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  • 1
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    Changes of digestive enzymes activity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during larval ontogeny (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was aimed to gain knowledge on the ontogeny of digestive enzymes in common carp larvae at the governmental Warm water Fish Aquaculture Center of Shahid Rajaee in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. The ontogenetic development of pancreatic (trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and α-amylase) and intestinal (alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase-N) enzymes were assessed in common carp larvae from first feeding (3 days post hatching) to 33 days post hatching (dph). The larvae started to feed on rotifers at day 3 to day 7. Feeding on a commercial diet was started from day-8 onwards. Specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activities feed with rotifer were 0.011 U/mg protein and 0.003 U/mg protein at day 7, respectively then the specific activities feed with dry food reached a maximum level at 33 dph (0.028 U/mg protein and 0.028 U/mg protein, respectively) (P〈0.05) compared to live prey. The elevated alkaline proteases activity can be related to adaptation of larvae to digest protein content in the food. Specific lipase activity was 0.0006 U/mg protein at 7 dph then the activity feed with dry food reached a maximum level at 15 dph (0.0011 U/mg protein) (P〈0.05) compared to live prey. Specific α-amylase activity feed with rotifer was 85.86 U/mg protein on the 7 dph consequently, its specific activity reached a maximum level at 15 dph (128.77 U/mg protein) (P〈0.05). Specific alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N activities feed with rotifer were 6 U/mg protein and 0.0106 U/mg protein at day 7, respectively then the specific activities feed with dry food reached a maximum level at 33 dph (28.66 U/mg protein and 0.58 U/mg protein, respectively) (P〈0.05) compared to live prey.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Cyprinus carpio ; Common carp ; Pancreatic enzymes ; Larval growth ; Digestive enzymes ; Ontogeny ; Enzymes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.320-334
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  • 2
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    Apparent lipid and fatty acid digestion, retention of lipid and growth performance in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) fry fed dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and vitamin E interaction on growth, apparent digestibility, apparent retention and utilization of lipid in Caspian salmon fry. Six experimental diets combining three different dietary levels of n-3 HUFAs (L: low: 1+0.5, DHA+EPA, M: medium 2+1, DHA+EPA, H: high 4+2 DHA +EPA g/100g diet) with two different levels of vitamin E (L: low 300 and H: high 1000 mg/kg diet): LL, LH, ML, MH, HL and HH (HUFA/vitamin E) were investigated. Fry with initial mean (±SD) body weight of 600 ± 25 (mg) were randomly distributed in tanks and fed to apparent satiation. Increase in dietary HUFA and vitamin E markedly improved larval growth. The results showed that the survival of Caspian salmon fry was not affected by dietary omega-3 HUFA and vitamin E. C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 fatty acids content of polar and neutral lipids positively correlated with their concentration on diets. Apparent digestibility and apparent retention of total lipid was significantly affected by dietary HUFA. The results showed that n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E had positive effects on growth performance, lipid metabolism and apparent digestibility of Caspian salmon fry.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Caspian Salmon ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Lipid digestibility ; Highly unsaturated fatty acids ; Fatty Acid ; Lipid ; Performance ; Growth ; Fry ; Fed ; Dietary ; Vitamin E
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.74-90
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  • 3
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    Growth response and tail-muscle fatty acid quality of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed with diets containing different levels of rice protein concentrate (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effect of five isonitrogenous diets (36.6% protein), formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal (FM) with rice protein concentrate (RPC), was investigated on the growth and tail-muscle fatty acid (FA) quality of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The feeds were fed to shrimp (initial weight of 6.99 ± 0.08 g) five times daily to apparent satiation for 60 days. Final weight of shrimp fed with FM, 25 and 50% RPC was higher than that of shrimp fed with 75 and 100% RPC. Survival in shrimp was not significantly affected by dietary protein source and level (p〉0.05). Regarding FAs, ∑n6 and PUFA increased significantly as the RPC levels increased, but the n-3/n-6 ratio, EPA+DHA, MUFA, SFA and ∑n3 were significantly declined (p〈0.05). However, tail-muscle FA composition reflected the inclusion of plant protein. Lipid quality indices (AI and TI) showed significant variation, but were very favourable for the consumers’ health. The present study suggests that RPC can replace FM up to 50% in diets for L. vannamei with no significant effect on the growth, but a decreasing trend in quality of tail-muscle FAs was observed when the RPC level increased.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Pacific white shrimp ; Fish meal ; Fatty acids ; Growth ; Rice protein concentrate ; Tail-muscle ; Quality ; Protein ; Fed ; Diets
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.188-200
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  • 4
