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  • Phylogeny  (52)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2000-2004  (52)
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  • 2004  (20)
  • 2002  (18)
  • 2000  (14)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer  (5)
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  • 2000-2004  (52)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
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    Complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: The 2,272,351-base pair genome of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 (serogroup B), a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 (53.7%) of which were assigned a biological role. Three major islands of horizontal DNA transfer were identified; two of these contain genes encoding proteins involved in pathogenicity, and the third island contains coding sequences only for hypothetical proteins. Insights into the commensal and virulence behavior of N. meningitidis can be gleaned from the genome, in which sequences for structural proteins of the pilus are clustered and several coding regions unique to serogroup B capsular polysaccharide synthesis can be identified. Finally, N. meningitidis contains more genes that undergo phase variation than any pathogen studied to date, a mechanism that controls their expression and contributes to the evasion of the host immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tettelin, H -- Saunders, N J -- Heidelberg, J -- Jeffries, A C -- Nelson, K E -- Eisen, J A -- Ketchum, K A -- Hood, D W -- Peden, J F -- Dodson, R J -- Nelson, W C -- Gwinn, M L -- DeBoy, R -- Peterson, J D -- Hickey, E K -- Haft, D H -- Salzberg, S L -- White, O -- Fleischmann, R D -- Dougherty, B A -- Mason, T -- Ciecko, A -- Parksey, D S -- Blair, E -- Cittone, H -- Clark, E B -- Cotton, M D -- Utterback, T R -- Khouri, H -- Qin, H -- Vamathevan, J -- Gill, J -- Scarlato, V -- Masignani, V -- Pizza, M -- Grandi, G -- Sun, L -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Moxon, E R -- Rappuoli, R -- Venter, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1809-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Bacterial Capsules/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology ; Meningococcal Infections/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neisseria meningitidis/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Open Reading Frames ; Operon ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehal, Paramvir -- Satou, Yutaka -- Campbell, Robert K -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Degnan, Bernard -- De Tomaso, Anthony -- Davidson, Brad -- Di Gregorio, Anna -- Gelpke, Maarten -- Goodstein, David M -- Harafuji, Naoe -- Hastings, Kenneth E M -- Ho, Isaac -- Hotta, Kohji -- Huang, Wayne -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Lemaire, Patrick -- Martinez, Diego -- Meinertzhagen, Ian A -- Necula, Simona -- Nonaka, Masaru -- Putnam, Nik -- Rash, Sam -- Saiga, Hidetoshi -- Satake, Masanobu -- Terry, Astrid -- Yamada, Lixy -- Wang, Hong-Gang -- Awazu, Satoko -- Azumi, Kaoru -- Boore, Jeffrey -- Branno, Margherita -- Chin-Bow, Stephen -- DeSantis, Rosaria -- Doyle, Sharon -- Francino, Pilar -- Keys, David N -- Haga, Shinobu -- Hayashi, Hiroko -- Hino, Kyosuke -- Imai, Kaoru S -- Inaba, Kazuo -- Kano, Shungo -- Kobayashi, Kenji -- Kobayashi, Mari -- Lee, Byung-In -- Makabe, Kazuhiro W -- Manohar, Chitra -- Matassi, Giorgio -- Medina, Monica -- Mochizuki, Yasuaki -- Mount, Steve -- Morishita, Tomomi -- Miura, Sachiko -- Nakayama, Akie -- Nishizaka, Satoko -- Nomoto, Hisayo -- Ohta, Fumiko -- Oishi, Kazuko -- Rigoutsos, Isidore -- Sano, Masako -- Sasaki, Akane -- Sasakura, Yasunori -- Shoguchi, Eiichi -- Shin-i, Tadasu -- Spagnuolo, Antoinetta -- Stainier, Didier -- Suzuki, Miho M -- Tassy, Olivier -- Takatori, Naohito -- Tokuoka, Miki -- Yagi, Kasumi -- Yoshizaki, Fumiko -- Wada, Shuichi -- Zhang, Cindy -- Hyatt, P Douglas -- Larimer, Frank -- Detter, Chris -- Doggett, Norman -- Glavina, Tijana -- Hawkins, Trevor -- Richardson, Paul -- Lucas, Susan -- Kohara, Yuji -- Levine, Michael -- Satoh, Nori -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2157-67.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cellulose/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Ciona intestinalis/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Computational Biology ; Endocrine System/physiology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Genes ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genome ; Heart/embryology/physiology ; Immunity/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Organizers, Embryonic/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity ; Thyroid Gland/physiology ; Urochordata/genetics ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Comparative genome sequencing for discovery of novel polymorphisms in Bacillus anthracis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Comparison of the whole-genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a victim of a recent bioterrorist anthrax attack with a reference reveals 60 new markers that include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), inserted or deleted sequences, and tandem repeats. Genome comparison detected four high-quality SNPs between the two sequenced B. anthracis chromosomes and