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  • Articles  (1,039)
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  • Articles  (1,039)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Description: The aim of this review is to compare the growth parameters of the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) in three fishery regions: Caribbean Sea, Northern and Brazil. A high variability in the estimates of L∞ and K has been observed in the studies of 42 growth parameters in ten locations. The mean size of L∞ by sex was significantly different between regions (P 〈0.05). However, there was no significantly different in parameter K between the sexes (P = 0.2015). The results of the nonparametric SNK test demonstrated that average L∞ (199.78 mm) of male were highly significant differences (P 〈0.05) of the average L∞ of females in the Caribbean (172.27 mm) and Brazil (142.42 mm) region. The average L∞ of Northern region (male and female), female of Caribbean and male of Brazil appear to have come from the same sample. This is perhaps not viable and the reason behind such conclusion is that the multiple range test was not able to determine differences accurately when samples are small (n=3). In Northern and Brazil, the occurrence to detect statistical differences between growths parameters was not possible and thus, we decide to calculate the von Bertalanffy growth curve for P. argus at this previous regions per sex.
    Description: El objetivo de ésta revisión es comparar los parámetros de crecimiento de la langosta espinosa (Panulirus argus) en tres regiones pesqueras: Mar Caribe, región Norte y Brasil. Una elevada variabilidad en los estimados de L∞ y K fueron observados en el estudio de 42 parámetros de crecimiento en diez localidades. La talla media de L∞ por sexo fue significativamente diferente entre regiones (P 〈0.05). Si embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en el parámetro K entre sexos (P= 0.2015). Los resultados del test no paramétrico SNK demostró que el valor medio L∞ (199.78 mm) de los machos fue significativamente diferente (P 〈0.05) al valor medio L∞ de las hembras en el Caribe (172.27 mm) y Brazil (142.42 mm). El valor medio L∞ de la región Norte (machos y hembras), las hembras del Caribe y los machos de Brazil parecen ser que provienen de la misma muestra. Esto quizás no sea probable y la razón de tal conclusión es que la prueba de rangos múltiples no pudo determinar diferencias con precisión cuando las muestras son pequeñas (n=3). En la región Norte y Brasil, la ocurrencia de detectar diferencias estadísticas entre los parámetros de crecimiento no es posible así que, nosotros decidimos calcular la curva de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy para P. argus en las regiones anteriores por sexo.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Growth ; Panulirus argus ; ASW ; Caribe ; Crecimiento
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.239-248
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Identifcation of ontogenetic age classes plays an important role in the felds of zoology, palaeontology and archaeology, where accurate age classifcations of (sub)fossil remains are a crucial component for the reconstruction \nof past life. Textural ageing\xe2\x80\x94the identifcation of age-related bone surface textures\xe2\x80\x94provides a size-independent \nmethod for age assessment of vertebrate material. However, most of the work so far is limited to qualitative results. \nWhile qualitative approaches provide helpful insights on textural ageing patterns, they are heavily subject to observer \nbias and fall short of quantitative data relevant for detailed statistical analyses and cross-comparisons. Here, we present a pilot study on the application of 3D surface digital microscopy to quantify bone surface textures on the long \nbones of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) using internationally verifed \nroughness parameters. Using a standardised measuring protocol, computed roughness values show a strong correlation with qualitative descriptions of textural patterns. Overall, higher roughness values correspond to increased numbers of grooves and pits and vice versa. Most of the roughness parameters allowed distinguishing between diferent \nontogenetic classes and closely followed the typical sigmoidal animal growth curve. Our results show that bone \ntexture quantifcation is a feasible approach to identifying ontogenetic age classes.
    Keywords: General Physics and Astronomy ; General Environmental Science ; General Biochemistry ; Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Materials Science ; General Chemistry ; Roughness ; Surfaces ; Taphonomy ; Topography ; Bone ; Ontogeny ; Digital microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-11-15
    Description: This study examines the effect of half and quarter separation methods by fragmentation for culture sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni (with mouth diameter 28.97±1.37 cm, foot diameter 9.39±0.44 cm, weight 1466.78 ± 192.13g) after 90 days in recirculating aquaculture systems. Research using a completely randomized design with three treatments: control, 1 to 2 individuals and 1 to 4 individuals. Each treatment repeated three replications. The results show that the survival was high, with 88.89±11.111% in control and 88.89 ±5.556% in the anemones cut in half, and 72.22±2,778 % cut in quarters (p〉0.05). There was a difference in growth in mouth diameter (p〈0.05) but no difference in growth in foot diameter and wet weight (p〉0.05). Anemones were cut in half larger, less stressed, and grow faster than the quartered individuals, but the number of anemones from the quaternary separation method was higher. Experiments show that both fragmentation methods are highly effective and can be used to breed Stichodactyla haddoni anemone.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fragmentation ; Anemones ; Stichodactyla haddoni ; Growth ; Survival ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 119-128
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  • 4
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    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Abalone growth rates from the Sitka Sound (SSSC)
    Description: This data shows juvenile, non-reproductive Abalone growth responses (represented by percentage change in weight in grams to a fully factorial mesocosm experiment that manipulates pH and diet. This data was collected from June to October 2017 at the Sitka Sound Science Center (SSSC). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/856089
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1752600
    Keywords: Abalone ; Growth ; Ocean acidification
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Klein, S., Frazier, V., Readdean, T., Lucas, E., Diaz-Jimenez, E. P., Sogin, M., Ruff, E. S., & Echeverri, K. Common environmental pollutants negatively affect development and regeneration in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis holobiont. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, (2021): 786037, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.786037.
    Description: The anthozoan sea anemone Nematostella vectensis belongs to the phylum of cnidarians which also includes jellyfish and corals. Nematostella are native to United States East Coast marsh lands, where they constantly adapt to changes in salinity, temperature, oxygen concentration and pH. Its natural ability to continually acclimate to changing environments coupled with its genetic tractability render Nematostella a powerful model organism in which to study the effects of common pollutants on the natural development of these animals. Potassium nitrate, commonly used in fertilizers, and Phthalates, a component of plastics are frequent environmental stressors found in coastal and marsh waters. Here we present data showing how early exposure to these pollutants lead to dramatic defects in development of the embryos and eventual mortality possibly due to defects in feeding ability. Additionally, we examined the microbiome of the animals and identified shifts in the microbial community that correlated with the type of water that was used to grow the animals, and with their exposure to pollutants.
    Description: This work was funded by a Pilot Program award to ER and KE from the Microbiome Center at the University of Chicago. The microbiome sequencing was funded by a grant from the McDonnell Initiative to ER. KE was supported by a grant from NICHD R01 HD092451, start-up funds from the MBL and funding from the Owens Family Foundation. ER was supported by start-up funds from the MBL and MLS receives support from the Unger G. Vetlesen Foundation.
    Keywords: Nematostella ; Growth ; Microbiome ; Stressors ; Development
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Se evalúan los resultados de los bioensayos de toxicidad letal y subletales realizados con postlarvales (puérulos) de langosta Panulirus argus, Latreille, 1804, sometidos al efecto de un plaguicida organoclorado, el dicloro difenil tricloroetano (DDT). Los ejemplares utilizados para este trabajo experimental se colectaron en cayo Guayo; al sur de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. La concentración letal media para 24; 48; 72 y 96 h determinados según el método de probits fue de 28,1; 10,7; 8,6 y 7,2 ppb respectivamente. El umbral de toxicidad se estimó en 5 ppb y partiendo de esta guía, se utilizó el 20 % de esta concentración (1 ppb) para realizar las pruebas subletales, que consistieron en medir el efecto de este plaguicida sobre la tasa de crecimiento de los puérulos, se observó que durante un período igual o mayor a 90 días, los ejemplares sometidos al DDT no mudaron ni crecieron, pero sí respondían a estímulos mecánicos y capturaban su comida con facilidad, lo cual denotó el efecto pernicioso del mismo. Sin embargo, en los controles se determinó una tasa de crecimiento media de 0,202 ± 0,150, que es típicamente geométrico progresivo. Para los ejemplares de control el ajuste a ecuaciones de crecimiento logístico y de Gompertz permite explicar el fenómeno del crecimiento, no así la de Bertalanffy que mostró las mayores variaciones respecto a los valores observados. La concentración presumiblemente no dañina fue calculada como 0,47 ppb y está por debajo de todos los valores experimentales llevados a cabo en este trabajo.
    Description: The results of the lethal and sublethal toxicity bioassays carried out with postlarval (puerulous) lobster Panulirus argus, Latreille, 1804, subjected to the effect of an organochlorine pesticide, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), are evaluated. The specimens used for this experimental work were collected in Cayo Guayo; south of the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. The mean lethal concentration for 24; 48; 72 and 96 h determined according to the probit method was 28,1; 10,7; 8,6 and 7,2 ppb respectively. The toxicity threshold was estimated at 5 ppb and, based on this guide, 20 % of this concentration (1 ppb) was used to carry out the sublethal tests, which consisted of measuring the effect of this pesticide on the growth rate of pueruli , it was observed that during a period equal to or greater than 90 days, the specimens subjected to DDT did not change or grow, but they did respond to mechanical stimuli and easily captured their food, which denoted its pernicious effect. However, in the controls a mean growth rate of 0,202 ± 0,150 was determined, which is typically geometrically progressive. For the control specimens, the adjustment to logistic growth and Gompertz equations allows explaining the growth phenomenon, but not the Bertalanffy equation, which showed the greatest variations with respect to the observed values. The presumably non-harmful concentration was calculated as 0,47 ppb and is below all the experimental values carried out in this work.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Bioensayos ; DDT ; Langosta ; Supervivencia ; Crecimiento ; Bioassays ; Lobster ; Survival ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.54-62
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  • 7
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    In:  library@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4527 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:16:50 | 4527 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The likely response of freshwater plankton to the direct and indirect effects of sustained global warming are summarized. The increase in CO2 posited by climatologists will have a direct effect on many biological processes, and an even more important indirect effect on the global climate. Lake plankton populations are relatively well buffered against sudden fluctuations in temperature but can react in unexpected ways to seasonal changes in the wind speed, with effects on seasonal growth and succession of plankton. The direct
    Keywords: Ecology ; Carbon dioxide ; Climatic changes ; Ecological succession ; Environmental effects ; Growth ; Long-term records ; Plankton ; Thermal stratification ; Water mixing ; Wind speed ; Great Britain
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 204-214
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  • 8
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4802 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:17 | 4802 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: As is known, copepods play an important role in the nutrition of fish. Therefore with a view to facilitating research on the study of the quantitative side of feeding, there have recently appeared a considerable number of papers devoted to the development of methods for determining the wet. weight of these crustaceans. For the further facilitating of research in the nutrition of fish it would be of great interest to clarify the problem, is there not some kind of rule in the growth of the crustaceans during metamorphosis, and if there is such a rule is it not possible, to determine the length of the larvae at each stage, not by measuring them, but by using the formulae derived on the basis of these rules. This article examines the growth curves of different species of freshwater Copepoda, obtained on the basis of experimental observations in cultures or by way of measurement of mass material at all stages of development in samples from water-bodies. The authors study in particular the ratio of the mean diameter of the eggs to the mean length of the egg-bearing females.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Growth ; Growth curves ; Life cycle ; Larvae ; Formulae ; Copepoda
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4805 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:22 | 4805 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The rhythm of division of 9 species belonging to different groups of algae were analysed in situ and in the laboratory. The research which developed in different environmental conditions attempted to establish the capacity for multiplication and assimilation of chlorophyll on the part of the algae under study with a view to placing them in a culture. The results obtained showed that the green multicellular algae (eg. Ulothrix) and the blue algae (eg. Lyngbya, Oscillatoria) are able to produce an appreciable quantity of dry matter, just as the unicellular algae. At the same time it arises that amongst the numerous factors of the environment, temperature plays one of the most important roles in the process of multiplication.
