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  • Adult
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (321)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2000-2004  (172)
  • 1980-1984  (149)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (321)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer  (2)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Disrupted timing of discontinuous but not continuous movements by cerebellar lesions (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Patients with cerebellar damage are known to exhibit deficits in the temporal control of movements. We report that these deficits are restricted to discontinuous movements. Cerebellar patients exhibited no deficit in temporal variability when producing continuous, rhythmic movements. We hypothesize that the temporal properties of continuous movements are emergent and reflect the operation of other control parameters not associated with the cerebellum. In contrast, discontinuous movements require an explicit representation of the temporal goal, a function of the cerebellum. The requirement for explicit temporal representation provides a parsimonious account of cerebellar involvement in a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, Rebecca M C -- Zelaznik, Howard N -- Diedrichsen, Jorn -- Ivry, Richard B -- NS17778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rspencer@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellar Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebellum/physiology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Infectious disease. Siberia's deadly stalker emerges from the shadows (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/epidemiology ; Encephalomyelitis/ethnology/*etiology/pathology/virology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Herpesviridae/immunology/isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/ethnology/pathology/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Rural Health ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/ethnology/pathology/virology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) affects 33 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of blindness. In a study of 54 families with autosomal dominantly inherited adult-onset POAG, we identified the causative gene on chromosome 10p14 and designated it OPTN (for "optineurin"). Sequence alterations in OPTN were found in 16.7% of families with hereditary POAG, including individuals with normal intraocular pressure. The OPTN gene codes for a conserved 66-kilodalton protein of unknown function that has been implicated in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling pathway and that interacts with diverse proteins including Huntingtin, Ras-associated protein RAB8, and transcription factor IIIA. Optineurin is expressed in trabecular meshwork, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, and brain, and we speculate that it plays a neuroprotective role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rezaie, Tayebeh -- Child, Anne -- Hitchings, Roger -- Brice, Glen -- Miller, Lauri -- Coca-Prados, Miguel -- Heon, Elise -- Krupin, Theodore -- Ritch, Robert -- Kreutzer, Donald -- Crick, R Pitts -- Sarfarazi, Mansoor -- EY-09947/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Ciliary Body/metabolism ; Exons ; Eye Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ocular Hypertension/genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retina/metabolism ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism ; *Transcription Factor TFIIIA ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Lateralized cognitive processes and lateralized task control in the human brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: The principles underlying human hemispheric specialization are poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of letter and visuospatial decision tasks with identical word stimuli to address two unresolved problems. First, hemispheric specialization depended on the nature of the task rather than on the nature of the stimulus. Second, analysis of frontal candidate regions for cognitive control showed increased coupling between left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left inferior frontal gyrus during letter decisions, whereas right ACC showed enhanced coupling with right parietal areas during visuospatial decisions. Cognitive control is thus localized in the same hemisphere as task execution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephan, Klaas E -- Marshall, John C -- Friston, Karl J -- Rowe, James B -- Ritzl, Afra -- Zilles, Karl -- Fink, Gereon R -- 077029/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):384-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine (IME), Research Centre Julich, 52425 Julich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Functional Laterality ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Space Perception ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Comment on "Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here?" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butte, Nancy F -- Ellis, Kenneth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):598; author reply 598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Diet ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Exercise ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology ; *Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Infectious disease. An avian flu jumps to people (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, Bernice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Birds/virology ; Chickens/virology ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/*virology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Male ; Virulence ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The ironic politics of obesity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nestle, Marion -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; *Diet ; *Food Industry ; Humans ; Marketing ; *Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Politics ; United States ; *United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Optical imaging of a tactile illusion in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: In the tactile funneling illusion, the simultaneous presentation of brief stimuli at multiple points on the skin produces a single focal sensation at the center of the stimulus pattern even when no physical stimulus occurs at that site. Consistent with the funneling percept, we show with optical imaging in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that simultaneous stimulation of two fingertips produces a single focal cortical activation between the single fingertip activation regions. Thus, in contrast to traditional views of the body map, topographic representation in the SI reflects the perceived rather than the physical location of peripheral stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Li M -- Friedman, Robert M -- Roe, Anna W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):881-5. Epub 2003 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Male ; Perception/*physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Saimiri ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Neuroimaging evidence for dissociable forms of repetition priming (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Repetition priming has been characterized neurophysiologically as a decreased response following stimulus repetition. