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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted to determine growth parameters, catch and fishing effort trends, stock assessment and Acceptable Biological Catch (ABC) of bony fishes in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea in the years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. According to the result, the numbers of beach seines were 131 and 128 and their fishing efforts were observed 50184 and 42255 beach seining during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The catch per unit of effort CPUE) was calculated 182.9 and 205.6 kg/haul during two sampling periods, respectively. The total catches (including illegal fishing) were also obtained 16601.5 mt and 17034.1 mt during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The highest proportion of catch was belonged to kutum and golden grey mullet (86% and 88%, respectively) in two fishing seasons aforementioned above. Growth parameters of kutum were estimated as K=0.21/yr, L∞ = 60.0 cm, t0 = 0/yr. The Growth parameters were K=0.18/yr, L∞ = 61.1 cm, t0 = -0.14/yr for golden gray mullet and were K=0.12/yr, L∞ = 73.6 cm, t0 = 0.92/yr for common carp. Based on catch-at-age data, in the years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, the total biomass, from the biomass-based cohort analysis were estimated 41700mt and 34400 mt for kutum and 14600 mt and 14400 mt for golden grey mullet, respectively. The reference points of F0.1 and F35% were 0.41/yr and 0.34/yr for kutum and 0.36/yr and 0.33/yr for golden grey mullet, respectively. Stock enhancement plays an important role in recovery of kutum stocks in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea. There is a significantly negative correlation between fingerlings released and condition factor (CF) and recruitment and CF. The different trends for fingerlings, recruitments and CF suggest that CF may be partly density-dependent, declining at high population sizes due to intra-specific competition. Therefore, more research should be conducted to determine the desirable level of artificial propagation. Food consumed by fish species, Rutilus frisii kutum, Rutilus rutilus caspicus, Cyprinus carpio, Liza auratus and Liza saliens were included Foraminifera, Porifera, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, filamentous algae, fish eggs and detritus.The results showed that Rutilusfrisii kutum generally feed on Balanus and Cerastorderma. The main food item for Cyprinuscarpio, Liza auratus and Liza salienswas detritus. Based on available models, the ABCs were estimated as 6600-7400 mt for kutum and 2200-2800 mt for golden grey mullet (with precautionary approach 6600 mt and 2200 mt for kutum and mullet, respectively) in 2011-12. Two species (kutum and golden grey mullet) are vulnerable to environmental factors, and these factors should be considered in the stock assessment and management of the fish. For two species, the ABC with a lower andmore accurate value based onmore information, should be selectedfor the implementation of a precautionary management approach.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bony fishes ; Growth ; Mortality ; Biomass ; Acceptable biological catch ; Population ; Stock assessment ; Fishing ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus ; Cyprinus carpio ; Liza auratus ; Algae ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A sharp decline in natural population of Caspian brown trout lead to implementing of restocking program in Iran. Along the stock recovery program, the artificial production of this species has been attracted too much attention in recent years. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of protein and energy levels of diet on fish performance, growth efficiency of Caspian brown trout in order to develop a proper diet for production of this species. Six experimental diets were formulated by replacing casein as a pure protein source with fat as an energy source in the diets according to a 3×2 factorial design. The diet was assigned to 18 tanks with 50 fish each, with three replicated for each diet. The experiment was conducted for 8-weeks with Caspian brown trout with an initial body weight of around 7 g. Caspian brown trout demonstrated a better FCR and a larger SGR at lower protein levels (45 and 50%) in comparison to high protein level (55%; P〈0.05). Protein efficiency ratio improved by a decrease in protein content of the diet (P〈0.05), but energy content of diets does not affect any growth related parameter such as FCR, SGR and PER. There was also no interaction between protein and energy levels in the growth related parameters, suggesting the effect of protein on the growth parameters in Caspian brown trout did not depend on energy levels of diet. In conclusion diet containing 50% protein can support the maximum growth. High dietary energy level of the diet dose in cooperate in protein sparing effect.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Caspian brown trout ; Artificial production ; Growth ; Diet ; Protein ; Energy ; Weight ; FCR ; SGR ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 40pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted for estimation of growth of parameters, mortality rates and fishing distribution of Parastromateus niger using length frequecy information collected in Sistan & Baluchestan province......
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Growth ; Mortality ; Distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 76pp.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To accomplish the stock assessment that pre-planned for bony-fish resources investigation started by considering two pivotal act. First gathering biometric data and second using catch statistics information for stock analyses. Implementing the research programmes five itinerant groups in Anzali, Keyashahr, Noshahar, Babolsar, Torkaman have been organized during fishing season. The biometric data were supplied in computer that distincted by each fish species and subdivided into age groups. In analyses the samples, Bertalanffy formula used for calculating average length and age, also for growth coefficient. Total mortality rate calculated by using Pauly formula, and the biomass status estimated through Cohort analysis. The catch by beach seiner cooperatives recorded 8630 metric tons, but estimation including. Poacher catch raised the harvest to 15.6 thousand tons. The total catch of Kutum reduced by 1400 tons compared with previous year, but the estimation revealed the biomass of Kutum 18.5 thousand tones, the stock stowed reduction in quantity relative to past years. Harvest exceeding the limit, fishing pressure. And employing higher fishing effort, combining releasing the Kutum seedling with shorter average length in recent years, leaded the shrinkage of biomass of Kutum resources. The Golden Grey mullet catch has been estimated 3437 metric tons, the figure showed 1500 tons increment, in comparison with previous year, nearly 24% of catch was shorter than Lm50% of this species. In Guilan province higher number of sub - size golden mullet captured, this development occured less in Mazandaran and Golestan province. Higher rate of exploitation, reduction of catch in recent years, dominating small size fish in catch composition indicated the population undergoing stress in ecosystem. Thin - lipped grey mullet only comprised 9.2% of the mullet catch - Length - structure of this fish species population formed mainly by young small size fish, the biomass of latter estimated 1100 metric tons. Catch further than maximum sustainable yield, by higher exploitation rate, and gradual diminishing of harvest, represented the resources of this fish species suffering both by high fishing pressure and un - sustainable effort, which ultimately declined the fishery of this fish species. Carp catch and its resources in Anzali region become very low, it is necessary to enhance the stock by Sea-ranching programmes. The carp resources in Gorgan region enjoy better status, but catch practices do not compatible with rule and regulation in Gorgan and Gomeyshan area. The standing stock of Gorgan carp estimated nearly 6000 tons. The information concerning carp resources indicate the stock experiencing pressure and likely the catch will diminish in future. The total catal catch of carp calculated 1900 tons. In recent years the Caspian roach resources are increasing but the bulk of harvest fished illegally and by gill - nets. The total catch of the roach during 1998-1999 estimated 1700 tons. Considering the semi - artificial propagation of roach in Golestan province, if has been concluded the multiplication of this fish species also should be planned by fisheries authorities for Anzali region. It is also advisable catching of this fish species to be regulated soon and selective catch are proposed. The catch of pike - perch during the year of 1997 - 98 jumped to 95 tons, but 90% of catch formed by young fish or sub – standard length size. Almost, all the increment of catch attributed to the releasing of millions of seedlings in the Sea which the plan has been implemented by Iranian Fisheries. Increasing the numbers of released seedlings, with higher average weight Identification of most suitable site for unloading the fries could ensure better survival rate and contribute the enhancement of resources and produce good catch for this desirable fish species. The total catch of Bream hit 18 tons, but most of the catch comprised by young fish with sub - standard size. The present formation of fisheries population of bream are the result of seedling releasing! In the Sea by Iranian Fisheries, since the catch of bream are negligible despite releasing programmes of seedling in a decade which 14million individuals until now, one could conclude the programmes do not contributed effectively to stock rehabilitation. The Caspian Barbus (Barbus brachycephalus) are at the threshold 01 vanishing, at present a few numbers are caught, therefore B.capito appeared in catch composition. The catch of latter species in recent two years are increasing. Total catch during the year of 1998 - 99 estimated 34.5 tons, biomass calculated 93 tons. Caspian vimba are small size fish which beach seiner (mesh size in bosom 30 millimeters) could not capture them ideally, bulk of the catch caught in illegal manner by gill nets. The total catch estimated 154 tons which the present fishing procedures surpassed total allowable catch (136 tons). In recent years the catch of this fish species are increasing. "Shemaya' similar in size with Vimba are caught less by beach seiner, illegal catch are considerable, the total catch in 1998 - 99 estimated 86 tons. The level of harvesting of this fish species are increasing in recent years and its population size become significant relative to last years. The main part of catch concerning Aspius fish species occured in Guilan coastal area, high fishing pressure reduced the population size, including low discharge of water in rivers during spawning period, impact negatively to reproduction. Catch statistic in 1989 showed 128 tons of this fish species are caught but in 1998 - 99 it has been reduced to 6.8 tons. It has been suggested artificial spawning could prevent its fate as endangering species. Caspian salmon catch estimated 78 tons during 1998 - 99, salmon population in Caspian Sea are supported by releasing reared smolts, which in recent years nearly 500 thousands fingerlings released in suitable rivers. After banning the gil nets application in Southern Caspian Sea, the catch of salmon in beach seining are increasing. It is necessary the released smolts in rivers being protected for its safe approach to Caspian Sea. The total catch of herring fish species in 1998 - 99 were nearly 700 tons. The bulk of the catch occur In Guilan fishing area, elimination of gill - nets usage in Southern Caspian Sea contributed the increment of herrings catch in beach seining. The herring resources in Caspian Sea reduced relative to past decades. The catch during 1913 – 1916 ranged between 130 - 160 thousand tons, in Caspian Sea.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock assessment ; Bony-fish ; Fishing ; Species ; Samples ; Growth ; Mortality rates ; Biomass ; Kutum ; Carp ; Survival rate ; Barbus brachycephalus ; B.capito ; Population
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 136pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, Daphnia longispina were fed with two freshwater green algae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus, enriched with Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus were isolated and cultured for mass production. Three treatments with three replicates and a control group were considered to conduct this study. In order to investigate feeding, a total of 30 Acipenser persicus larvae with the initial mean weight of 68±3.6 mg were distributed into 12 plastic tanks of 60 L. Experimental fish larvae were fed daphnia collected from earthen ponds (as control group), daphnia enriched with Scenedesmus dimorphus (treatment 1), daphnia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris (treatment 2) and daphnia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus (at the rates of 50%) (treatment 3). The microalgae density to enrich daphnia is estimated at 5×107 cells mL-1 . Fish larvae were fed at an amount of 30% body weight per day for four times. During the experimental period, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH ranged between 18-24°C, 5.8-7.2 mg l-1 and 5.6-8.2, respectively. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the highest (32.3 %) in D. longispina enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and the highest concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19.8%) was observed in D. longispina enriched with Scenedesmus dimorphus. The highest (21.6%) and lowest (13.2%) concentrations of PUFA in fish larvae were recorded in treatment 3 and the control group, respectively. The results obtained from the body weight increase (BWI %) revealed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) between treatment 3 (daphnia enriched with chlorella and scenedesmus) and other treatments. The highest (5.5 ± 1.24 % day-1) and the lowest (4.6± 1.13% day-1) mean specific growth rates (SGR) were recorded in fish fed treatment 3 and the control group, respectively. The lowest (68%) and the highest (85%) survival rates were obtained in the control group and treatment 3, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Daphnia ; Daphnia longispina ; Chlorella vulgaris ; Scenedesmus dimorphus ; Enrichment ; Microalgae ; Acipenser persicus ; survival ; Larvae ; Phytoplankton ; PUFA ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 41pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In many species of finfish, females exhibit higher growth rates than males and achieve larger sizes. In addition, in some species, males mature before reaching marketable size. Therefore, there is great interest from the fish farmers to produce all-female stocks. In this project tried to reversing the sex of rainbow trout larvae by 17 estradiol and direct method, further more finding the optimum dose of this natural estrogen for endocrine sex reversion of Rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Four experimental treatments were designed with doses of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kgf. Trout which treated with 40 mg/kgf yielded 96% female and greatest growth.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rainbow trout ; Sex control ; Gonad ; 17-B Estradiol ; Species ; Finfish ; Females ; Males ; Growth ; Mature ; Larvae ; O.mykiss
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 32pp.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this project,four types of structures,of 40 number was investigated.In a six month period,the structures were inspected 13 times.The total weight and number of eggs hatched on the structures were estimated to be 214.1kg and 94944 respectively.The weight and number of eggs settled on trap types were 141.9 and 60982 respectively,whereas,The eggs on cubical structures were estimated 56.7kg and 27088 ,on pyramid structures 7.9 and 3941 and then also were 6.9kg and 3280 eggs on cylindrical structures respectively.It is also estimated that 358 eggs were settled on The connecting line weighting 0.5kg.In this report four types of structures was compared.As a result,the trap, cubical, pyramid and cylindrical structures had contributed to the settelment of 66,27,4 and 3 percent of eggs in weight. While 64,29,4 and 3 percent of eggs in number was settled on these structures respectively.Thus it is concluded that the trap structures fallowed by cubical ones had acted more effectively relative to other two.If based on the results of other studies,we assume 80% survival rate of eggs and average weight of 1.2kg of survival growth cuttlefish , then it can be calculated that 160 structures can contribute to 91 tons increase in cuttlefish stock in one area of 4 to 5 acre.It is obviaus that by planning an annual increase of the structures,it is passible to attract more spawners to spawn and produce more larvae.Moreover,The old structures will be covered by corals and barnacles and become amore stalie and attractive spawning ground for cuttlefish.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spawning ; Cuttlefish ; Structures ; Trap ; Growth ; Produce ; Types ; Weight ; Eggs ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 66pp.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: During the past decades the environmental status of the Caspian Sea has changed. Therefore, study on the biological structure such as: age, growth, Lm50%, feeding of fishes is necessary. In the present study the biological characteristics of some commercial important species including kilka, kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were studied during 2006-2010. Kutum, golden grey mullet and carp predominated in the catch composition of bonyfishes, representing 61.3, 29.6 and 7.6% of the total catch. The average fork lengths of kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were 38.4, 32.7 and 36.7 cm, and weights were 784.5, 411.0 and 977.0 g, respectively. The values of b in length-weight relationships were 3.02 and 2.97 for kutum and golden grey mullet indicating an isometric growth. The value b for carp was 2.89, indicating an allomertic growth. The maximum age of three species was 12 years. Von Bertalanffy growth equations were estimated as: for kutum: for golden grey mullet: and for carp: The sex ratio of three species showed that females were dominant. Spawning migratory of kutum was started in March. The gonadosomatic index value of kutum peaked in March and April. The spawning season of carp expended from March to August. The gonadosomatic index value of golden grey mullet peaked in September and then declined in November and December. Absolute fecundity of kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were 64400, 700800 and 131000 eggs, respectively. Length maturity (Lm50%) of three species were 39.07, 28.4 and 31.6 cm, respectively. The highest feeding intensity (Gastrosomatic index=GSI) for females and males were 313.9 ± 65.9 and 350.7±103.7 in October; and the lowest value of GSI were 19.4 ±59.2 and 144.1±85.04 in March, respectively. There are significant different between GSI with male and female in difference months (P〈0.05). Main prey mature of Kutum was Cerastoderma lamarki; Gastropoda and Balanus were subordinate, and Crab, Hypanis, Fish (Neogobous sp.) Algae, egg, and scale were random preys. Planktone groups comprise to Exuviaella, Nitzchia, Osillatoria, Synedra, Nematoda, Navicolla, Diatoma, Rholcosphenia were preys juvenile of Kutum. Based on ISI (Important species index), Cerastoderma lamarki and Balanus were dominant species in feeding of Kutum. The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula result showed that in Cyprinus carpio prey Molluscs was dominated and specific food items. Empty stomachs in winter and spring were higher and lower, respectively. The results showed that catch of kilka decreased from 22300 mt in 2006 to 16700 mt in 2008, but the CPUE increased from 1.7 mt (Vessel×Night) to 2.5 mt, due to decrease of effort, respectively. The length frequency of three species of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch. The age frequency had the same situation as fish lower than 2 years was not in the samples of anchovy and bigeye kilka. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were: For common kilka: L =136.5 cm, K=0.249 yr-1 and t0= -1.89 yr-1 For bigeye kilka: L =148. cm, K=0.346 yr-1 and t0= -1.123 yr-1 And for anchovy kilka: L =131.7 cm, K=0.375 yr-1 and t0= -1.243 yr-1 The exploitation rate of anhovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6, respectively. The highest of GSI for common and bigeye was recorded in May and March, respectively. For anchovy kilka it was in July and November. Main prey of anchovy and common kilka was Acartia tonsa and for bigeye kilka it was Cypris balanus. We concluded that the ecological problems caused by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing have been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchovy. Therefore, sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Growth ; Species ; Kilka kutum ; Bonyfish ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; Gonadosomatic ; Maturity ; GSI ; Hypanis ; Neogobous sp. ; Algae ; Nitzchia ; Cyprinus carpio ; Diatoma ; Clupeidae ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza auratus ; Chalchalburnus chalcoides ; Vimba vimba ; Abramis brama ; Sander lucioperca ; Liza saliens ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 98pp.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of rearing the orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides) juvenile to marketable size in buoyant cages in Khuzestan province coast waters. Juvenile fishes for the study prepared from Bandar-e-Imam Marine Fish Station and reared them in 5-ton fiber glass tank for one year period using common pellet feed and trash fish to reach 50 g mean weight. Young fishes were stocked in 6 rectangular cages (3×3×3 m) to assess their growth performance with two test feeds i.e. pellet feed and trash fish (3 cages for each treatment) with the density of 30 fish /m3 (810 fish/cage) for 143 days rearing period (started on July). Better growth with significant difference (p〈0.05) were observed for fishes fed trash fish (523.71±27.95 g) than those fed pellet feed (317.53±22.10 g). Although lower survival rate was recorded for fishes fed trash fish but difference with the pellet feed was not significant (p〉0.05). Results also showed that the FCR for the trash fish was acceptable, and hence it is recommended to consider the trash fish price and its labour cost befor using it as the main diet in cage culture activity.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Orange-Spotted Grouper ; Cage culture ; Trash Fish ; Pellet feed ; Growth ; Epinephelus coioides ; Rearing ; E. coioides ; Juvenile ; Survival rate ; FCR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 41pp.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Salinity effects on brooders spawning, growth and survival rate of yellow fin sea bream (〈i〉Acanthopagrus latus〈/i〉) fingerlings was studied in Khouzestan Marine Fishes Research Station (Bandar-e Imam) in 2002- 2003. More than 200 brooders were caught in Mahshar creeks using hook, and 6 males and 3 females of brooders were introduced to each 4 tons tank. The experiments were carried out using 3 salinity treatments (30~c1, 35~c1 and 40~c1 ppt) in 3 replications. Survival rate of brooders in 4 tons tanks during late January to 4〈super〉th〈/super〉 April was estimated more than %90 in all salinities and the maximum rate was observed in 30 ppt treatment. Spawned brooders percentage in 40 ppt was more than the two other salinities, and spawning occurred in all three replications of this treatment. In all treatment, spawning started from early march (late lunar month) at 19~'C and continued at 23~'C. Duration and replication of spawnings in 40 ppt were more than other salinities, and last about 20 days. Released eggs (2461046), amount of eggs production per day (66413), average number of eggs per brooder (312914), and average eggs per kg body weight (649460) were found in 40 ppt more than other salinities. Floating eggs ratio was more than %90 in 40 ppt and it was significantly different to the others. Fertilization and hatching rates in 40 ppt treatment (86.7, 67 respectively) were more than 30 and 35 ppt but there was no significant difference. All spawnings cases , released eggs hatched.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Salinity ; Spawning ; Yellow fin ; Bream ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Propagation ; Density ; Survival rate ; Fingerling ; Growth ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Yellow fin sea bream