    Description: Translated from Romanian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Chlorophylls ; Cycles ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Salt lakes ; Romania ; Lake Sarat
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 10
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4856 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:26 | 4856 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has for some time been known as a denitrifier. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen for further studies, because P. aeruginosa occurs abundantly in Plusssee and moreover there are contradictory assertions on the gas products of denitrification by this bacteria. In experimental research the pattern of growth and gas production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient broth was studied.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Experimental research ; Bacteria ; Freshwater lakes ; Growth ; Microbiological culture ; Plusssee
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 11
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4969 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:43:15 | 4969 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The problem of the peculiar reproductive biology of the cladoceran Daphnia middendorffiana is investigated from a cytological viewpoint, and by direct observation the meiotic phenomena of the eggs both subitaneous and resting is studied. and during maturation, the true mechanism of the succession of reproductive phases of different ecological significance. Samples were collected in the Italian Alpine Lake of Campo 4°.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Invertebrate larvae ; Freshwater lakes ; Growth ; Moulting ; Population number ; Carapace ; Population density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 12
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4973 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:37:25 | 4973 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The most important aim of this study lay in filling in the great gap in our knowledge of the processes of germination in the Ceratium cyst and the early developmental stages in the standing stock of Ceratium hirundinella. contained rich cysts, we now succeeded extraordinarily well in pursuing the consistent development of Ceratium from the cyst to the completed cell. A series of experiments were carried out on the cysts and the juvenile stages of Ceratium, which showed very interesting results. The author presents in a general descriptive part the normal processes of germination in Ceratium cysts and the development of the juvenile stages in order to show in an experimental part the changes in form of C. hirundinella under the influence of temperature, light and varying salinities.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Protists ; Growth ; Cysts ; Organism morphology ; Germination ; Cell division ; Switzerland
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 13
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 14
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5290 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:14 | 5290 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In the mesotrophic-eutrophic Saidenbach Reservoir in Saxony, the nanoplankton and cyanobacteria have increased at the expense of diatom dominance, due to a doubling of the external phosphorus load in the last 15 years. However, the phosphorus sedimentation flux is still very high (up to 80% of the input), corresponding to more than 2 g m2 d-1 in terms of dry weight. There is a strong correlation between the abundance of diatoms in the euphotic zone and their sedimentation flux (with a delay of about 2 weeks). Only about 25% of the deposited material could be clearly attributed to plankton biomass; the remainder resulted from flocculation and precipitation processes or directly from the inflow of clay minerals. The ash content of the deposited material was high (73%). Thus the sedimentation flux can be considered to operate as an internal water-treatment/oligotrophication process within the lake. The neighbouring Neunzehnhain Reservoir still has a very clear water with a transparency up to 18 m depth. Though the sediment was not much lower than Saidenbach sediment in total phosphorus and total numbers of bacteria, sulphide was always absent and the ratio of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ was very low in the upper (0- 5 cm) layer. Thus the external and internal phosphorus loads do not attain the critical level necessary to induce a ”phosphorus - phytoplankton” feedback loop.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Water quality control ; Phosphorus ; Water reservoirs ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Sedimentation ; Sediment composition ; Germany
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 15
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
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  • 16
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    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5299 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:19 | 5299 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This article discusses problems of modelling the seasonal succession of algal species in lakes and reservoirs, and the adaptive selection of certain groups of algae in response to changes in the inputs and relative concentrations of nutrients and other environmental variables. A new generation of quantitative models is being developed which attempts to translate some important biological properties of species (survival, variation, inheritance, reproductive rates and population growth) into predictions about the survival of the fittest, where ”fitness” is measured or estimated in thermodynamic terms. The concept of ”exergy” and its calculation is explored to examine maximal exergy as a measure of fitness in ecosystems, and its use for calculating changes in species composition by means of structural dynamic models. These models accomodate short-term changes in parameters that affect the adaptive responses (species selection) of algae.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Energy ; Inland water environment ; Thermodynamics
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  • 17
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9047 | 115 | 2012-11-25 07:11:11 | 9047 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The growth parameters of Otolithes ruber (Sciaenidae) were determined from both length-frequency and length-at-age data collected from Kuwait waters from 1984 to 1986. The similarity of the growth parameters is reflected in the small range of the parameters o' (=log sub(10)K+2logL) which indicates the compatibility of the two methods for this relatively short-lived species.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Growth curves ; Kuwait ; Otolithes ruber
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  • 18
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9048 | 115 | 2012-11-25 07:07:03 | 9048 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Estimates of the growth (K), natural mortality (M), consumption/biomass (Q/B) rate and trophic level (TL) for 35 species in the upper Paraná river floodplain and the Itaipu reservoir (interconnected ecosystems) are presented. A compilation of these biological statistics is made for comparison purposes and some general trends are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Mortality ; Growth ; Biomass ; Flood plains ; Brazil
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  • 19
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9063 | 115 | 2012-11-25 07:36:32 | 9063 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Estimates of growth parameters for male and female Panulirus penicillatus caught in coral reef areas off San Vicente, Cagayan, Philippines are presented. Length-weight relationship parameters are also given. The results indicate that the slope (b) is significantly below 3.0 and does not differ significantly between males and females.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Length-weight relationships ; Lobster fisheries ; Coral reefs ; San Vicente ; Cagayan ; Philippines ; Panulirus penicillatus
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  • 20
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9065 | 115 | 2012-11-25 07:55:55 | 9065 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Growth parameters and mortality rates were estimated from length-frequency data sampled in 1982, using the FiSAT software, for three coral reef fish species, the surgeon fish (Ctenochaetus striatus), the damselfish (Stegastes nigricans) and the squirrel fish (Sargocentron microstoma) in Tiahura Reef, Moorea Island, French Polynesia.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Mortality ; Reef fish ; Statistical analysis ; Tiahura Reef ; Moorea Island ; French Polynesia ; Ctenochaetus striatus ; Stegastes nigricans ; Sargocentron microstoma
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9070 | 115 | 2012-11-27 07:32:52 | 9070 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Food conversion efficiency and growth in the white shrimp Penaeus indicus fed with decomposed mangrove leaves of Avicennia marina and A. officinalis were monitored under laboratory conditions. It was observed that test animals fed with the decomposed leaves of A. marina had higher assimilation efficiency (87.96%), gross growth efficiency (10.82%), net growth efficiency (12.3%) and relative growth rate (0.0603 g/day) than those fed with A. officinalis. The relatively higher growth registered in the animals fed with decomposed leaves of A. marina was attributed to its high calorific and protein content.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Feed ; Food conversion ; Growth ; Penaeus indicus ; Avicennia marina ; Avicennia officinalis
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  • 22
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9068 | 115 | 2012-12-01 07:13:53 | 9068 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Rearing of anemonefishes is now relatively routine compared to the culture of cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) or angelfishes (Pomacanthidae). However, it is still a labor intensive, time intensive and expensive procedure. To reduce time and cost of rearing anemonefishes, experiments were undertaken to improve the methods for rearing Amphiprion melanopus. These experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the length of photoperiod on larval duration, growth to metamorphosis and early juvenile phase. Growth of larvae was significantly faster and the duration of the larval phase was significantly shorter, under a photoperiod of 16 hours light/8 hours dark, compared to the photoperiods of 12 hours light/12 hours dark and 24 hours light/0 hours dark.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Ornamental fish ; Marine fish ; Photoperiods ; Growth ; Amphiprion melanopus
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  • 23
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9067 | 115 | 2012-11-25 07:52:09 | 9067 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: A study of growth and seasonal recruitment of the cephalopod Octopus maya on Campeche Bank, Mexico, was conducted, based on catch at size data sampled from 1983 to 1988. The parameters of a seasonally oscillating version of the von Bertalanffy growth function and total mortality estimates were obtained via the ELEFAN software. It was found that when recruitment occurs early in the year, the growth curve of the next year does not display seasonal oscillations, and conversely. Total mortality estimates ranged from Z = 2.6 to Z = 6.3/year.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Recruitment ; Cephalopod fisheries ; Growth curves ; Seasonal variations ; Campeche Bank ; Mexico ; Octopus maya
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9079 | 115 | 2012-11-26 08:28:51 | 9079 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The growth, mortality, and recruitment pattern of Penaeus californiensis were investigated using tail length (TL)-frequency data obtained from the Gulf of Guayaquil shrimp population. Computer-based methods of tail-frequency analysis Compleat ELEFAN software were used. Results obtained gave relatively high growth and mortality estimates for both males and females. The recruitment pattern indicated two pulses annually, one significantly larger than the other.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Mortality ; Recruitment ; Population characteristics ; Frequency analysis ; Guayaquil Gulf ; Ecuador ; Penaeus californiensis
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  • 25
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9080 | 115 | 2012-11-26 08:27:47 | 9080 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Global fishmeal production from wild-catch sources cannot continue to increase indefinitely; suitable alternatives have to be found for sustainable aquaculture. Plant-based aquafeed seems to be the ideal alternative to this, but has its own limitations. Plant ingredients are rich in phytic acid, which reduces the bioavailability of nutrients like minerals and protein to the fish, thereby causing aquaculture pollution. Dietary phytase treatment reduces the aquaculture pollution by improving the bioavailability of nutrients, and reduces the feed cost as evident from poultry and piggery. Phytase activity is highly dependent upon the pH of the gut. Unlike mammals, fish are either gastric or agastric, and hence, the action of dietary phytase varies from species to species. In this article, the authors attempt to summarise various effects of phytase on nutrient utilization, growth of fish and aquatic pollution.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Diets ; Feeds ; Phytase ; Water pollution ; Growth
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  • 26
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9377 | 115 | 2012-10-23 09:06:25 | 9377 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: ELEFAN 0, ELEFAN I and ELEFAN II were used to estimate vital statistics of Nemipterus japonicus from length-frequency data sampled along the coast of Bangladesh. The parameters L and K were estimated at 24.5 cm and 0.94 year super(-1). The values of M and F were found to be 1.81 and 1.58 year super(-1), respectively. The fish recruit to the fishery during May-June and September-October.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Length ; Statistical analysis ; ELEFAN (computer programme) ; Growth ; Mortality ; Recruitment ; Catch/effort ; Bengal Bay ; Bangladesh ; Nemipterus japonicus
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  • 27
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9421 | 115 | 2012-10-11 04:38:11 | 9421 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Shepherd's "weekly parametric" method for estimating the parameter L sub( infinity ) and K of the von Bertalanffy growth function from length-frequency data often fails to converge, and usually overestimates K. It is shown that this is due to overcounting of the frequencies associated with large, slow growing fish, and that both of these problems can be completely overcome by a simple change in the way the scoring function is formulated.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Length ; Frequency analysis ; Methodology ; Growth ; Approximation ; Fish ; Shepherd's Length Composition Analysis
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9141 | 115 | 2012-11-27 07:34:47 | 9141 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This contribution presents von Bertalanffy growth parameter estimates for species/stocks of jack mackerels of the genus Trachurus from around the world, and compares them with growth parameters for T. symmetricus murphyi caught off central-Chile (33 super(o)S-39 super(o)S). It is found that Trachurus stocks inhabiting upwelling areas such as the Humboldt and Benguela current systems grow better than their ecological equivalents in temperate waters, such as the North Sea. The von Bertalanffy growth paramters estimated from Chilean horse mackerel are: FL = 65.2 cm (TL = 71.6 cm) and K = 0.138 year super(-1).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Comparative studies ; Chile ; Trachurus symmetricus murphyi
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  • 29
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9146 | 115 | 2012-11-27 07:41:41 | 9146 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: A brief description of fisheries development in Djibouti is given, with emphasis on the major constraints that have to date limited the increase of fishing effort. Estimates of L sub( infinity ) obtained through Wetherall plots are presented for three important demersal species caught off northern Somalia and landed in Djibouti: the groupers Cephalopholis sonnerati, Epinephelus chlorostigma and E. areolatus (Fam. Serranidae). These are combined with estimates of the growth performance index O' to calculate K values, subsequently used for the construction of length-converted catch curves. The estimate of mortality thus obtained suggests that these stocks are lightly fished.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Growth ; Mortality ; Fishery development ; Djibouti ; Cephalopholis sonnerati ; Epinephelus chlorostigma ; Epinephelus areolatus
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9154 | 115 | 2012-11-27 14:55:31 | 9154 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Estimates for the growth parameters (L sub( infinity ) and K) mortality coefficients (Z,M and F) and exploitation rate (E) for the sciaenid Plagioscion squamosissimus are presented. The following results were obtained: 1) for male: L sub( arrow right )=44.2 cm, K=0.30 yr super(1), Z=0.82 yr super(1), M=0.66 yr super(1), F=0.16 yr super(1), and E=0.20; and 2) for females: L sub( arrow right )=68.4, K=0.22 yr super(1), Z=0.91 yr super(1), M=0.47 yr super(1), F=0.44 yr super(1) and E=0.49. Females are more heavily fished than males. Artisanal fishing carried out with gillnets, is mainly directed toward the young section of the population and individuals reproducing for the first time.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Population structure ; Growth ; Mortality ; Size distribution ; Exploitation ; Stock assessment ; Reservoir fisheries ; Barra Bonita ; Brazil ; Plagioscion squamosissimus
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9572 | 115 | 2012-10-03 11:40:06 | 9572 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Growth and mortality parameters of the small Lake Victoria cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea were determined from length-frequency analysis, using the ELEFAN I and II programs. The results of two sampling programs, both performed during 1988, one in Uganda (mosquito seine) and the other in Tanzania (pelagic trawl), were highly corresponding, In comparison with previously published data on the growth of dagaa and some similar species, low values for L sub( infinity ) (65 mm standard length) and K (1 year super(-1)) were found. Total mortality (Z) amounted to 3.9-4.4 year super(-1). A single annual breeding peak was observed both in Uganda (October/November) and in Tanzania (February/March).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Growth ; Mortality ; Recruitment ; Length ; Frequency analysis ; Size distribution ; Victoria Lake ; Africa ; Rastrineobola argentea
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    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20023 | 2002 | 2016-03-04 16:41:30 | 20023 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Philippines ; Philippines ; marine environment ; Abnormalities ; Aquaculture economics ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brood stocks ; Feed ; Feeding ; Fish culture ; Fry ; Growth ; Hatcheries ; Investments ; Seed (aquaculture) ; Seed production ; Technology transfer ; Water management
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  • 33
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21796 | 18721 | 2018-01-08 09:08:45 | 21796 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This research was carried out for 10 successive weeks (2 weeks for adaptation and 8 weeks for culture) in summer 2008 at Abzisytan Shrimp Hatchery Center in Bushehr province. The effects of dietary nucleotides at 5 levels including 0.0% (control), 0.15%, 0.25%, 0.35% and 0.5% on the growth performance and whole-body composition of Epinephelus coioides was investigated. Juvenile fish specimens with average weight of 10.70±0.29g were fed by experimental diets for 8 weeks. The trial was carried out in 300 liter fiberglass tanks. The highest protein content was observed in 0.15% diet nucleotide and the highest fat in 0.15% and 0.25% diet nucleotide which showed significant difference with the control group (P〈0.05). The highest and lowest ash content was observed in 0.15% and 0.35% nucleotide treatment, respectively. The ash content showed significant difference between 0.15%, 0.25% and 0.35% treatments and control group (P〈0.05). Also, the 0.35% treatment had the highest water content (P〈0.05). We conclude that at the level of 0.15% dietary nucleotide, better results are achieved in terms of whole-body composition.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Muscle ; Food ; Growth ; Epinephelus coioides ; orange spotted grouper ; Epinephelus coioides ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21857 | 18721 | 2018-01-12 14:43:59 | 21857 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary lecithin on growth performance and hematological indices in juveniles of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Fish with initial average weight of 32.9±0.3 grams were fed five isoproteic and isolipidic formulated diets with different soybean lecithin levels including 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. Results showed that lecithin supplementation to 7.5% significantly increased some growth indices such as body weight increase (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR ) final weight (Wf), condition factor (CF) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Also, increasing dietary lecithin to the level of 10% significantly decreased growth indices. According to the results of hematological assays, hemoglobin (Hb) in treatments of 5% and 7.5% in comparison to other treatments had higher value. Hematocrit (Hct) in fish fed with 7.5% lecithin was higher than those fed with 0 and 2.5% lecithin in the diets. Other hematological indices such as WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC showed no significant differences among the treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that Siberian sturgeon juveniles have a relatively moderate lecithin requirement (between 5 and 7.5 percent of the diet) and these levels of lecithin in diet induces increase of growth performance and improves health status of this species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Diet ; Food items ; Siberian sturgeon ; Growth ; Hematology ; Acipenser baeri ; juvenile ; iran ; WBC ; RBC ; MCV ; MCH ; MCHC