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether this repetition-related response is sensitive to stimulus familiarity. A right fusiform region exhibited an attenuated response to the repetition of familiar stimuli, both faces and symbols, but exhibited an enhanced response to the repetition of unfamiliar stimuli. Moreover, both repetition effects were modulated by lag between successive presentations. Further experiments replicated the interactions between repetition, familiarity, and lag and demonstrated the persistence of these effects over multiple repetitions. Priming-related responses are therefore not unitary but depend on the presence or absence of preexisting stimulus representations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henson, R -- Shallice, T -- Dolan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1269-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. r.henson@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10678834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Regression Analysis ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Theories of the regulation of cognition suggest a system with two necessary components: one to implement control and another to monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task-switching version of the Stroop task were used to examine whether these components of cognitive control have distinct neural bases in the human brain. A double dissociation was found. During task preparation, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) was more active for color naming than for word reading, consistent with a role in the implementation of control. In contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24 and 32) was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli, consistent with a role in performance monitoring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, A W 3rd -- Cohen, J D -- Stenger, V A -- Carter, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1835-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Color ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reading
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Neuroscience. A critical issue for the brain (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: The notion that there is a "critical period" for learning in the first 3 years of life has cropped up widely in media reports recently. But although critical periods have been well documented for the development of sensory systems in the brain, especially vision, researchers differ over whether they exist for the development of the brain functions that underlie complex learning and thinking skills. Scientists do agree, however, that where critical periods do exist, they are not sharply defined, nor are they unique to the first 3 years of life, as has been conveyed in the media. The message should give hope to adults who may not learn with the ease of early childhood, but can still do it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2116-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Language ; *Learning ; Object Attachment ; Synapses/physiology ; Thinking ; Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Predictability of the UK variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Back-calculation analysis of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic in the United Kingdom is used to estimate the number of infected individuals and future disease incidence. The model assumes a hazard of infection proportional to the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom and accounts for precautionary control measures and very wide ranges of incubation periods. The model indicates that current case data are compatible with numbers of infections ranging from a few hundred to several millions. In the latter case, the model suggests that the mean incubation period must be well beyond the human life-span, resulting in disease epidemics of at most several thousand cases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉d'Aignaux, J N -- Cousens, S N -- Smith, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1729-31. Epub 2001 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. jerome.huillard@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/genetics/transmission ; Diet ; Disease Susceptibility ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genotype ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Likelihood Functions ; Methionine/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Prions/administration & dosage/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located proximal to the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster on human 11q23. Mice expressing a human APOAV transgene showed a decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations to one-third of those in control mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking Apoav had four times as much plasma triglycerides as controls. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the APOAV locus were found to be significantly associated with plasma triglyceride levels in two independent studies. These findings indicate that APOAV is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennacchio, L A -- Olivier, M -- Hubacek, J A -- Cohen, J C -- Cox, D R -- Fruchart, J C -- Krauss, R M -- Rubin, E M -- HL-18574/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-53917/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL66681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):169-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Apolipoproteins A ; Apolipoproteins C/blood ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cohort Studies ; Computational Biology ; Coronary Disease/etiology/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multigene Family ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Priorities in HIV prevention (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behrman, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):45-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11192004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Health Priorities ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Stem cell policy. An embryonic alternative (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Bioethics ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; *Macaca mulatta ; *Research ; *Stem Cells
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  • 16
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    Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: Marine reserves have been widely promoted as conservation and fishery management tools. There are robust demonstrations of conservation benefits, but fishery benefits remain controversial. We show that marine reserves in Florida (United States) and St. Lucia have enhanced adjacent fisheries. Within 5 years of creation, a network of five small reserves in St. Lucia increased adjacent catches of artisanal fishers by between 46 and 90%, depending on the type of gear the fishers used. In Florida, reserve zones in the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge have supplied increasing numbers of world record-sized fish to adjacent recreational fisheries since the 1970s. Our study confirms theoretical predictions that marine reserves can play a key role in supporting fisheries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, C M -- Bohnsack, J A -- Gell, F -- Hawkins, J P -- Goodridge, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cr10@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Biomass ; Cnidaria/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Fishes/physiology ; Florida ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Saint Lucia ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Medicine. Placebo-controls in short-term clinical trials of hypertension (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Al-Khatib, S M -- Califf, R M -- Hasselblad, V -- Alexander, J H -- McCrory, D C -- Sugarman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2013-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA. alkha001@mc.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bayes Theorem ; *Control Groups ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Hypertension/*drug therapy ; Patient Selection ; *Placebos/adverse effects ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: A critical issue in developmental cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which the functional neuroanatomy underlying task performance differs in adults and children. Direct comparisons of brain activation in the left frontal and extrastriate cortex were made in adults and children (aged 7 to 10 years) performing single-word processing tasks with visual presentation; differences were found in circumscribed frontal and extrastriate regions. Conceivably, these differences could be attributable exclusively to performance discrepancies; alternatively, maturational differences in functional neuroanatomy could exist despite similar performance. Some of the brain regions examined showed differences attributable to age independent of performance, suggesting that maturation of the pattern of regional activations for these tasks is incomplete at age 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlaggar, Bradley L -- Brown, Timothy T -- Lugar, Heather M -- Visscher, Kristina M -- Miezin, Francis M -- Petersen, Steven E -- NS32979/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS51281/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS55582/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. schlaggarb@neuro.