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Recently, the development of aquaculture has focused on the use of seawater, because of freshwater crisis in the world. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of the most important species for aquaculture development, because of tolerance and adaptation to different ecological conditions. One of the advantages of species in aquaculture, compatibility status is dense in the rearing period. In this study, the effect of different densities (45/m2 , 50/m2 , 55/m2 and 60/m2 ), of primary stock whiteleg shrimp postlarvae (PL12) on the growth and survival rate were evaluated. Brackish water (10.52±0.43 ppt) was providing from Caspian Sea. The experiments were performed in 12 circular concrete pond with a sandy bed (area: 78m2 ) in four treatments and three replications for each treatment. The experiments performed in a 75-day period. In this study, the water temperature was 27.4±1.79°C. The results showed statistically difference in growth parameters and survival rate among experimental treatments (Duncan test, P〈0.05). Therefore, with high levels of density, has decreased the amount of weight gain and survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG). In addition, the treatments were different variations of FCR (P〈0.05) and not depend on the primary stock density of postlarvae. In low density (45/m2 ) were observed the highest growth (SGR=11±0.04 and ADG=0.25±0.01 gr/day/ind.), survival rate and calculate the amount of production per 78m2 equal 43.6±3.3kg (5596±433kg/ha). Therefore, It is possibility that there is commonly increasing primary stocking of density about L. Vannamei postlarvae culture in Iran.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecological ; White shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Brackish water ; Growth ; Survival ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project was conducted in five independent experiments in appropriate tanks with suitable aeration and water fellow. Temperature: an experiment designed to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and survival of tilapia fry by using four thermal regimes consist of 22, 25, 28 and 31 °c in three replicates. Fries with initial wight of .014 g were stocked in plastic container with 10 liter capacity at the rare of 5/liter. Fish were fed on rainbow trout commercial food at a rate of 30 % of biomass 5 times per day. The results showed that some growth indices such as final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain increased by increasing water temperature significantly. Although fry survival increased by increasing temperature but these differnces were not significant. the results suggest that in larviculture of Nile tilapia water temperatue should not be less than 28°c. Density: compressibility of Nile tilapia fry was studied by using plastic container with 13 liter capacity. Fry with initial weigh of .034 g were stocked in four treatments 10, 15, 20 and 30 fry/l with four replicates. They fed on rainbow trout food according to their biomass five times per day during the light period. The results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival decreased by increasing stocking density significantly, while feed conversion rate increased by increasing stocking density. Considering the experiment, it could be suggested that lower stocking density (10/l) resulted the best growth efficiency and survival of Nile tilapia fry. On the other hand, compering the results of growth and survival rate(84%) in two stocking densites(15 and 20/l) showed that it is passible to culture Nile tilapia fry at the stocking density of 20fry/l in suitable condition. Salinity: A study conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by using six salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ppt) with three replicates. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day during the light period. Results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival rate increased by increasing salinity levels up to 8 ppt significantly, and then decreased by increasing salinity levels up to 20 ppt. according to the experiment, it seems that larviculture of Nile tilapia in brackish water is available and the best results achives at 8 ppt. considering the results of growth and survival rate at 16 ppt showed that Salinity up to 16 ppt was tolerable, although reduced the growth and survival of Nile tilapia fry. Photoperiod: the objective of this study was to examine the effects of photoperiod on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by planning four treatments (6L:18D, 12L:12D, 18L:6D and 24L:0D) and four replicates. Light provided by tow fluorescent lamps those set at a distance of 60 cm above the tanks and worked by an automatic timer. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day. Results showed that average of final body weight, daily growth rate and specific growth rate were loest in 6L:18D and these indices increased by increasing light duration. these differences were not significant among 6L:18D and 12L:12D. but the differences between 6L:18D with 18L:6D and 24L:0D were significant. Evaluation of survival rate showed that photoperiod did not significant effect on survival in all treatments. These finding suggests that a 12L:12D cycle be adequate in case of larval rearing. Cannibalism: An experiment designed to determine the occurrence of cannibalism among 5 different size groups of (5, 10, 20 and 30 g with fry 0.45 g) Nile tilapia population (fry / fingerling) under two stocking densities (1 / 2 and 1 / 4 fingerling / fry) with three replicates in the poly etilen tanks in brackish water condition. Fry were counted at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after stocking in two methods (feeding and no feeding). In the feeding trial fingerling were fed on rainbow trout food two times per day. The results showed that cannibalism became more intense as the size difference increased. After passing time cannibalism rate increased. Also results showed increasing fry density causes increasing cannibalism in both treatments (feeding and without feeding). Feeding fingerlings (predator) was effective in reducing cannibalism.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus ; Fry ; Temperature ; Stocking density ; Salinity ; Photo period ; Cannibalism ; Brackish Water ; Growth ; Survival ; Tilapia ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: White Spot Disease (WSD) is a important disease due to economic impacts in shrimp industries. Spreading of this disease in shrimp farms can caused a 100% mortality during 3-10 days. Therefore control of this disease is a strategy in shrimp industry. Vaccination is a way to control of WSD. In several years ago during a project several type vaccine of this virus by association of Atomic Energy Organization is produced that among of them the virus inactivated by GAMA radiation had better results in laboratory. To test of this vaccine in field, a research pilot was carried out. Initially 20000 shrimp napliies were obtained from one of commercial hatchery in Bushehr province, then devided to two groups vaccinated and unvaccinated. The vaccinated group also devided . 26and PL12 , group B vaccinated at PL15and PL 5to two groups, group A that vaccinated at postlarva e (PL) Rrsults showed that difference of growth performance and survival rate between vaccinated and unvaccinated without challenge with WSV after 80 days is not significantly (P〈0.05). but survival rate in vaccinated groups after challenge with WSV was significantly (P〈0.05) further the unvaccinated group. Also the results showed survival rate of group B after challenge with WSV is better than group A and this difference was significantly (P〈0.05). this study showed vaccination of shrimp postlarvae with GAMA radiation vaccine can control of shrimp mortality in incidence of WSD in farms.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei ; WSSV ; Gamma radiation ; Vaccination ; Y-ray ; White spot disease ; Shrimp ; Nauplii ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Mortality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 65pp.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Rainbow trout is the main cultural species of coldwater fishes in iran. Often, aquaculturists intend to breeding in order to production of lines with higher growth rate potential and disease resistant. Nevertheless in the country, no trout breeding programs, has been performed yet and most of the farms focused on the cultivation of the first(unbred) race. While European countries progressed in trout breeding techniques and production lines with higher growth through genetic manipulation (chromosomal number and type changes of fish) and/or selection and their fish products derived from this technology, including eyed eggs and so on have sold to other regions of the world(eg: Iran). In this study, some biological parameters including survival, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR.) and chromosomal number of two juvenile groups from imported( group 1) and native(group 2) eyed fish eggs were compared. For chromosomal investigation, blood smear test and flow cytometry were performed. sults showed a significant difference (P≤5%) in growth rate of native fishes and French group Native fish feed conversion ratio (0.9) was significantly difference (P≤5%) from that of French fishes (1.15). Chromosomal analysis showed no difference in chromosome number in treatments and two fish groups were 2n chromosome. Based on the results,the fishes of group 1 had faster grow potential and gain weight in less time than that of group 2 and this has been achieved to go through the process of selection and femenizatiom without any change in number of ploidy. Whereas the ability of native fishes in food efficiency( lower FCR.) was better. However, the reduction of rearing period is the benefit and preference of cultivation of imported or origionally foreign.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Imported eyed egg ; Native fish ; Ploidy level ; Growth ; Rainbow trout ; Chromosome ; Species ; Breeding ; FCR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 30pp.
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, the effect of different dietary nucleotide levels (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) was investigated on growth indices and some haemolymph biochemical parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei female broodstock during 30 days. Broodstocks were fed twice with fresh food and twice with concentrate feed). After 3 weeks of feeding, eyestalk of broodstocks was ablated with hot scissors. Hemolymph was sampled for glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, albumin, total soluble proteins, high density lipoprotein on the first day of the trial, 21 days (before eyestalk ablation) and 30 days (9 days after eyestalk ablation) after starting the feeding trial. Water parameters including temperature, dissolve oxygen, salinity and pH recorded daily as 27.79 ± 1.24 ˚C, 5.78 ± 0.41 ppm, 31.82 ± 3.1 ppt and 7.9 ± 0.18, respectively. Weight gain, specific growth rate and daily growth rate in samples treated by dietary nucleotide showed no significant difference (p〉 0.05) compared to control group. Significant increase (p〈 0.05) in glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin and total protein were were observed in all groups compared to control group. In conclusion 0.4 % nucleotide can improve the dietary sexual maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei ; Nucleotide ; Heamolymph biochemical parameters ; Growth ; Maturation ; Diet
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.115-129
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La morphodynamique côtière permet d'analyser les séquences de plages réflexives et dissipatrices des côtes sablonneuses. Les ouvrages maritimes perturbent le mécanisme hydro-sédimentaire et déclenchent l'érosion côtière dont les impacts de recul sont généralement assez forts, notamment de 12 m/an sur le segment de 5 km de côte, à l'est du système d'infrastructures portuaires de Cotonou, au Bénin, et de 5 à 10 m/an sur environ 30 km de côte, au Togo. Cette caractérisation morphodynamique de plage, aussi bien à court qu'à long terme, est en réponse aux variations significatives du bilan sédimentaire dont les conséquences ' sont très importantes du fait de l'utilisation de l'espace pour des activités industrielles et urbaines très variées et de la forte concentration de population vivant en bord de mer....
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Coastal erosion ; Growth ; Population dynamics ; Coastal zone ; Growth ; Population dynamics ; Population number
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 311745 bytes
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Le potentiel de grossissement de la palourde Ruditapes decussatus (L. 1758), élevée dans des poches de filet de 1 m2 de surface, a été évalué sur l’estran de Zarat (golfe de Gabès) pour la période de juillet 2006 à novembre 2007. Dans une première expérience, trois niveaux de la marée, représentant des chenaux de drainage de l’eau, existants entre la ligne de marée haute et celle de marée basse, ont été comparés sur une durée de 16 mois. Chacun des niveaux a été représenté par un triplicata de sacs de 150 individus. Dans une seconde expérience, trois densités de mise en charge différentes ont été comparées sur une durée de 17 mois. Pour cela, deux sacs de 100 individus chacun et deux autres de 200 individus chacun ont été alignés à l’expérience précédente, dans le niveau adjacent de la ligne de marée haute. A partir d’une population naturelle de juvéniles, initialement calibrée et caractérisée par une longueur antéro-postérieure moyenne de 28,4 ± 0,1 mm et de poids moyen frais de 4,71 ± 0,01g, les meilleures croissances en longueur de 36,85 ± 0,5 mm et en poids de 10,57 ± 0,5 g ont été enregistrées respectivement pour les densités 100 et 200 individus / m2. Toutefois, aucune différence significative de croissance (P 〉 0,05) n’a été détectée aussi bien pour les différents niveaux de la marrée que pour les différentes densités testées. Par ailleurs, une bonne croissance a été enregistrée durant la première année de l’élevage durant laquelle des taux de croissance maximums ont été observés au printemps. La fin de cette phase est marquée par l’atteinte de la taille réglementaire d’exploitation de la palourde (35 mm). Au-delà de cette période, une phase d’arrêt de croissance a été observée jusqu’à la fin des expériences. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré la possibilité d’élever la palourde Ruditapes decussatus dans les chenaux de drainage de l’eau sur l’estran de Zarat. Les endroits où la pratique de la collecte est inhabituelle, en raison de la faible densité naturelle, offrent un potentiel d’élevage important et ceci avec une mise en charge d’élevage de 200 individus / m2. Ainsi la quantité récupérée après l’opération du tri de la pêche et dont la taille est inférieure au seuil autorisé pour l’exploitation peut être valorisée à ces endroits.
    Description: The growth potential of clam Ruditapes decussatus (L. 1758), grown in 1 m2 mesh bags on the Zarat Estuary (Gulf of Gabès) was assessed from July 2006 to November 2007 In the first experience, three intertidal levels were compared during 16 months. Each level was represented by a triplicate of bags containing 150 individuals. In a second experience, three different densities were compared during 17 months. Hence, two bags of 100 individuals each and two other ones of 200 individuals each were aligned to the first experience on the level in the adjacent line of high tide. From an initial calibrated clam population characterized by a 28,4 ± 0,1 mm shell length and 4,71 ± 0,01g total wet weight, the best growth in length of 36,85 ± 0,5 mm and wet weight of 10,57 ± 0,5 g were recorded for the densities of 100 and 200 individuals / m2, respectively. However, no significant (P〉 0.05) effect of the different intertidal levels as well as of different tested densities on growth was detected at the end of the experiments. A significant growth occurred during the first year in all areas during which highest growth rates were observed in spring (April - May). At the end of this phase, clams reached the authorized exploited size (35mm). After this period, a phase of stopping growth was observed until the end of the experiments. The results of this study showed the possibility of the clam Ruditapes decussatus culture in the Zarat estuary. Otherwise, areas not focalized by fishing offer an important potential for culture. Samples reared at different densities suggested that R. decussatus could be cultivated at 200 individual / m2. Thus the quantity recovered from the sort of fishing and whose size is lower than the authorized exploitation could be improved.
    Description: وقع تقييم إمكانية تربية القفالة Ruditapes decussatus (L., 1758) في أكياس ذات مساحة 1م2 بمنطقة المد والجزر بالزارات (خليج قابس) بداية من جويلية 2006 إلي نوفمبر7 200. في دراسة أولى، وعلى مدى 16 شهر، تمت مقارنة 3 مستويات متمثلة في سواقي صرف المياه المتواجدة بين خطّي المد الأعلى والأسفل. تم وضع 3 أكياس في كل موقع، يعد كل واحد منها 150 صدفة. وفي تجربة ثانية، وبالتوازي مع الأولى، وقعت في الساقية المتواجدة تحت خط المد الأعلى مقارنة ثلاثة كثافات مختلفة على مدى 17 شهر. وذلك بإضافة كيسين يحتوي كل واحد منهما على 100 صدفة واثنين آخرين على 200 لكل كيس. انطلاقا من مجموعة متماثلة حيث معدل طول الصدفة 28,4 ± 0,1 مم ومعدل وزن 4,7 ± 0,01غ تحصلنا بعد النمو على أقصى معدل طول 36,85 ±0,5 مم و أقصي معدل وزن 10,57 ± 0,5 غ على التوالي بالكثافات 100 صدفة / م2 و200 صدفة / م2. لكن لم نسجل تفاوتا ملحوظا قي معدلات الطول والوزن بين المستويات وكذلك بين الكثافات. من ناحية أخرى كان النمو واضحا خلال السنة الأولى من التجربة حيث سجلنا أعلى نسب في الربيع. وتميزت نهاية هذه المرحلة ببلوغ طول الصدفة للحجم المحدد للاستغلال (35 مم). بينما سجلنا بعد ذلك فترة توقف النمو إلي نهاية التجارب. هكذا بينت نتائج هذه الدراسة إمكانية تربية القفالة Ruditapes decussatusفي مجاري صرف المياه بمنطقة المد والجزر بالزارات. وبالتالي تعتبر السواقي الغير المعنية بالصيد، لضعف الكثافة فيها، مواقع هامة للتربية في كثافة 200 صدفة / م2. كذلك يمكن تثمين كمية القفالة المسترجعة من عملية فرز المحصول والتي لم يصل حجمها الطول المحدد للاستغلال.
    Description: Published
    Description: Ruditapes decussatus
    Keywords: Clams ; Clam culture ; Comparative studies ; Environmental conditions ; Estuaries ; Experimental culture ; Growth ; Growth rate ; Marine aquaculture ; Marine molluscs ; Population density ; Rearing ; Stocking density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Dans ce travail, nous avons etudie par scalimetrie l'age et la croissance du pageot commun Pagellus erythrinus du golfe de Gabes. A cet effet, les equations de la croissance lineaire et la croissance massique relative et absolue ont ete etablies. Ces resultats ont ete compares avec ceux obtenus pour cette espece dans d'autres regions de la mediterranee.