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21861 | 18721 | 2018-01-15 06:16:56 | 21861 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The effects of dietary nucleotide (0.2%) on the growth, intestinal morphology as well as fatty acid profile of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated in Bushehr province (Delvar) for a 5-week feeding trial. The experiment was carried out in triplicate in circular PVC tanks of 300L capacity. Each tank was randomly filled with 25 shrimps weighting on average 3.21±0.03g. Added dietary nucleotide significantly improved growth factors such as 10% weight increase, 7.97% increase in specific growth rate (SGR), 11.32% increase in protein efficiency ratio (PER), 9.64% decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and 14:1n5, 20:3n3 and DHA fatty acids. However, no significant differences were evident in survival, carapace length gain, daily feed consumption and saturate fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, n-3/n-6 as well as EPA+DHA fatty acids between the two treatments. Intestine epithelium cells height (IECH) in the abdominal first section were significantly higher in shrimp fed by dietary nucleotide.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Nucleotide ; Fatty acid ; Feeding ; Growth ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Iran ; morphology ; whiteleg shrimp
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21966 | 18721 | 2018-01-18 09:48:56 | 21966 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The present study was designed and performed to investigate the eefect of long-term some feeding strategies (starvation, restricted feeding at rate of 1% biomass per tank and satiate feeding as control) on growth performance and body composition of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt 1869) for 8 weeks. In this regard, 270 juveniles Siberian sturgeon (average weight 54 ± 6/27 g and density 1.5 g/l) were distributed in three treatments (with three replicates) in 9 fiberglass tanks (1050 l). For all fish in each tank, body weight and total length were individually recorded at a biweekly interval. At the termination of the experiment period, five fish per replicate were caught randomly for proximate composition. Results showed that growth performance of Siberian sturgeon was affected significantly by starvation and restricted feeding periods. Moisture and lipid contents were differed significantly in all treatments; which the highest moisture and lipid contents were observed in starved and control fish, respectively. Protein content in starved fish was significantly lower than other groups, whereas ash contents were not significantly different among the treatments. In general, weight loss and other growth factors of juveniles siberian sturgeon during the food shortage were refered to mobilizing the body lipid reservesand then body protein sources and replacing with water. In fact, juvenile Siberian sturgeon can conserve body protein stores better than lipids during the food shortage period.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Siberian sturgeon ; Starvation ; Restricted feeding ; Growth ; Carcass analysis ; feeding ; performance ; body composition ; juvenile ; Acipenser baerii ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21955 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 05:50:46 | 21955 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of replacing the fish oil by alternative lipid sources in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth, fatty acid profiles of muscle. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets were formulated containing 100% rice bran oil (RBO), 100% linseed oil (LO), 100% Soybean oil (SO) and a 1:1:1:1 rice bran, linseed, soybean and fish oil mixture (MX) were compared to a pure fish oil (FO) diet. The diets were fed to apparent satiation twice a day to triplicate groups of 30 rainbow trout with an initial weight of 90g for 15 weeks at 12°C.At the end of the experiment, fillet samples were collected from fish for the measurement of fatty acid profile and fillet composition. Fish fed the FO diet had the highest weight gain over the experimental period (280.28 g), However no differences in growth rate and CF were observed across diet groups. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) ranged from 1.12 to 1.24. Significant difference in FCR was found in the group fed an FO diet. The fillet lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of the fish were significantly affected by the experimental diets. Fish fed the FO diet contained significantly lower lipid levels (20.18%) than those fed the 4 other diets. The highest level of n-3 PUFA concentrations were recorded in fish fed the LO diet (21.8) with significant difference than other diets and the lowest were in those fed the RBO diet (7.84). Fish fed the SO diet contained significantly higher level of n-6 PUFA concentrations (31.72) than other diets and the lowest were in those fed the FO diet (19.15). Fish on the FO diet had a significantly greater percentage of DHA (10.10%) in muscle tissue compared with fish on all other diets and the lowest was in those fed the RBO diet (2.81%). However, the highest level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations was recorded in fish fed the SO diet (1.84%) and the lowest in those fed the diet (0.67%). This study showed considerable reductions (about 3-fold) in the n-3/n-6 ratio when FO in the fish diet was replaced by rice bran and soybean oils, which may be extremely negative from a nutritional point of view. In other hand linseed oil had the highest n-3/n-6 ratio (0.91) that was comparable with fish oil n- 3/n-6 ratio (0.89). The results in this study imply that an appropriate mix of vegetable oils and FO can replace the sole use of FO in fish feeds.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Vegetable oils ; Fish oil ; Fatty acid ; composition ; Rainbow trout ; Growth ; parameters ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; diet ; Investigation ; soybean ; linseed ; Rice bran ; Iran ; fish
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21996 | 18721 | 2018-01-21 11:55:26 | 21996 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The effect of complete substitution of vegetable oils (cottonseed, soybean and grape seed) and a return to fish oil diets on growth parameters, survival and metabolism of free fatty acids in the diet of fish in the Caspian Sea, was investigated. Four experimental diets containing 100% fish oil, cottonseed oil, grape seed oil and soybean oil were fed to triplicate group of fingerlings (initial weight 3.6 g) for 60 days. No significant difference was detected for weight gain, specific growth rate and survival. Fillet fatty acid composition was analyzed and the results showed that fillet fatty acid composition was highly affected by dietary fatty acid profile. The highest accumulation rate of linoleic acid and linolenic acid was observed in the fish fed vegetable oil based diets. The results showed that feeding vegetable oil based diets stimulated elongation and desaturation pathway of C18 PUFA in fingerlings. However, the highest amount of EPA, DHA arachidonic acid (AA) was observed in fish oil based diet. At the end of the second period, after return to fish oil based diet, muscle fatty acid composition (total saturated fatty acid, linoleic and linolenic acid) of the fish fed previously vegetable oil based diets were still different to those fed fish oil based diet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Salmon ; Metabolism ; Fatty acid ; Vegetable oil ; replacement ; fish oil ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Caspian Sea ; Growth ; performance ; lipid ; metabolism ; feeding ; Iran
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  • 39
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22003 | 18721 | 2018-01-21 12:10:07 | 22003 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The effect of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on growth performance, blood and some serum parameters on Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) was studied. An experiment was designed with five treatments each with three replicates. Two hundred and seventy Caspian salmons average (±SD) initial weight of 6.9 ± 0.1 g were assigned to fifteen experimental tanks. The experimental period was eight weeks. At the end of this period, the growth parameters were measured. In addition, after 8 weeks feeding on experimental diets, hematological parameters and metabolic products (cholesterol, glucose and total protein) were measured. Results showed that feed conversion in five treatments (0.4 g probiotic) significantly was lower than control group. Specific growth rate, final weight and weight gain in treatments (0.2 g) compared with the control group significantly increased. Use of probiotics in the diet, showed no significant differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly increased in five treatments (0.4 g) compared with the control group, but significantly decreased red blood cell counts (RBC) in five treatments. White blood cells also increased the amount of probiotics 0.2 g. The results of this study indicated that 0.2 g/kg Pediococcus acidilactici probiotics in the diet could be a useful food supplement and should be used to improve the growth parameters in Caspian salmon.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Pediococcus acidilactici ; Parameters ; blood ; Growth ; Caspian salmon ; Iran ; Salmo trutta caspius ; performance
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22039 | 18721 | 2018-01-25 08:15:09 | 22039 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This study was carried out to find the effects of 17-ß estradiol (E2) on biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). One hundred and eighty 5-month stellate sturgeon with an average weight of 11.7 ± 0.2 g were divided into 3 treatments with 3 replicates each with 20 fish per tank. The treatments were included 0, 25 and 50 mg E2/kg diet. At the termination of 7 months feeding trial with different levels of E2, blood biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition were measured. The results of biochemical parameters including plasma glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium and phosphorus showed dose-dependent manner. The lowest and highest levels of all biochemical parameters were observed in fish fed control and 50 mg E2/kg diet, respectively (p〈 0.05). Plasma sex steroids concentrations showed the lowest level of E2 in fish fed control diet, while the highest levels of testosterone and progesterone were observed in this treatment (p〈 0.05). Proximate carcass analysis showed no significant difference in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents among the treatments (p〉 〉0.05). Final weight, total length, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were also affected by different levels of E2 (p〈 0.05). The results of present study demonstrated that using E2 in the diet of juvenile stellate sturgeon can influence most of biochemical indices and sex steroids which seems that those were related to the changes of sex ratio and some physiological parameters.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Stellate sturgeon ; Sex steroids ; Biochemistry ; Growth ; sex ; composition ; Acipenser stellatus ; juveniles ; fed ; dietary ; levels ; 17-ß estradiol ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22064 | 18721 | 2018-02-01 08:51:49 | 22064 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of sangrovit (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 %) on growth, some of blood biochemical parameters, survival and salinity tolerance capacity in Cyprinus carpio (2.62±0.117 gr). After 45 days of feeding, results showed that growth performance including of weight gain and % specific growth rate improved which fish fed whit sangrovit compared with to control group, but there was no significant differences in growth parameters which fish fed with herbal supplement compared to control group (P〉0.05). There were significant differences in biochemical parameters in fish fed with sangrovit compared to the control group (P〈0.05). The lowest level of cholesterol was observed in 0.05 % group and the highest level of total protein was observed in 0.15 % group. The highest levels of glucose observed in control treatment. In order to determine the effect of the herbal supplement on resistance to salinity stress, salinity stress was carried out after 45 days of feeding. Blood samples were obtained at 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours after stress. Hematocrit had significant difference in each groups (P〈0.05). On the third day after stress, hematocrit levels were decreased in all treatments. Survival and tolerance to salinity stress challenge remained unaffected by dietary supplementation of sangrovit. The results of this study showed that addition of sangrovit to fish diet can improve growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of common carp fingerlings.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Growth ; performance ; Blood ; Sangrovit ; Stress ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; fingerlings ; biochemical ; parameters ; survival ; resistance ; growth ; fish ; fed ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22121 | 18721 | 2018-02-12 10:51:01 | 22121 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of garlic powder on growth factors, survival rate and body composition of cultured Litopenaeus vannamei by Caspian Sea water. Four groups of beluga sturgeon with mean weight of 34.20± 0.44 g were raised for 56 days in fiber glass tanks (20 shrimp to each tank) and feeding with different levels of garlic powder with concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% (Three replicates were used for each concentration). At the end of the trial, growth factors (Mean weight increased, percent of weight increased, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate) and body composition were determined and compared with control group. Our results confirmed that shrimp fed on diet supplemented with 1.0 % garlic powder had significantly higher growth factors and survival rate compared to other treatments (P0.05). Based on the results, using of garlic powder, especially at the level of 1.0% in order to improve the growth performance, survival rate and body composition of L. vannamei is recommended.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; White leg shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Garlic powder ; Growth ; performance ; Survival ; Body composition ; feeding ; evaluation ; dietary ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22097 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 02:42:26 | 22097 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Regarding the beneficial effects and benefits of the herb Aloe vera and its application in various industries such as pharmaceuticals and food industries, this study investigated the effects of Aloe vera extract on growth parameters and bacterial flora of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). In this study, a total of 360 numbers of Siberian sturgeon weighted average 10.95±0.04 (g) randomly distributed in four treatments including a control group and three experimental groups (each with three replications) were used. So, Aloe Vera extract powder ratio of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% were added to the food. After eight weeks of feeding in the fiberglass vans and physicochemical parameters of water daily registration, biometry carried out and necessary samples collected. In this study, growth indicators such as weight gain, initial body weight, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and survival rate were calculated. Results showed that all growth parameters (except hepatosomatic index) in the treatments compared to the control group showed statistically significant differences as a significant difference between the control group treated 1.5% extract were observed (p〈0.05). Each carcass composition parameters, no significant difference was observed between the treatment and control groups (p〉0.05). Meanwhile, total count of bacteria in intestine in the treatment and control groups did not show significant differences (p〉0.05), but significant increase in the count of anaerobic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) were observed compared to the control group (p〈0.05). The result showed that Aloe vera extract can be effective in improving the growth performance of Siberian sturgeon.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Aloe vera extract ; Growth ; Carcass composition ; Bacterial flora ; Acipenser baerii ; Siberian sturgeon ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22146 | 18721 | 2018-02-15 15:00:20 | 22146 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Although crystalline amino acids have not been a complete replaceable feeding source but have effective roles in success of replacements of other sources of food in diets of animals; because replacement sources usually have deficiencies that restricts using of them. These restrictions could be eliminated by using crystalline amino acids. Before conducting any research in this field, it is important to know how fish response in using crystalline amino acids in diets. In this study the efficiency of using crystalline amino acids in high proportion of diets in Sobaity sebrem was evaluated by two diets in triplicate during 42 days. The FM diets were based on fish meal and the CAA diets were based on 60% of fish meal and 40% of crystalline amino acids. There were no significant differences between two treatments in feed intake, survival, biometric indices and whole body proximate; but significant differences was observed in final weight, percent of body weight increase, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency and nitrogen retention. Whole body amino acid profile of experimental fish showed that histidine and proline were two amino acids with reduced amount in CAA treatment related to the FM. The reduction of growth and feeding factors in CAA treatments related to FM treatments shows that using crystalline amino acid in high proportion in diets of sobaity sebream need more conciderations.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Crystalline amino acids ; Sobaty seabream ; Growth ; performance ; Body composition ; Sparidentex hasta ; feeding ; diets ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22151 | 18721 | 2018-02-15 21:11:47 | 22151 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In this study the effect of different salinities on growth, biomass and pigments of Chlorophyll a and Carotenoid were tested to determine an appropriate salinity to produce maximum growth, biomass and carotenoids of microalgae (N.oculat).Therefore, the 2-liter flask contains microalga under different levels of salinities (20, 25, 32, 35, 50 ppt), and under laboratory conditions( temperature 25-22 ° C, PH. 8, and light period of 12 h light and 12 h darkness) were cultured for 14 days. The results of present study indicate that The maximum growth of microalgae (72.63×106 cell ml–1) and the maximum specific growth rate of microalgae (0.33 d⁻1) included in treatments with salinity of 25 and 30 ppt, that had a significant difference with the other treatments (p〈0.05). The maximum dry weight (0.022 g/lit) and amount of chlorophyll a (3.92 mg lit) was recorded in treatments with salinity of 30 ppt and shows significant difference with the other treatment (p〈0.05). The Minimum amount of carotenoids (0.41 mg lit) was related to treatment with salinity of 50 ppt. shows a significant difference with other treatments (p〈0.05). According to the results we can say that microalgae resistant to high salinity and a wide range of salinity has the ability to grow and produce carotenoids.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Salinity ; Chlorophyll a ; Carotenoid ; Growth ; Nannochloropsis oculata ; biomass ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22158 | 18721 | 2018-08-08 19:44:23 | 22158 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The application and environmental hazards of nanotechnology to aquatic species are increasingly growing. To address the issue, the present study was designed and carried out to elucidate the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on growth, survival and reproductive traits of Artemia urmiana. The experiment consisted of five treatments, namely control group and those exposed to 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1 silver nanoparticles, with four respective replicates. To do so, 500 newly hatched nauplii were counted and transferred to 1 liter containers exposing to various concentrations of the silver nanoparticles. Microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta and zymogenic was used to feed Artemia. Growth and survival rates were recorded on days 8, 11, 17, 20 and 23. After sexual maturation, Artemia were transferred to a new environment free from nanoparticles and their reproductive traits were studied. Results showed that higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles led to lower survival rate and augmented growth rate of Artemia (p〈0.05). Regarding reproductive traits, group exposed to 1mgl-1 silver nanoparticles showed the lowest total offspring, offspring per day, offspring per brood and life span (p〈0.05). In conclusion, the discharge of silver nanoparticles even at lower concentrations would undesirably influence reproductive cycle of A. urmiana and result in lower survival and reproductive performance of the animal.
