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  • 1
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    Biological control of aquatic weeds by Grass Carp in Kelvin River (Scotland) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Biological control of aquatic weeds has raised much interest because of the sudden and often short-lasting effects of mechanical and chemical controls. The use of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is mainly for the production of food and control of aquatic weeds. The aims of this study were to assess the degree and duration of weed control achieved at two stocking densities (150 and 250 kg ha-1) and to determine the change of fish size and their survival in Kelvin River. Analysis of variance showed that both stocking densities of grass carp caused a significant (p 〈 0.001) reduction of aquatic weeds. Results showed that free floating and submerged weeds by their soft tissues are often regarded as amongst the palatable species than emergent and floating-leaved species. Experimental results showed that about 60% fish survival with substantial weed reduction by the end of first year after releasing. Results showed that the average weight of grass carp in both 150 and 250 kg ha-1 at l, 2, and 3 years after releasing were 930, 1680, 2350, and 840, 1550, and 2200 grams respectively. Experimental results showed that weeds control by grass carp is temperature dependent and, to be effective, requires water temperature in excess of 16ᵒC for at least three months of the year.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Mechanical ; Chemical ; Aquatic ; Weeds ; Grass Carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Size ; Survival ; Tissue ; Species ; Weight ; Temperature
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.53-64
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  • 2
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    Toxicity determination of three sturgeon species exposed to glyphosate (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Glyphosate, N–(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been widely used to control agricultural weeds in the north of Iran. However, it is also supposed to have adverse effects on natural sturgeon population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute toxicity of glyphosate to three different sturgeon species (Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus, and A. persicus) under laboratory conditions. Fish were exposed to one of ten glyphosate concentrations (10 to 100 mg l–1 with 10 mg l–1 intervals), along with a control group. The values of the median lethal concentration (LC50) for each experimental species were estimated using a standard probit regression analyses after each 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 168 hours as exposure times. Results showed that increase in glyphosate exposure times up to 168 hours was simultaneous to decrease of the lethal concentration (LC50). 96–h LC50 of glyphosate for H. huso , A. stellatus and A . persicus were 26.4, 23.2 and 27.5 mg l–1, respectively. Glyphosate exhibited a slight to moderate toxicity in sturgeon species . However, it may negatively affect the natural population of sturgeons through decreasing of fry mass, smaller size of yolk sac and the initiation of unsafe behaviors.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Acipenser stellatus ; Persicus ; Glyphosate ; Sturgeon ; Toxicity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.383-392
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  • 3
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    Environmental factors affecting Agar extraction from Grarcilaria corticata in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar-e-Lengeh (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of environmental factors and season on agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata were investigated for the period 19931094 in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf. Water temperature, water salinity and ammonia and phosphate ions were measured monthly. Mean temperature was found to be 27.8 centigrade, mean salinity was 36.38 PPT., mean amonnia ions was 0.154mgi1 and mean phosphate ions was 0.029mgi1 . After harvesting, Gracilaria were dried and weighed and subjected to the alkali agar extraction method. Maximum and minimum agar yield were obtained in August and December with 10.01% and 5.44% respectively. There was a significant correlation between agar yield, biomass and ammonium fertility. Results showed that the maximum agar yield from Gracilaria was obtained in March and August.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria corticata ; Environmental Factors ; Agar ; Amonnia ; Ions ; Phosphate ions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.81-88
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  • 4
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    Environmental factors affecting Agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar-e-Lengeh (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of environmental factors and season on agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata were investigated for the period 1993-94 in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf. Water temperature, water salinity and ammonia and phosphate ions were measured monthly. Mean temperature was found to be 27.8 centigrade, mean salinity was 36.38 PPT., mean ammonia ions was 0.154mg/l and mean phosphate ions was 0.029mg/l . After harvesting, Gracilaria were dried and weighed and subjected to the alkali agar extraction method. Maximum and minimum agar yield were obtained in August and December with 10.01% and 5.44% respectively. There was a significant correlation between agar yield, biomass and ammonium fertility. Results showed that the maximum agar yield from Gracilaria was obtained in March and August.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental factors ; Agar ; Gracilaria corticata ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Ammonia ; Phosphate ; Biomass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.81-88