    Description: In this work we have studied by scalimetric method the age and growth of common pandora Pagellus erythrinus living in the gulf of Gabes. To that effect, the relationships between length, weight and age have been established. The results are compared with those obtained in other parts of the Mediterranean sea.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pageot commun ; Growth ; Scale reading ; Stock assessment ; Age determination ; Population dynamics ; Pagellus erythrinus ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 17-32
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Culture of beluga (Huso huso) in new conditions such as inland brackish water necessitates studying nutritional requirements and effects of different diets on gonadic and somatic growth as well as physiological condition. In this research 74 beluga each 4 years old cultured in brackish water of earthen ponds in Bafgh Fisheries Research Station, were selected and distributed in 8 circular cement ponds. Feeding was done in 4 formulated diets with fixed protein level and 4 energy levels (400, 425, 450, 475kcal/l00g). Samples were biopsied at the start and the end of the experiment to determine sexuality and stage of maturation. To study gonad tissues, the hematoxylin-eosin method was used. Results indicated that somatic and gonadic growth indices were affected by diets. Somatic growth overlapped in both sexes. Sexual maturation stages were not the same in males and females and transition from stage II in males was more rapid than females. Considering the results in this study, diet treatments influenced on somatic growth in both sexes and gonadic growth in females. We conclude that somatic and especially gonadic growth in brackish water is suitable. Therefore, inland brackish water environment can be regarded suitable for beluga cultivation.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nutritional requirements ; Inland fisheries ; Ovaries ; Cultured organisms ; Huso huso ; Brackish ; Testes ; Diets ; Growth ; Fish physiology ; Sexual maturity ; Gonads
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.91-104
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary commercial prebiotic A-Max, a mixture of mannan oligosaccharides, fructo oligosaccharides and β glucan, on growth and hemato-immunological parameters of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. After acclimation, fish (initial weight of 28.79±0.85 g) were placed into 12 tanks (30 fish per tank). Fish were fed a basal diet (containing 44% protein and 20% lipid) supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g kg-1 A-Max in a totally randomized design in triplicate groups. At the end of the trial, growth factors and haemato-immunological parameters were assessed. Fish fed 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic mixture displayed higher growth performances and feed efficiency compared to the control group (p〉0.05). There were no significant differences in survival rate among all treatment groups (p〉0.05). The results showed that RBC, WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, haematocrit and total protein were significantly affected by 1.5 g kg-1 dietary prebiotic mixture (p〈0.05). An elevation of monocyte and haemoglobin (p〉0.05) was found in the fish fed diet containing 1.0 g kg-1 prebiotic. In addition fish fed the diet with 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic mixture showed a significant increase in lyzosyme activity, respiratory burst activity, serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) and alternative complement activity (ACH50) (p〈0.05) compared with those fed the diets supplemented with other levels of prebiotics. The results showed that the addition of 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic mixture to the diet of great sturgeon juveniles improving growth performance, some haematological parameters and immune response and seemed to be an effective immunostimulant.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hematology ; Prebiotic mixture ; Growth ; Immune response ; Great sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Parameters ; Immunological ; Juveniles
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.251-266
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted in the Shrimp Research Center of Bushehr in winter 2005. We treated reared White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 1931) with five diets containing 20%, 25% ,30%, 35% and 40% protein levels and three salinity levels 15-17ppt, 27-30ppt, and 40-45ppt. We focused on growth, survival, food conversion ratio, hemolymph osmolality, hemolymph protein and corpse protein content. We applied 15 treatments each with three replicates in 45 tanks with 300 liter capacity. Shrimps average weight was about 2 grams at the start and reared after 60 days of culture. Shrimp biomass growth in 15-17 salinity was higher than other salinities showing statistically significant difference with those grew in 40-45ppt salinity (P〉0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between growth of the shrimp in 15-17ppt and in 27-30ppt water.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Salinity ; Shrimp culture ; Nutritional requirements ; Food conversion ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Diets ; Growth ; Survival ; Proteins ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.109-116
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Length composition data from monthly catches of Scomberomorus commerson landed in Choebdeh and Hendijan fish landing places in Khuzestan Province, north Persian Gulf, were collected from 2004 to 2005. We used the data to estimate growth parameters and mortality coefficients of the fish. Response surface analysis produced by the ELEFAN program provided a complete set of Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimation. We found L infinity =120cm (fork length), K=0.49per year and t sub(0)=-0.11 year for the fish. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W=0.022tL super(2.7575) with r super(2)=0.978S. Based on the calculated b, we conclude that the fish has an isometric growth pattern. The total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients were estimated as, Z=1.58, M=0.58 and F=1.0, respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) for this species was estimated as 0.63 per year. The E-value indicates that the kingfish in this part of the Persian Gulf has been overexploited. Current fishing pattern in the Khuzestan province shows that 97.07% of the cumulative length frequency and 78.18% of the cumulative weight frequency of the landed fish are under standard size. Results of this study indicate that exploitation of kingfish does not follow an optimum trend and if this trend continues, the stock of Scomberomorus commerson in this area will be threatened.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fishing effort ; Scomberomorus commerson ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Growth ; Stock assessment ; Length ; Exploitation ; Age determination ; Marine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.17-28
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to assess the maximum replacement possibility of unicellular green algae with cheap food sources for feeding Artemia, two strains of Artemia urmiana and parthenogenetic Artemia were fed under laboratory condition using wheat bran, soybean meal and 50/50% mixed diet of wheat bran/soybean, each in 12 different concentrations together with different rations of Dunaliella salina for 15 days. The results were compared with those fed only on algae D. salina as control group. At the end of the experiment, control groups in each two strains (with 9.11mm growth and 86.25% survival in A. urmiana and 8.55mm growth and 85% survival in parthenogenetic Artemia) had almost the best condition. In A. urmiana treatments 95.8-88% replacement for algae of wheat bran, treatment 94% replacement for algae of soybean and treatments 97-94% replacement for algae of mixed wheat bran/ soybean showed no significant differences with control in both growth and survival. In parthenogenetic Artemia treatments 94-82% replacement for algae of wheat bran, treatments 91-88% replacement for algae of soybean and treatments 91-82% replacement for algae of mixed wheat bran/soybean showed no significant differences with their control in both growth and survival. According to the results, it seems that single-cell algae and their production requires exorbitant spending and personnel which can be replaced with easily affordable agricultural wastes, without need to specialized staff.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Optimizing ; Technique ; Replacement ; Agricultural ; Artemia urmiana ; Artemia ; Agricultural by-products ; Dunaliella salina ; Algae ; Feeding ; Diet ; Aquatics larvae ; Growth ; Survival ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.11-22
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Due to approaching the method of marine algae (G. corticata) mariculture in the Chabahar waters (located at NE of Oman Sea), a series of feasibility studies were carried out to identify the suitable areas for growth of this algae. In this regard, different regions of shallow waters, intertidal zones, and also natural habitats of them were selected for either collecting sample or as culture regions. During the growth periods in autumn, winter and spring (the culture and plantation were not carried out during summer time synchoronized with monsoon season). Some acceptable results were achieved that indicated the meaningful growth rate of plants in the selected stations. According to the obtained results, at the end of culture period the weight growth was 3 times more and the mean length growth of C. coricata talls was from 68 to 134mm at the end of culture period. On the other hand, this statistical analysis didn't show any significant differences in different seasons from point of weight growth. It should be mentioned that some physical and chemical factors of sea water were measured consist of salinity, temperature, DO., pH, nitrate, phosphate and turbidity.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physical ; Chemical ; Gracilaria corticata ; Culture ; Growth ; Coastal waters ; Marine algae ; G. corticata ; Mariculture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; pH ; Algae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.61-72
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to determine population structure, growth and reproduction properties of barbel. A total of 198 individuals were sampled. Ages of samples were found between I and VI years, fork lengths between 4.3 and 16.6 cm and total weights between 1.2 and 65.8 g. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0146×L2.934. Munro’s phi prime index was estimated as 1.95, L∞ as 26.42 cm W∞ as 216.92 g, and condition factor as 1.265±0.01. First sexual maturation was determined in 6.0-6.9 cm-group males, and second sexual maturity was recorded in 10.0-10.9 cm-group females. Individual fecundity was defined between 568 and 4171 eggs/female and relative fecundity was calculated as 64964.55±5855.49 eggs/kg female. Barbel did not show good growth and reproduction performance in the stream, because of fishing pressure.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Barbus plebejus ; Barbel ; Growth ; Population structure ; Reproduction
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.827-838
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In This study Growth rate and biochemical components including carbohydrate, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids of microalgae, Tetraselmis chuii, was studied in different concentration of salinities. Three levels of salinities (10, 27 and 40) with three replicates were used. The results of the treatments indicated that maximum of growth rate was observed in 10psu salinity with 2.8×106 ±0.38×105 cell per milliliters and minimum in 40psu with 1.6×106 ±0.48×105 cell per milliliters (P〈0.05). The carbohydrate, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid pigments were lower and significantly difference in 27psu and 40psu of salinities (P〈0.05). Obtained results of cell concentration with 2.2×106 ± 0.45×105 per milliliters and biochemical components showed that the best salinity was 27psu for culture of microalgae, Tetraselmis chuii.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Salinity ; Tetraselmis chuii ; Biochemical ; Components ; Microalgae ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.9-23
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of artemia enriched with lipid emulsions containing highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and survival of juvenile freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. Juvenile crayfish were fed artemia enriched with commercial emulsions (red pepper and olio ω3) and un-enriched artemia (control). The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level was found in artemia enriched with olio ω3 (3.17 %) and the highest docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was found in artemia enriched with red pepper (3.56 %). The weight gain, specific growth, and survival rates of juvenile crayfish increased with increasing amount of EPA and DHA in dietary artemia respectively (0.04%, 2.32% ). Finally, the juveniles fed with artemia enriched with olio ω3 and red pepper had a better weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival than those fed with un-enriched artemia (p〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Crayfish ; Enrichment artemia ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Growth ; Survival ; Freshwater ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.87-98
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of salinity, temperature, and light conditions on production and development, longevity, survival and sex ratios of the cyclopoid copepod, A. dengizicus were determined. Seven different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 psu), four temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 °C), three different light intensities (33.3, 85.3, 162.1 μmol photons/ m2/ s) and light regimes (24:0, 0:24, and 12:12 h light:dark regime) were employed . The highest production was achieved under 20 psu salinity. The optimum temperature required for the maximum reproduction and shortest development time was 35 °C. The production was highest (p〈.05) and development rate of A. dengizicus was shortest (p〈.05) under the lowest light intensity (33.3 μmol photons/ m2/ s). Continuous light (24:0 h LD) showed positive effects on growth and production. Light regimes 24:0 h and 12:12 h LD yielded the highest total production and growth (p〈.05), with highest (p〈.05) survival percentage. This study demonstrated that A. dengizicus can tolerate wide range of environmental conditions and can be cultured for commercial live feed purposes as well as toxicity studies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish processing ; Light intensity ; Light regimes ; Environmental parameters ; A. dengizicus ; Cyclopoid copepod ; Tropical ; Production ; Longevity ; Sex ratio ; Temperature ; production ; Growth ; Parameters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.30-46
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of dietary protein levels were investigated on growth, carcass biochemical composition and apparent digestibility coefficient in Caspian trout, Salmo trutta caspius. The present study was carried out in a completely randomized design with five experimental diets containing five different dietary levels of protein: 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55%, and 15 fish per replication of each with an initial weight of 4.85 ± 0.45 g for 105 days. Average oxygen concentration and water temperature were 7.6 ± 0.68 mg L-1 and 17.7 ± 1.5 °C, respectively, throughout the experimental period. Significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor were observed in the fish fed diet with 40 and 45% protein compared to those fed on the 35 and 55 % protein diets. Feed efficiency ratio in treatments fed 35 and 55 % protein were significantly higher than those of fish fed 40 and 45% dietary protein levels (P≤ 0.05). Crude protein content increased with the increasing dietary protein levels, whereas crude lipid and moisture composition decreased with the increasing dietary protein levels. Therefore, it can be cocluded that increased levels of protein in the diets for juvenile Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) up to 40 and 45% improved growth performance, feed utilization parameter and economic aspect.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Salmo trutta caspius ; Fish ; Dietary ; Proteins ; Growth ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.165-177
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Population growth (length-weight relationship), and reproductive potential (e.g. fecundity, and sex-ratio) of five important fish species (‘mola’: Amblypharyngodon mola, ‘puti’: Puntius sophore, ‘tengra’: Mystus vittatus, ‘shing’: Heteropneustes fossilis and ‘taki’: Channa punctatus) collected from two important fresh water bodies (namely Hilna beel and Beel Kumari beel) Rajshahi, Bangladesh, were studied. Population growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aLb ) for the species differed, and exhibited positive allometric growth (P. sophore in Hilna beel), isometric growth (A. mola and C. punctatus in Hilna beel) and negative allometric growth (M. vittatus & H. fossilis in Hilna beel and A. mola, P. sophore, M. vittatus, C. punctatus and H. fossilis in Beel Kumari beel). The results denoted that fecundity of mature females followed a non-linear relationship (F=aLb ) with total length and exhibited positive allometric growth (b〉3) with some exception (A. mola in Hilna beel and M. vittatus in Beel Kumari beel). Fecundity of mature females also increased with total body weight and ovary weight following a linear relationship (F=a+bW). Differences in values of sexratios with seasons for all species in this study may have resulted from different environmental factors as well as breeding seasons. The findings of this study would be useful in imposing adequate regulations for the conservation of these fascinating fishes in the fresh water bodies of Bangladesh.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Beel ; Fecundity ; Sex ratio ; Length-weight relationship ; Small indigenous ; Fish ; Population ; Growth ; Freshwater ; Puntius sophore ; Mystus vittatus ; Amblypharyngodon mola ; Heteropneustes fossilis ; Channa punctatus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.657-674
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to determine the effect of probiotic on growth performance and hematological indices in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock. For this purpose, broodstock with an average initial weight of 1366.14 ± 33.85 g (mean ± S.E.M) were fed for 8 weeks with diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g.kg-1 Bio-Aqua probiotic. At the end of the period, growth performance and blood parameters were evaluated. According to the results, the highest average final weight and the lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in 1 g.kg-1 treatment and showed a significant difference with control treatment (P〈0.05). Moreover, the highest specific growth rate and body weight increase were obtained in 1 g.kg-1 treatment and showed significant difference with control and 2 g.kg-1 treatments (P〈0.05). The condition factor was not significantly different among treatments (P〉0.05). In hematological indices, the highest number of red blood cells and hemoglobin levels were observed in 1 g.kg-1 treatment and showed significant difference with control and 2 g.kg-1 treatments (P〈0.05). The highest number of white blood cells and hematocrit percentage were obtained in 1 g.kg-1 treatment and showed significant difference with control treatment (P〈0.05). However, significant difference were not observed in other hematological indices among the treatments (P〉0.05). The results of present study demonstrated the ability of probiotic to influence on growth parameters and hematological indices in male rainbow trout broodstock. Accordingly, the Bio-Aqua probiotic in 1 g.kg-1 as the best level suggested to using in feed of male rainbow trout broodstock.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fish ; Nutrition ; Probiotic ; Yeast ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.101-112
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and vitamin E interaction on growth, apparent digestibility, apparent retention and utilization of lipid in Caspian salmon fry. Six experimental diets combining three different dietary levels of n-3 HUFAs (L: low: 1+0.5, DHA+EPA, M: medium 2+1, DHA+EPA, H: high 4+2 DHA +EPA g/100g diet) with two different levels of vitamin E (L: low 300 and H: high 1000 mg/kg diet): LL, LH, ML, MH, HL and HH (HUFA/vitamin E) were investigated. Fry with initial mean (±SD) body weight of 600 ± 25 (mg) were randomly distributed in tanks and fed to apparent satiation. Increase in dietary HUFA and vitamin E markedly improved larval growth. The results showed that the survival of Caspian salmon fry was not affected by dietary omega-3 HUFA and vitamin E. C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 fatty acids content of polar and neutral lipids positively correlated with their concentration on diets. Apparent digestibility and apparent retention of total lipid was significantly affected by dietary HUFA. The results showed that n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E had positive effects on growth performance, lipid metabolism and apparent digestibility of Caspian salmon fry.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Caspian Salmon ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Lipid digestibility ; Highly unsaturated fatty acids ; Fatty Acid ; Lipid ; Performance ; Growth ; Fry ; Fed ; Dietary ; Vitamin E