    Keywords: Biology ; Pollution ; Silver nanoparticles ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Reproductive traits ; Artemia urmiana ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22548 | 18721 | 2018-04-24 17:28:31 | 22548 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Co-feeding of fish larvae with live food and formulated diet has been at the focus of fish nutritionists since last decade. In this study we tried to refine the feeding practices of great beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) larvae using different combinations of newly hatched Artemia urmiana nauplii and trout starter diet. Three replicate groups (250 fish/replicate) of first-feeding Huso huso larvae were fed on the basis of four main feeding regimens: (1) live food (live nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia urmiana); (2) indirect transition (5 days live food followed by gradual transition to formulated diet); (3) direct transition (using different combinations of live and formulated diet from start feeding); (4) formulated feed (FD). It was found that combining live food and manufactured diets (co-feeding) from first feeding stage (direct transition) significantly improves the weight gain in H. huso larvae followed by indirect transition, live food and FD. But survival was significantly higher in larvae fed on pure live food and direct transition regimens compared to indirect transition and FD. It was concluded that co-feeding of H. huso could be started immediately from commencement of exogenous feeding.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Huso huso ; Artemia nauplii ; Formulated diet ; Co-feeding ; Growth ; Survival ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22387 | 18721 | 2018-04-03 13:08:11 | 22387 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The aim of the present study was to investigate the age structure, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, sexual maturity stages, growth parameters, natural and fishing mortality coefficients of three species of kilka including common, anchovy and bigeye kilka. The fork length–weight relationship of common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were calculated as W=0.000153 FL2.37, W=0.000349 FL2.18 and W=0.00160 FL2.97, respectively. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve for length were L∞ = 143.5 mm, K = 0.30 yr-1 and t0 = -1.02 yr for common kilka L∞ = 151.9 mm, K = 0.28 yr-1 and t0 = -1.12 yr for anchovy kilka L∞ = 148.6 mm, K = 0.46 yr-1 and t0 = -0.18 yr for bigeye kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality of common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were estimated as 0.671, 0.633 and 0.881 yr-1, respectively. The current exploitation rates of three species were estimated as 0.55, 0.41 and 0.26, respectively. The results suggest that common kilka stock is under over-fishing now.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Clupeonella cultriventris caspia ; C. engrauliformis ; C. grimmi ; Growth ; Sexual maturity stage ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: The expansion of aquaculture in the last 10 years has made it an important source of protein worldwide. However, increased production, and the culture intensification it carries, results in higher risk of infectious disease due to poor water quality and high stocking densities. ... Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is a plant native to Mexico whose flowers accumulate carotenoids. Natural carotenoids extracted from marigold have been used in aquaculture to help in the survival of fish juvenile stages by strengthening their immunological system, thus reducing mortality rates. The effect of carotenoids in fish health may exert a positive effect on fish growth indices; however, these effects on growth parameters have not been studied in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), which is the most cultured fish species in north-eastern Mexico, and one of the most cultured on the southern United States. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate if there were significant differences in growth among channel catfish juveniles when fed diets containing various carotenoid doses from a natural source.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Catfish ; Marigold extract ; Growth ; Ictalurus punctatus ; aquaculture ; México
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Improving and protecting fish health in commercial production practices is a major factor in the aquaculture industry. This has prompted new initiatives toward the development/appraisal of novel agents or functional dietary supplements in commercial feeds for fish and crustacean species. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that selectively stimulate the growth and metabolism of health-promoting bacteria already present in the host gut. This leads to increased growth rate and better health of the host. Dietary supplements including probiotics and prebiotics such as inulin and immunostimulants have shown promise as preventive and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture, especially for fishes. ... The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of inulin as a prebiotic on growth performance, survival, body composition, stress resistance and some hematological parameters of gibel carp (C. auratus gibelio) juvenile.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Inulin ; Growth ; Body composition ; Stress resistance ; Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) ; aquaculture ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22858 | 18721 | 2018-05-30 19:49:05 | 22858 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Effects of Artemia urmiana enriched with ICES30/4 as a commercial emulsion of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) on growth, survival, salinity tolerance and fatty acid composition of the Persian sturgeon larvae were evaluated. Artemia enriched for two different time periods (12 and 24 hours) and non-enriched artemia were fed to A. persicus larvae (average initial wet weight 46.80± 2.03mg) during 20 days. The n3-HUFA content ranged from 0.82±0.08 mg/g DW in non-enriched artemia to 7.69±0.2 mg/g DW in enriched artemia during 24 h with ICES30/4 and ranged from 3.20±0.30 mg/g DW in sturgeon fish larvae fed with non-enriched artemia to 5.98±0.43 mg/g DW in fish larvae fed with 24 h-artemia enriched with ICES30/4 after 20 days. The n3-HUFA content significantly increased compared to 12 h enrichment period both in artemia and sturgeons fed with these artemia (p〈0.05). A significant increase in survival percentages and salinity tolerance were observed between fish larvae fed with enriched and non-enriched artemia (p〈0.05), while growth rate did not significantly differ among the treatments (p〉0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Artemia urmiana ; Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) ; Enrichment ; Growth ; Survival performance ; Fatty acids composition ; aquaculture ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22915 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 01:40:21 | 22915 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This study was carried out to determine population structure, growth and reproduction properties of barbel. A total of 198 individuals were sampled. Ages of samples were found between I and VI years, fork lengths between 4.3 and 16.6 cm and total weights between 1.2 and 65.8 g. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0146×L^2.934. Munro’s phi prime index was estimated as 1.95, L∞ as 26.42 cm, W∞ as 216.92 g, and condition factor as 1.265±0.01. First sexual maturation was determined in 6.0-6.9 cm-group males, and second sexual maturity was recorded in 10.0-10.9 cm-group females. Individual fecundity was defined between 568 and 4171 eggs/female and relative fecundity was calculated as 64964.55±5855.49 eggs/kg female. Barbel did not show good growth and reproduction performance in the stream, because of fishing pressure.
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    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Barbel ; Growth ; Population structure ; Reproduction ; Çığlı stream ; Biology ; Physiology ; Turkey
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22932 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 14:44:17 | 22932 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Alphamune, a mixed prebiotic composed of mannan-oligosaccharide and β-glucans, on the growth performance, digestibility and enzyme activity of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with Alphamune at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g.kg^-1 leading to five experimental diets. Obtained results showed that inclusion of dietary Alphamune significantly increased the final weight and weight gain (p〈0.01) of rainbow trout compared to the control group. Feed conversion ratio was also improved after prebiotic administration in comparison with the control group (p〈0.05). However, Alphamune supplementation did not change specific growth rate (p〉0.05). Also apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was not affected by dietary addition of the prebiotic (p〉0.05). Our results indicated that amlayse and lipase activities were not significantly influenced by administration of different doses of Alphamune. The result also showed that trypsin activity was gradually increased with increasing of the probiotic level (p〉0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of the prebiotic Alphamune can improve the nutrient efficiency and growth performance of rainbow trout confirming the positive effect of a mixture of prebiotics on fish.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Prebiotic ; Alphamune ; Growth ; Digestibility ; Enzyme activity ; Ecology ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22937 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 15:06:14 | 22937 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: In this study, a feeding trial was conducted to examine the potential of replacing fish meal with brewers yeast in practical diet of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Five isoproteic (37% CP) and isocaloric (3350 kcal/kg) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of brewers yeast. Fish meal protein was replaced by 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% of yeast. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial average weight of 0.56 g fish^-1) in glass aquarium (65L). Fish were fed three times per day to apparent satiation for 84 days. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR), hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and body composition of goldfish fry were determined. According to the results, weight gain, SGR, FCR and PER of fish fed the diet including yeast replaced 35% of the fish meal were better than those of fish fed the other diets. There were no significant differences in SR and HSI values among fish fed diets (p〉0.05). However, CF among fish fed the experimental diets was significantly different (p〉0.05). Whole body composition was similar among fish fed different diets. The optimal replacement level of fishmeal protein by brewers yeast was determined by second-order polynomial regression to be (y= 2, 2237- 0,0004x^2 + 0,0279x; R² = 0,9977) 34.875%, on the basis of SGR.
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    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Carassius auratus ; Fish meal replacement ; Growth ; Feed utilization ; fish disease ; Turkey
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22940 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 15:18:17 | 22940 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate as a dietary ascorbic acid source on blood parameters of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius), including red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) and WBC differential. A total number of 600 Caspian brown trout (9.6±0.6 g) fingerlings were randomly distributed in triplicates among five treatments each containing 40 specimens. Experimental diets were also prepared by adding 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg^-1 L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate to the basal diet. Feeding was done for nine weeks in each treatment. The survival rate in all treatments was 100%. The results showed a significant increase in RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and lymphocyte (p〈0.05) by supplementing L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate compared to the control treatment. The fish fed by 200 mg ascorbic acid kg^-1 diet had the maximum hemoglobin and hematocrit in comparison with the other treatments. The current research showed that dietary L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate influences the complete blood count of Caspian brown trout while fingerlings fed with the optimum amounts of 200 mg ascorbic acid kg^-1 diet for a period of 9 weeks trail.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Ascorbic acid ; Growth ; Hematological parameters ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Biology ; Physiology ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22942 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 19:55:31 | 22942 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This study investigates the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and reproductive performance of Nile tilapia over three consecutive spawnings. Fish were reared using three experimental diets, with the goal of replacing dietary fish oil with palm oil. Three experimental diets and a commercial trout diet was used as the control. The effect of dietary lipid on the growth performance, spawning interval, fecundity, relative fecundity (number of eggs per unit weight), egg size, egg fertilization and hatching rate in addition to an assessment of larval quality was investigated. Growth was significantly (p〈0.05) influenced by the source of dietary lipid used. The source of the dietary lipid, however, had no significant effect on the diameter of the eggs, as well as their volume or dry weight. Despite this, relative fecundity was found to be significantly different between fish fed experimental diets and those fed the control diet; there was no difference between those fed the PO and mixed PO:CO diets (p〉0.05). Similar results were observed for the egg to body weight ratio (EW:BW) and the inter-spawning interval (ISI) for the fish fed control diet (diet 4). The total fecundity (number of eggs produced per fish) obtained from the fish fed the mixed oil diet (PO:CO) was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than from those fed the palm oil and control diets. This study suggests that palm oil can replace fish oil in diets fed to O. niloticus with no subsequent negative effects on the eggs and larval quality.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Nile tilapia ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Diet ; Growth ; Lipid ; Reproduction ; Egg ; Larval quality ; Iran
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  • 57
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22964 | 18721 | 2018-06-07 21:46:15 | 22964 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The effect of black glutinous rice bran inclusion used in diets of Nile tilapia was studied in fish with an initial weight of 8.76±0.17g per fish and fed with experimental diets supplemented with black glutinous rice bran at 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 for 60 days. The results of phytochemical analyses of black rice bran showed that the total anthocyanin, phenolic, tannin and phytic acid contents were 52.42±0.23, 3.77±0.03, 0.32±0.13, 0.14±0.01 mg/100g, respectively. The properties of black glutinous rice bran acted as an antioxidant, and the inhibitory percentage of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) was significantly different (p〈0.05) on storage in different conditions of 4 and 25 ºC. Black glutinous rice bran stored at 4 °C showed significantly higher antioxidant activities analyzed by DPPH and TBARs tests (p〈0.05). The percentage of digestibility coefficients and protein digestibility in test diets ranged from 75.21-81.95 and 87.37-91.87 (p〉0.05), respectively. The highest average daily gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed with the diet containing 150 and 200 g kg^-1 black rice bran (p〈0.05). Feed conversion ratio was slightly better in fish fed the diet supplemented with 200 g kg^-1 black glutinous rice bran. The serum biochemical values including total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were not significantly different in the various experimental groups (p〉0.05). Therefore, supplementation of black glutinous rice bran in tilapia diets at a rate of 200 g kg^-1 resulted in better growth and had no adverse effects on digestibility and serum biochemistry.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Black glutinous rice bran ; Tilapia ; Phytochemical ; Antioxidant ; Growth ; Serum biochemistry ; aquaculture ; Thailand
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22961 | 18721 | 2018-06-07 21:27:10 | 22961 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: Age and growth of Bigeye Kilka, Clupeonella grimmi, were studied in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from early May 2006 to April 2007. The sagitta otoliths were removed for each 5 mm length interval up to a total number of 262 fish. Fork length and weight ranged from 92.5 to 142.5 mm and 4.2 g to 23.4 g, respectively. The largest length-groups was observed from December to February and the lowest in April, which was coincided with spawning period and feeding during wintering, respectively. The overall sex ratio (male:female) was 0.33:1 which differed significantly from the expected ratio of 1:1. The length-weight regression was W= 0.0000744 FL^3.14 for females and W=0.0000341FL^3.16 for males, indicating the Caspian Bigeye grew isometrically for both sexes. Age determination based on otoliths readings showed that the population was composed of six- groups from 2 to 7 years old which observed a rapidly growth during the second year. In the age compositions, the four years old specimens with a mean fork length and weight 115.5±7.8 mm and 11.9 ± 2.8 g were the most abundant age group and accounted for 40.1%. The condition factor was 0.7-0.8 which varied in difference months and coincided to the gonad development. Age-at-length data were used to determine von Bertalanffy growth parameters for this population in both sexes, indicating that K value and L∞ of females was more than that of males. The results showed that C. grimmi is a rapidly-growing species in the southern parts of the Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Age ; Growth ; Clupeonella grimmi ; Caspian Sea ; Iran ; Stock assessment
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23160 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 23:11:47 | 23160 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The present study was carried out to examine 6 plants including aquatic and terrestrial plants on food preference and growth of grass carp. 7 experimental treatments with three replicates were considered. The experimental treatments were ponds containing T1: M. spicatum, T2: C. demersum, T3: A. filiculoides, T4: L. minor, T5: C. dactylon, T6: M. sativa and T7: M. Spicatum + C. demersum + A. filiculoides + L. minor + C. dactylon + M. sativa. 12 grass carps (20 g) were added to each experimental pond. After 5 months, the fish body composition was assessed. According to results, the higher values of fish weight gain rate were obtained in treatments T4 (3.13 g), T6 (2.93 g) and T1 (2.95 g) compared to other experimental groups (p〈0.05). Also, the highest percentage of body protein and lipid content were observed in T4 and T1. In addition, the biomass and percentage of examined plants decreased after delivery of grass carps to each pond over the course of the experiment, but higher decreases were recorded for T4 and T1. The mean values of relative growth rate were higher in T4 and mixture of all plants (p〈0.05). Also, the highest fish biomass was recorded in T1 and T4 (p〈0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that T4 and T1 have higher adaptability compared to other examined plants in the present study and these two plants could be used for feeding grass carp in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Food preference ; Aquatic plant ; Growth ; Grass carp ; Iran
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    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23276 | 19325 | 2018-03-28 15:48:40 | 23276 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: This study was carried out by surveying all the water bodies of two states where Typha grass exists. Soil auger was used to take soil samples randomly from five different locations in both Kebbi and Katsina state at the depths of 0-5cm, 510cm, 10 15cm. Soil nutrient was analyzed for the mineral composition of the two States at different season and soil depths. The result showed that, soil depth between 5-10cm has the highest percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium during dry season. The nutrient composition of soil from the two states followed the same pattern during wet season.