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  • 5
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    Investigating effects of the excessive growth of aquatic plants on water quality in Anzali Lagoon, south-western Caspian Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, excessive growth in submerged aquatic plants such as Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and Pondweed (Potamogeton spp.), floating-leaved species such as Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and free-floating species such as Water Fern (Azolla filiculoides) in Anzali Lagoon was observed. We studied effects of excessive growth of these plants on water quality in Anzali Lagoon over the years 1998-2000. Assessed the possible effects of canopy formation and growing sites of these plants on habitat of aquatic animals was studied too. We showed that dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), pH and water temperature are associated with the growth and distribution of the aquatic plants, and established a significant relationship between vertical DO, pH and water temperature and location of canopy of these plants in the water column. Also, an increase in the amount of DO and pH in areas around the canopy and under it for submerged plants observed. This was not the case for floating-leaved and free-floating aquatic plants. The higher water turbulence in areas free from aquatic plants increased DO in lower layers of water column compared to areas covered with aquatic plants. We related the amount of DO and pH of water to growth form in aquatic plants that determines location of canopy formation in these plants. Contrary to the location of canopy and growing site factors, the extent of growth of these plants did not show an effect on DO and pH of water.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Growth ; Aquatic plants ; Water quality ; Coontail ; Ceratophyllum demersum ; Pondweed ; Potamogeton spp. ; Lotus ; Nelumbo nucifera ; Fern ; Azolla filiculoides ; Dissolved oxygen ; DO ; pH ; Temperature
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.139-150
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  • 6
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    Toxicity determination of three sturgeon species exposed to glyphosate (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22430 | 18721 | 2018-04-09 17:46:15 | 22430 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Glyphosate, N–(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been widely used to control agricultural weeds in the north of Iran. However, it is also supposed to have adverse effects on natural sturgeon population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute toxicity of glyphosate to three different sturgeon species (Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus, and A. persicus) under laboratory conditions. Fish were exposed to one of ten glyphosate concentrations (10 to 100 mg l–1 with 10 mg l–1 intervals), along with a control group. The values of the median lethal concentration (LC50) for each experimental species were estimated using a standard probit regression analyses after each 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 168 hours as exposure times. Results showed that increase in glyphosate exposure times up to 168 hours was simultaneous to decrease of the lethal concentration (LC50). 96–h LC50 of glyphosate for H. huso , A. stellatus and A . persicus were 26.4, 23.2 and 27.5 mg l–1, respectively. Glyphosate exhibited a slight to moderate toxicity in sturgeon species . However, it may negatively affect the natural population of sturgeons through decreasing of fry mass, smaller size of yolk sac and the initiation of unsafe behaviors.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Glyphosate ; Sturgeon ; Toxicity ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 383-392
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  • 7
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    Food preference and growth of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844) fed some aquatic and terrestrial plants (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23160 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 23:11:47 | 23160 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The present study was carried out to examine 6 plants including aquatic and terrestrial plants on food preference and growth of grass carp. 7 experimental treatments with three replicates were considered. The experimental treatments were ponds containing T1: M. spicatum, T2: C. demersum, T3: A. filiculoides, T4: L. minor, T5: C. dactylon, T6: M. sativa and T7: M. Spicatum + C. demersum + A. filiculoides + L. minor + C. dactylon + M. sativa. 12 grass carps (20 g) were added to each experimental pond. After 5 months, the fish body composition was assessed. According to results, the higher values of fish weight gain rate were obtained in treatments T4 (3.13 g), T6 (2.93 g) and T1 (2.95 g) compared to other experimental groups (p〈0.05). Also, the highest percentage of body protein and lipid content were observed in T4 and T1. In addition, the biomass and percentage of examined plants decreased after delivery of grass carps to each pond over the course of the experiment, but higher decreases were recorded for T4 and T1. The mean values of relative growth rate were higher in T4 and mixture of all plants (p〈0.05). Also, the highest fish biomass was recorded in T1 and T4 (p〈0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that T4 and T1 have higher adaptability compared to other examined plants in the present study and these two plants could be used for feeding grass carp in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Food preference ; Aquatic plant ; Growth ; Grass carp ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1278-1286