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.74-90
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of stocking density on growth, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, percentage of body weight increase in Huso huso were studied in two phases. Juveniles below one year old with an average weight of 92.09±1.72 grams and stocking densities of 1.6, 2.8 and 4 kg/m2 in 3 replicates for 100 days were reared as the phase one group. One year old Huso huso with an average weight of 918.13±21.87 grams and stocking densities of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 kg/m2 reared for 120 days in 2000 liter fiberglass tanks were the second phase. Results revealed negative impact of density on growth, percentage of body weight, and specific growth rate and food conversion ratio in both phases. In the first phase, lower stocking density (1.6 kg/m2) showed significant increase in growth rate (P〈0.05) as compared to 2.8 and 4 kg/m2 stocking densities resulting in 42.3% and 61 % growth rate respectively. Fish kept at 4 kg/m2 density showed malformed caudal fins and injured body due to higher tensions and contacts. In the second phase, the growth rate of fish decreased with increase in stocking density where fish with lower density (1.5 kg/m2) showed 7.2%, 15.6%, and 19.8% higher weight gain as compared to fish reared at 2.5, 3.5 and 4 kg/m2 stocking density. Analyses showed that with increase in stocking density, feeding area per fish decreases and tension between fish increases that leads to lower feeding efficiency. Based on the results, the recommended optimum stocking density for Huso huso individuals up to 90 grams is 1.5-2 kg/m2 and for fish individuals over 900 grams each the density should be kept at 2.5-3 kg/m2.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Husu huso ; Food Conversion Ratio ; Fish ; Stocking Density ; Growth ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.129-138
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) juveniles were fed with dietary nucleotide levels of 0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.5% to investigate their effects on growth performance, survival rate and liver enzymes. Juveniles with an initial average weight of 12.26±0.001g were fed with the experimental diets for 60 days. The trial was carried out in 300 liter tanks each containing 35 fish which were fed with five meals a day at the rate of 34•5% of body weight. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA. Results of the study showed that the addition of dietary nucleotide led to significant increase of body weight gain (BW), weight increase percentage (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV) and feed intake but significant decrease of food conversion ratio (FCR) as compared to the control treatment (P〈0.05). No significant difference was found in condition factor (CF) and survival rate among the treatments (P〉0.05). The best value of growth improvement indices was observed at the dietary level of 0.25% nucleotide. Liver enzymes including AST, ALT and LDH at the level of 0.35% and ALP at the level of 0.25% were significantly lower than control treatment (P〈0.05). Our results also indicated that dietary nucleotide can have positive effects on growth performance and would decrease liver demolition.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nutrition ; Food conversion ; Nucleotides ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Brackish ; Diets ; Growth ; Liver ; Enzymes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.123-132
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effect of complete substitution of vegetable oils (cottonseed, soybean and grape seed) and a return to fish oil diets on growth parameters, survival and metabolism of free fatty acids in the diet of fish in the Caspian Sea, was investigated. Four experimental diets containing 100% fish oil, cottonseed oil, grape seed oil and soybean oil were fed to triplicate group of fingerlings (initial weight 3.6 g) for 60 days. No significant difference was detected for weight gain, specific growth rate and survival. Fillet fatty acid composition was analyzed and the results showed that fillet fatty acid composition was highly affected by dietary fatty acid profile. The highest accumulation rate of linoleic acid and linolenic acid was observed in the fish fed vegetable oil based diets. The results showed that feeding vegetable oil based diets stimulated elongation and desaturation pathway of C18 PUFA in fingerlings. However, the highest amount of EPA, DHA arachidonic acid (AA) was observed in fish oil based diet. At the end of the second period, after return to fish oil based diet, muscle fatty acid composition (total saturated fatty acid, linoleic and linolenic acid) of the fish fed previously vegetable oil based diets were still different to those fed fish oil based diet.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Salmon ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Fish oil ; Vegetable oil ; Growth ; Performance ; Fatty Acid ; Lipid ; Metabolism ; Composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.95-109
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Age and growth of the king soldier bream, Argyrops spinifer (Forsskal 1775) in the Persian Gulf (Bushehr coasts) were investigated. A total of 622 samples were obtained from June 2010 to May 2011. Total length (TL) of fish ranged from 13.5 to 64.2cm (females) and 15 to 61.2cm (males). Male and female fish age ranged between 2+ to 25+ and 2+ to 21+ years, respectively. Values of the von Bertalanffy growth function were calculated in females, males and total population by using the backcalculation method and otolith reading data. The values of these parameters according to otolith reading data were K=0.061, L∞=82.10cm (TL), t0=- 2.39 years for females and K=0.082, L∞=67.90cm (TL), t0= - 2.88 for males and K=0.065, L∞=75.50cm (TL), t0=-3.21 for total population and according to backcalculation method were K=0.088, L∞=76.37cm (TL), t0=-0.329 years for females and K=0.101, L∞=65.71cm (TL), t0=-0.168 for males and K=0.094, L∞=74.55cm (TL), t0=-0.191 for total population. The results of the study provide the direction for the future management models for the continued sustainable exploitation of this species in the Persian Gulf region.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Argyrops spinifer ; Bony fishes ; Stock assessment ; Determination ; Growth ; parameters ; Methodology ; Otolith ; Fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.67-74
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The impact of two principal parasitic digenetic trematodes, Meiogymnophallus minutus and Himasthla spp., on the growth (weight and length) of the cockle, Cerastoderma edule, in Arcachon Bay (France) was studied. The experiment was conducted in the land-based mesocosms. The velocity of infestation with both trematodes was far more rapid during summer in the cockles already parasitized with these trematodes (0.35 to 0.45 metacercariae day-1) than those of healthy ones (approximately 0.01 metacercariae day-1). The parasitism had also an effect on the growth rates of cockles. During 190 days of the experiment, the daily growth speed varied from 0.001mm.da/ to 0.021mm.day-1. On average, the growth was slightly more important in healthy cockles after the start of experiments (0.014mm.day-1) than those initially infested cockles (0.011 mm.day-1). The experiment also showed that infestation of hosts with trematodes could perhaps disturb their immunity system, as the intensification with trematode parasites had been favored by already infested cockles.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Meiogymnophallus minutus ; Himasthla spp. ; Cerastoderma edule ; Mesocosm ; Cerastoderma edule ; Parasitism ; Digenea ; Growth ; Host parasite interactions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.33-58
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A total of 1,364 specimens of Sepia officinalis (Lineaus, 1758), including 643 females and 532 males were measured from February 2010 to January 2011 catching by the commercial trawling fisheries of Algiers region. The sex, dorsal mantle, wet body mass, nidamental gland weight and female gonadal weight were recorded. The mean length of the dorsal mantle for females was 11.68±0.03 cm and for males 12.04±0.04 cm. The difference between the two averages was not significant. The Powell-Wetherall method for determining the asymptotic dorsal length of the mantle (DML∞) was applied (26.93 cm for both sexes combined) and the growth coefficient K, of 0.38 yr-1, was established using the ELEFAN method. A seasonal analysis of this coefficient shows a slowdown in growth in autumn and winter. The value of t0 determined by the Pauly method is 0.704 y-1. Relative growth shows a negative allometry of 2.55 for both sexes and a constant of proportionality is about 0.391. The study of the overall sex ratio showed a slight predominance of females with a ratio of 1:1.2. In autumn and winter, the females predominate with 67.3% and 52.5%, respectively. Considering the gonad and the nidamento-somatic index, S. officinalis in the Algiers region seems to breed between March and July.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Sepia officinalis ; Sex-ratio ; Gonadosomatic index ; Length-weight relationship ; Algiers ; Growth ; Spawning ; Period
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1500-1510
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The population structure of Aphanius anatoliae in Lake Eğirdir-Isparta-Turkey was studied, using 522 fish monthly in 2008. This study were observed in the number of individuals of each sex, age, weight and size compositions. In addition, the total length-weight relationship was calculated as well as the Von Bertalanffy growth equation. A study of the food uptake throughout the year has been carried by examination of the content of the digestive track. Males made up 51.92%, and females 48.08% of the population. The length-weight relationship and Von Bertalanffy growth equation were estimated as W= 0.0232 e 0.098L, r=0.8262, Lt = 54.51 (1 – e –0.279 ( t+1.345)), respectively. Bacillariophyta, Gammarus pulex and aquatic insecta are the major food items for Aphanius anatoliae.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology & Physiology ; Anatolia ; Killifish ; Endemic ; Growth ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.786-795
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: On two consecutive culturing period, the Caspian sea Bream fingerling average individual weight 30g stocked in a fish pond at the rate of 3000 unit per ha to rear through mono-culture method. Also in the other test carp pond fish comprised of 70% bream, 20% silver carp and 10% grass carp totally 4000 unit per ha Stocked to examine poly-culturing with bream species. The test replicated in second year by the same manner but the only difference was the weight of stocked bream fries which were 4g on average. Chemical fertilizer and chicken manure applied as warm water fish culturing technique demand. Carp grow out feed pellet supplemented to the ponds. Fish health, water quality and growth rate monitored. The minimum water temperature were 9 ֯C and maximum 33 ֯C recorded. Dissolved O2 = 5-7 mg/l, pH = 7-8.62 in the first year by mono-culturing method the bream achieved 200 gr by species on average. But with poly-culture system the bream gained 250g weight. Also individual species reached 580g. In second year test the pond with mono-culture method bream with the weight of 180 g produced. With poly-culture method the target species accomplished 221 g on average, also 300g appeared in the yield, Bream mortality didn't occurred during culturing. The experiment demonstrated poly-culturing of bream with Chinese carps by semi-intensive method produced satisfactory results. We suggest the bream could be enhanced in the list of fish species of Iran and able to promote sustainable aquaculture development.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Culture ; Abramis brama orientalis ; Earthen pond ; Diversify ; Aquaculture ; Average weight ; Crap ; Pond ; Poly-culturing method ; Silver carp ; Grass carp ; Species ; Weight ; Fries ; Chemical fertilizer ; Culturing technique ; Growth ; Feed ; Pellet feed ; Temperature ; Yield ; Mortality ; Chinese carps ; Aquaculture ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.49-62
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The changes in biological structure and growth common kilka were investigation during 2008-2017 in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Kilka fishing ships discharged theirs catch in three ports : Babolsar, Amirabad and Anzali. The sample based on the length of 5 mm were classified class. Fork length ranged from 52.5 to 142.5 mm and mean (±SD) 101.9±10.5 and fish fork length 92.5-112.5 mm of the population have been dominant (81%)(n= 49759). The slight fluctuations in the average length with values ​​between 100 and 105 mm. During this period, fish of +3 and +4 years old have been dominant with frequency of 80-70%. The stability length and weighted mean of generation growth rate was indicative of relative stability and the average age of common kilka stability, the stability of the population are descendants entered and confirmed. The results showed that in the year 2008 the frequency of young fish 1-2 years was 15.2% of the catch, but gradually in the following years, the abundance of these fish in the hake decreased, so that in 2017, only 10% of the catches were allocated. Reducing overfishing and pressure on young fish stocks is an opportunity to rehabilitate stocks of this species.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Fishing ; Growth ; Biological Structure ; Population
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.99-109
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Rutilus frisii kutum, belonging to family Cyprinidae, was reared using mono-culture and poly-culture (combined with Chinese carps) methods. The culturing process were carried out in earthen ponds from 22 May to 23 October in 1992 and 1993. Physical and chemical factors, transparency of the water, sanitary control and growth of the fishes were surveyed monthly. Nitrate and phosphate fertilizer and animal manure (cow and chicken) were applied to facilitate the growth of phytoplanktons and benthoses. Fertilizer usage were regulated according to the results of hydrochemical analyses and the transparency of the water. The fishes were fed on artificial food, concentrated pellet specially made for Rutilus frisii kutum nutrition (KF). Their diet were calculated using the body weight percentage (biomass) as well as their appetite. The essential characteristics of the water including water temperature (15°c - 27.64°c), pH (6.9 - 8.74), dissolved oxygen (4.79 - 7.25 ppm) and trasparancy of the water (often varied between 20 - 30 cm) were measured in the first year. Mean weight of the young fishes in the ponds were 30 gr; after six months the fishes caught in mono-culture ponds had reached 177 gr. By poly-culture method fishes reached 185 gr, and their maximum weight were 300 gr. In the second year the ponds were stocked with young fishes weighing 7 gr. When the fishes in mono-culture and poly-culture ponds were caught, they had reached 168 gr and 192 gr, respectively. Their maximum weight were 250 gr.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rutilus frisii kutum ; Cyprinidae ; Chinese carps ; Physical ; Chemical ; Growth ; Phytoplankton ; Benthos ; Hydrochemical ; Fish ; Body weight ; Species ; Size
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.49-58
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study investigated the use of fermented Prosopis juliflora pods (PJP) as a carbohydrate source alternative to rice bran (RB), and a P. juliflora pods based diet formulation supplemented with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Lactobacillus bulgaricus 009 (LB) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) on the growth of Labeorohita (rohu) fingerlings. The diets were isonitrogenous (39%) and isoenergetic (15.9 KJg-1 gross energy); and were prepared using rice bran (as reference diet RD), crude pods (PJPC), fermented pods (PJPF) and with probiotics L. acidophilus (PJPLA), L. bulgaricus (PJPLB) and S. thermophilus (PJPST). The results showed that fermentation of P. juliflora pods with L. acidophilus significantly increased (p〈0.05) protein, lipid, Ca, Fe, Mg, K and reducing sugar; and completely eliminated phytic acid. The diets PJPF and PJPLA produced significantly higher (p〈0.05) percent weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER as compared to PJPC, PJPLB and PJPST diets; and achieved growth performance comparable to RD. An improvement (p〈0.05) in the carcass protein has been detected in groups PJPF and PJPLA in comparison to RD, PJPC, PJPLB and PJPST. The L. acidophilus was found to be effective in controlling coliform count in gut as compared to L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus; and also in controlling total viable count, total coliform count and fecal streptococci count in fecal matter. The results indicate that PJPF and PJPLA deserve further investigations as alternative feed for rohu.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Prosopi sjuliflora pods ; Antinutritional factors ; Probiotics ; Fermentation ; Growth ; Microflora ; Diet ; Fingerlings ; Prosopis juliflora ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Lactobacillus bulgaricus ; Streptococcus thermophilus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.327-345
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper aimed to investigate the fishery and biological characteristics of anchovy Kilka in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from 2005-2007, including length and age structure ,Von Bertalanffy growth parameters, length and age at first capture, condition factor, sex ratio, natural and fishing mortality. The examination of catch data approved that Kilka population in the Caspian Sea have been declined a few years ago following entrance jellyfish Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi. The greatest destruction of anchovy kilka catch was occurred while the catch of anchovy from 4250 tonnes in 2005 reached to 924 tonnes in 2007. The results showed that K value and L∞ calculated 0.375/year, 131.7mm, respectively. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was estimated 0.49/year.The instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality and total mortality was 0.51 /year and 1/year, respectively. The Exploitation rate was calculated as 0.51. The length and age ranges restricted comparison to last decade and sharply decreased recruitment. In the past few years, the main reasons of disintegrates among anchovy Kilka stocks in the Caspian Sea were synchronized overfishing competitive anchovy Kilka with M. leidyi.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock assessment ; Clupeonella engrauliformis ; Age ; Growth ; Sex ratio ; Overfishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.796-806
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Macrobenthic organisms that live in constantly disturbed high-energy sandy substrata, have evolved specific morphological and equally important behavioural features for them to flourish (Ansell and Trevallion, 1969). Species of the tropical mollusc family Donacidae, are well known to exploit the swash and the backwash to keep within the zone of breaking waves in order to feed on the sparse nutrients held briefly in suspension by them (Ansell, 1981). These filter-feeding clams inhabit sandy beaches along the Indian coast, including the Indian Island (Rao and Dey, 1986, 2000). The members of the genus Donaxarean abundant component of the intertidal fauna in many parts of the world (Coe, 1953; Laudien et al., 2003; Herrmann et al., 2009). Growth checks can be caused by high seas, inhibition of growth at low or high temperature, attacks by predators, physical disturbances, pollution and spawning events (Lutz and Rhodes, 1980; Wilbur and Owen, 1983), and can be periodic (an effect of tides, lunar months or seasons), or irregular (due to random events such as cyclones) (Jones, 1981).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock assessment ; Donax faba ; Donacidae ; Wedge clam ; Growth ; Age ; Mortality ; Population
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.411-421
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, the effects of oxygen supplementation in different stocking densities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the specific growth rates (SGR), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and survival rates were investigated in a commercial-scale culture system. High density cultures were maintained in a total of nine (12 m3) flow-through systems supplemented with O2. Initial stocking rates for 3 different treatments with three replicates were 26.88±0.30 (low density), 36.72±0.26 (medium density) and 55.03±0.14kg m-3 (high density), corresponding to a total of 5800, 8000 and 12000 fish/tank, respectively. Water flow rate for each tank was maintained at 11±1.1 L sec-1 (660 L min-1) over the study period for each raceway, and the temperature was 12.3±0.8°C throughout the experimental period. At the end of the study, there were no significant differences in the survival rates and SGR among treatments (p〉0.05). However, FCR was negatively affected in the high density treatment (p〈0.05). Overall, our results indicated that oxygen supplementation supported fish growth and survival in high stocking densities. However, high production cost is prohibitive and further studies are required to reduce costs.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout ; Intensive culture ; Stocking density ; Oxygen supplementation ; Growth ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.538-545