    Description: Includes:- 4 figs.;9 refs.
    Keywords: Earth Sciences ; Ecology ; Nigeria ; Kebbi State ; Nigeria ; Katsina State ; Soil nutrient ; freshwater environment ; Soils ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Growth ; Aquatic plants
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23614 | 18721 | 2018-07-12 15:00:35 | 23614 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: This paper described hybrid between two species of Salmonidae Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) & Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius). Caspian salmon is a native fish in the Caspian Sea which migrate for spawning to the Mazandaran Rivers in the northern part of Iran during the autumn. Annually some broodstock of this type of fish are caught from the rivers and carried to fish farm in order to produce smolts. Then released them to the rivers to preserve stock Rainbow trout is also used for intensive culture in Iran since we would like to have inherit intermediate of these species. After selection of broodstock and fertilization we assayed many factors such as: Feeding, growth, systematic, cytogenetic, internal organs, tolerance to deficiency of oxygen and high temperature. In addition, we also compared with control. The result showed that the hybrid is intermediate between parental and suitable for intensive culture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Species ; Salmonidae ; Rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Caspian salmon ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Smolt ; Spawning ; Migrate ; Broodstock ; Fertilization ; Feeding ; Growth ; Systematic ; Cytogenetic ; Hybridization ; Mazandaran Rivers ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23624 | 18721 | 2018-07-12 19:43:11 | 23624 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Length composition data from monthly catches of Scomberomorus commerson landed in Choebdeh and Hendijan fish landing places in Khuzestan Province, north Persian Gulf, were collected from 2004 to 2005. We used the data to estimate growth parameters and mortality coefficients of the fish. Response surface analysis produced by the ELEFAN program provided a complete set of Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimation. We found L infinity =120cm (fork length), K=0.49per year and t_0=-0.11 year for the fish. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W=0.022tL ^2.7575 with r^2=0.978S. Based on the calculated b, we conclude that the fish has an isometric growth pattern. The total, natural and fishing mortality coefficients were estimated as, Z=1.58, M=0.58 and F=1.0, respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) for this species was estimated as 0.63 per year. The E-value indicates that the kingfish in this part of the Persian Gulf has been overexploited. Current fishing pattern in the Khuzestan province shows that 97.07% of the cumulative length frequency and 78.18% of the cumulative weight frequency of the landed fish are under standard size. Results of this study indicate that exploitation of kingfish does not follow an optimum trend and if this trend continues, the stock of Scomberomorus commerson in this area will be threatened.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Growth ; Stock assessment ; Length ; Exploitation ; Age determination ; Marine ; Fishing effort ; Scomberomorus commerson ; Khuzestan Province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23631 | 18721 | 2018-07-13 10:11:41 | 23631 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A 3t2 factorial feeding trial of three dietary protein levels (45, 50 and 55%) and two dietary crude energy levels (4200 and 4600 cal/g) with three replications was conducted to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of fingerling Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fingerlings with average weight of 135 plus or minus 0.24mg were fed the experimental diets for 45 days.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Diets ; Biochemical composition ; Growth ; Feeding experiments ; Proteins ; Fish larvae ; Fish Culture ; Salmo trutta ; Brackish ; Mazandaran Province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23632 | 18721 | 2018-07-13 10:15:35 | 23632 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is one of the most important commercial bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea that constitute more than 50% of the total annual catch of the bony fishes. In the fishing season of 2003-2004, 5 mobile working groups gathered biometry data in the regions Anzali, Kiashar, Noshahr, Babolsar and Torkmen. Catch statistics of bony fishes was gained from fishing and landing harbors. Total catch of the commercial bony fishes was estimated at 15.5 thousand tons from which the kutum amounted to 8477 tons, 45.5% of the total. Also, catch of the bony fishes of beach seine cooperatives was estimated at 10667 tons where the Caspian kutum comprised 5180 tons (48.65%). The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the Caspian kutum amounted to 93.3 kg/set with the highest value recorded in Noshahr and the lowest amount observed in Anzali and Kiashahr regions. The mean fork length of the species was 36.7 plus or minus 6.1 cm showing a range of 21 to 69 cm. The mean age was measured as 3.82±1.37 years with the range of 1 to 8 years. The age groups 3, 4 and 5 years old comprised 87% of the total catch age composition. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters such as L infinity, k and t_0) were determined as 70.1 cm, 0.138/year and -1.557 years, respectively. Total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality rates of the species were estimated at 1.1/year, 0.28/year and 0.83/year, respectively (considering a surface water temperature of 14°C). The biomass of the fish was estimated at 25 thousand tons.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Growth ; Age ; Length ; Total mortality ; Beach seines ; Stock assessment ; Natural mortality ; Fishing mortality ; Rutilus frisii ; Brackish ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23646 | 18721 | 2018-07-14 23:58:45 | 23646 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Influence of phytase enzyme and replacement of fishmeal protein by soybean meal protein on growth and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) specimens each with a mean weight of 121.75~c5.95g were studied. Experimental diets by factorial method 3*3, containing three levels of replacement (0.0, 35 and 70%) and three levels of microbial phytase (0.0, 1000, 2000 units/kg diet) were formulated and prepared. Nine treatments and three replicates of random groups of 20 fish per each 2 cubic meter (2*2*0.5m) tank were used in the study. All diets contained 36-38% protein and about 4000 cal/g energy. During the 9 weeks period of the study, fish were fed to satiation level, three times daily. Statistical results indicated that the increase of replacement level to 35% had no significant effect on growth index (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Effect of replacement on body composition was not significant, except for crude energy which decreased in 70% level (P≥0.05). Effect of phytase enzyme on growth index was positive and 2000 units/kg diet of phytase showed the best result (P≥0.05), but phytase levels had no significant effect on body composition. Result also showed that there was a significant interaction between phytase enzyme and meal rep lacement (P≥0.05). We suggest using 2000 units/kg diets of phytase with at least 35% replacement of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein as a suitable formula for growing rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Diets ; Growth ; Body weight ; Fish culture ; Artificial feeding ; Feed composition ; Freshwater ; Condition factor ; Nutritional requirements ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; ISW ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23645 | 18721 | 2018-07-14 23:55:10 | 23645 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: In the years 2001 and 2002, two great floods occurred in the Madarsoo River in Golestan National Park, north-east of Iran. To study the effects of these floods, we assessed the age, growth and reproduction of Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Keyserlhng, 1861) in the river from November 2003 to December 2004. Fishes were caught by electroshocker and 1025 specimens were randomly selected from the catch. Growth in length was expressed for both sexes with Von Bertalanffy equation. Growth parameters were estimated as L infinity =249mm, K=0.22 per year and t _ (0) = -0.30 year for males and L infinity =306mm, K=0.21 per year and t _ (0) = -0.38 year for females. The length-weight relationships were described for males as lnW= -4.48 + 3.03 lnTL and as lnW= -4.59+3.0551 lnTL for females which shows a good feeding condition and a positive-isometric growth. Difference of length distribution between males and females is significant and males have lower lengths because this sex matures sooner so its growth is lower than females. Difference of fish length distribution between this study and previous studies on the C. capoeta gracilis of the river is significant and Lenkoran's length shows great decrease in this study as compared to previous studies. Age of the fishes ranged from 1 ^+ to 5 ^+ for males and 2 ^+ to 8 ^+ for females, the dominant age was 2 ^+ and the mean age was calculated as 2.009 ±0.034. We found that C. capoeta gracilis population had become younger in this study, so we concluded that the floods had made great changes in age and length structure of the fish.
    Keywords: Biology ; Growth rate ; Age ; Age composition ; Environmental impact ; Life cycle ; Sexual isolation ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth ; Body weight ; Length ; Body size ; Freshwater ; Growth curves ; Floods ; Reproductive cycle ; Size distribution ; Capoeta capoeta ; Golestan Park ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23651 | 18721 | 2018-07-15 00:10:57 | 23651 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: We evaluated Zeolite efficiency in absorption of ammonia from sea water. Three phases including ammonia movement through Zeolite column, application of Zeolite powder and granule in closed containers filled with ammonia solution and dispersion of Zeolite in shrimp culture tanks were implemented in the study. For the first phase, ammonia solution in two concentrations (4.8 and 2.42mg/lit) and a water salinity of 42ppt (sea water) was passed through the Zeolite column (400g of granule Clinoptilolite) in three replications. Concentration of ammonia in outlet solution was between 0.2-5.4mg/lit in the first replication and 0.0 to 5.5, 0.0 to 2.6mg/lit in the 2nd and 3rd replication, respectively. At the second phase, volume and levels of ammonia concentration left in the closed jug of ammonia solution was different. The concentration of ammonia was measured at various time periods in four replications. The results showed that ion exchange in seawater is not a one way process, so that ammonia concentrations in the jugs with Zeolite fluctuated with time, contrary to its stable concentration in control treatments. At the third phase, Zeolite in granule and powder forms was added to culture tanks of shrimp juveniles (Penaeus indicus) weighting on average 0.2g each for 79 days of culture period and a stocking density of 16 individuals per square meter. Thus, we provided three treatments, using Zeolite granules, powder and one control. A Duncan's test of the growth and survival rate of the cultured shrimps showed no significant difference among the treatments (P〉0.01).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Juveniles ; Growth ; Weight ; Ammonia ; Survival ; Zeolites ; Aquaculture techniques ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Marine ; Shrimp culture ; Culture tanks ; Hormuzgan province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23656 | 18721 | 2018-07-15 00:23:26 | 23656 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Investigation on pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata growth and mortality parameters was carried out from September 2001 to October 2002 in west of Lavan Island using scuba diving method. Hinge length (HL) and dorsoventral measurement (DVM) relationship was significantly (r ^ (2) =0.98) linear. Weight and dorsoventral measurement relationship was shown to be W=0.0004 L ^ (2.812) (r ^ (2) =0.98). Asymptotic length (L infinity) and growth rate (K) were estimated at 98 (mm) and 0.96 y ^ (-1) respectively. More than 70 percent of the individuals were matured in April 2001. Mortality parameters including natural mortality (M), total mortality (Z) and fishery mortality (F) were estimated to be 1.21y ^ (-1), 1.68y ^ (-1) and 0.66y ^ (-1) respectively. Exploitation rate was estimated to be 0.27 in this survey.
