relatedness, is ancestral for all eight independent eusocial lineages that we investigated. Mating with multiple males is always derived. Furthermore, we found that high polyandry (〉2 effective mates) occurs only in lineages whose workers have lost reproductive totipotency. These results provide the first evidence that monogamy was critical in the evolution of eusociality, strongly supporting the prediction of inclusive fitness theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, William O H -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- Beekman, Madeleine -- Ratnieks, Francis L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1213-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1156108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. w.o.h.hughes@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Altruism ; Animals ; Ants ; Bees ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior ; Sociobiology ; Wasps
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  • 192
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):487. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5888.487a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Cephalometry ; Female ; *Friends ; Head/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Organ Size ; Personality ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 193
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyde, Janet S -- Lindberg, Sara M -- Linn, Marcia C -- Ellis, Amy B -- Williams, Caroline C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):494-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160364.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jshyde@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Achievement ; Adolescent ; Aptitude ; Career Choice ; Child ; Educational Measurement ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Problem Solving ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 194
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):625. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.625a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Athletic Performance ; *Body Temperature ; Cold Temperature ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Running
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 195
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1441. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5895.1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Migration ; Animals ; Asia ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crime ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 196
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-04-05
    Beschreibung: Whereas gamma-band neuronal oscillations clearly appear integral to visual attention, the role of lower-frequency oscillations is still being debated. Mounting evidence indicates that a key functional property of these oscillations is the rhythmic shifting of excitability in local neuronal ensembles. Here, we show that when attended stimuli are in a rhythmic stream, delta-band oscillations in the primary visual cortex entrain to the rhythm of the stream, resulting in increased response gain for task-relevant events and decreased reaction times. Because of hierarchical cross-frequency coupling, delta phase also determines momentary power in higher-frequency activity. These instrumental functions of low-frequency oscillations support a conceptual framework that integrates numerous earlier findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lakatos, Peter -- Karmos, George -- Mehta, Ashesh D -- Ulbert, Istvan -- Schroeder, Charles E -- MH060358/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):110-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1154735.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Cues ; Delta Rhythm ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Periodicity ; Photic Stimulation ; Reaction Time ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Perception
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  • 197
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-17
    Beschreibung: Helgason et al. (Reports, 8 February 2008, p. 813) reported a positive association between kinship and fertility in the Icelandic population. We point out that the data further suggest that fertility initially increases with kinship and then decays. This is supported by another large study on the Danish population suggesting a superposition of effects of inbreeding and outbreeding depression on human fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labouriau, Rodrigo -- Amorim, Antonio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1634; author reply 1634. doi: 10.1126/science.1161907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. rodrigo.labouriau@agrsci.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Consanguinity ; Denmark ; *Family ; *Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 198
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-22
    Beschreibung: Metabolic regulation in mammals requires communication between multiple organs and tissues. The rise in the incidence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, has renewed interest in interorgan communication. We used mouse models to explore the mechanism whereby obesity enhances pancreatic beta cell mass, pathophysiological compensation for insulin resistance. We found that hepatic activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling induced pancreatic beta cell proliferation through a neuronal-mediated relay of metabolic signals. This metabolic relay from the liver to the pancreas is involved in obesity-induced islet expansion. In mouse models of insulin-deficient diabetes, liver-selective activation of ERK signaling increased beta cell mass and normalized serum glucose levels. Thus, interorgan metabolic relay systems may serve as valuable targets in regenerative treatments for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, Junta -- Katagiri, Hideki -- Yamada, Tetsuya -- Ishigaki, Yasushi -- Suzuki, Toshinobu -- Kudo, Hirohito -- Uno, Kenji -- Hasegawa, Yutaka -- Gao, Junhong -- Kaneko, Keizo -- Ishihara, Hisamitsu -- Niijima, Akira -- Nakazato, Masamitsu -- Asano, Tomoichiro -- Minokoshi, Yasuhiko -- Oka, Yoshitomo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1250-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1163971.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Central Nervous System/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Hyperplasia ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Liver/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Pancreas/innervation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Vagus Nerve/cytology/metabolism ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-09
    Beschreibung: Parasitism can be a major constraint on host condition and an important selective force. Theoretical and empirical evidence shows that maternal condition affects relative investment in sons and daughters; however, the effect of parasitism on sex ratio in vertebrates is seldom considered. We demonstrate experimentally that parasitism constrains the ability of mothers to rear sons in a long-lived seabird, the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis. The effect contributes to the decline in offspring survival as the breeding season progresses and hence has important population-level consequences for this, and potentially other, seasonal breeders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reed, T E -- Daunt, F -- Hall, M E -- Phillips, R A -- Wanless, S -- Cunningham, E J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1681-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1159466. Epub 2008 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. tomreed@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use ; Ascaridida Infections/drug therapy/physiopathology/*veterinary ; Ascaridoidea ; Bird Diseases/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Birds/*parasitology/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Ivermectin/*therapeutic use ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sex Ratio ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-17
    Beschreibung: Models of cognitive control posit a key modulatory role for the pontine locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. In nonhuman primates, phasic LC-NE activity confers adaptive adjustments in cortical gain in task-relevant brain networks, and in performance, on a trial-by-trial basis. This model has remained untested in humans. We used the pharmacological agent modafinil to promote low-tonic/high-phasic LC-NE activity in healthy humans performing a cognitive control task during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Modafanil administration was associated with decreased task-independent, tonic LC activity, increased task-related LC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, and enhanced LC-PFC functional connectivity. These results confirm in humans the role of the LC-NE system in PFC function and cognitive control and suggest a mechanism for therapeutic action of procognitive noradrenergic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minzenberg, Michael J -- Watrous, Andrew J -- Yoon, Jong H -- Ursu, Stefan -- Carter, Cameron S -- MH059883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024146/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1700-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1164908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA. michael.minzenberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Benzhydryl Compounds/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; *Cognition/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Locus Coeruleus/drug effects/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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