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Light impact on growth of Skeletonema costatum at 20 treatments of light regimes including combination bf five intensities of 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 lux and four periods of (LightDark) 24:0, 18:6, 12:12 and 6:18 hours was studied. Daily random sampling was done for all treatments to determine cell concentration and growth rate. Among different light periods, growth rate was maximum and cell concentration was minimum at continuous light. At 4000 lux growth rate was higher than other intensities. However, there were not significant differences between treatments for growth, except 6:18 h (L:D); in this light period at different irradiances, growth rate and cell concentration was very low, and this made a significant difference between these treatments and others. The results showed that S. castatum's active cells adapted to light changes very well. But in older cells, i. e. the cells at late stationary phase or at death phase, there might be some growth disorders caused by environmental parameters, before active growth begin.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Cleve ; Skeletonema Costatum ; Light Regimes ; Sampling ; Growth ; S. castatum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.117-126
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Lanternfish (Benthosema pterptum) is one of the most important fish species in the Oman Sea. We randomly sampled 300 myctophids from different depths in spring and winter 2009 in the Oman Sea using mid-water trawls. Male to female sex ratio was 0.36:0.64. The thin sections (60-80µm) of sagitta otoliths of the fish were prepared using polishing method. These sections showed that increment growth rings of lanternfish otolith are formed daily and the age condition is distinguishable on a daily basis. We found the life span of the species to be short (with a maximum of 349 micro-increments counted) and probably less than a year. The relationship between standard length (SL) and daily growth increment (D) was expressed as the linear equation: SL=0.87D+12.37 (R 2=0.97). The relationship between lanternfish weight (W) and daily growth increment (D) was expressed as power equation: W=0.00003D1.754 (R2=0.95). Furthermore, morphometrical characteristics of otolith including otolith weight and length and daily growth increment relationships were expressed as linear equation (R2=0.96 and R 2=0.83). The results showed that lanternfish growth rate were in the range 0.241mm/d-1 to 0.138mm/d-1 and decreased by body size and age in this range.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pattern ; Daily ; Lanternfish ; Growth ; Otolith ; Morphometric ; Female ; Male ; Sex
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.147-160
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary lecithin on growth performance and hematological indices in juveniles of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Fish with initial average weight of 32.9±0.3 grams were fed five isoproteic and isolipidic formulated diets with different soybean lecithin levels including 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. Results showed that lecithin supplementation to 7.5% significantly increased some growth indices such as body weight increase (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR ) final weight (Wf), condition factor (CF) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Also, increasing dietary lecithin to the level of 10% significantly decreased growth indices. According to the results of hematological assays, hemoglobin (Hb) in treatments of 5% and 7.5% in comparison to other treatments had higher value. Hematocrit (Hct) in fish fed with 7.5% lecithin was higher than those fed with 0 and 2.5% lecithin in the diets. Other hematological indices such as WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC showed no significant differences among the treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that Siberian sturgeon juveniles have a relatively moderate lecithin requirement (between 5 and 7.5 percent of the diet) and these levels of lecithin in diet induces increase of growth performance and improves health status of this species.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Acipenser baerii ; Diet ; Food items ; Siberian sturgeon ; Hematology ; Growth ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.143-154
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Considering the effects of dietary nucleotides on growth and metabolism, this study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of this nutrient on the sources of the body needed energy, and growth performance of common carp. Fish with average (±SD) weight of 7.5±0.2g were fed to five levels of dietary nucleotides containing 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 percent for 8 weeks. Fish were fed 5 times daily according the satiation. After 56 days, the results showed that the level 0.2% nucleotide had the highest growth rate in terms of weight and length, but other parameters such as body weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, differences were not significantly changed. Biochemical analysis of serum parameters and proximate analysis showed that the physiological function of fish affected by different levels of nucleotides whereas in the energy supply sources, including glucose, triacyleglycerol, total protein and albumin there were no significant difference in cholesterol and lipid content of carcass. This study conveys a positive effect on the biosynthesis of dietary nucleotides on energy sources and growth functions, while the common carp has ability to synthesize this substance into the body, the level of 0.2% in the diet can affection *Corresponding author sufficient effect on growth and some biochemical indices.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nucleotides ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Glucose ; Dietary ; Energy ; Growth ; Nutrition ; Fat
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.133-146
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To decrease cost of the commercial formulated food in culture of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), inexpensive additives like Zeolite can be incorporated into food. An eight week experiment was conducted on juvenile freshwater crayfish to determine the suitable level of Zeolite in food of the fish. Four levels of Zeolite 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent with three replications each and a digestible energy (DE) of 3500Kcal/kg diet were formulated. Five hundred and forty juvenile crayfish weighing 2 plus or minus 0.8 grams each were randomly distributed between twelve aquariums of 250 liter capacity. Juveniles were fed on pellet foods at 8 percent of body weight four times a day. Different nutritional responses in terms of weight gain (WG), Relative growth rate (RGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (SR) were calculated and compared. WG, RGR and SR in treatments (1, 2, 3, 4) were not significant statistically (P〉0.05) as compared to the control group.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pellet feeds ; Zeolites ; Crayfish culture ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Diets ; Growth rate ; Juveniles ; Growth ; Survival ; Nutrition ; Artificial feeding ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.81-90
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Result show that: 1) Trout: a)Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection : The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a)Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were ( 20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection : The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp : a)Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection : The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated , number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 39pp.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of black carp introduction in chines carp poly culture as well as its effect on the growth, survival rate and production of chines carp species. This study conducted in two consecutive year. The period of culture in first year was during Jun 1 until Des 5 ,2009 and in second year it was from Jun 4 to Dec, 1,2010 .The experiment were started by selecting 9 earth end pond each with 800 m2 area and was performed in triplicate with 2 treatment and one control , each year .The ponds were treated by liming and fertilizer before filling water and then stocked with 3000 chines carp ( 140 Silver carp , 42 Grass carp , 42 Common carp and 25 Bighead carp ) while the number of Black carp in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, 250, 500, 75 and 125 pieces in Ha, blackcap was added to the control species respectively . The number of fish species harvested at end of culture in treatment 1, 2 and control .The total fish species harvested at the end of first year was 2276 out 1904 species released. The number of fishes catch in treatment 1,2 and control were 637,658and 573 species. the statistical analysis showed that average weight of black carp were 407±150 gr in treatment 1, 234±121gr in treatment 2 with the minimum and maximum weight of 242 and 780 gr in first treatment as well as 110 and 750 gr in second treatment the production of black carp in first treatment were 42 kilogram per hectare and 60 kilogram in second treatment. The growth rate were higher in second treatment than first one. In second year the investigation repeated in triplicate with treatment3, 4 and one control .The total stocking density in treatment 3,4 and control were 665,633, and 574 pieces. Statistical analysis showed that total weight of black carp in third treatment was2049 ±614gr and in forth treatment was 2361 ±60 gr where the minimum and maximum values were 3115 gr and 1025 gr respectively. The survival rat of black carp in treatment3 higher than in were treatment 4 while the growth in treatment 4 was higher treatment3.The total production of black carp in treatment 3 and 4 were 123 and 181kilogram per hectare respectively. The ANOVA test conducted for grass carp revealed that treatment 4 is significantly difference with treatment 3 and control. While for silver carp the treatment 4 is significantly difference with treatment 1 and control while for Big head carp the treatment 4 was significantly difference with control at 5% level (P〈 %5) .On second year the black carp reached to acceptable market size which could be compatible with other carp such as common carp and grass carp comparative analysis between different stocking density indicate that the stocking density with 125 pieces showed the highest positive effects.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Species ; Carp culture ; Chinese black carp ; Diversity ; Warm water ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Silver Carp ; Grass carp ; Common carp ; Bighead carp ; ANOVA
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 111pp.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The alarming rate of population growth has increased the demand for food production in third-world countries leading to a yawning gap in demand and supply. This has led to an increase in the number of hungry and chronically malnourished people. This situation has created a demand for the formulation of innovative and alternative proteinaceous food sources. Single cell protein production is a major step in this direction. SCP is the protein extracted from cultivated microbial biomass. Algae, fungi and bacteria are the chief sources of microbial protein that can be utilized as SCP. Produced proteins from these microbes have various nutrition values. SCP is the manufacture of cell mass using microorganisms by culturing on available agriculture, industrial wastes and fisheries by products. Fish wastes due to high protein are the most important substrates for SCP production. In this study, SCP production was done from Silver carp and tuna fish wastes (head, tail and vise versa) and cooked water of canned tuna factories. The used microbes were six genus and species of yeasts include Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cereviceae, Rhodotorula, Khyveromyces marxians, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Bacillus subtilis and B.licheniformis. The examination was done in bench scale and CSTR bioreactor (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). The effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, time, supplemented substrates, method of inoculation of microbes, rpm were evaluated. Changes of microbial growth and protein contents were tested by using Optical Density (OD) and Makrokjeldal methods respectively. In end of examination, produced protein were extracted and lyophilized. The results showed that protein percentage in bacterial protein was than yeast protein but wet percentage in bacterial protein was low. Production value produced from tuna fish wastes was higher than (30-45 g/l) to Silver carp wastes (25-29 g/l) and cooked water (10-15 g/l). By adding supplemented substrates, production value has been increased. Candida utilis, in comparison other yeasts, has high activation. B.licheniformis has also had more activation than Bacillus subtilis. The results of the effect some parameters on fermentation showed that yeasts and Bacillus in pH= 5.4 and 32oC and pH=6.9 and 35oC were better than growth pH=6 and 25oC and pH=6.5 and 30oC respectively. Time of fermentation in batch and bioreactor was 54 and 21 hours respectively. High rpm has been caused increasing of microbial growth in bioreactor. The conclusion showed that with optimizing of the growth condition such as some parameters (pH, temperature, substrates and so on) produced SCP with high efficiency. However, produced SCP should be exanimated with other specific tests such as amino acid and fatty acid profiles, minerals, nucleic acids and so on. After full examination, this SCP as probiotic could be used in fish and poultry feed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Single cell protein ; Marine ; Culture ; Fish wastes ; Yeast ; Bacterial ; Population ; Growth ; Biomass ; Algae ; Fungi ; Nutrition ; Candida utilis ; Silver carp ; Bacillus subtilis ; B.licheniformis ; pH ; Protein
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 132pp.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In 1999 Mnemiopsis leidyi was introduced to the Caspian Sea from the Black Sea with ballast waters from the ships. The comprehensive study on probability of controlling Caspian Sea invasive Ctenophora planned after a remarkable of decreeing in Kilka fish catches stocks and fisheris community problems. This study focus on reproduction experiments of Beroe ovata as the best candidate for control of Mnemiopsis population size in the Caspian Sea that was preformed in Turkey and Iran during 2002-2003. At 2002, 87 specimens of B. ovata, 10-50 mm transferred to Caspian sea ecology research center from Marmareh sea where acclimated with Caspian sea water gradually. At 2003, experiments were performed near to Black sea (at Sinop) with freshly collected Beroe ovata, 40-65 mm size in three salinity level treatment, the Black sea water 18 , Mixed water 15 and Caspian water 12 . 130 individuals of Beroe ovata were brought from Sinop (Turkey) to Iran during 2003. A number of Beroe specimens were sent to Guilan province for reproduction studies and another part were sent to Mazandaran province for both reproduction and mesocosem studies. For control we had 1 Beroe, length 30 mm in the Black Sea water that was alive during of study in Iran. The Jars were examined each day for ova and larvae and they were collected and put into glass container of Caspian water for hatching and developing survey, some of them were left without any handling for larvae developing. Also in another experiment the eggs collected from jars were placed in the same three treatments for studying of growth and survival. The results were unsuccessful on propagation experiments at 2002 since the spawning and hatching rates were very low (20 ova) and, none of the larvae developed into adults in Caspian Sea water. The spawning was more in Marmareh sea water with 138 ova where only 7 larvae was hatched. Results showed that Beroe specimens is able to survive and reproduce in Caspian water but was not as well as Black Sea also the Beroe larvae growth rate is low in the Caspian Sea water. Maximum fecundity of Beroe individual was 2212 and 235 ovae in Caspian sea water in site Sinop and Iran respectively. Results showed 34-100% eggs in Caspian sea water were destroyed and did not develop. In Iran we obtained only one larvae with 5 mm length, other larvae were at different stages of development but most of them were 1.2 2 mm. The results of mesocosm survey showed most of ova and larvae have been obtained from the tanks where individuals B. ovata were with Mnemiopsis. Fecundity of Beroe in the control with Black Sea water were between 17 to 1879 with average of 828 ± 112 ova. The poor results of B. ovata reproduction obtained in this survey in Caspian sea may be due to transportation and acclimation stress and low salinity of Caspian Sea water.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Beroe ovata ; Survival ; Growth ; Comprehensive ; Laboratory
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of a widely used oxadiazon herbicide,on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling (15 g). The 96-h LC50 was determined, and the growth performance, serum biochemical and hematological parameters, DNA damage of erythrocytes cells, as well as histopathological changes were also determined in fish exposed to sublethal concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2 ppm) of the herbicide for 30 days. The 96-h LC50 to C. carpio was found to be 3.9 ppm. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF) were decreased, while food conversion ratio (FCR) increased in the exposed fish groups (P〈0.05). Exposure to oxadiazon significantly increased serum ALT(Alanine transaminase), AST(Aspartate transaminase), ALP(Alkaline phosphatase), and glucose levels, while total protein, cholesterol, and albumin were significantly decreased in the exposed fish groups depend on oxadiazon concentrations and exposure time (P〈 0.05). Erythrocytes cells of fish exposed to 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm of oxadiazon showed DNA damage (21.3%, 22.9%, and 28.4%, respectively) , significantly higher than control group (P〈 0.05). Moreover, exposure to oxadiazon significantly decreased WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct as well as serum albumin, glucose, and total protein levels, while serum ALP was significantly increased in the exposed fish groups (𝑃�〈 0.05). No significant differences were found in MCV, MCHC and MCH levels between oxadiazon treatments and control groups (P〉 0.05). Oxadiazon was also induced marked histological changes included hyperemia, hyperplasia of lamellar epi-thelium, inflammatory cell infiltration, aneurysm, rod-like structures of secondary gill lamellae in the gills; fat changes in the hepatocytes, fibrosis, focal inflammatory cells and fibrocyte aggregation, diffuse and focal necrosis, hyperemia and hemorrhage and bile duct hyperplasia in the liver; hyperemia, necrosis of tubular epithelium and proteinuria in the kidney; myofibril change, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the muscles. Changes in size and number of melanomacrophage centers were also observed in the kidney, spleen, and liver tissues of exposed fish. This study indicated that oxadiazon is highly toxic to common carp and exposure to this herbicide lead to adverse effects on the fish.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Cyprinus carpio ; Fish ; Histopathology ; Growth ; Hematology ; DNA damage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 117pp.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the present study, length structure, mortality and exploitation rate of Otolithes ruber during a ten-year period were studied. Sampling was carried out by using bottom trawl net in the fishing area in Northwest of Persian Gulf over 1 year study period. Length data was also collected from fisheries research institute and fishery organization. Age determination was done by reading annual rings on sectioned otolith. Growth parameters were calculated based on age and length data. These data were used to estimate natural mortality rate. Total mortality was obtained from the age curve. Logarithmic catch and natural mortality were calculated from Pauly's equation. The averages of length in the last ten years were 35 to 39 cm. The samples ranged in length from 12 to 58 cm with the maximum frequencies between 28-44 cm. Length distribution was normal in this study. The maximum catch was composed of fish in the 40 to 48 cm length range with an average age of 2 to 3 years. The average total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality were 0.98, 0.56, and 0.42 respectively. Mortality was higher in age group 0 and age group 1, but mortality of the other age groups dramatically decreased. Exploitation rate in the last ten years were 0.42 indicating a near complete exploitation. Based on the results a more effective exploitation strategy is suggested in this region.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Length ; Structure ; Mortality ; Exploitation ; Otolithes ruber ; Growth ; Parameters ; Age
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.49-57