    Keywords: Biology ; Length-weight relationships ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Growth ; Exploitation ; Population dynamics ; Marine ; Pearl oysters ; Pinctada radiata ; Lavan Island ; ISW ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23669 | 18721 | 2018-07-16 17:09:33 | 23669 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effects of exposure to Zinc and Copper in developing from nauplius to adult stages in two species, Artemia urmiana and A. franciscana were studied. The growth and lifespan of the specimens under treatments also have been investigated. During the period of the experiments, both species of Artemia were exposed by Zinc-treated groups (23, 68, 114 mg/l) and also copper-treated groups (13, 25, 38 mg/l) and compared with control group without any metal treatment. However, in treatments with Zinc and Copper concentrations, lifespan was reduced in comparison with that of the control treatments. Results showed that Zinc and Copper have toxic effects on A. urmiana and A. franciscana. Although the resistance of both of them was high, but A. urmiana was more endure than A. franciscana. It is suggested that the two Artemia species might have adopted a strategy to speed up growth and reproduce before metal pollution can cause death for them. Also, this study indicated that Zinc was less toxic than Copper for the two species investigated.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Growth ; Zinc ; Survival ; Reproduction ; Toxicity ; Copper ; Toxicity tolerance ; Marine ; Artemia franciscana ; Artemia urmiana ; Tehran Province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23665 | 18721 | 2018-07-16 16:37:23 | 23665 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: To decrease cost of the commercial formulated food in culture of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), inexpensive additives like Zeolite can be incorporated into food. An eight week experiment was conducted on juvenile freshwater crayfish to determine the suitable level of Zeolite in food of the fish. Four levels of Zeolite 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent with three replications each and a digestible energy (DE) of 3500Kcal/kg diet were formulated. Five hundred and forty juvenile crayfish weighing 2 plus or minus 0.8 grams each were randomly distributed between twelve aquariums of 250 liter capacity. Juveniles were fed on pellet foods at 8 percent of body weight four times a day. Different nutritional responses in terms of weight gain (WG), Relative growth rate (RGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (SR) were calculated and compared. WG, RGR and SR in treatments (1, 2, 3, 4) were not significant statistically (P〉0.05) as compared to the control group.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Diets ; Growth rate ; Juveniles ; Growth ; Survival ; Nutrition ; Artificial feeding ; Freshwater ; Pellet feeds ; Zeolites ; Crayfish culture ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Gilan Province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23673 | 18721 | 2018-07-17 03:25:41 | 23673 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was introduced to Iran in 2005 by Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. In this study which was carried out at the Iran Shrimp Research Center in Bushehr, shrimp growth in three density treatments 50, 100 and 150 PCs/m super(3) with three replications were compared. The experiment was conducted for 50 days in fiberglass tanks (three ton capacity). Daily tests of salinity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were also carried out. We found that the mean salinity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were 30.2 ppt, 7.9, 25.5 degrees centigrade and 6.2mg/l respectively. We recorded a mean weight of 2.96, 2.17 and 1.87 grams for shrimps in 50, 100 and 150 PCs/m ^(3) respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Juveniles ; Tolerance ; Growth ; Density ; Survival ; Marine ; Stocking (organisms) ; Shrimp culture ; Culture tanks ; Fibre glass ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Bushehr Province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23682 | 18721 | 2018-07-18 06:47:03 | 23682 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Using length frequency information on Tenualosa ilisha catch in the coastal waters of Khouzestan Province (Abadan and Hendijan), we estimated growth parameters of the species. The data were composed of the total length measurement of around 10071 specimens caught in Abadan and 4032 specimens caught in Hendijan waters. The catches conducted monthly during the year 2005 using gill net with a mesh size of 8-9.5 centimeters.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Fishery biology ; Growth ; Length ; Size distribution ; Marine ; Gillnets ; Tenualosa ilisha ; Khuzestan Province ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23733 | 18721 | 2018-07-21 03:52:57 | 23733 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Sardinella sindensis is economically the most important small pelagic fish species in the coastal area of Qeshm Island. Population dynamics of Sind sardinella from Qeshm Island coastal waters, during April 2005 to March 2006 were studied. The asymptotic length (Lx) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated at 178mm and 1.11yr ^(-1), respectively. The minimum and maximum T.L was recorded at 42 and 172mm respectively. The value of t0 was calculated at -0.17, and Tmax was estimated at 2.7 year. The Von Bertalanffy growth equation was obtained at L_(t) = 178^(1-exp(-1.1 l(t-(-0.17))) for this species. Total mortality (Z) rate was estimated to be 3.48yr ^(-1) (r ^(2) = 0.88) on length-converted catch curve method. The rates of natural mortality (M) based on Pauly's empirical equation, fishing mortality (F) and exploitation ratio were estimated at 1.13yr ^(-1), 2.35yr ^(-1) and 0.67, respectively. Four cohorts were distinguished annually based on Bhattacharya's method with mean length of 56, 89, 107 and 141mm. Maximum recruitment was in September at 18.62 percent. The length-weight relationship was determined as W= 0.000005 L ^(3.1399).
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Length-weight relationships ; Mortality ; Growth ; Population dynamics ; Marine ; Pelagic fisheries ; Sind sardinella ; Sardinella sindensis ; Persian Gulf ISW ; Qeshm Island ; Persian Gulf ; ISW ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23756 | 18721 | 2018-07-25 07:02:03 | 23756 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) juveniles were fed with dietary nucleotide levels of 0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.5% to investigate their effects on growth performance, survival rate and liver enzymes. Juveniles with an initial average weight of 12.26±0.001g were fed with the experimental diets for 60 days. The trial was carried out in 300 liter tanks each containing 35 fish which were fed with five meals a day at the rate of 34•5% of body weight. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA. Results of the study showed that the addition of dietary nucleotide led to significant increase of body weight gain (BW), weight increase percentage (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV) and feed intake but significant decrease of food conversion ratio (FCR) as compared to the control treatment (P〈0.05). No significant difference was found in condition factor (CF) and survival rate among the treatments (P〉0.05). The best value of growth improvement indices was observed at the dietary level of 0.25% nucleotide. Liver enzymes including AST, ALT and LDH at the level of 0.35% and ALP at the level of 0.25% were significantly lower than control treatment (P〈0.05). Our results also indicated that dietary nucleotide can have positive effects on growth performance and would decrease liver demolition.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Nutrition ; Nucleotide ; Growth ; Liver Enzyme ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24586 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:00:00 | 24586 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effects of feeding frequency on feed intake, growth and survival rates were determined in C. gariepinus. Twenty fish per tank (bowl) were stocked in triplicate. They were fed once (1D), thrice (3D) and five times daily (5D) respectively. The 5D group growth rates were observed significantly different (P〈 0.05) from fish fed on 1 (1D) and (3D) feeding frequency. All the treatments containing 1D, 3D and 5D were observed to have significant difference (P〉 0.05) in terms of final weight (FW). There was also a noticeable increased trend in final weight (5D 〉 3D 〉 7D). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 3D and 5D treatments were higher than 1 D) treatment (P〈 0.05). According to the results, feeding C. gariepinus 1 time daily (1D) did not influence the growth; however, 5 times daily reduced mortality and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of C. gariepinus.
    Description: Includes: 9 references〉
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Feeding frequency ; Feed convertion ratio ; Growth ; Survival rate ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24158 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:02:50 | 24158 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Heterobranchus longifilis juveniles (93.42 - 147.77g) used for this study were product of an indoor experiment in glass aquaria transferred to outdoor tanks. This study is therefore, a continuation of the indoor study using the same feed for the fish outdoors for 230 days. They were stocked in ten concrete tanks, of sizes 2m X 2m. The fish were stocked according to the number harvested from the indoor experiment for each treatment. The experimental diets were prepared with fish meal, soybean, groundnut cake, wheat offal, yeast, premix, starch, vitamin C and Vitamin B-complex to meet the requirement of H. longifilis. The analyzed crude protein in each diet was 42.56%, 43.32%, 4369%,43.86% and 43.98%. There was significant variation (p〈0.05) in the Mean Final Weight (MFW), Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Percentage Survival (PS). The survival of the fish was highest with the fish fed 2g yeast/I00g of diet and this was not significantly different from fish fed 1g yeast/ 100g diet. The cost of production of one kilogram of fish using varying levels of S. cerevisiae in diets varied significantly (p〈0.05).
    Description: Includes: 2 tables.;Also includes: 18 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Heterobranchus longifilis ; Nigeria ; Niger ; Growth ; Survival ; Heterobranchus longifilis ; Yeast ; freshwater environment ; Freshwater fish ; Yeasts ; Artificial feeding ; Diets ; Feeding experiments ; Culture tanks ; Growth rate ; Survival ; Fish culture
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24726 | 18721 | 2018-08-04 16:59:03 | 24726 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Artemia uramiana hatched in the laboratory condition were reared in small glass aquariums for 20 days in 4 replications and fed with Chaetocerus sp. and marine Chlorella sp. as treatments. Culture conditions such as temperature, salinity and pH were kept the same for all treatments and replicates. A one-way analysis of variance, showed a significant difference in the mean growth rate of the Artemia treated with different food items (P〈0.05), but no significant differences was found in the Anemia survival rate (P=0.4321). The average survival rate and the mean length of Anemia fed on Chaetocerus sp. were 95%, 97%, 93%, 94% and 7.77, 7.76, 8.01, 7.87; for the four replications. For the Artemia fed on Chlorella sp. the values were 82%, 80%, 77%, 85% and 7.06, 7.66, 7.53, 6.83 respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Artemia uramiana ; Algae ; Growth ; Chlorella sp. ; Chaetocerus sp. ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24739 | 18721 | 2018-08-04 17:06:57 | 24739 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A feeding experiment was conducted in a flow through water system to investigate effects of different dietary protein levels Osocaloric diets) on growth performance and survival of juvenile crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). Four purified experimental diets with various levels of protein (25, 30, and 40%) were formulated and fed to 120 crayfish for 90 days in the individual compartment. The diets which contained 35-40% dietary protein produced the highest values in weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed utilization (ANPU). Survival of crayfish was not effected by dietary protein levels. The crayfish that were fed on the diet containing 35% protein had significantly higher PER than those which were fed with a diet containing 40% protein. Carcase composition was found to be influenced by food type. The higher protein content resulted in an increase in carcase protein and ash contents while a decrease in carcase in lipid and moisture levels was detected as influenced by the protein content. The results indicate the optimum dietary protein level for crayfish to be in the range35 to 40%.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Purified Diet ; Protein Levels ; Growth ; Survival ; Iran
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25125 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:28:59 | 25125 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biology aspects of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) were investigated from October 2005 to December 2006 in Northern waters of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan province).The reproduction cycle, sexual maturity, sex ratio, Fecundity, Lm50, feeding, length frequency, growth parameters and mortality of cobia were studied from total of 509 specimens ranged from 19 to 159 fork length. Gonadosomatic index peaked during spring and summer with main peak in June. Spontaneous spawning occurs around the year with peak in June. The overall female to male ratio was significantly 1 : 1.49 (P〈0.05). Batch fecundity were estimated 1684954±118990 in 15 females. Relationship between total length and fecundity were calculated F=1.3717TL 2.9567 (r^2= 0.82). Feeding studies indicated that the bony fishes were main food of cobia (76%) and followed by crustaceans (25%) and mollusks (11%). Rays were least food items (22%). Maximum and Minimum GaSI were observed in March (33%) and August (0.07%) respectively. Females reached 50% sexual maturity at 81.25 cm TL. The total length -weight relationship was W=0.0042L3.1162 (r^2=0.9852). Thetotal length-fork length relationship was TL= 1.1561FL-2.533 (r^2= 0.9933). Growth parameters K, L, and t_0 were calculated by von bertalanfy growth equation: 0.11 (year1), 168.65 cm, 3.49 and -0.97 respectively. The instantons rate of total mortality (z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality estimated by catch curve analysis were 0.30, 0.25, 0.14 (year1). Exploitation rate and Tmax were 0.36 and 28 year respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan province ; Rachycentron canadum ; Cobia ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Lm50 ; Feeding ; Mortality ; Growth ; Parameters ; Biology ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Fecundity
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25336 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 13:01:44 | 25336 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A study was undertaken to determine the effects of various dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth indices, feed performance and body composition of benni (Barbus sharpeyi) juveniles. Nine iso-nitrogenous (25% crude protein) and iso-caloric (3.5 kcal/g digestible energy) semipurified diets with varying carbohydrate to lipid (CHO L) ratios (0.8 to 8.8 g/g) were tested for 8 weeks with three replicates. Each replicate was stocked with 20 fish (initial mean weight 16.47 ± 0.25 g) that were fed to satiation thrice daily. Twenty seven flow-through fiberglass tanks of 300 L capacity with a flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 were used for rearing the fish. Maximum weight gain (WG), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) and fulton,s condition factor (K) were observed in fish fed a 44% carbohydrate and 9% lipid diet, corresponding to a CHO/L ratio of 4.8. Whole body moisture, crude protein and ash content of fish fed varying CHO:L diets did not show any significant differences among treatments (P〉0.05), But whole body lipid content of fish decreased (P〈0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratio increased. The hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices (HSI and VSI) decreased (P〈0.05) as dietary CHO:L ratio increased and maximum values were observed in diet with highest amount of lipid. The results of the present study indicated that the optimal dietary CHO/L ratio for a optimal growth and feeding performance of Barbus sharpeyi juvenile, ranged between 3.8 and 4.8.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Carbohydrate ; Lipid ; Growth ; Feeding ; Body composition ; B.sharpeyi ; Dietary ; Juvenile ; Weight gain ; Protein ; Hepatosomatic index ; Viscerosomatic
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25349 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:19:02 | 25349 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on reproduction efficiency of rainbow trout and some indices of egg quality. Therefore, it was considered 7 groups consisting 6 treatments of two different astaxanthin sources and a control (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3) and synthetic source in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Reproduction efficiency analyzed through reproduction indices such as egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization, survival, hatching and eyed egg rates. Significant difference between treatments in terms of fecundity, eyed eggs rate and the number of eggs per gram was observed (P 〈0.05). Although in some factors such as diameter, egg weight per body and fertilization rate, no significant differences was observed. By increasing level of astaxanthin in both sources of algal and synthetic, hatching and eyed egg rates increased, but the effect of alga source on these indices was more perfect. Considering the results, the best result related to treatment of 8 gr/kg alga (T3). Observations during this research indicated no disease and mortality and also proper coloration and freshness of fishes. There was significant differences on blood factors (P 〈0.05). The broods were fed with algal astaxanthin had lower blood sugar. concentration of cholesterol was decressed alog with increasing in both the source of astaxanthin, however lower cholesterol relaed to algal astaxanthin. Total serum protein increased in treatments containing algal from 2.67 to 8 g/kg of astaxanthin. Increase in level of astaxanthin from 40 to 80 mg/kg, albumin increased and from 80 to 120 mg/kg, it was decreased. The changes in serum globulin treatments containing synthetic was not regular. Overall the results asserted that the application of astaxanthin improves reproduction performance of rainbow trout. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve reproductions indices and egg quality of rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province ; Rainbow trout ; Astaxanthin ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; Reproduction efficiency ; Larval stage ; Broods health ; Synthetic ; Algal astaxanthin ; Growth ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Eggs ; Spawning ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25351 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:58:15 | 25351 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: 30000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2007 and 2008) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station (Gilan) and Sheiban Resaerch center (Khozestan), In order to assess the viability of rearing fry up to 1 gram fingerlings under the climatic condition of north and south part of Iran . Growth parameters from the larval stage to 1 g were studied also. The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 3ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories. fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings.Catla was gain 1 g. during 15 day while Roho and Merigal were gain 1 g. during 14 and 10 days respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility specialy in other provinces like Sistan and Baluchestan were remind for futhre studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Guilan Province ; Astaneh ; Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Juvenile ; Earthen ponds ; Fisheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings ; Artificial food ; Oxygen level ; Turbidity ; Fertilizers