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aging ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Cognition ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The cortical topography of tonal structures underlying Western music (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: Western tonal music relies on a formal geometric structure that determines distance relationships within a harmonic or tonal space. In functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments, we identified an area in the rostromedial prefrontal cortex that tracks activation in tonal space. Different voxels in this area exhibited selectivity for different keys. Within the same set of consistently activated voxels, the topography of tonality selectivity rearranged itself across scanning sessions. The tonality structure was thus maintained as a dynamic topography in cortical areas known to be at a nexus of cognitive, affective, and mnemonic processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janata, Petr -- Birk, Jeffrey L -- Van Horn, John D -- Leman, Marc -- Tillmann, Barbara -- Bharucha, Jamshed J -- P50 NS17778-18/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth Brain Imaging Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. petr.janata@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Auditory Perception ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; *Music ; Nerve Net/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pitch Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The ecology of genetically modified mosquitoes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Ecological and population biology issues constitute serious challenges to the application of genetically modified mosquitos (GMM) for disease control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Thomas W -- Takken, Willem -- Knols, Bart G J -- Boete, Christophe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. twscott@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aedes/*genetics/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Child ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Ecology ; Environment ; Genetics, Population ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/parasitology/physiology/virology ; Insecticides ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Pest Control, Biological ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the "perceptual narrowing" phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascalis, Olivier -- de Haan, Michelle -- Nelson, Charles A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. o.pascalis@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; *Face ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; *Recognition (Psychology) ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Television viewing and aggressive behavior were assessed over a 17-year interval in a community sample of 707 individuals. There was a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood and the likelihood of subsequent aggressive acts against others. This association remained significant after previous aggressive behavior, childhood neglect, family income, neighborhood violence, parental education, and psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Jeffrey G -- Cohen, Patricia -- Smailes, Elizabeth M -- Kasen, Stephanie -- Brook, Judith S -- DA-03188/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-36971/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Child Abuse ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Sex Characteristics ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Television ; Theft ; Time Factors ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Signal-driven computations in speech processing (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: Learning a language requires both statistical computations to identify words in speech and algebraic-like computations to discover higher level (grammatical) structure. Here we show that these computations can be influenced by subtle cues in the speech signal. After a short familiarization to a continuous speech stream, adult listeners are able to segment it using powerful statistics, but they fail to extract the structural regularities included in the stream even when the familiarization is greatly extended. With the introduction of subliminal segmentation cues, however, these regularities can be rapidly captured.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pena, Marcela -- Bonatti, Luca L -- Nespor, Marina -- Mehler, Jacques -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):604-7. Epub 2002 Aug 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cues ; France ; Humans ; *Language ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Phonetics ; Probability ; *Speech Perception ; Statistics as Topic ; Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Truncating neurotrypsin mutation in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: A 4-base pair deletion in the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin gene was associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (MR). In situ hybridization experiments on human fetal brains showed that neurotrypsin was highly expressed in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Immuno-electron microscopy on adult human brain sections revealed that neurotrypsin is located in presynaptic nerve endings, particularly over the presynaptic membrane lining the synaptic cleft. These findings suggest that neurotrypsin-mediated proteolysis is required for normal synaptic function and suggest potential insights into the pathophysiological bases of mental retardation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Molinari, Florence -- Rio, Marlene -- Meskenaite, Virginia -- Encha-Razavi, Ferechte -- Auge, Joelle -- Bacq, Delphine -- Briault, Sylvain -- Vekemans, Michel -- Munnich, Arnold -- Attie-Bitach, Tania -- Sonderegger, Peter -- Colleaux, Laurence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1779-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Recherches sur les Handicaps Genetiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U-393, et Departement de Genetique, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/embryology/*metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Pedigree ; *Sequence Deletion ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/embryology/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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    European patents. Tough stance on stem cell, DNA claims (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):754-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biotechnology/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cloning, Organism/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Europe ; Genes ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Natural iron isotope variations in human blood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: Isotopic analysis of human blood and liver and muscle tissue indicates that each individual bears a long-term iron (Fe) isotope signature in the blood. Blood and tissue differ slightly in isotopic composition and are depleted by up to 2.6 per mil in 56Fe relative to 54Fe when compared to dietary Fe. The 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio in the blood of males is, on average, lower by 0.3 per mil than that of females. These results suggest that Fe isotope effects in the blood reflect differences in intestinal Fe absorption between individuals and genotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walczyk, Thomas -- von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2065-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Seestrasse 72, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. thomas.walczyk@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Absorption ; Iron/*blood/metabolism ; Iron Isotopes/*blood/metabolism ; Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Meat ; Muscles/metabolism ; Reference Values ; Sex Characteristics