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In Iran, Chinese carps (Common carp, Grass carp, Silver carp and Big head) are cultured by using poly culture methods. Carps have been interested for culture for some properties like easy to farming, fast growth, availability in all season and low lost. In this study, the amount of fatty acid composition in silver carp oil has been evaluated by urea complex method in 1, +5 and -5°C. The fatty acid was purified by crystallization method. The highest amount of fatty acid achieved in 1°C temperature. According to our results, n-3 fatty acid increased but saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated decreased. Maximum purity of fatty acid in 1, 5 and -5°C temperature was found 67.8, 36.82 and 22.53 percent, respectively. In this project, proximate composition of silver carp meat was also evaluated. The n-3 fatty acid was microencapsulated by mass complex method and different parameters effects such as binding agent, different rate of mixing effect, ion power, different salt concentrations, usage of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldeid were studied. Average size of microcapsules in 100,300,500,750 and 1000rpm were found 537.2, 84.4, 12.98, 8.24 and 4 mµ, respectively. Results showed that the best salt concentration for encapsulation was 0.1 molar. In this concentration, the average of microcapsule size was received to 3.3. Using glutaraldeid, mixing glutaraldeid and polyvinyl alcohol and 0.1 molar salt and 1000rpm was prepared the best condition for formation the microcapsule.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: W3 fatty acid ; Silver carp oil ; Urea complex ; Microencapsulate ; Hypohthalmichthys molitrix ; Chinese carps ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Big head ; Culture ; Growth ; Crystallization method
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 122pp.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Some growth parameters and feeding aspects of the Lizardfish, Saurida tumbil, in Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province), were studied by regular monthly collections during February 2006- February 2007. Among a total of 691 specimens, 538 were females, 114 males and 39 immature. The total length for females ranged from 26.1 to 58 (38.9±6.7) and for males from 25.5 to 53.5 (34.20±6.7) cm. The total weight of females ranged from 136-1550 (486.7±281.9) and for males from 116 to 1125 (332±225) g. The length-weight relationship for all fish was W= 0.0064L 3.042 suggesting an isometric growth for all the fish sample. Condition factor ranged from 0.43 to 0.94 in different months. The relative length of the gut (RLG) was 0.44 on average, suggesting a carnivorous feeding habit of this fish. The maximum and the minimum gasterosomatic index (GI) (gut weight/total weight) occurred in November and in June, respectively. Amongst the 691 studied fish, 187 fish had empty, 297 semifull and 207 full stomachs. On the basis of stomachs contents, Clupeidae, Trichiuridae, Synodonthidae, Carangidae and shrimp were the most important food items, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that the lizard fish is a voracious piscivore species with a positive allometric growth pattern in juveniles and an isometric growth pattern in adults.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Feeding ; Length-weight relationships ; Synodontidae ; Gasterosomatic index ; Growth ; Parameters ; Lizardfish ; Saurida tumbil
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.51-60
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to introduce a new sturgeon hybrid to aquaculture industry, the possibility of hybrid production by crossing between Siberian and Persian sturgeons and its comparison with its pure parents using morphometric, molecular, cytogenetic and growth performance were conducted. For this purposes eggs and sperms of two pairs of Persian and Siberian sturgeon were collected and reciprocal crosses with 4 treatments were conducted. In treatment 1, Persian sturgeon as control (male and female of Persian sturgeon), treatment 2 (as type I hybrid) from crosses of male Persian sturgeon with eggs of female Siberian sturgeon in treatment 3 (type II hybrid) using crosses between male Siberian sturgeon and female Persian sturgeon and finally treatment 4 by crossing male and female of Siberian sturgeon were used. For each treatment 200 gr. of eggs were fertilized with one ml. of sperm and morphological, meristic parameters of parents and offspring were recorded. For growth comparison of fingerlings of control and hybrids in 3 different phases were measured. In phase (I), larvae rearing from 46 mg. up to 6600 mg. were conducted for a period of 10 weeks. Samples were collected once every two weeks and biological parameters were recorded. In rearing phase II for a period of 330 days, growth comparison were conducted for fish from 6.5 gr. to 750gr. and biological parameter were recorded once every month, where daily growth rate (gr./day), FCR, Specific growth coefficient (percentage per day), increase of body weight, food efficiency and protein efficiency ration were analyzed. In rearing phase (III), from 600 gr. to 2000 gr. for a period of 43 weeks, similar to phase (II) all biological parameters were analyzed, where 26 morphometric and meristic parameters of pure and hybrid parents and offspring were compared both for individual and ratio status of parameters. For genetic analysis and variation between control and hybrid specimens the microsatellite analysis were conducted. For this purposes, genomic DNA were extracted from fin tissues of brood stocks and fingerlings and 10 pairs of specific primers (Afug 56, Afug 63, Afug 241, Afug 229, OX 27, Afug 686, Afug 195, Afug 12, IS 68 and Afug 160) were used. Then PCR Products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and then were stained with Nitrate silver and alleles were evaluated based on its length (base pair). Cytogenetic analysis and number of chromosome of control fish and hybrid were compared using white blood cell culture method and chromosome spread of parents as well as offspring were prepared by Gimsa staining and were visualized under light microscope. For sexual gonad development, laparoscopic method with light camera (Model M-CAM 1700) were used to differentiate 34 pieces of control and hybrid fish and gonad status of ovary and testis were analyzed. In present investigation the results indicate that, in phase (I) of larvae culture, a significant differences were observed after 10 weeks of feeding (p≤ 0.05) in hybrid and control groups. Maximum growth rate were observed in Siberian sturgeon larvae, followed by type I hybrid, type II hybrid and Persian sturgeon larvae. In phase (II) , growth rate of Persian sturgeon were lower than Siberian sturgeon. For period of 330 days of rearing periods, the control Siberian sturgeon had 1.4gr. weight increment per day, while Persian sturgeon had only1. gr./day. However the hybrid type (I) had an average daily growth of 1.5gr/day and lower growth performance were observed in type II hybrid with daily growth of 1.5 gr./day. In phase (III), growth rates were varied at different age group. The daily growth rate of Siberian sturgeon was 4.5gr/day, while is control Persian sturgeon was 2.6 gr/day. The Siberian sturgeon within 47 weeks of rearing grown from 655 gr. to 2016 gr., however Persian sturgeon for the same period reached from Siberian sturgeon with male’s Persian sturgeon had higher type II hybrid showed opposite results for the same growing period and reached from 640 gr. to 1680 gr. In conclusion of growth performance can be stated that the hybrid from crosses between female Siberian sturgeon with male Persian sturgeon presented highest growth rate in comparison to control hybrid. This excellent achievement can be considered as a big step toward sturgeon aquaculture for meat and Caviar production. In analysis of morphometric characters 26 parameters were investigated which in 18 parameters showed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) which indicate clear distinguish able of hybrid performance in compare with parents where Siberian sturgeon has longer snout compare to Persian sturgeon and its size are intermediate in hybrids. In relative ratio of characters, out of 9 characters totally 7 characters showed significant differences (p≤ 0.05). In molecular analysis using microsatellite primers totally 400 DNA samples of hybrid as well as the control fish were investigated. Totally 784 allele were detected in which 363 alleles were belong to control fish and 421 alleles in hybrid. In this study, 19 alleles with different sizes were observed in hybrids rang from (120bp) in Aox27 primers (400bp) in AFUG229 primers. In comparing of all primers, the primer AFUG160 and AFUG195 with 2 alleles and primer AFUG686 with 7 alleles showed the minimum and maximum allele numbers.The banding patterns were monomorphic in 66 loci of control fish and 65 loci of hybrids, and in 77 loci of control fish and 73 loci of hybrids were diploid in 9 loci of control fish and 12 loci of hybrid fish were tetraploid, in one locus of control samples and 3 hybrid samples were pentaploid and finally within 10 pairs of primers 7 sets were disomic, 3 primers (Afug241, Afug686, Aox27) were tetraploid and 6 primers of (Afug63, Aox27, Afug688, Afug12, Is68, Afug160) showed excellent allele heritability which indicate the high efficiency of microsatellite techniques. In evaluation of the status of gonad development as well as determination of sexual stages laprascopic method indicated that out of 9 samples of Persian sturgeon (4 females and 5 male) were in stage of 2 & 3 gonad development. Out of 8 Siberian sturgeon (4 males+4 females) stage 2, 3, 4 were detected. In 7 gonad samples of hybrid (Female Persian and Male Siberian) totally 5 male and 2 female were observed at stage 3 and 4 gonad development. In analysis of 10 samples of type II hybrid (female Siberian × male Persian) 3 female, 6 males and 1 deformetic were observed. Cytological studies on 30 metaphase palate from 6 fish samples showed that the number of chromosome in hybrid are as same as parents 2n=250±10 where all control and hybrids similar to its parents showed 240 chromosome. In conclusion, It can stated that, this study successfully introduced a new sturgeon hybrid for sturgeon farming both for meat and caviar production. Considering the common name of sturgeon parents used for production this hybrid, we call this hybrid as (Siper) where Si instant for Siberian sturgeon and Per comes from Persian sturgeon.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hybrid ; Persian sturgeon ; Siberian sturgeon ; Siper ; Aquaculture ; Acipenser persicus ; Acipenser baerii ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 133pp.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Acipenser persicus, one of the native Species living in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, has high Percentage of larval mortality. Therefor to decrease the rate of mortality of larvae survival and to increase to regenerate properly during the active feeding process of fish larvae, while under artificial reproduction they were fed withe fresh water rotifer. Four types of feeding treatments were applied as follow :Treatment 1: Similar to normal process , first withe Artemia cyst then withe Daphnia Treatment 2: Mixture of Artemia, Rotifer and Daphnia; Treatment 3 freshwater Rotifera ;Treatment 4: fresh water Rotifer enriched with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid- 6- Palmytat ).Three replicates were used for each treatment. In the process of each observation 45 larvae in containers withe 100 liter capacity filled with 30 liters of water , after 8 days of external feeding process, were inspected closely, during which , they were under biometric measurement once every two days. Larvae were fed Four times a day at a rate of 25 % of their body weight. The average temperature estimation was 22/5 ±0/5 centigrade, pH of water being 8/5 ± 0/1 while Oxygen proved to be 9/58 ± 0/2 mg/l . At the end of the observation, the profill fatty acids of the remains were studied .The growth factors, the mouth size of the larvae and the expansion of the mouth size compared to the total length of the larvae during the whole observation were inspected. Credibility of data designated was examined by Shapiro Wilks test. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight growth (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were contemplated by one- way analysis test, and significant difference Tukey's test. The most notable diversity was evident between treatment 2 , whose indicative factors were in the following order : 4/ 65 ± 0/06, 45/18 ± 0/66, 4/48 ± 0/07 and treatment 4 whose indicative factors showed the following results: 10/47 ± 0/04, 124/42 ± 0/62, 1/51 ± 0/008.For the determination of fatness rate and weight gains, Kruskal Valis and Man vit ni test were used .In this part of study , the highest diversity fatness appeared to be between treatment 4 ,reflecting 0/79±0/07 and treatment 2 showing the result 0/62±0/05.The highest gain was related to treatment 4, whit the rate of 99/33 ± 0/68 mgr and the lowest gain occurred in treatment 2 white the rate 62/36 ± 0/65 mgr . This study also revealed that, the survival ratio connected with treatments 3 and 4 , compared treatments 1 and 2, were significantly different. The profile of fatty acids also showed much higher percentage of PUFA and HUFA in treatments 3 and 4 , than those in other treatments. Furthermore Brachionus calyciflorus proved to be a proper food supply for larvae. Therefore by building suitable pools next to the work side, other kinds of species fresh water rotifer could also be used as food improvements for feeding larvae.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Brachionus calyciflorus ; Acipenser persicus ; Fatty acid ; Larvae culture ; Vitamin C ; Larval survival ; Species ; Mortality ; Feeding ; Artemia ; Cyst ; Ascorbic acid ; Oxygen ; Growth ; SGR ; FCR ; Fresh water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 78pp.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to investigate the optimum stocking density for white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in earthen ponds in Choweibdeh shrimp site Abadan southwest Iran. Six 0.5 ha. Earthen ponds were applied to survey three stocking density of this shrimp (30, 45 and 60 indviduals/m2) with two replicates each. 15 days old postlarvae (PL15) with mean weight of 0.021 g were reared in the experimental ponds for 60 days. Results showed no significant difference ( P 〉 0.05 ) between the tested stocking densities in terms of growth ( weight gain, length increment ), specific growth rate ( SGR ), weekly growth rate, survival rate, food conversion ratio ( FCR ) and protein efficiency rate ( PER ). Nevertheless best results were obtained in the stocking density with 30 ind./m2 . Yield was increased by increasing the stocking density and the highest yield was obtained in the density of 60 ind./m2 with significant difference with two other densities. Ultimately, according to the findings of the present study, stocking density of 60 ind./m2 can be suggested as an acceptable density to be applied for white leg prawn in the region.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Stocking ; Density ; Growth ; Survival ; Density ; White leg shrimp ; Earthen ponds ; Weight gain ; Length ; SGR ; Yield ; Prawn
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project was carried out in order to determine the hatching conditions and laboratory culture methods of Fairy Shrimps ( Phallocryptus spinosa). Physico- chemical factors and phytoplankton of natural habitat of this organism was investigated in Khasellou region around Azarshahr – East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that occurance and growth of fairy shrimps in their habitates were beginning from early Aprill and their survival was decreased with increasing temperature, precipitation and increasing the salinity of their culture medium. Then they disappeared. Their habitat phytoplankton contained 3 phylla and 10 genera, from which green algae enjoyed the greatest density in May. The pool salinity was around 20-17 g/l , when metanauplii was observed in early spring. In the pool containing and without fairy shrimps the oxygen concenteration was high (9 mg/l) and low (2.9 mg/l ) , respectively . In 9 prawn ornamental fish genera, feeding with fairy shrimp showed a significant higher fecundity and hatching percentage compaired to manual diets (cow liver, spinach). In all groups fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 15 to 8-10 days and the color was enhanced. The means of cyst number per captured female also, cyst , decapsulated cyst and Naupilli diameters were mesured 142.9±19.0 cysts , 273.2 ± 4.9 µ , 242.4± 3.8 µ and 542.6 ± 27.0 µ., respectively . The hatching rate was increased by reducing temperature and salinity of their culture mediums from 25 to 15 ◦ C , and 28 to 18 g/l, respectively.The highest hatching was observed on 5 th day at 15 ◦ C and 18 g/l (5, 33 %). In addition, low but multiple hatching was observed. Therefore , water temperature and salinity affected hatching rate in this species.The hatching success of Phallocryptus spinosa cysts was beter when collecting cysts together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation sensetive cysts . In addition to cold keeping and freezing, the hydration – dehydration method caused more diapause deactivation for hatching induction. The laboratory results revealed that the survival of fairy shrimps were highest at 15 ◦ C (42%) and lowest at 25◦ C (26%), respectively. Also, their life was inhibited in 30◦ C.In different salinities, the mean survival rate were 26% (Salinity = 15 g/l) and 20% (Salinity = 25 g/l), respectively. The mean survival percentage of Phallocryptus spinosa cultured in natural habitat water (64.3%) was higher than aerated tap water (23, 3 %). Also, feeding with Nanochlorepsis caused higher survival rates. On the other hand, Beakers yeast caused higher mortality rates. Therefore , regarding to relatively high sensitivity of these species to physico – chemical and nutritional conditions of their culture medium, it is better to culture these species with expantion of their natural habitat in order to preserve their biodiversity , culture and increase stocking density with regard to environmental considerations .
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physico-chemical ; Environmental ; Fairy Shrimps ; Phallocryptus spinosa ; Hatching ; Culture ; Biotechnique ; Species ; Anostraca ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Phylla ; Feeding ; Survival rate ; Mortality ; Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 104pp.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main goal of the current study is to evaluate the impact of dietary herbal appetizer on the growth performance of growth out shrimp. This project was conducted at Caspian sea research institute of ecology from 2014 to 2016. Totally 180shrimps with an average weight of 2 g were randomly distributed to 9 fiberglass tanks with area and depth of 1m2 and of 0.6 m. The experiment lasted for eight weeks and the shrimp were fed by three different diets as follows: 1. Commercial pellet contained no herbal additive (control diet) 2. Commercial pellet contained 1% herbal appetizer and 3. Commercial pellet contained 2% herbal appetizer. The results showed that prawn weight gains for diet 1 , 2 and 3 were 6.28, 5.68 and 6.07 respectively. The estimated growth rate was 2.34g for control diet, 2.22g for 1% inclusion of the additive and 2.28g for 2% inclusion of the additive. Results also showed that inclusion of the additive did not change statistically average final weight (p〉0.05). A larger weight gain was observed at 0% additive inclusion although this was not statistically different with other treatments. In conclusion, with regard to the observed results, herbal appetizer administration cannot improve growth, feed conversion rate and weight gain in common carps.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Dietary herbal ; Pellet ; shrimp ; Growth ; Common carp ; Liptopenaeus vannamei
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 24pp.
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted to determine catch and fishing effort trends, length and age composition, growth and mortality parameters and estimate biomass and acceptable biological catch of Kutum in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea from 2013 to 2015. The catch of Kutum was 6112.8 and 5599.2 tons and CPUE were 181.1 and 183.5 kg/haul in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. The mean (± SD) of fork length were observed 39.4±6.1 and 40.7±5.6 cm and for total weight were 805.1±378.0 and 891.5±384.6 gram in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. The most predominated of length class was obtained 40-42 cm and frequency of immature individuals were observed 37.8 and 44.4 percent during two sampling period, respectively. The range of age was from 2 to 11 year and fish with 4 to 6 years comprised up to 84 percent. In length – weight relationship a, b and r2 were calculated 0.011, 3.02 and 0.96 respectively. K value, L∞ and t0 were calculated 0.19 (/year), 61.3 cm and -0.99 respectively. Mortality parameters such as Z, M and F were calculated 0.82, 0.36 and 0.46 respectively and Exploitation rate were calculated 0.56. The biomass of kutum estimated 41000 tons and the acceptable biological catch calculated 8250 to 9750 tons. The biomass of Kutum decreased in recently years in spite of produce and release of huge fingerlings. This recruitment (produce and release fingerlings) must be continued for stability of stocks and fishing stress must be decrease by anyway.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Kutum ; Growth ; Mortality ; Parameters ; Biomass ; ABC ; Age composition ; Length ; Rutilus frisii kutum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 68pp.