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    Ontogenetic changes in lipids, fatty acid, and body composition during larval stages of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Body composition and fatty acid profile of the body tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fish larvae were determined from fertilized egg to 50 days post hatching (dph). Feeding with rotifer started from day 3 to day 7 thereafter they were fed with dry food until the end of the experiment. The changes observed in lipid content and the decrease in lipid levels during larval ontogeny reflect the utilization and mobilization of lipids during both embryogenesis and larvae development. During this study, palmitic and stearic acids were the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SAFA).In kutum larvae, no utilization of palmitic and stearic acids was observed until 20 dph. It thereafter was utilized as an energy source. Oleic and palmitoleic cacids were the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Oleic and palmitoleic acids utilized until 10 and 25 dph, respectively thereafter they increased. DHA, EPA and ARA were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The decrease in levels of DHA and EPA denotes their utilization as an energy substrate by kutum larvae. ARA decreased during larval ontogeny, reflecting dietary values. With regard to reared kutum larvae in fresh water and the low levels of HUFA in larval diet, it can be said that kutum larvae possibly are quite capable of elongating and desaturating C18 to C20 PUFA. In case of proximate analysis, the percentage of body protein and ash increased trend during ontogeny while the percentage of body lipid and moisture decreased trend during larval growth.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Caspian Kutum ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Fatty acids ; SAFA ; MUFA ; PUFA ; Composition ; Larval ; Body composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.365-383
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  • 5
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    Effected by dietary nucleotide on changes in intestinal morphology, growth and fatty acid profile of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of dietary nucleotide (0.2%) on the growth, intestinal morphology as well as fatty acid profile of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated in Bushehr province (Delvar) for a 5-week feeding trial. The experiment was carried out in triplicate in circular PVC tanks of 300L capacity. Each tank was randomly filled with 25 shrimps weighting on average 3.21±0.03g. Added dietary nucleotide significantly improved growth factors such as 10% weight increase, 7.97% increase in specific growth rate (SGR), 11.32% increase in protein efficiency ratio (PER), 9.64% decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and 14:1n5, 20:3n3 and DHA fatty acids. However, no significant differences were evident in survival, carapace length gain, daily feed consumption and saturate fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, n-3/n-6 as well as EPA+DHA fatty acids between the two treatments. Intestine epithelium cells height (IECH) in the abdominal first section were significantly higher in shrimp fed by dietary nucleotide.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nucleotides ; Shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Dietary ; Morphology ; Growth ; Fatty Acid ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1-10
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  • 6
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    Interactions of dietary selenium and fat on fatty acid compositions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of dietary selenium and fat on fatty acid compositions of rainbow trout tissues. We formulated six experimental diets by addition of two fat levels (15 and 30%) and three selenium levels (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2mg/kg) to a basal diet, according to a 3x2 factorial design. Juvenile rainbow trout with initial weights of 6.99g were assigned to 18 tanks with 300L capacity each containing 25 fish, with three replicates for each diet. The result showed that unsaturated fatty acid and tissue oxidation rate increased with an increase in fat content of the diets. Addition of dietary selenium increased enzyme of Glutathione (GSH-Px) activity and at high-fat diet (30% fat), selenium addition improved polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions by depression of oxidation rate. However, inclusion of high dose of selenium (0.2mg/kg) had a negative impact on the Arachidonic and Eicosapentaenoic acids. In conclusion, dietary selenium supplementation can preserve fatty acid quality by controlling fatty acid oxidation at high-fat diet. The results obtained from the current study suggest that rainbow trout at high-fat diet requires 0.15mg/kg selenium to reduce oxidation level.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout ; Glutathione ; Interactions ; Dietary ; Selenium ; Fatty Acid ; Fat ; Compositions ; Tissues ; Oxidation ; Diets
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.107-116
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  • 7
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    Effected by dietary nucleotide on changes in intestinal Morphology, growth and fatty acid profile of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21861 | 18721 | 2018-01-15 06:16:56 | 21861 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The effects of dietary nucleotide (0.2%) on the growth, intestinal morphology as well as fatty acid profile of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated in Bushehr province (Delvar) for a 5-week feeding trial. The experiment was carried out in triplicate in circular PVC tanks of 300L capacity. Each tank was randomly filled with 25 shrimps weighting on average 3.21±0.03g. Added dietary nucleotide significantly improved growth factors such as 10% weight increase, 7.97% increase in specific growth rate (SGR), 11.32% increase in protein efficiency ratio (PER), 9.64% decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and 14:1n5, 20:3n3 and DHA fatty acids. However, no significant differences were evident in survival, carapace length gain, daily feed consumption and saturate fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, n-3/n-6 as well as EPA+DHA fatty acids between the two treatments. Intestine epithelium cells height (IECH) in the abdominal first section were significantly higher in shrimp fed by dietary nucleotide.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Nucleotide ; Fatty acid ; Feeding ; Growth ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Iran ; morphology ; whiteleg shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-10