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    Psychology. The effects of media violence on society (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Craig A -- Bushman, Brad J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2377-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3180, USA. caa@iastate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Social Problems ; *Television ; Time Factors ; *Violence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    Cortical mechanisms of human imitation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-05
    Description: How does imitation occur? How can the motor plans necessary for imitating an action derive from the observation of that action? Imitation may be based on a mechanism directly matching the observed action onto an internal motor representation of that action ("direct matching hypothesis"). To test this hypothesis, normal human participants were asked to observe and imitate a finger movement and to perform the same movement after spatial or symbolic cues. Brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. If the direct matching hypothesis is correct, there should be areas that become active during finger movement, regardless of how it is evoked, and their activation should increase when the same movement is elicited by the observation of an identical movement made by another individual. Two areas with these properties were found in the left inferior frontal cortex (opercular region) and the rostral-most region of the right superior parietal lobule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iacoboni, M -- Woods, R P -- Brass, M -- Bekkering, H -- Mazziotta, J C -- Rizzolatti, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Mapping Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7085, USA. iacoboni@loni.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Female ; Fingers/physiology ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; Imitative Behavior/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Movement ; Neurons/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology
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  • 29
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    Perspectives: cognition. An innate basis for language? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bishop, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2283-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK. dorothy.bishop@psy.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/growth & development/*physiology/physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Humans ; *Language Development ; Mathematics ; Memory, Short-Term ; Middle Aged ; Vocabulary ; Williams Syndrome/genetics/*physiopathology/psychology
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    Breakthroughs 1999 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Bioethics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Research ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
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    Breakthrough of the year. Capturing the promise of youth (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Bioethics ; *Biomedical Research ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Internationality ; Mice ; Public Policy ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Prevention of acute liver failure in rats with reversibly immortalized human hepatocytes (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Because of a critical shortage in suitable organs, many patients with terminal liver disease die each year before liver transplantation can be performed. Transplantation of isolated hepatocytes has been proposed for the temporary metabolic support of patients awaiting liver transplantation or spontaneous reversion of their liver disease. A major limitation of this form of therapy is the present inability to isolate an adequate number of transplantable hepatocytes. A highly differentiated cell line, NKNT-3, was generated by retroviral transfer in normal primary adult human hepatocytes of an immortalizing gene that can be subsequently and completely excised by Cre/Lox site-specific recombination. When transplanted into the spleen of rats under transient immunosuppression, reversibly immortalized NKNT-3 cells provided life-saving metabolic support during acute liver failure induced by 90% hepatectomy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, N -- Fujiwara, T -- Westerman, K A -- Inoue, Y -- Sakaguchi, M -- Noguchi, H -- Miyazaki, M -- Cai, J -- Tanaka, N -- Fox, I J -- Leboulch, P -- DK48794/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL55435/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1258-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉First Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10678831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transplantation ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Integrases/metabolism ; Liver/*cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Liver Failure, Acute/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control/therapy ; Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Rats ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Spleen/cytology ; Transfection ; *Viral Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Can old cells learn new tricks? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1418-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Bioethics ; *Biomedical Research ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Linkage of plasma Abeta42 to a quantitative locus on chromosome 10 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pedigrees (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-23
    Description: Plasma Abeta42 (amyloid beta42 peptide) is invariably elevated in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is also increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with typical late-onset AD (LOAD). To detect LOAD loci that increase Abeta42, we used plasma Abeta42 as a surrogate trait and performed linkage analysis on extended AD pedigrees identified through a LOAD patient with extremely high plasma Abeta. Here, we report linkage to chromosome 10 with a maximal lod score of 3.93 at 81 centimorgans close to D10S1225. Remarkably, linkage to the same region was obtained independently in a genome-wide screen of LOAD sibling pairs. These results provide strong evidence for a novel LOAD locus on chromosome 10 that acts to increase Abeta.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ertekin-Taner, N -- Graff-Radford, N -- Younkin, L H -- Eckman, C -- Baker, M -- Adamson, J -- Ronald, J -- Blangero, J -- Hutton, M -- Younkin, S G -- AG06656/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH59490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG16574/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2303-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/*blood/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*blood/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Peptide Fragments/*blood/genetics ; Phenotype ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable
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    Replaying the game: hypnagogic images in normals and amnesics (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Participants playing the computer game Tetris reported intrusive, stereotypical, visual images of the game at sleep onset. Three amnesic patients with extensive bilateral medial temporal lobe damage produced similar hypnagogic reports despite being unable to recall playing the game, suggesting that such imagery may arise without important contribution from the declarative memory system. In addition, control participants reported images from previously played versions of the game, demonstrating that remote memories can influence the images from recent waking experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stickgold, R -- Malia, A -- Maguire, D -- Roddenberry, D -- O'Connor, M -- MH-13,923/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-48,832/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS26985/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH092638/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 74 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rstickgold@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Arousal ; Brain/*physiology ; Dreams/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Stages/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology/physiopathology ; *Video Games
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Vaccines. Searching for a parasite's weak spot (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Using a host of new technologies, vaccine developers are trying to target the malaria parasite at every stage of its complex life cycle. Researchers now predict that within 5 or 10 years they will have a successful vaccine that will actually save lives. But in malaria vaccine research, the concept of "success" comes with caveats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):434-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Culicidae/parasitology ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; Liver/parasitology ; Malaria/parasitology/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Malaria Vaccines/immunology ; Plasmodium/growth & development/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mitotic misregulation and human aging (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: Messenger RNA levels were measured in actively dividing fibroblasts isolated from young, middle-age, and old-age humans and humans with progeria, a rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging. Genes whose expression is associated with age-related phenotypes and diseases were identified. The data also suggest that an underlying mechanism of the aging process involves increasing errors in the mitotic machinery of dividing cells in the postreproductive stage of life. We propose that this dysfunction leads to chromosomal pathologies that result in misregulation of genes involved in the aging process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ly, D H -- Lockhart, D J -- Lerner, R A -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2486-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*genetics/pathology ; Biochemical Phenomena ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Chromosome Segregation/genetics ; Disease/etiology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mitosis/genetics ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Progeria/*genetics/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    HIV transmission. AIDS researchers look to Africa for new insights (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):942-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Adult ; Africa/epidemiology ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Proximity of chromosomal loci that participate in radiation-induced rearrangements in human cells (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-06
    Description: Rearrangements involving the RET gene are common in radiation-associated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The RET/PTC1 type of rearrangement is an inversion of chromosome 10 mediated by illegitimate recombination between the RET and the H4 genes, which are 30 megabases apart. Here we ask whether despite the great linear distance between them, RET and H4 recombination might be promoted by their proximity in the nucleus. We used two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and three-dimensional microscopy to map the positions of the RET and H4 loci within interphase nuclei. At least one pair of RET and H4 was juxtaposed in 35% of normal human thyroid cells and in 21% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, but only in 6% of normal mammary epithelial cells. Spatial contiguity of RET and H4 may provide a structural basis for generation of RET/PTC1 rearrangement by allowing a single radiation track to produce a double-strand break in each gene at the same site in the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nikiforova, M N -- Stringer, J R -- Blough, R -- Medvedovic, M -- Fagin, J A -- Nikiforov, Y E -- CA 72597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES 05652-10/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11021799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Breast/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/*genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interphase ; Lymphocytes ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thyroid Gland/*cytology/*radiation effects ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Alternative views on alternative medicine (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):245-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Asphyxia/etiology ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Child ; *Complementary Therapies ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Errors/adverse effects
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    Human subjects. Volunteer's death prompts review (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2226-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; Adult ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Baltimore ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Ganglionic Blockers/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Hexamethonium/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Lung/physiology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Subjects ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Clinical research. Procedures faulted in fatal asthma trial (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Asthma/*physiopathology ; Baltimore ; Clinical Protocols ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Ganglionic Blockers/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Hexamethonium/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Professional Staff Committees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Fast backprojections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: Much is known about the pathways from photoreceptors to higher visual areas in the brain. However, how we become aware of what we see or of having seen at all is a problem that has eluded neuroscience. Recordings from macaque V1 during deactivation of MT+/V5 and psychophysical studies of perceptual integration suggest that feedback from secondary visual areas to V1 is necessary for visual awareness. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the timing and function of feedback from human area MT+/V5 to V1 and found its action to be early and critical for awareness of visual motion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascual-Leone, A -- Walsh, V -- R01-EY12873/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):510-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Kirstein Hall KS454, Boston MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Awareness ; Brain Mapping ; Feedback ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetics ; Male ; *Motion Perception ; Phosphenes ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