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  • 66
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Survey ; Growth ; Fingerlings ; Marketing size ; Aspius aspius ; Food manualy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 67pp.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study age, growth and maturity of Hilsa shad in Khuzestan province were analyzed. 394 number of fishes from marine habitat (Lifeh-Boseif), estuaries (Bahmanshir and Arvand) and rivers (Bahmanshir and Karoon) from February 2014 to September 2014 were collected using commercial fishing with gill net. Total length and wet weight of each fish were measured with precision of 1 cm and 1 gram. Sagittal otoliths were extracted for age determination of the fish. Since the otoliths were fragile, they were sectioned by polishing with sandpapers 800, 1500 and 2000. Then abdominal cavity of each sample were opened for determining sex and maturity stage. Growth parameters were calculated using von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞=58.365, K=0.26, t0=-0.16). Phi-prime constant was obtained 2.95. Length and age at first maturity were obtained 27.32cm and 2.4 g respectively using logistic model to fit a and b parameters with observed data in spawning season.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Age ; Growth ; Maturity ; Hilsa shad ; Tenualosa ilisha ; Otolith ; Length-weight relationships ; Parameters ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.47-58
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In recent decades, using herbs and herbal extracts as growth promoters and immunostimulants in Aquaculture has been increased. In the current study, effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on some hematological and serum parameters and growth performance of Barbus sharpeyi(Gunther, 1874( fingerlingswere studied. Four levels of ginger extract including 0 (Control group), 0.1, 0.5 and 1 per cent were added to basic diet. Fish were fed twice a day as 3 per cent of body weight for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, biometry was performed and blood samples were collected from caudal vein. The results showed administration of ginger extract as a supplement in diet did not significantly affect growth indexes (WG and SGR) (p ≥ 0.05). On the other hand, different levels of ginger extract could significantly increase WBC count, hematocrit and some hematological parameters. Also, Serum lysozyme activity and serum total protein and albumin were significantly increased after using ginger extract (p ≤ 0.05). based on our results, ginger extract can be used as a growth promoter and immunostimulant for Barbus sharpeyi.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hematological ; Serological ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Ginger extract ; Immunostimulant ; Growth ; Zingiber officinale ; Parameters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.100-110
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This survey was conducted to survey the substition effect of Arthrospira platensis and Chaetoceros muelleri as food for feeding Litopenaeus vannamei during zoea and mysis stage. Larvae were cultured in 30 L containers filled by 10 L at a density of 100 Larvae. During the experiment salinity was 30 ppt and the average of temperature , pH and DO were 31.4ºC ,8.03 and 5.3 mg/l respectively .Three diet treatment and three replicates consist of twomonospecific and 1 combination of two algae were designed. All treatments received Artemia naupli at 5/ml from M1 and micro bound diet at 6 mg/l/d. Survival and total length were measured in zoea and mysisstage.The result indicate that highest survival rate in Zoea (63.17±1 %) and mysis (45.3±1.2 %) was obtained in Chaetoceros (P〈0.05).Maximum total length in Zoea (2.64±0.1mm) which there was not significan with Chaetoceros( P〉0.05)but In mysis stage (4.44±0.09mm ) was obtained in combination of Chaetoceros muelleri and Arthrospira platensis ( P〈0.05 ).The result of this survey indicated that combination of Chaetoceros and Arthrospira platensis is better for feeding Litopenaeus vannamei during zoea and mysis stage.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spirulina platensis ; Diet ; Growth ; Survival ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Larvae ; Arthrospira platensis ; Chaetoceros muelleri
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.25-34
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The oxidation of fat in fish diets due to oxygen penetration, high temperature and metal catalysts is common. The effects of feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil on the growth indices and lipid metabolism in young hybrid sturgeons (Huso huso ♂× Acipenser ruthenus♀) was investigated. Three different diets were implemented to three different groups: a control group, Group OFO50 (50% oil fish oxidized) and Group OFO100 (100% oil fish oxidized). 90 young sturgeon hybrids with an average initial weight of 212/6 ± 0/7 g, , were randomly divided into 9 fiberglass tanks with a volume of 700 liters after a 2 week adaptation period. Feeding was performed three times a day (8:00, 14:00 and 20:00) according to the specimens’ appetite during the period of the study. After 6 weeks, sampling was done to assay the growth parameters and biochemical indices. In both oxidized oil-fed groups, adverse impact on growth was seen. Also, a significant reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the OFO100 groups. The results showed that feeding hybrid sturgeons with diets containing oxidized fish oil, cause a negative impact on growth and lipid metabolism. Although a slight increase in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate was recorded, it was undesirable and relevant to an increase in visceral fat.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oxidized lipid ; Hybrid sturgeon ; Growth ; Fat metabolism ; Blood ; Biochemistry ; Fish oil ; Diet ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.78-88
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth survival and nutritional characteristics of goldfish (Carassius auratus). For this purpose, 180 goldfish with an average initial weight of 1.18± 0.08 g were introduced randomly into 12 aquaria (50×30×40 cm) in 4 groups, with 15 fish in each group. Treatments were fed on a basal diet for one week, followed by experimental diets for eight weeks. Garlic powder was added at levels of 0 (Control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg kg^-1 to commercial diet. At the end of the experiment, growth and survival rates and feed performance were evaluated. There was no significant difference in growth rate and feed efficiency between treatments, although they were better in the 0.5% level. The highest survival rate was achieved in the 0.5% treatment that showed a significant difference compared to the control diet (p〈0.05). The best growth performance and feed efficiency were obtained in fish fed the 0.5% garlic powder diet.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Carassius auratus ; Allium sativum ; Garlic powder ; Growth ; Feeding ; Survival ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.71-82
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study aimed to determine the effects of lucantin red and yellow and also astaxanthin on the growth, hematological and immunological parameters, and coloration of the tiger oscar (Astronotus ocellatus). To this end, 120 fingerlings of tiger oscar were equally and randomly divided into 12 aquariums. The fish were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Treatments included diets containing no pigment (control), 100 mg kg-1 lucantin red, 100 mg kg-1 lucantin yellow, and 100 mg kg-1 astaxanthin, with three replicates apiece. At the end of the trial, growth factors, hematological and immunological parameters, and coloration were measured and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the control group and other treatments fed with pigments in terms of growth factors (p〈0.05). However, no significant difference was found between treatments fed with pigments in this regard (p〉0.05). The results indicated no significant difference between treatments in hematological parameters (p〉0.05). The results demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the control group and other treatments in terms of lysozyme activity. In addition, a significant difference was observed between treatments 1 and 3 in this regard (p〈0.05). However, there was no significant difference between treatments in other immunological parameters (total immunoglobulin, IgM). The statistical analyses suggested no significant difference between experimental treatments in terms of total carotenoids in the blood (p〉0.05). Statistical analysis of color intensity variation revealed a significant difference between the control group and other treatments (p〈0.05). The study findings showed that lucantin red and yellow and astaxanthin can improve growth factors and coloration and increase lysozyme activity in Tiger Oscar.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Astronotus ocellatus ; Fish ; Growth ; Hematology ; Coloration ; Immunology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.798-811
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In present study the effect of dietary inclusion of equal amounts of four traditional medicines; Matricaria chamomilla L, Zataria multiflora L, Mentha piperita L and Terminalia chebulo L on growth performance and digestive enzymes activity in Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated. Two diets, including a control basal diet and an experimental diet with 30 g kg-1 herbal mixture supplementation were prepared. Juveniles (with average weight of 2.63±0.11 g) were fed control and supplemented diet for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, shrimp fed the experimental diet showed significant increase in SGR, WGR, compared with those of the control group. Shrimp fed with herbal mixture supplementation revealed significantly higher lipase, protease and amylase activities as compared with the control group in 60 days. The results indicated that using equal mixtures of four medicinal plants in L. vannamei diets can improve the growth parameters and digestive enzyme activities.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: White leg shrimp ; Matricaria chamomilla L ; Zataria multiflora L ; Mentha piperita L ; Terminalia chebulo L ; Herbal ; Litopenaus vannamei ; Growth ; Digestive enzyme activity ; Juvenile ; Dietary
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1157-1163
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main objective for the present research was to assess the effect of cyclic starvation and L- carnitine supplementation on growth (body final weight, hepatosomatic index (HSI), daily growth rate (DGI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and voluntary feed intake (VFI)), body composition (crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture), biochemical (plasma total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and liver glycogen) and immunological (lysozyme activity) parameters in grey mullet. To satisfy the foregoing end, a total of 240 fish with an average weight of 1.33±0.26 g were randomly divided into four groups (three replicates, 20 fish per tank). Two groups were fed on a daily basis and the other two ones were kept starved for 7 days once in 2 weeks. Two groups were fed a carnitine free basal diet and the remaining were fed a diet with 800 mg carnitine kg-1 . Cyclic starvation led to significantly decreased body final weight, DGI, FCR, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol. On the contrary, no significant differences were found across all groups for FCR, HSI, glucose, liver glycogen and lysozyme concentrations. At the same time, the combined effects of cyclic starvation and carnitine supplementation were manifested in DGI and VFI parameters. In light of the above results, it can be noted that in both feeding regimes, growth, feed utilization and carcass quality in grey mullet increased upon adding 800 mg carnitine kg^-1 diet.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mugil cephalus ; L-carnitine ; Cholesterol ; Lysozyme ; Cyclic fasting ; Growth performance ; Parameters ; Growth ; Immune
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.15-29
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wild common carp of the Caspian Sea is one of the important fish in the north of Iran, which has been introduced to inland aquaculture. Its genetic characteristics are investigated to set up for breeding programs that are still unknown. Using wild common carp in aquaculture is limited for uncontrolled variation in performance of fish derived from undomesticated breeders. A 7×7 factorial mating design was employed to examine genetic effects of dam and sire on growth and heritability of growth-related traits based on dam half-sib and sire half-sib families. Breeders were obtained originally from the Caspian Sea. A total of 1470 offspring were raised in 49 separate fiberglass tanks with common conditions. Body weight and length were recorded at three different ages of rearing. Estimation of heritability of weights ranged from 0.23±0.05 to 0.30±0.07 for dams and ranged from 0.15±0.03 to 0.26±0.04 for sire. Similar results were obtained with length but with less variation (0.24±0.02 to 0.26±0.01 for dams and 0.20±0.02 to 0.22±0.03 for sire). The broad-sense of weight and length are 0.23±0.04 and 0.23±0.01 respectively. The dam and sire effect on growth were significant, indicating the presence of variations among the native fish of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, it is suggested to use a length for selection that is more reliable and less affected by environment than weight at any time of growth and in respect of high phenotypic correlation (0.87-0.95) observed between weight and length. In the present study we even used wild common carp and the heritability was not higher than the domesticated common carp. It means the genetic variation for quantitative traits, for common carp of the Caspian Sea are low or it may be under pressure of inbreeding which should be studied further.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cyprinus carpio L. ; Common carp ; Heritability ; Genetic Parameter ; Juvenile ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.740-748
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, Hg in muscles and liver tissues of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from the southern Caspian Sea was measured. Effects of condition factor (CF), age and hepatosomatic index (HSI) on metal accumulation were also determined. Some 40 stellate sturgeons were collected using gill nets in winter and spring 2007-2008 from the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. Total (TL) and fork (FL) length and weight of all specimens were measured. Cross sections of first ray of pectoral fins were used for age determination. Muscle and liver samples were taken and transported to the laboratory in ice packs and kept in -20 oC prior to analyses. In the laboratory samples were oven dried, digested with HClO3 and HNO3 and diluted with dionized water to 50cc to measure Cu, Zn, and Hg concentration with a flame spectrophotometer. Sequence of metals in Acipenser stellatus was Zn〉Hg〉 Cu in muscle tissues and Zn〉 Cu〉 Hg in liver samples. Concentration of Zn was slightly in correlation with age (R= 0.3). A negative correlation was observed between Zn concentrations with condition factor (R= -0.3). Zn concentrations were negatively correlated in muscle tissues (R=-0.3). The results were compared to international standards proposed by MAAF, EEC and NHMRC. Our study showed that accumulation of heavy metals in sturgeon tissues was influenced by concentration of metals in sediment and the physiological state of fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Acipenser stellatus ; Heavy metals ; Condition factor ; Hepatosomatic index ; Liver ; Muscle ; Growth ; Parameters ; Tissues
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.325-337
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The objective of this project is to compare growth and survival rate in Chinese carps reared under traditional culture conditions versus those reared in ponds treated with slurry (anaerobic fermented of cow manure). This experiment was conducted using two treatments one treatment using slurry and the other using cow manure plus chemical fertilizer as the control with three replicates for each. Chinese carp were stocked at the density of 2375 individuals/ha ( Silver carp 60%, Bighead 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%). In this investigation common carp and grass carp were fed with formulated diets and fresh grass, respectively. The survival rate in the slurry treatment was higher than that in traditional treatment. Survival rates were 98, 100, 84 and 52 percent for silver carp, bighead, common carp and grass carp, respectively in the slurry treated ponds and 96.0, 98.3, 82.8 and 20.0% percent in the control ponds. The results showed that survival rate and yields were higher in the slurry treated ponds than that in the control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in silver carp, bighead, common carp and grass carp, respectively. The survival rate for grass carp was two times higher in the slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundance in slurry ponds was higher than that in control, but blue-green algae density in slurry treated ponds was less than (over 50%). In general the results indicate that slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in the proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton. Slurry also reduces the use of chemical fertilizers.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Zooplankton ; Plankton ; Slurry ; Chinese carp ; Cow manure ; Survival ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.56-75
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Improving and protecting fish health in commercial production practices is a major factor in the aquaculture industry. This has prompted new initiatives toward the development/appraisal of novel agents or functional dietary supplements in commercial feeds for fish and crustacean species. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that selectively stimulate the growth and metabolism of health-promoting bacteria already present in the host gut. This leads to increased growth rate and better health of the host (Ahmadifar et al., 2011). Dietary supplements including probiotics and prebiotics such as inulin and immunostimulants have shown promise as preventive and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture, especially for fishes (Genc et al., 2007).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Inulin ; Growth ; Body composition ; Stress resistance ; Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) ; Hematological ; Parameters ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 1072-1082
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Six different diets including two rainbow trout starters, Gammarus dry powder, shrimp dry powder, egg yolk dry powder and newly hatched Artemia were used in feeding of Caspian Kutum larvae. During a 4-week trial, larvae with a mean weight of 17.5 ± 4.7 mg were fed with three replicates and growth parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Thirty fish in each experimental unit with 3 L volume were fed 6 times daily according to their satiation. Results showed that there were significant differences in the final weight, final length, body weight increase, voluntary feed intake and specific growth rate for weight and length among the treatments (P〈0.05), but not in the condition factor (P〉0.05). The best performance was observed in fish fed Artemia nauplii. The survival rate was significantly different among the treatment (P〈0.05) which the highest (75.6 ± 3.8%) and lowest (22.2 ± 11.7%) were observed in fish fed Artemia nauplii and Coppens, respectively. According to obtained results, it appears that except Artemia, the most suitable and inexpensive diet is egg yolk powder, which can results in high growth performance and survival rates. The results of this study suggested that using dry non-live diets with good composition could be replaced with Artemia that had suitable growth and survival rate in Caspian Kutum during larval 0.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Food ; Practical diet ; Growth ; Survival ; Larvae ; Caspian Kutum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.28-36
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The aim of the present study was to investigate the age structure, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, sexual maturity stages, growth parameters, natural and fishing mortality coefficients of three species of kilka including common, anchovy and bigeye kilka. The fork length–weight relationship of common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were calculated as W=0.000153 FL2.37, W=0.000349 FL2.18 and W=0.00160 FL2.97, respectively. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve for length were L∞ = 143.5 mm, K = 0.30 yr-1 and t0 = -1.02 yr for common kilka L∞ = 151.9 mm, K = 0.28 yr-1 and t0 = -1.12 yr for anchovy kilka L∞ = 148.6 mm, K = 0.46 yr-1 and t0 = -0.18 yr for bigeye kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality of common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were estimated as 0.671, 0.633 and 0.881 yr-1, respectively. The current exploitation rates of three species were estimated as 0.55, 0.41 and 0.26, respectively. The results suggest that common kilka stock is under over-fishing now.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Clupeonella cultriventris caspia ; C. engrauliformis ; C. grimmi ; Growth ; Sexual maturity stage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.422-433
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth, production and profitability of farming Labeo bata fry in earthen rearing ponds for a period of 60 days. Labeo bata, fry (mean initial length, 3.42 ± 0.07cm and weight, 1.02 ± 0.06 g) were stocked at 750, 1000 and 1250 decimal-1 in treatment-1(T1), treatment-2 (T2) and treatment-3 (T3) respectively, each with two replicates. Growth performance in term of final length and weight, net length and weight gain, specific growth rate were significantly higher (P〈0.05) in T1 than those of T2 and T3. Feed Conversion Ratio followed the opposite trends as specific growth rate. Production in terms of weight was found to be higher in T2 followed by T3 and T1, because of higher stocking density compare to T1 and higher weight gain in comparison to fish reared under T3 as well as insignificance variation in survival rate between T1 and T2. Consistently higher net benefits were found from treatment T2, which could be recommended to adopt. Moreover, further studies are also required to find out suitable culture technique that could enhance the production experimenting with different feeding frequencies as well as by manipulating culture systems.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Labeo bata ; Stocking density ; Growth ; Earthen pond ; Feeding ; Feed conversion ratio
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1068-1075
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of Artemia urmiana enriched with ICES30/4 as a commercial emulsion of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) on growth, survival, salinity tolerance and fatty acid composition of the Persian sturgeon larvae were evaluated. Artemia enriched for two different time periods (12 and 24 hours) and non-enriched artemia were fed to A. persicus larvae (average initial wet weight 46.80± 2.03mg) during 20 days. The n3-HUFA content ranged from 0.82±0.08 mg /g DW in non-enriched artemia to 7.69±0.2 mg/g DW in enriched artemia during 24 h with ICES30/4 and ranged from 3.20±0.30 mg/g DW in sturgeon fish larvae fed with non-enriched artemia to 5.98±0.43 mg/g DW in fish larvae fed with 24 h-artemia enriched with ICES30/4 after 20 days. The n3-HUFA content significantly increased compared to 12 h enrichment period both in artemia and sturgeons fed with these artemia (p〈0.05). A significant increase in survival percentages and salinity tolerance were observed between fish larvae fed with enriched and non-enriched artemia (p〈0.05), while growth rate did not significantly differ among the treatments (p〉0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Artemia urmiana ; Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) ; Enrichment ; Growth ; Survival performance ; Fatty acids composition ; Larvae ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.183-193
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The toxic effects of herbicides (Machete, Saturn) and pesticides (Diazinon and Malathion) on green algae, Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, and cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos aquae, were studied. The results indicated that Machete and Saturn, in comparison to Diazinon and Malathion, were more toxic. On the other hand it was revealed that green algae was more sensitive to the pesticides than the cyanobacteria. When we added 3.199 mg/l machete (EC50 of this toxicant for Anabaena flos aquae) to a mix algal culture, the growth rate of green algae after 6 days of treatment was reduced 0.95 times, while it was 4.5 for the cyanobacteria. Treating the culture with 10.53 mg/l of Saturn for the same period of time revealed that the growth rate for green algae and the cyanobacteria increased 1.19 and 7 times, respectively. Hence, we can conclude that pesticides are capable of decreasing the diversity of the phytoplankton species in an aquatic ecosystem that from the fisheries point of view could cause serious problems.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Scenedesmus obtusiusculus ; Anabaena flos aquae ; Herbicide ; Pesticide ; Algae ; Toxicant ; Pollution ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.47-58