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  • 8
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    Apparent lipid and fatty acid digestion, retention of lipid and growth performance in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) fry fed dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21965 | 18721 | 2018-01-18 09:46:13 | 21965 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and vitamin E interaction on growth, apparent digestibility, apparent retention and utilization of lipid in Caspian salmon fry. Six experimental diets combining three different dietary levels of n-3 HUFAs (L: low: 1+0.5, DHA+EPA, M: medium 2+1, DHA+EPA, H: high 4+2 DHA +EPA g/100g diet) with two different levels of vitamin E (L: low 300 and H: high 1000 mg/kg diet): LL, LH, ML, MH, HL and HH (HUFA/vitamin E) were investigated. Fry with initial mean (±SD) body weight of 600 ± 25 (mg) were randomly distributed in tanks and fed to apparent satiation. Increase in dietary HUFA and vitamin E markedly improved larval growth. The results showed that the survival of Caspian salmon fry was not affected by dietary omega-3 HUFA and vitamin E. C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 fatty acids content of polar and neutral lipids positively correlated with their concentration on diets. Apparent digestibility and apparent retention of total lipid was significantly affected by dietary HUFA. The results showed that n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E had positive effects on growth performance, lipid metabolism and apparent digestibility of Caspian salmon fry.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Caspian salmon ; Highly unsaturated fatty acids ; Lipid ; digestibility ; Vitamin E ; Salmo trutta caspius ; dietary ; fed ; growth ; performance ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 74-90
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  • 9
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    Ontogenetic changes in lipids, fatty acid, and body composition during larval stages of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22693 | 18721 | 2018-05-16 17:55:10 | 22693 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Body composition and fatty acid profile of the body tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fish larvae were determined from fertilized egg to 50 days post hatching (dph). Feeding with rotifer started from day 3 to day 7 thereafter they were fed with dry food until the end of the experiment. The changes observed in lipid content and the decrease in lipid levels during larval ontogeny reflect the utilization and mobilization of lipids during both embryogenesis and larvae development. During this study, palmitic and stearic acids were the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SAFA). In kutum larvae, no utilization of palmitic and stearic acids was observed until 20 dph. It thereafter was utilized as an energy source. Oleic and palmitoleic cacids were the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Oleic and palmitoleic acids utilized until 10 and 25 dph, respectively thereafter they increased. DHA, EPA and ARA were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The decrease in levels of DHA and EPA denotes their utilization as an energy substrate by kutum larvae. ARA decreased during larval ontogeny, reflecting dietary values. With regard to reared kutum larvae in fresh water and the low levels of HUFA in larval diet, it can be said that kutum larvae possibly are quite capable of elongating and desaturating C18 to C20 PUFA. In case of proximate analysis, the percentage of body protein and ash increased trend during ontogeny while the percentage of body lipid and moisture decreased trend during larval growth.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; fatty acid ; SAFA ; MUFA ; PUFA ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 365-383
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  • 10
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    Effects of using Artemia urmiana enriched with N-3 HUFA in first feeding of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21678 | 17408 | 2017-11-27 10:16:29 | 21678 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Effects of using n-3 HUFA-enriched Artemia and non-enriched Artemia as the starter food for growth and survival of rainbow trout larvae compared to commercial concentrated food were investigated in this study. The larvae with average weight of 92.9 mg were fed for 20 days with four food treatments included of commercial concentrated food, newly hatched Artemia, enriched Artemia, and mixture of enriched Artemia and concentrated food. At the end of experiment, the highest weight gain percentage was 104.4% in those larvae fed with enriched Artemia (p〈 0.05). The highest survival rate was 96.5 % observed in larvae fed with mixture of enriched Artemia and commercial concentrated food (P〈0.05). Larvae of third treatment that were fed with enriched Artemia with a survival rate of 98.9 %±1.9 under stress condition of low pH and survival rate of 66.5%±3.7 under stress condition of higher pH in rearing environment, were the most resistant larvae against stress resulting from pH fluctuation (P〈0.05). Meanwhile the highest resistance against stress, resulting from temperature changes, was seen in larvae of the third and fourth treatment with survival rate of 77.8% at 24°C respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Artemia urmiana ; Enriched ; N-3 ; HUFA ; Feeding ; Rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 123-129
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