seven differences among different preparations of the reference genome. These markers have been tested on a collection of anthrax isolates and were found to divide these samples into distinct families. These results demonstrate that genome-based analysis of microbial pathogens will provide a powerful new tool for investigation of infectious disease outbreaks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Timothy D -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Pop, Mihai -- Shumway, Martin -- Umayam, Lowell -- Jiang, Lingxia -- Holtzapple, Erik -- Busch, Joseph D -- Smith, Kimothy L -- Schupp, James M -- Solomon, Daniel -- Keim, Paul -- Fraser, Claire M -- R01-LM06845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2028-33. Epub 2002 May 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA., Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax/microbiology ; Bacillus anthracis/classification/*genetics/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Base Sequence ; Bioterrorism ; Chromosome Inversion ; Computational Biology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Humans ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion ; Species Specificity ; Transposases/genetics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-07
    Description: We have applied "whole-genome shotgun sequencing" to microbial populations collected en masse on tangential flow and impact filters from seawater samples collected from the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. A total of 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence was generated, annotated, and analyzed to elucidate the gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms within these environmental samples. These data are estimated to derive from at least 1800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness, including 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. We have identified over 1.2 million previously unknown genes represented in these samples, including more than 782 new rhodopsin-like photoreceptors. Variation in species present and stoichiometry suggests substantial oceanic microbial diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, J Craig -- Remington, Karin -- Heidelberg, John F -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Rusch, Doug -- Eisen, Jonathan A -- Wu, Dongying -- Paulsen, Ian -- Nelson, Karen E -- Nelson, William -- Fouts, Derrick E -- Levy, Samuel -- Knap, Anthony H -- Lomas, Michael W -- Nealson, Ken -- White, Owen -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Hoffman, Jeff -- Parsons, Rachel -- Baden-Tillson, Holly -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Smith, Hamilton O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):66-74. Epub 2004 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, 1901 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jcventer@tcag.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/*genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Computational Biology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genome, Archaeal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rhodopsins, Microbial ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The origins of genomic duplications in Arabidopsis (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-16
    Description: Large segmental duplications cover much of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Little is known about their origins. We show that they are primarily due to at least four different large-scale duplication events that occurred 100 to 200 million years ago, a formative period in the diversification of the angiosperms. A better understanding of the complex structural history of angiosperm genomes is necessary to make full use of Arabidopsis as a genetic model for other plant species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vision, T J -- Brown, D G -- Tanksley, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉USDA-ARS Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, 604 Rhodes Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. tv23@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Angiosperms/genetics ; Arabidopsis/classification/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Natural selection and parallel speciation in sympatric sticklebacks (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: Natural selection plays a fundamental role in most theories of speciation, but empirical evidence from the wild has been lacking. Here the post-Pleistocene radiation of threespine sticklebacks was used to infer natural selection in the origin of species. Populations of sticklebacks that evolved under different ecological conditions show strong reproductive isolation, whereas populations that evolved independently under similar ecological conditions lack isolation. Speciation has proceeded in this adaptive radiation in a repeatable fashion, ultimately as a consequence of adaptation to alternative environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rundle, H D -- Nagel, L -- Wenrick Boughman, J -- Schluter, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 14;287(5451):306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada. rundle@zoology.