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25352 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 06:57:48 | 25352 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: 15000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (200 ) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station , In order to assess the viability of rearing under the climatic condition of north part of Iran and also achieve some growth parameters from the larval stage to market size.The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 12 ponds. Specimens were separated to tree experimental categories: 1= (30%indian carp and 70% chinees carp) , 2= (50%indian carp and 50% chinees carp) , 3= (70%indian carp and 30% chinees carp) .single chinees carp production were used as control . fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured. Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings. Also the average weight of growing phase (second year of production ) was 647g for Labeo Rohita ,420 g. for Cirhinus merigala and 734g for Catla catla. The special growth rate (SGR)in Roho was 4.51 %.and 3.9 % for merigal and6.2 % for Catla while for Chinees carps SGR was 4.9, 6.7, 7.6 and 5.8 for silver carp,grass carp, common carp and big head respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility were remind for futhre studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Guilan Province ; Astaneh ; Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Polyculture ; Juvenile ; Earthen ponds ; Fisheries ; Rearing ; Larval stage ; Fry ; Specimens ; Artificial food ; Fertilizers ; pH ; Turbidity ; Temperature
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25365 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:19:43 | 25365 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was set up to investigate the nutritional value and the optimum inclusion level of one Iranian cottonseed meal i.e. var. Pak, (CSMP) as a substitute for soybean meal (SBM) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for these varieties were calculated in experiment 1 by using an indigestible marker (chromic oxide). Six formulated feeds consisting different substitution levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) of SBM with CSMP, CSMS, and CSMA, respectively, were fed to a total of 540 rainbow trout with initial mean body weight of 50 ± 5 g. Fish were randomly stocked into eighteen 100 L. fiberglass tanks with 30 fish per tank and 3 tanks per diet and fed to satiation 3 times a day for 8 weeks. At the end of each separate experiment, 3 fish from each replicate for each dietary treatment were sacrificed to measure the whole fish body proximate compositions and liver gossypol content. After an 8 week feeding trail, the average weight gain, FCR, SGR, PER, DWG, PWG and CF of fish fed with different diets were measured separately. For all treatments, the survival percentage was more than 98%. Results showed that 100% and 80% CSMP showed in better growth in each experiment and 100% CSMP wasthe best in weight gain (104.3 g), FCR (1.5) and SGR (1.25%).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Cotton seed meal ; Gossypol ; Nutrition ; Rainbow trout ; Soybean meal ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Diet ; Survival ; Growth ; Weight gain
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25150 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:58:21 | 25150 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This Research has been done monthly in Sefidroud River and its tributaries from Agust 2003 to July 2004. From the total number of 2027 specimens of caught fish, 800 and 629 were males and females respectively, and 598 specimens were undistinguished. Samples were caught by cast nets. Fork length range of all specimen was 33-255 mm (119.56 ±46) and their weight rang was 0.42-257.5 gr (34.4 ±39.06) gr and their age range was 0-5 (1.76 ±0.959) year. The average of relative frequency in C.c.gracilis was 65.1 % . The average of condition factor was 1.07±0.13. Between Fork length and weight of C.c.gracilis. Was exponential relation and coefficient of correlation was estimated 99.11%. Growth cofficient (k) was 0.114 ; L_∞ was estimated 373.5 mm. C.c.g consumed of Chrysophyta phylum more than other Phytoplankton phyla in Sefidroud river and from Bentic point of view, consumed of clay, Filamentous algae detritus, insects, seeds. Absolute fecundity range was 1823-9274 (4553.8 ±2169.1) eggs. Considering the GSI and frequency percent of maturity stages, spawning period of the fish begins from April and peak of spawning is in June and terminates in July.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Sefidroud River ; Survey ; Capoeta capoeta gracilis ; Aquaculturize ; Species ; Specimens ; Males ; Females ; Fish ; Samples ; Weight ; C.c.gracilis ; Growth ; Chrysophyta phylum ; Phytoplankton phyla ; Filamentous algae detritus ; GSI ; Maturity ; Spawning
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25436 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:56:01 | 25436 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Harmful algal blooms resulting in red discoloration of coastal waters in the Persian Gulf, Iran were first observed in January 2007. The species responsible for the bloom, which was identified as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities in the Persian Gulf. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf. After adaptation in filtered seawater, they isolated by positive phototropism characteristic of this species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinity (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28ºC) and intensity (35, 70 and 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1) with an initial cell density of 50 cell mL^−1. The results of the present study clearly showed that the highest alga biomass was obtained following culture by using A^2 medium under the 32ppt salinity, 26°C temperature, and under a 11h light:13h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Mean cell density of C. polykrikoides in a 60 liter tank for ten days reached to 32 × 10^6 cell L^−1. Moreover, individual C. polykrikoides chain with 18 cells was observed for the first time in cultures. Based on the results from the present study, as mentioned above, providing suitable media culture and physical condition (light intensity and temperature), bloom forming of C. polykrikoides start from day 8 to 10 and will be continued until day 24 t0 28. In the other hand, C. polykrikoide cells immediately crashed and destroyed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Harmful algal bloom ; Cochlodinium polykrikoides ; Isolation ; Optimum growth ; Environmental parameters ; Phototropism characteristic ; Species ; Density ; C. polykrikoides ; Temperature ; Growth ; Biomass ; Bloom
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25451 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 17:53:51 | 25451 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Nowadays, medical plants extract is used in aquaculture industry to enhance growth, immune system and fish resistance to different pathogens. In this study, some non-specific immune responses, hematology and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout juveniles (16 gr mean weight) and their resistance to Streptococcus iniae were evaluated following oral administration of Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extract. Three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 gr/kg of feed) of Echinacea purpurea and three concentrations (2, 3 and 5 gr/kg of feed) of Astragalus sp extract and control group were used for 60 days. Parameters evaluated included: levels of C4, C3 (complement components), free oxygen radicals (respiratory burst), Lysozyme, numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. In the end, the relative survival rate (RSR) of fish was evaluated against S. iniae. The results showed that the levels of C3, lysozyme, oxygen free radicals, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the experiment groups (the highest dose) compared to control group were increased significantly (p 〈0/05). While, the values of C4 and number of monocytes compared to the control group were not significantly different (p〉 0.05). The relative survival rates of fish following challenge with Streptococcus iniae, were 91/11, 93/33 and 44/44 percent in experiments (Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp.) and control groups, respectively. In conclusion, it may be state that Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extracts enhance the non-specific immune system and fish resistance against Streptococcusis, and it seems it can be used as immunostimulant in feed.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Echinacea purpurea ; Astragalus sp ; Rainbow trout ; Streptococcusis ; Immune system ; Astragalus glycyphyllos ; O.mykiss ; Aquaculture ; Growth ; Juvenile ; Lysozyme ; Survival rate
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25447 | 18721 | 2018-09-25 18:12:04 | 25447 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of black carp introduction in chines carp poly culture as well as its effect on the growth, survival rate and production of chines carp species. This study conducted in two consecutive year. The period of culture in first year was during Jun 1 until Des 5 ,2009 and in second year it was from Jun 4 to Dec, 1,2010 .The experiment were started by selecting 9 earth end pond each with 800 m2 area and was performed in triplicate with 2 treatment and one control , each year .The ponds were treated by liming and fertilizer before filling water and then stocked with 3000 chines carp (140 Silvercarp, 42 Grass carp , 42 Common carp and 25 Bighead carp) while the number of Black carp in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, 250, 500, 75 and 125 pieces in Ha, blackcap was added to the control species respectively . The number of fish species harvested at end of culture in treatment 1, 2 and control .The total fish species harvested at the end of first year was 2276 out 1904 species released. The number of fishes catch in treatment 1,2 and control were 637,658and 573 species. the statistical analysis showed that average weight of black carp were 407±150 gr in treatment 1, 234±121 gr in treatment 2 with the minimum and maximum weight of 242 and 780 gr in first treatment as well as 110 and 750 gr in second treatment the production of black carp in first treatment were 42 kilogram per hectare and 60 kilogram in second treatment. The growth rate were higher in second treatment than first one. In second year the investigation repeated in triplicate with treatment3, 4 and one control. The total stocking density in treatment 3,4 and control were 665,633, and 574 pieces. Statistical analysis showed that total weight of black carp in third treatment was2049 ±614gr and in forth treatment was 2361 ±60 gr where the minimum and maximum values were 3115 gr and 1025 gr respectively. The survival rat of black carp in treatment 3 higher than in were treatment 4 while the growth in treatment 4 was higher treatment 3. The total production of black carp in treatment 3 and 4 were 123 and 181 kilogram per hectare respectively. The ANOVA test conducted for grass carp revealed that treatment 4 is significantly difference with treatment 3 and control. While for silver carp the treatment 4 is significantly difference with treatment 1 and control while for Big head carp the treatment 4 was significantly difference with control at 5% level (P〈%5). On second year the black carp reached to acceptable market size which could be compatible with other carp such as common carp and grass carp comparative analysis between different stocking density indicate that the stocking density with 125 pieces showed the highest positive effects.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Fish ; Species ; Carp culture ; Chinese black carp ; Diversity ; Warm water ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Silver Carp ; Grass carp ; Common carp ; Bighead carp ; ANOVA
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25478 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 06:50:00 | 25478 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of rearing the orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides) juvenile to marketable size in buoyant cages in Khuzestan province coast waters. Juvenile fishes for the study prepared from Bandar-e-Imam Marine Fish Station and reared them in 5-ton fiber glass tank for one year period using common pellet feed and trash fish to reach 50 g mean weight. Young fishes were stocked in 6 rectangular cages (3×3×3 m) to assess their growth performance with two test feeds i.e. pellet feed and trash fish (3 cages for each treatment) with the density of 30 fish /m^3 (810 fish/cage) for 143 days rearing period (started on July). Better growth with significant difference (p〈0.05) were observed for fishes fed trash fish (523.71±27.95 g) than those fed pellet feed (317.53±22.10 g). Although lower survival rate was recorded for fishes fed trash fish but difference with the pellet feed was not significant (p〉0.05). Results also showed that the FCR for the trash fish was acceptable, and hence it is recommended to consider the trash fish price and its labour cost befor using it as the main diet in cage culture activity.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Bandar-e-Imam ; Orange-Spotted Grouper ; Cage culture ; Trash Fish ; Pellet feed ; Growth ; Epinephelus coioides ; Rearing ; E. coioides ; Juvenile ; Survival rate ; FCR
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  • 90
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25569 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 17:07:25 | 25569 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Caspian Sea is an important source of water in terms of having valuable resources of sturgeon and bony fish is taken into consideration roach(Rutilus rutilus caspicus (L.)) is one of the most important commercial species in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran , the catch of this species has declined substantially in the last 10 years, The management and exploitation need of comprehensive review of its biology .This study as part of a comprehensive study of feeding , spawning and growth of this species.In this study, using samples caught in beach seine along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea coastal ( Iranian waters ) took place. The fork length and total weight ranged between 12.5 to29.5(cm) and 29 to293( grm),10.5 to23(cm) and17.2 to21(grm) in Golestan and Gilan Province respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship ranged 3.02 to 3.25 and 3.28 to 3.75 for female and male, in Golestan and Gilan Province respectively. The age composition of the catch was from 1 to 4 year in both Province, there was one spawning peak and Fecundity variations were high and ranged 7260 to 231965 eggs. Average growth in length was described with the Von Bertalanffy growth model: L (t) = 30.94(1-exp (0.42(t-0.18) and L (t) = 20.49(1-exp (0.53(t-1). The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula. Result showed that gastropod, Polychaete worms and molluscs were dominated and specific food items respectively. Shrimp, fish, insects, zooplankton and clams were scare of prey.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus ; Spawning ; Feeding ; Growth ; Length
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Survey is conducted to evaluate the effects of different intensities and durations of red light spectrums on growth performance and survival of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) in Coldwater Fishes Research Center (CFRC). According to the standard methods and manuals, selected 1.1±0.2 g (1755 individuals) larvae transferred from a registered and well-known hatchery and introduced to the fish tanks in CFRC after quarantine and adaptation procedures. The trial designed for 9 treatments with 3 repeats and fish tanks (California troughs) stocked by 65 larvae. All tanks were separated by dark plastic sheets individually to more controlling actions on special lighting regimes, except controls. Lighting actions were conducted as long as survey stage for 36 days by economic lamps (P: 40/50 W, =550/880 lum) on lighting durations of 12/12, 10/14, 14/10 h (on/off) and 24 (on) by 40/50 W lamps respectively for treatment 1 to 8. Controls are considered in treatment No. 9 by natural and environmental lighting regime. The biometry operations were carried out in a 6 days interval. Results were analyzed with SPSS (Version 12) software and by ANOVA one way analysis method and multiple levels of Duncan Test; graphs were illustrated by Excel software. According to the results, most of the measured factors as growth indicators (FW, WG, FCR and SGR) in treatments (1-8) had showed significant differences in compare of control. In this case, oily drips in retina layer of eye s larvae absorb the short light spectrums and let the long spectrums to be transferred. Thus because of more vision, feeding behavior could develop with lower stress condition. Moreover, some growth factor (SGR, WG and FCR) rates in larvae showed better values significantly in treatment (1) (12/12 h lighting with 550 lum) in compare of other treatments and controls (P≤ 0.05). In addition, there are not any harmonized and expected growth parameters with synchronized red lighting intensities and durations in the Caspian trout larvae. It seems that recent demonstrations were influenced by physiological effects of some endocrinal glands and brain neurotransmitters.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian trout ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Larvae ; Red light ; Light strengthen ; Light duration ; Growth ; Survey ; Survival ; Coldwater ; Feeding