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The aim of the present study was to estimate the population parameters including length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (KF), relation condition factor (Kn), age, growth and mortality of Alburnus mossulensis in Azad dam and Komasi River in Kordestan Province, Iran. Of 522 specimens, the fork length, total length and weight of A. mossulensis ranged from 70 to 164, 75-175 mm, and 4.3 to 48.1 g and averaged (±SD) 114.0 (±15.97), 127.5 (±25.29) mm and 18.2 (±5.61) g, respectively. The length-weight regression was W=0.0003×FL2.7434 indicating a negative allometric growth. The sex ratio (M:F) was 1:0.49, for adult A. mossulensis (n=134) which differed significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio (p〈0.001). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as L∞=170.3 mm, K=0.46 yr-1, t0=-0.59 yr. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was estimated as 0.85 yr-1. The average of condition factor (KF) was 1.27(±0.161). Statistically significant differences were found in KF during different seasons (p〈0.001). There was a significantly negative correlation between FL and KF (r2=0.60). The average of relative condition factor (Kn) was 1.06±(0.130). In the present study, the Kn of A. mossulensis were close to 1 and greater than 1 in Komasi River and reservoir, respectively. These results suggested the well-being of the fish was good in Azad Dam region.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Alburnus mossulensis ; Fish ; Age ; Growth ; Condition factor
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.672-683
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Alphamune, a mixed prebiotic composed of mannan-oligosaccharide and β-glucans, on the growth performance, digestibility and enzyme activity of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with Alphamune at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g.kg-1 leading to five experimental diets. Obtained results showed that inclusion of dietary Alphamune significantly increased the final weight and weight gain (p〈0.01) of rainbow trout compared to the control group. Feed conversion ratio was also improved after prebiotic administration in comparison with the control group (p〈0.05). However, Alphamune supplementation did not change specific growth rate (p〉0.05). Also apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was not affected by dietary addition of the prebiotic (p〉0.05). Our results indicated that amlayse and lipase activities were not significantly influenced by administration of different doses of Alphamune. The result also showed that trypsin activity was gradually increased with increasing of the probiotic level (p〉0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of the prebiotic Alphamune can improve the nutrient efficiency and growth performance of rainbow trout confirming the positive effect of a mixture of prebiotics on fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout ; Prebiotic ; Alphamune ; Growth ; Digestibility ; Enzyme activity ; Parameters ; Diets ; Levels
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1055-1066
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sampling was done using 90 post larvae which were produced by reproduction of some broodstocks of Fenneropenaeus indicus in one day and reared in the same situation for 4 months. Samples were divided into 3 groups: high, medium and low growth (based on weight and length). Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using the phenol-chloroform method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using 21 RAPD loci and PCR products were separated on 3% Agarose gel. From 21 loci studied, 12 produced polymorphic bands. The most polymorphic produced bands using OPAQ 9 and the least by OPAQ 7. Search for specific markers in F. indicus one specific band was observed in the low growth group using OPAQ4. The highest genetic distance (0.457) was between the low growth group and the medium and the lowest (0.091) between high growth and medium groups, therefore the highest genetic identity (0.912) was between high growth and medium groups and the lowest (0.633) between low growth group and the medium. Neighbor-joining resulted in two groups, the first including high and medium growth groups and the second low growth group. It appears that low growth group depended on separated population. Considering the mean weight of F1 (mean weight of 90 specimens) (16.25±1.5 g), parental generation mean weight of 15 ±1.2 and mean weight of parent 31.6 g, response to selection (R) and heritability for growth in this species were estimated to be 1.2±0.2 and 0.07±0.01 respectively.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Feneropenaeus indicus ; RAPD marker ; Heritability ; Growth ; Iranian Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.123-134
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of beta glucan, the plant extract, Vitabio A, and the plant extract with probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (Vitabio B) on the growth, histology and immune response of Labeo rohita (Rohu), reared for 120 days in a flow through system. Fish with an average body weight of 264±2.65g were stocked in cemented tanks at 10 fish/replicate. Four iso-nitrogenous artificial feeds containing 0.1% of beta glucan, plant extract, plant extract+probiotic and control (without any immunostimulants) were given to fish twice a day at 3% body weight of fish. A significant (p〈0.05) difference in weight gain was observed between the control and plant extract fed group while it was non-significant (p〉0.05) for the other treatments. The total serum proteins and cell counts (CBC) showed non-significant (p〉0.05) difference among all the treatments except for RBC and Hb which were significantly higher in T1 (control) and T2 (plant extract + bacteria Lactobacillus spp.) compared to T3 (beta glucan) and T4 (plant extract). The analysis of fish body composition revealed that plant stimulant treatment had significantly higher crude protein and ash contents compared with the other treatment groups and lower fat content compared with the control (T1). In conclusion, the plant extracts and beta glucan can be used without any adverse effects on growth, total serum proteins, hematology and fish body composition.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Labeo rohita ; Growth ; Hematology ; Probiotic ; Immune system
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.862-872
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Selenium, a trace mineral complement is used as cofactor of antioxidant enzymes that protects fishes against environmental stress agents and enhances performance in fishes. In this study the different levels of organic and inorganic source of selenium were included in juvenile rainbow trout diet to evaluate feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain percent (WG), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR) and proximate analysis of the fillet during 60 days of the experiment. The fishes were allotted to 9 treatment groups including, Tc the fishes were fed diet without any selenium, control group, To1, To2 ,To3 and To4 the fishes were fed different dosages of inorganic selenium and Ti1, Ti2, Ti3 and Ti4 those were fed different dose of inorganic Se in their diet. Results showed that To4, showed the highest level of WG from 50±2.8 to 168.54± 25.56 g in comparison to Tc (134.38± 27.26g) (p〈0.05). Average initial total length of fishes (19± 1.12 centimeters) increased to 21.1± 1.12 cm in Tc and 22.46± 1.25 cm in To4 significantly (p〈0.05). Among all treatments, FCR, SGR, WG, CF and SR were improved in To3 group. Also carcass protein increased in To4 (32.58±1.22%) on the contrary of Ti4 (22.43±1.51%) (p〈0.05). As a general conclusion, dietary incorporation of organic selenium at 0.45 mg/kg showed satisfactory results in some growth parameters and was a useful supplement in salmonid fish diets.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Onchorhyncus mykiss ; Organic selenium ; Inorganic selenium ; Rainbow trout ; Proximate composition ; Growth ; Juvenile ; Growth performance ; Dietary ; Organic ; Growth rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.238-251
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effect of essential fatty acids (EFA) and vitamin C-enriched Artemia nauplii on growth, survival, and resistance to temperature (high) stress in rainbow trout larvae reared in tanks were investigated. The larvae (average weight 120.43mg±13.5) were fed 6 times daily starting at the onset of exogenous feeding for 1 week. Triplicate groups of fish were offered one of four treatments (1) commercial starter food for rainbow trout، (2) newly hatched Artemia nauplii (unenriched) ،(3) highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) + vitamin C-enriched Artemia nauplii and (4) combination of 10 % HUFA+ vitamin C enriched nauplii and commercial starter food. After 1 week, all groups of fish were switched to the commercial diet for an additional period of 3 weeks. Statistical analysis of growth after the first week and at the end of the experiment, showed that growth of larvae in various treatments was significantly different (P〈0.05). After 4 weeks, the larvae in treatment 3 with the average weight of 657.50 ± 57.93 mg had the highest body weight (P〈0.05). The highest percentage of survival (96%) was observed in treatment 3 (P〈0.05). Proximate compositions of trout larvae after one week feeding with experimental diets showed that the protein in the larvae of treatments 3 and 4 was significantly different compared to other treatments (P〈0.05). The best result of resistance to temperature (up to 24ºC) was observed in larvae reared on treatment 3 with 91.34 ± 1.52 percent (P〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Artemia nauplii ; Rainbow trout ; Essential fatty acid ; Vitamin C ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Stress resistance ; Temperature ; Growth ; Survival ; Feeding ; Larvae ; Performance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.557-569
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of substituting dietary protein sources with different levels of Sargassum ilicifolium on growth, survival and body composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated over the course of a 60 day experiment. A total of 360 juveniles (75±2.8 g) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups including (control: with 100% basal diet (BD); T1: 5% sargassum meal (SM)+95% BD; T2: 7.5% (SM)+92.5% BD and T3: 10% (SM)+90% BD. Each treatment group was divided into three replicates of 30 fish per replicate. At the end of the experiment, our results showed that replacement of 5% and 7.5 % of basal diet with sargassum meal showed significant differences in average weight and total length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain percent (WG), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR). There were significant differences between calorie content of carcass in T2 and control with T1 and T3 (p〈0.05). The highest values of carcass protein content were observed in T1 (p〈0.05). There were significant differences between lipid content of fish in T2 and control with that of fish in T1 and T3 (p〈0.05). The highest values of carcass ash content were observed in T1, (p〈0.05) which were not significantly different from that in other treatments (p〉0.05). Levels all of amino acids were higher in fish in T2.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Protein sources ; Sargassum ilicifolium ; Growth ; Survival ; Body composition ; Rainbow trout ; Body composition ; Algae ; Length ; Fed ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.194-205
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The expansion of aquaculture in the last 10 years has made it an important source of protein worldwide. However, increased production, and the culture intensification it carries, results in higher risk of infectious disease due to poor water quality and high stocking densities. Disease has several negative effects on fish, which include reduced feed efficiency, impaired growth and death, representing a direct loss of investment in feed, labour and other inputs.Disease in fish has been traditionally opposed with chemotherapeutants; however, the number of chemotherapeutants available for use in aquaculture has become more restricted as new drugs become available (Alderman, 2002), due to the antibiotic resistance they may induce when used in fish (Belem-Costa and Cyrino, 2006). This has resulted in the search of nontoxic alternatives to ensure fish health during culture, such as plant extracts to be used as appetite stimulators and growth promoters, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant agents, and immunostimulants in fish (Syahidah et al., 2015). Furthermore, animal extracts have also been successfully used as fungicides, like those obtained from the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota (Farjami et al., 2014).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Catfish ; Marigold extract ; Growth ; Ictalurus punctatus ; Parameters ; Diets ; Fed
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.797-804
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study evaluated the effects of diets containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% Arthrospir platensis on skin pigmentation, growth performance, and digestive enzymes of koi, Cyprinus carpio. A completely randomized design was performed with five treatments and three replicates. One hundred and fifty koi fish with average initial weight of 30±1g were assigned to fifteen experimental tanks. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Koi fish fed with 2.5% A. platensis (1.17±0.02) showed a significant lower growth performance than those fed with 7.5 and 10% A. platensis (1.39±0.02 and 1.46) (p〈0.05). However, carotenoid (astaxanthin) concentrations of skin significantly increased with increased levels of dietary algae (p〈0.05). The highest values of a* (red zones) and b* (yellow zones) were observed in fish skin fed with 10% A. platensis (4.33±0.15, 5.23±0.15, 5.23±0.15, 5.7±0.36, and 6.33±0.32, respectively). The activities of protease, amylase and lipase in dietary supplementation of 10%A. platensis were significantly higher than those of the control group (protease from 5.17±0.76 to 11 , amylase from 22±1.73 to 32.67±1.53 and lipase from 16.33±2.08 to 74.33±1.53. Liver enzymes also decreased significantly by increased dietary supplementation. (ALT: from 192.33±5.5 to 80.67±1.52, AST: from 1741.7±18.92 to 712.33±10.5, ALP: from 452.33±8.14 to 48±1, LDH: from 7287.3±34.64 to 7119.7±17.89). These results revealed that inclusion of 5-10% A. platensis in diets has a significant positive effect on growth rate, pigmentation, and improvement of digestive and liver enzymes activities in koi fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Arthrospir platensis ; Pigmentation ; Carotenoids ; Growth ; Enzymes activities ; Koi ; Cyprinus carpio
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.381-393
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, a native microalgae strain with a high capability of DHA production has been isolated and purified from mangrove shores in the Persian Gulf. Morphological and molecular identification based on 18S rRNA gene showed that the isolated strain belongs to Aurantiochytrium genus. In order to optimize the growth of this strain, various environmental factors were examined, including temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C), salinity (10, 30 and 50 g L-1) and different concentrations of nitrogen sources of yeast extract, peptone, meat extract and monosodium glutamate, each of which was tested at the concentration of 10 g L-1. The findings show that the optimal growth conditions occur at temperatures of 25-30 °C, pH equal to 6 and in the presence of meat extract as the nitrogen source. In these conditions, the cellular biomass weight, fatty acids and DHA amounts obtained were 7.34, 2.25 and 0.4 g L-1, respectively. These results imply that the new isolated strain of Aurantiochytrium sp. shy it can be suitable for lipid production.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aurantiochytrium sp. ; Mangrove ; Growth ; Biomass ; Heterotrophic ; Microalgae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.656-671
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Population structure, growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction characteristics of leaping grey mullet (Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) were investigated in Beymelek Lagoon from February 2006 to January 2007. During the study, a total of 1248 leaping grey mullet were captured by gill- and trammel nets of various mesh sizes. Male to female ratio for leaping grey mullet population in Beymelek Lagoon was 1:2.71. The ages ranged from 1 to 4 years for males and from 0 to 5 years for females. The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation were: L∞ = 35.2 cm, K = 0.276 year-1 and t0 = -2.893 year for males, L∞ = 35.9 cm, K = 0.386 year-1 and t0 = -1.760 year for females and L∞ = 39.9 cm, K = 0.271 year-1 and t0 = -2.233 year for all individuals. The calculated length-weight equations were W = 0.0061*L3.124 for males, W = 0.0060*L3.124 for females and W = 0.0099* L2.954 for all individuals. The slope (b) values of the length-weight relationship showed that weight of leaping grey mullet in Beymelek Lagoon increased with length in isometric. The mean condition factor for males, females and all specimens were determined as 0.908, 0.900 and 0.897, respectively. According to sex groups, the mean condition factor of males was slightly higher than that of females. The total length at 50% maturity for female leaping grey mullet was determined as 23.3 cm. It was assumed that spawning period for this species was from May to July.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Liza saliens ; Population structure ; Growth ; Reproduction ; Beymelek Lagoon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.218-229
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic on the growth performance and haematological parameters of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 29.6±1.8 g immunized with streptococcus/lactococcus bivalent vaccine for 60 days at 16±1.5ºC. Fish were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups: probiotic (g kg^-1 feed equal to 10^8 cells g ^-1 ) supplemented diet group (group P), vaccinated fish fed with a normal diet (group V), vaccinated fish fed with probiotic (group P+V) and unvaccinated fish fed normal diet (group C). Results showed that weight gain, final weight, condition factor and thermalunit growth coefficient were improved in P+V group compared with other groups but was significantly different from groups V and C (p〈0.05). Also, feed conversion ratio in the P+V group was lower than other trails (p〈0.05). In addition, white blood cell count (WBC) in groups V and P+V were significantly higher than in both P and C groups (p〈0.05). Also, PCV was significantly increased (p〈0.05) in both P and P+V groups compared to group V and the control group. No significant difference (p〉0.05) was found in RBC, Hb, MCH, MCHC and MCV levels among the different experimental groups. These data show that application of L. plantarum could be a benefit of vaccinated trout, enhancing fish growth and haematological parameters.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Lactobacillus plantarum ; Rainbow trout ; Haematological ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Streptococcosis ; Lactococcosis ; Probiotic ; Juvenile ; Haematology ; Growth ; Vaccine ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.283-295
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Monthly samples of six fish farms from January 2010 to December 2010 in the northern Iran, Haraz River, were used to determine relationship between chemical parameters of main water, inlet and outlet and their effects on fish growth and production. Results revealed that concentration of nutrients in outlet was more than that of inlet of farms and statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between stations (p〈0.05). The amount of phosphate in upstream farms was lower than that of downstream. There was statistically significant difference between nitrite nitrates, concentrations in different months. Total sulphide, phosphate and ammonium in inlets were 0.002±0.009 (mg/l), 0.215±0.113 (mg/l) and 0.022±0.018 (mg/l) respectively. In outlets there was 0.003±0.009 mg/l sulphide, 0.302±0.193 mg/l phosphate and 0.037±0.026 mg/l ammonium. Ammonium concentration, showed no significant difference (p〉0.05) in different months Correlation between daily growth, SGR, FCR, production and chemical parameters of water were analyzed by Pearson Correlation. The results revealed negative correlation (α= 0.01) between nitrite and daily growth (P=0.004, Pearson Correlation=-0.24), ammonium and SGR (P=0.0001, Pearson Correlation=-0.272), although there were no correlation for FCR, and nutritional parameters (p〉0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout ; Growth ; Production
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.509-521
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper examines the changes in the population biology and biomass of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from 1995-2004. For most years during this 10-year period, we estimated the age structure of the catch, length-weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stages determined from ovarian analysis, natural and fishing mortality, age at first capture and biomass. Growth parameters were estimated as L¥=132mm, K=0.259/yr, t0=-1.285/yr. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality was estimated at 0.506/yr and the instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality varied during the 10-year period between 0.125/yr to 1.487/yr. Biomass of the common kilka increased from about 16,000mt in 1995 to more than 41,000mt in year of 2002. This increase in common kilka was simultaneous with a sharp decline in anchovy kilka, changes in zooplankton abundance and composition, and especially increase in zooplankton species used by common kilka. We concluded that at the present time, the stock of common kilka is being over-fished.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Clupeonella cultriventris caspia ; Stock assessment ; Common kilka ; Dynamics ; Iranian waters ; Growth ; Maturity stages ; Poulations ; Zooplankton ; Composition ; Biomass ; Biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.47-70
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Co-feeding of fish larvae with live food and formulated diet has been at the focus of fish nutritionists since last decade. In this study we tried to refine the feeding practices of great beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) larvae using different combinations of newly hatched Artemia urmiana nauplii and trout starter diet. Three replicate groups (250 fish/replicate) of first-feeding Huso huso larvae were fed on the basis of four main feeding regimens: (1) live food (live nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia urmiana) (2) indirect transition (5 days live food followed by gradual transition to formulated diet) (3) direct transition (using different combinations of live and formulated diet from start feeding) (4) formulated feed (FD). It was found that combining live food and manufactured diets (co-feeding) from first feeding stage (direct transition) significantly improves the weight gain in H. huso larvae followed by indirect transition, live food and FD. But survival was significantly higher in larvae fed on pure live food and direct transition regimens compared to indirect transition and FD. It was concluded that co-feeding of H. huso could be started immediately from commencement of exogenous feeding.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Huso huso ; Artemia nauplii ; Formulated diet ; Co-feeding ; Growth ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.713-723
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This experiment was carried out in Bandargah Station in Bushehr province. Peneaus semisulcatus larvae were fed on Spirulina platensis as supplementation microalgae. In order to use spirulina platensis in this study, we have to produce biomass and dry production of this microalga. Determination of length and survival rate of Peneaus semisulcatus larvae was carried out as the objective of the study. Treatments including Z plus (as a supplementation without spirulina), M.C.F (as an imported enriched spirulina), the powder combination of Spirulina platensis with Z plus and Spirulina platensis as live food were compared to Cheatocerus microalgae as a control. The experiment was carried out from nauplii stage to early post larvae. The results of the experiment indicated that the powder combination of Spirulina platensis with Z plus treatment has the most survival rate (76.5%). The maximum of length (4.3mm) observed in control (Cheatocerus spp.).The maximum mortality was observed in zoa stage in spirulina microalgae treatment, because the spiral filamentous of spirulina sp.was large.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Green tiger shrimp ; Spirulina platensis ; Peneaus semisulcatus ; Length ; Survival ; Larval ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.208-217
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Different modified atmosphere conditions with various CO2 concentrations on microbial load (psychrophile, mesophile aerobic and anaerobic bacteria) and physico-chemical properties of barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) fillets stored at 8°C were compared to determine the best packaging conditions. The gas conditions evaluated were 100% CO2 (M1), 75% CO2/25% N2 (M2), 50% CO2/50% N2 (M3), 25% CO2/75% N2 (M4) and 100% N2 (control). High CO2 concentration (M1 and M2) of fish fillets delayed the psychrophilic bacteria growth compared to low CO2 concentration (50% and 25% CO2) as well as the mesophilic, anaerobic and histamine forming bacteria. We concluded that the atmosphere with 75:25% and 100:0 (CO2:N2) had the most appropriate gas composition to inhibit the microbial growth and prolong the shelf life of barramundi fillets (p〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish disease ; Fillets ; Barramundi ; CO2 concentration ; Psychrophile bacteria ; Histamine forming bacteria ; MAP ; Lates calcarifer ; Microbiological ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.457-469
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