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10634785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; British Columbia ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Fishes/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Probability ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A MADS-box gene necessary for fruit ripening at the tomato ripening-inhibitor (rin) locus (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Tomato plants harboring the ripening-inhibitor (rin) mutation yield fruits that fail to ripen. Additionally, rin plants display enlarged sepals and loss of inflorescence determinacy. Positional cloning of the rin locus revealed two tandem MADS-box genes (LeMADS-RIN and LeMADS-MC), whose expression patterns suggested roles in fruit ripening and sepal development, respectively. The rin mutation alters expression of both genes. Gene repression and mutant complementation demonstrate that LeMADS-RIN regulates ripening, whereas LeMADS-MC affects sepal development and inflorescence determinacy. LeMADS-RIN demonstrates an agriculturally important function of plant MADS-box genes and provides molecular insight into nonhormonal (developmental) regulation of ripening.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vrebalov, Julia -- Ruezinsky, Diane -- Padmanabhan, Veeraragavan -- White, Ruth -- Medrano, Diana -- Drake, Rachel -- Schuch, Wolfgang -- Giovannoni, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):343-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant, Soil and Nutrition Lab and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Antisense ; DNA, Complementary ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Fruit/physiology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Lycopersicon esculentum/*genetics/*physiology ; MADS Domain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Plant Structures/genetics/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Evidence for DNA loss as a determinant of genome size (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-11
    Description: Eukaryotic genome sizes range over five orders of magnitude. This variation cannot be explained by differences in organismic complexity (the C value paradox). To test the hypothesis that some variation in genome size can be attributed to differences in the patterns of insertion and deletion (indel) mutations among organisms, this study examines the indel spectrum in Laupala crickets, which have a genome size 11 times larger than that of Drosophila. Consistent with the hypothesis, DNA loss is more than 40 times slower in Laupala than in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petrov, D A -- Sangster, T A -- Johnston, J S -- Hartl, D L -- Shaw, K L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1060-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University Society of Fellows, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dpetrov@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Gryllidae/*genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Multigene Family ; *Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pseudogenes ; *Retroelements ; Sequence Deletion ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Rates of evolution in ancient DNA from Adelie penguins (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Well-preserved subfossil bones of Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, underlie existing and abandoned nesting colonies in Antarctica. These bones, dating back to more than 7000 years before the present, harbor some of the best-preserved ancient DNA yet discovered. From 96 radiocarbon-aged bones, we report large numbers of mitochondrial haplotypes, some of which appear to be extinct, given the 380 living birds sampled. We demonstrate DNA sequence evolution through time and estimate the rate of evolution of the hypervariable region I using a Markov chain Monte Carlo integration and a least-squares regression analysis. Our calculated rates of evolution are approximately two to seven times higher than previous indirect phylogenetic estimates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lambert, D M -- Ritchie, P A -- Millar, C D -- Holland, B -- Drummond, A J -- Baroni, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2270-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D.M.Lambert@massey.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Birds/*genetics ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calibration ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Markov Chains ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Beth -- Drummond, Alexei J -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Wilson, Michael C -- Matheus, Paul E -- Sher, Andrei V -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Barnes, Ian -- Binladen, Jonas -- Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Baryshnikov, Gennady F -- Burns, James A -- Davydov, Sergei -- Driver, Jonathan C -- Froese, Duane G -- Harington, C Richard -- Keddie, Grant -- Kosintsev, Pavel -- Kunz, Michael L -- Martin, Larry D -- Stephenson, Robert O -- Storer, John -- Tedford, Richard -- Zimov, Sergei -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1561-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Bison/classification/genetics ; Canada ; China ; *Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Human Activities ; Humans ; North America ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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