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  • 92
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25204 | 18721 | 2018-09-04 08:20:25 | 25204 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rainbow trout is only species of cold water fishes which is rearing and propagation in Iranian fishery farms. Along of develop aquaculture industries increase request of best produces such as trout eyed eggs and larva. For this reason fishery farmers must be to provide that the way of import of other countries, such as: Denmark, Norway and France. As for this importance subject and unknown basic information about preference ratio for doing it, we needed to study about that to answer the suppliant questions. In this study carried out 3 test groups (3 treatments with 3 repetitions) and compared specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SVR) between in this groups. Statistical analysis were significantly difference of increase rate of length and weight in French group with other groups (p〈0.05). Compared of main factors (SGR, CF, SVR) in French test group were significantly difference with other groups (p〈0.05). Survival rate percentage in Iranian treatments (SVR=%67) were significantly with the others (p〈0.05). This ratio respectively in Danish and French treatment was %54 and %48.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; SR ; CF ; SGR ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Rainbow trout ; Species ; Cold water ; Rearing ; Fishery ; Aquaculture ; Larvae
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  • 93
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25215 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:02:27 | 25215 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was done is two phases, to determine required suitable level of protein and energy for Barbus grypus to get maximum growth to market size. Phase 1-finger ling phase Treatments with triplicate in different level of protein (25, 30, 35 percentage) and different level of digestible energy (kcal/100 gr 250,300,350) were used. Also the effect of mentioned diets on fish growth by calculating (WG, FER, FCR, SVR, PER, SGR) was studied. 9 treatments with triplicate random group of 15 fish per 300 liter tank the mean of were stuclied for 60 days. Body weight was (29.68±0.19gr). The results showed that in constant protein levels growth parameters improved to a special level with in Creasing energy level but in constant. Protein decrease with in crase in energy level. The result of caracass showed energy, protein, fiber and lipid caracass increased with increase in protein and energy, ash level of diet, on the other hand the mentioned diets had meaningfull effect on biochemical composition of caracass except (protein and ash). The best protein level was (%30) and suitable energy level was (250 Kcal/100gr). Phase 2: Grow out stage The best diets (P30%) and (250Kcal/100gr) and (p350%),(300kcal/100gr),(p35%)(350Kcal/100gr)was determind of second phase. These three suitable diets 3 treament in a soil pond 160m² with primary weight 98.3±23 in 60 day. Siqnificant different bet ween treatments were obsereved based on WG,FER,FCR,SVR,PER,SGR Indices. There were no Siqnificant different in (fish body composition)in second phases of experiment. The level of energy,protein,fiber and lipid. In fishes body were increased with in increasing the diet protein. Finally, according to mean valves,30% protein level and (250 Kcal/100gr) energy for barbus grypus are suggestedias the best levels.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Barbus Grypus ; Protein ; Energy ; Fingerling ; Grow out stage ; Diet ; Body weight ; Ash ; Parameters ; Growth
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  • 94
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25607 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:14:00 | 25607 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Acipenser stellatus and Huso huso are the most important native sturgeon species in Caspian Sea. In the present study, the impacts of various concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Beluga, Huso huso, under controlled conditions were investigated. Belugas (120±10 g) were fed diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppb AFB1/kg of diet for 3 months. Results showed that various levels of AFB1 do not significantly affect the specific growth ratio (SGR) (p〈 0.05) of fish in different treatments. However, weight gain and food conversion ratio (FCR) varied significantly (p〈 0.05 between control and treatments with diets contaminated with 75 and 100ppb AFB1/kg after 90 days). The increase in level of AFB1 did not affect the percent of survival rate (SR) and no mortality was observed in treatments (SR=100%). Various levels of AFB1 under experimental conditions of the present study affect some growth factors, such as, weight gain and FCR but have no significant impact on SGR. Histopathological studies showed that different level of AFB1 can cause broad range of changes in liver, kidney, spleen and gills tissues, particularly at concentration of 75 and 100 ppb AFB1/kg of diets after 60 days.No tumour formation observed. With regard to toxin concentration and time of exposure to AFB1 in experimental fish, different degree of skin lesions (simple hemorrhage to progressive wounds) were observed in different parts of body especially in vent, caudal peduncle, fins, and head. "Yellow sores" on head and trunk regions are considerable and led to deterioration of appearance. Prevalence of skin lesion in different treatments was 8 -53.3 %, which after stop feeding with toxic diets, 16 – 24 % healing observed.Haematological chenges included chronic anemia and lymphocytopenia.Also nutrophilia observed with increasing of skin lesions. Meat accumulation of AFB1 in different treatments is not so considerable and harmfull for human cunsumption, but is significantly different with control fishes(P〈0.01) Responses of experimental fishes to varying concentrations of aflatonix were investigated under controlled conditions. Fishes were fed diet containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100ppb AFB1/kg of diet for 3 months. Skin lesions evaluated through clinical observations. With regard to toxin concentration and time of exposure to AFB1 in experimental fish, different degree of skin lesions were observed in different parts of body. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney, spleen and gills of fish fed different level AFB1 and very wide range from congestion to necrosis. Progressive fat deposition, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis in liver, especially in concentration 75 and 100 AFB1/kg of diets after 4o days of feeding, emphasize the mentioned results .At the end of the 30 days exposure period , blood samples were taken from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected haematological parameters (haematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, total albumin, total albumin, ALT and AST).The derived haematological indices of MCH, MCVand MCHC were calculated. Alterations in serum levels of ALT and AST are liver specified and the significant reduction in total protein and albumin content observed in some experiments.There was no significant difference in SGR between experimental treatments but some differences observed in GR and FCR.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Huso huso ; AFB1 ; Growth ; Skin lesions ; Pathological changes ; Haematological changes ; Meat residue ; Acipenser stellatus ; Histopathological changes ; SGR ; FCR ; Aflatoxin ; Beluga
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  • 95
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25932 | 18721 | 2018-11-22 07:19:28 | 25932 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out to determine the influence of highly unsaturated fatty acid (EPA, DHA) enriched Artemianauplii on growth and survival of postlarvae of Litopeneausvannamei(PL-1 to PL-15) in Persian Gulf and Oman sea ecology research center of Bandar Abbas. A complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates using15 tanks containing 20 liters water each was chosen. The Artemianaupliiwere enriched with (0 to 4%) cod liver oil (treatments A to E) and the larvae were fed 6 times per day at 4 hours intervals. The postlarvae of treatment D which fed with Artemianauplii, 3% of enrichment significantly increased compared to other treatments (p〈0.05).The highest survival rate regarding treatment E postlarvae which fed with Artemianauplii, 4% enrichment However with treatment D (3%) and C (2%) no significant difference (p〉0.05) was found. The postlarvae of treatment control (A) which was fed with Artemianauplii that it was not enriched, had the lowest growth and survival rate.The present study demonstrated that the highly unsaturated fatty acid enriched Artemianaupliihas positive effect on enhancement of growth performance and survival rate of white leg shrimp postlarvae.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Fatty acid ; EPA ; DHA ; Artemia ; Growth ; Survival ; White leg shrimp ; Litopeneaus vannamei ; Postlarvae
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  • 96
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25951 | 18721 | 2018-11-22 07:24:00 | 25951 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of initial stocking density of red algae Gracilaropsis persica and Gracilaria corticata on the growth and biomass production of these species. Three stocking densities of 50 gm^-1, 125 gm^-1 and 200 gm^-1 were used and algae cultivated in Persian Gulf (Bandar Abbas) in winter for 45 days. Algae collected from natural environment and cultivated on poly ethylene rope in the sea.Relative growth rate (RGR) and total biomass were measured fortnightly. Temperature, salinity, pH and nutrients (nitrate, nitrite and phosphate) were measured during the trial. The result of the present study showed that there were significant differences in growth rate between different treatments in both species (P〈0.05). Algae that cultivated with 50 gm-1 initial stocking density had the highest relative growth rate in both species. At the end of 45-day trial, total biomass was the highest in 200 gm^-1 treatment (P〈0.05). Furthermore, the present study showed that the growth rate of Gracilariopsis persica was higher than Gracilaria corticata. The results of the present study showed that stocking density is able to affect the growth of red algae Gracilariopsis persica and Gracilaria corticata and Gracilariopsis persica have higher growth rate and better potential of commercial culture in the Persian Gulf compared to Gracilaria corticata.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Density ; Growth ; Gracilariopsis ; Gracilariopsis persica ; Gracilaria corticata ; Algae ; Biomass
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: A 30-day research was conducted to evaluate the effects of different feeding rate (formulated diet) (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of wet body weight/day) and also fresh food (20% of wet body weight/day) on growth performance and feed utilization of Sparidentex hasta fry in nursery phase. Growth performance including final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing feeding rate (p〈0.05). The relationship between SGR (% per day) and ration level (% per day) was an asymptotic curve described as SGR = 0.2809X+1.4191. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) decreased significantly with increasing ration levels, and the relationship between FER and ration level (% per day) described as FER =-0.0586X+1.3184. Hepatosomatic index significantly increased with increasing feeding rate (p〈0.05). Based on the above results, it may be concluded that a ration size of 8% of body weight per day is optimal for good growth and feed conversion efficiency of juvenile S. hasta in nursery phase.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Feeding rate ; Nursery phase ; Growth indices ; Sobaity seabream ; Growth ; Feed ; Sparidentex hasta
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  • 98
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25987 | 18721 | 2018-10-19 17:27:54 | 25987 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The effects of nitrate (750-2250 mg/L), phosphate (20-60 mg/L) and photoperiod (8-24 h) on the growth, chlorophyll content and lipid yield of Chlorella vulgaris were studied using central composite design (CCD) method. The second-order quadratic model was used to predict the effects of input variables on the output responses and the results were verified by F test, ANOVA and regression analyses. Results showed that maximum growth (255.88 ×106 ) as well as highest chlorophyll content (15.34%) were observed at 16 h of light, 1500 mg/L of nitrate and 40 mg/L of phosphate concentration. Also, condition of 24 h of light, 750 mg/L nitrate and 20 mg/L phosphate concentrations resulted in maximum percent of lipid content (17.74%). The optimization of culture condition for simultaneous achievement of highest levels of growth, chlorophyll and lipid content were investigated.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Environmental and nutritional conditions ; Chlorella vulgaris ; Biochemical components ; Optimization ; Growth ; Lipid ; Chlorophyll ; Phosphate ; Photoperiod ; CCD
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  • 99
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25253 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:53:45 | 25253 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Acipenser persicus, one of the native Species living in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, has high Percentage of larval mortality. Therefor to decrease the rate of mortality of larvae survival and to increase to regenerate properly during the active feeding process of fish larvae, while under artificial reproduction they were fed withe fresh water rotifer. Four types of feeding treatments were applied as follow: Treatment 1: Similar to normal process, first withe Artemia cyst then withe Daphnia Treatment 2: Mixture of Artemia, Rotifer and Daphnia; Treatment 3 freshwater Rotifera ;Treatment 4: fresh water Rotifer enriched with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid- 6- Palmytat).Three replicates were used for each treatment. In the process of each observation 45 larvae in containers withe 100 liter capacity filled with 30 liters of water, after 8 days of external feeding process, were inspected closely, during which , they were under biometric measurement once every two days. Larvae were fed Four times a day at a rate of 25% of their body weight. The average temperature estimation was 22.5±0.5 centigrade, pH .of water being 85±0.1 while Oxygen proved to be 9.58±0.2 mg/l. At the end of the observation, the profile fatty acids of the remains were studied. The growth factors, the mouth size of the larvae and the expansion of the mouth size compared to the total length of the larvae during the whole observation were inspected. Credibility of data designated was examined by Shapiro Wilks test. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight growth (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were contemplated by one-way analysis test, and significant difference Tukey's test. The most notable diversity was evident between treatment 2, whose indicative factors were in the following order: 4.65± 0.06, 45.18±0.66, 4/48 ± 0/07 and treatment 4 whose indicative factors showed the following results: 10.47±0.04, 124.42±0.62, 1.51±0/008.For the determination of fatness rate and weight gains, Kruskal Valis and Man vit ni test were used .In this part of study , the highest diversity fatness appeared to be between treatment 4 ,reflecting 0.79±0.07 and treatment 2 showing the result 0.62±0.05.The highest gain was related to treatment 4, whit the rate of 99.33±0/68 mgr and the lowest gain occurred in treatment 2 white the rate 62.36 ± 0.65 mgr. This study also revealed that, the survival ratio connected with treatments 3 and 4, compared treatments 1 and 2, were significantly different. The profile of fatty acids also showed much higher percentage of PUFA and HUFA in treatments 3 and 4, than those in other treatments. Furthermore Brachionus calyciflorus proved to be a proper food supply for larvae. Therefore by building suitable pools next to the work side, other kinds of species fresh water rotifer could also be used as food improvements for feeding larvae.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Brachionus calyciflorus ; Acipenser persicus ; Fatty acid ; Larvae culture ; Vitamin C ; Larval survival ; Species ; Mortality ; Feeding ; Artemia ; Cyst ; Ascorbic acid ; Oxygen ; Growth ; SGR ; FCR ; Fresh water
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  • 100
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25649 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:09:48 | 25649 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted for the first time and the effects of probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the first step, after the purification of the isolated bacteria, probiotic properties in vitro was assessed with injection to healthy fish and challenge with three species of pathogenic bacteria in culture media. The second phase of the bacteria isolated in 5 treatments (log 7, 8 and 9 of the lactic bacteria (LAB), Vibrio sp and Pseudomonas sp) and a control treatment on growth and survival, hematological parameters (RBC and WBC cells), immunology and physiology parameters tested during the 60 days of the above parameters after 30 and 60 days and finally at the end, the final assessment was Streptococcosis resistance in fish. The results showed that the isolated bacteria were able to enhance the growth parameters (weight, feed conversion, feed fat, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate) and survival. The results showed that log 8 LAB was significant difference with other treatments and control. When using log 8 LAB and Vibrio, the MCV, MCH and MCHC were decreased with no significant difference. The log 8 has the greatest effect on the amount of liver enzyme (AST), IgM and complement component C3, and had significant difference with other treatments. The challenge examination to Streptococcus iniae showed the highest survival in treatments with log 8 (96.66%), and Vibrio (93.33%) and then subjected to other treatments and control are also the least survival (25.38%). The conclusion of that study is the first probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from trout to changes in quality indicators are in particular the LAB bacteria and the second log 8 of LAB had significant positive of changes development and safety, and the fish are resistanted against Streptococcosis.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; LAB ; Rainbow trout ; Growth ; Immune system ; Streptococcosis ; Bacterial ; Oncorhynchus mykis ; Pathogenic ; Survival ; Hematological parameters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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