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    Regional mu opioid receptor regulation of sensory and affective dimensions of pain (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: The endogenous opioid system is involved in stress responses, in the regulation of the experience of pain, and in the action of analgesic opiate drugs. We examined the function of the opioid system and mu-opioid receptors in the brains of healthy human subjects undergoing sustained pain. Sustained pain induced the regional release of endogenous opioids interacting with mu-opioid receptors in a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions. The activation of the mu-opioid receptor system was associated with reductions in the sensory and affective ratings of the pain experience, with distinct neuroanatomical involvements. These data demonstrate the central role of the mu-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the regulation of sensory and affective components of the pain experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zubieta, J K -- Smith, Y R -- Bueller, J A -- Xu, Y -- Kilbourn, M R -- Jewett, D M -- Meyer, C R -- Koeppe, R A -- Stohler, C S -- R01 DE 12059/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE 12743/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):311-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Institute, Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1687, USA. zubieta@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Fentanyl/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Opioid Peptides/physiology ; *Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*physiology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Linguistics. From the mouths (and hands) of babes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1758-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Documentation ; Education of Hearing Disabled ; Humans ; Infant ; *Linguistics/methods ; Nicaragua ; *Persons With Hearing Impairments ; Schools ; *Sign Language ; Space Perception ; Students ; Video Recording ; Vocabulary
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    Driving a stake into resurgent TB (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):234-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage/economics ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Global Health ; Humans ; Mycobacterium leprae/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics/immunology ; Tuberculosis/economics/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/immunology/prevention & control ; Vaccines, DNA/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
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    Neuroscience. Does grammar start where statistics stop? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidenberg, Mark S -- MacDonald, Maryellen C -- Saffran, Jenny R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):553-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. marks@lcnl.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cues ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language ; Language Development ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Phonetics ; Probability ; *Speech Perception ; Statistics as Topic ; Vocabulary
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    Covariation of synaptonemal complex length and mammalian meiotic exchange rates (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: Analysis of recombination between loci (linkage analysis) has been a cornerstone of human genetic research, enabling investigators to localize and, ultimately, identify genetic loci. However, despite these efforts little is known about patterns of meiotic exchange in human germ cells or the mechanisms that control these patterns. Using recently developed immunofluorescence methodology to examine exchanges in human spermatocytes, we have identified remarkable variation in the rate of recombination within and among individuals. Subsequent analyses indicate that, in humans and mice, this variation is linked to differences in the length of the synaptonemal complex. Thus, at least in mammals, a physical structure, the synaptonemal complex, reflects genetic rather than physical distance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynn, Audrey -- Koehler, Kara E -- Judis, LuAnn -- Chan, Ernest R -- Cherry, Jonathan P -- Schwartz, Stuart -- Seftel, Allen -- Hunt, Patricia A -- Hassold, Terry J -- HD07518/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21341/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD37502/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2222-5. Epub 2002 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; Chromosomes, Human/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Synaptonemal Complex/*ultrastructure
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    Another unmet public health need (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Susan P -- Baker, Timothy D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12025831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; *Public Health ; *Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/mortality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Alcohol consumption impairs detection of performance errors in mediofrontal cortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a critical component of the human mediofrontal neural circuit that monitors ongoing processing in the cognitive system for signs of erroneous outcomes. Here, we show that the consumption of alcohol in moderate doses induces a significant deterioration of the ability to detect the activation of erroneous responses as reflected in the amplitude of brain electrical activity associated with the ACC. This impairment was accompanied by failures to instigate performance adjustments after these errors. These findings offer insights into how the effects of alcohol on mediofrontal brain function may result in compromised performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridderinkhof, K Richard -- de Vlugt, Yolande -- Bramlage, Aldo -- Spaan, Marcus -- Elton, Martin -- Snel, Jan -- Band, Guido P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2209-11. Epub 2002 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. richard@psy.uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholic Beverages ; *Cognition ; Double-Blind Method ; Electroencephalography ; Ethanol/administration & dosage ; Evoked Potentials ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychomotor Performance
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    The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: The mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces chronic infection in the vast majority of infected individuals are unknown. Sequences within the HCV E1 and E2 envelope genes were analyzed during the acute phase of hepatitis C in 12 patients with different clinical outcomes. Acute resolving hepatitis was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the heterogeneous viral population (quasispecies), whereas progressing hepatitis correlated with genetic evolution of HCV. Consistent with the hypothesis of selective pressure by the host immune system, the sequence changes occurred almost exclusively within the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene and were temporally correlated with antibody seroconversion. These data indicate that the evolutionary dynamics of the HCV quasispecies during the acute phase of hepatitis C predict whether the infection will resolve or become chronic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farci, P -- Shimoda, A -- Coiana, A -- Diaz, G -- Peddis, G -- Melpolder, J C -- Strazzera, A -- Chien, D Y -- Munoz, S J -- Balestrieri, A -- Purcell, R H -- Alter, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):339-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. farcip@pacs.unica.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral ; Disease Progression ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; Hepacivirus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/immunology/*virology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Prospective Studies ; Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A neural basis for general intelligence (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-21