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  • 8
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    Biological control of aquatic weeds by grass carp in Kelvin River (Scotland) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24014 | 18721 | 2018-08-02 16:46:19 | 24014 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Biological control of aquatic weeds has raised much interest because of the sudden and often short-lasting effects of mechanical and chemical controls. The use of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is mainly for the production of food and control of aquatic weeds. The aims of this study were to assess the degree and duration of weed control achieved at two stocking densities (150 and 250 kg ha-1) and to determine the change of fish size and their survival in Kelvin River. Analysis of variance showed that both stocking densities of grass carp caused a significant (p 〈 0.001) reduction of aquatic weeds. Results showed that free floating and submerged weeds by their soft tissues are often regarded as amongst the palatable species than emergent and floating-leaved species. Experimental results showed that about 60% fish survival with substantial weed reduction by the end of first year after releasing. Results showed that the average weight of grass carp in both 150 and 250 kg ha-1 at l, 2, and 3 years after releasing were 930, 1680, 2350, and 840, 1550, and 2200 grams respectively. Experimental results showed that weeds control by grass carp is temperature dependent and, to be effective, requires water temperature in excess of 16ᵒC for at least three months of the year.
    Keywords: Biology ; Biological control ; Aquatic weeds ; Grass Carp ; Survival ; Kelvin River ; Scotland
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 53-64
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  • 9
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    Investigating effects of the excessive growth of aquatic plants on water quality in Anzali Lagoon, south-western Caspian Sea (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24255 | 18721 | 2018-08-03 13:25:34 | 24255 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: In this study, excessive growth in submerged aquatic plants such as Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and Pondweed (Potamogeton spp.), floating-leaved species such as Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and free-floating species such as Water Fern (Azolla filiculoides) in Anzali Lagoon was observed. We studied effects of excessive growth of these plants on water quality in Anzali Lagoon over the years 1998-2000. Assessed the possible effects of canopy formation and growing sites of these plants on habitat of aquatic animals was studied too. We showed that dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), pH and water temperature are associated with the growth and distribution of the aquatic plants, and established a significant relationship between vertical DO, pH and water temperature and location of canopy of these plants in the water column. Also, an increase in the amount of DO and pH in areas around the canopy and under it for submerged plants observed. This was not the case for floating-leaved and free-floating aquatic plants. The higher water turbulence in areas free from aquatic plants increased DO in lower layers of water column compared to areas covered with aquatic plants. We related the amount of DO and pH of water to growth form in aquatic plants that determines location of canopy formation in these plants. Contrary to the location of canopy and growing site factors, the extent of growth of these plants did not show an effect on DO and pH of water.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Aquatic plants ; Water quality ; Anzali Lagoon ; South-western Caspian Sea ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 139-150
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  • 10
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    Environmental factors affecting agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar-e-Lengeh (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24697 | 18721 | 2018-08-04 15:54:05 | 24697 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effects of environmental factors and season on agar extraction from Gracilaria corticata were investigated for the period 1993-94 in the coastal areas of Persian Gulf. Water temperature, water salinity and ammonia and phosphate ions were measured monthly. Mean temperature was found to be 27.8 centigrade, mean salinity was 36.38 PPT., mean ammonia ions was 0.154mg/l and mean phosphate ions was 0.029mg/l . After harvesting, Gracilaria were dried and weighed and subjected to the alkali agar extraction method. Maximum and minimum agar yield were obtained in August and December with 10.01% and 5.44% respectively. There was a significant correlation between agar yield, biomass and ammonium fertility. Results showed that the maximum agar yield from Gracilaria was obtained in March and August.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Gracilaria corticata ; Agar ; Environmental factors ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 81-88
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