    Description: Universal positive correlations between different cognitive tests motivate the concept of "general intelligence" or Spearman's g. Here the neural basis for g is investigated by means of positron emission tomography. Spatial, verbal, and perceptuo-motor tasks with high-g involvement are compared with matched low-g control tasks. In contrast to the common view that g reflects a broad sample of major cognitive functions, high-g tasks do not show diffuse recruitment of multiple brain regions. Instead they are associated with selective recruitment of lateral frontal cortex in one or both hemispheres. Despite very different task content in the three high-g-low-g contrasts, lateral frontal recruitment is markedly similar in each case. Many previous experiments have shown these same frontal regions to be recruited by a broad range of different cognitive demands. The results suggest that "general intelligence" derives from a specific frontal system important in the control of diverse forms of behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duncan, J -- Seitz, R J -- Kolodny, J -- Bor, D -- Herzog, H -- Ahmed, A -- Newell, F N -- Emslie, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):457-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK. john.duncan@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10903207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Frontal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Middle Aged ; Psychomotor Performance ; Recruitment, Neurophysiological ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Emergence of genetic instability in children treated for leukemia (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-25
    Description: T cells from patients who had received chemotherapy for B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia were studied to determine whether genetic instability, a principal characteristic of cancer cells, can also occur in nonmalignant cells. Consistent with expectations for a genetic instability phenotype, multiple mutations were detected in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) reporter gene in independently isolated mutant T cells expressing identical rearranged T cell receptor beta (TCRbeta) gene hypervariable regions. These results indicate that cancer treatment can lead to genetic instability in nonmalignant cells in some individuals. They also suggest a mechanistic paradigm for the induction of second malignancies and drug resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finette, B A -- Homans, A C -- Albertini, R J -- 1K01CA77737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1R29HD35309/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30CA22435/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):514-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Medical Alumni Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. finette@salus.med.uvm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Burkitt Lymphoma/blood/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clone Cells ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Genes, Reporter ; *Genes, T-Cell Receptor ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Infant ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood/drug therapy/*genetics ; Recurrence ; *T-Lymphocytes
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    Illusions in reasoning about consistency (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-25
    Description: Reasoners succumb to predictable illusions in evaluating whether sets of assertions are consistent. We report two studies of this computationally intractable task of "satisfiability." The results show that as the number of possibilities compatible with the assertions increases, the difficulty of the task increases, and that reasoners represent what is true according to assertions, not what is false. This procedure avoids overloading memory, but it yields illusions of consistency and of inconsistency. These illusions modify our picture of human rationality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson-Laird, P N -- Legrenzi, P -- Girotto, V -- Legrenzi, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):531-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. phil@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Cognition ; Humans ; Illusions ; *Logic ; Models, Psychological ; *Thinking
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    Interhemispheric asymmetries of the modular structure in human temporal cortex (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-16
    Description: Language-relevant processing of auditory signals is lateralized and involves the posterior part of Brodmann area 22. We found that the functional lateralization in this area was accompanied by interhemispheric differences in the organization of the intrinsic microcircuitry. Neuronal tract tracing revealed a modular network of long-range intrinsic connections linking regularly spaced clusters of neurons. Although the cluster diameter was similar in both hemispheres, their spacing was about 20 percent larger in the left hemisphere. Assuming similar relations between functional and anatomical architecture as in visual cortex, the present data suggest that more functionally distinct columnar systems are included per surface unit in the left than in the right area 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galuske, R A -- Schlote, W -- Bratzke, H -- Singer, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1946-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt a.M., Germany. galuske@mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Carbocyanines ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Pathways ; Temporal Lobe/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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    AIDS meeting. South African leader declines to join the chorus on HIV and AIDS (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):222.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology/*virology ; Adult ; Government ; HIV/*physiology ; Humans ; South Africa/epidemiology
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    Dyslexia: cultural diversity and biological unity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: The recognition of dyslexia as a neurodevelopmental disorder has been hampered by the belief that it is not a specific diagnostic entity because it has variable and culture-specific manifestations. In line with this belief, we found that Italian dyslexics, using a shallow orthography which facilitates reading, performed better on reading tasks than did English and French dyslexics. However, all dyslexics were equally impaired relative to their controls on reading and phonological tasks. Positron emission tomography scans during explicit and implicit reading showed the same reduced activity in a region of the left hemisphere in dyslexics from all three countries, with the maximum peak in the middle temporal gyrus and additional peaks in the inferior and superior temporal gyri and middle occipital gyrus. We conclude that there is a universal neurocognitive basis for dyslexia and that differences in reading performance among dyslexics of different countries are due to different orthographies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paulesu, E -- Demonet, J F -- Fazio, F -- McCrory, E -- Chanoine, V -- Brunswick, N -- Cappa, S F -- Cossu, G -- Habib, M -- Frith, C D -- Frith, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2165-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Psychology Department, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy. eraldo.paulesu@unimib.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/blood supply/*physiopathology/radionuclide imaging ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Culture ; Dyslexia/*etiology/physiopathology ; France ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Italy ; *Language ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Occipital Lobe/blood supply/physiopathology/radionuclide imaging ; Reading ; Regional Blood Flow ; Temporal Lobe/blood supply/*physiopathology/radionuclide imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Bioethics. Cloning announcement sparks debate and scientific skepticism (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1802-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Bioethical Issues ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cloning, Organism/*legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/*embryology ; Female ; Government ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Parthenogenesis/physiology ; Research Embryo Creation ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The role of working memory in visual selective attention (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-07
    Description: The hypothesis that working memory is crucial for reducing distraction by maintaining the prioritization of relevant information was tested in neuroimaging and psychological experiments with humans. Participants performed a selective attention task that required them to ignore distractor faces while holding in working memory a sequence of digits that were in the same order (low memory load) or a different order (high memory load) on every trial. Higher memory load, associated with increased prefrontal activity, resulted in greater interference effects on behavioral performance from the distractor faces, plus increased face-related activity in the visual cortex. These findings confirm a major role for working memory in the control of visual selective attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Fockert, J W -- Rees, G -- Frith, C D -- Lavie, N -- 067453/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1803-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. : j.de-fockert@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Face ; Female ; Form Perception ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/*physiology ; Mental Recall ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology
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    Genetic correlates of musical pitch recognition in humans (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: We used a twin study to investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to differences in musical pitch perception abilities in humans. We administered a Distorted Tunes Test (DTT), which requires subjects to judge whether simple popular melodies contain notes with incorrect pitch, to 136 monozygotic twin pairs and 148 dizygotic twin pairs. The correlation of DTT scores between twins was estimated at 0.67 for monozygotic pairs and 0.44 for dizygotic pairs. Genetic model-fitting techniques supported an additive genetic model, with heritability estimated at 0.71 to 0.80, depending on how subjects were categorized, and with no effect of shared environment. DTT scores were only weakly correlated with measures of peripheral hearing. This suggests that variation in musical pitch recognition is primarily due to highly heritable differences in auditory functions not tested by conventional audiologic methods.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drayna, D -- Manichaikul, A -- de Lange , M -- Snieder, H -- Spector, T -- Z01-DC-00043-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1969-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 5 Research Court, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Environment ; Female ; *Genes ; Hearing ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; *Pitch Perception ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
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    Estimation of epidemic size and incubation time based on age characteristics of vCJD in the United Kingdom (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: The size of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) epidemic in the United Kingdom is a major public health concern and a subject of speculation. The cases are young (mean age = 28). Assuming that the risk of developing the disease in susceptible exposed subjects decreases exponentially with age after age 15, that all infections occurred between 1980 and 1989, and that the distribution of the incubation period is lognormal, we estimate that the mean duration of the incubation period is 16.7 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.4 to 23.2] and that the total number of cases will be 205 (upper limit of the 95% CI: 403).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valleron, A J -- Boelle, P Y -- Will, R -- Cesbron, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1726-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epidemiology and Information Sciences, INSERM U444, CHU Saint-Antoine, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/mortality/transmission ; Disease Susceptibility/epidemiology ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Probability ; Risk ; Time Factors
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    Impairment of mycobacterial but not viral immunity by a germline human STAT1 mutation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dupuis, S -- Dargemont, C -- Fieschi, C -- Thomassin, N -- Rosenzweig, S -- Harris, J -- Holland, S M -- Schreiber, R D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):300-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes-INSERM UMR550, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Immunity/genetics ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/genetics/*immunology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/genetics/immunology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Simian virus 40 ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Anthrax. A 'sure killer' yields to medicine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1813-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anthrax/complications/diagnosis/*drug therapy/history ; Bacillus anthracis/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Child ; Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Clindamycin/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Pleural Effusion/complications/diagnosis/microbiology/therapy ; Prognosis ; Rifampin/therapeutic use ; Russia ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cell research. NIH review outlines 'enormous promise' (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Paralysis/therapy ; Rats ; *Research ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia caused by mutations in a putative LDL receptor adaptor protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Atherogenic low density lipoproteins are cleared from the circulation by hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). Two inherited forms of hypercholesterolemia result from loss of LDLR activity: autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), caused by mutations in the LDLR gene, and autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), of unknown etiology. Here we map the ARH locus to an approximately 1-centimorgan interval on chromosome 1p35 and identify six mutations in a gene encoding a putative adaptor protein (ARH). ARH contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which in other proteins binds NPXY motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of cell-surface receptors, including the LDLR. ARH appears to have a tissue-specific role in LDLR function, as it is required in liver but not in fibroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, C K -- Wilund, K -- Arca, M -- Zuliani, G -- Fellin, R -- Maioli, M -- Calandra, S -- Bertolini, S -- Cossu, F -- Grishin, N -- Barnes, R -- Cohen, J C -- Hobbs, H H -- E.0565/Telethon/Italy -- HL07360/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P0I-HL2048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1394-8. Epub 2001 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, Recessive/*genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Introns/genetics ; Italy ; Lebanon ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Organ Specificity ; Pedigree ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LDL/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Absence of circadian phase resetting in response to bright light behind the knees (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Kenneth P Jr -- Czeisler, Charles A -- M01-RR02635/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- NIH R01-MH45130/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32-DK07529/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Suite 438, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kwright@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Biological Clocks ; Body Temperature ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; *Light ; *Light Signal Transduction ; Male ; Melatonin/blood/secretion ; Sleep ; Supine Position
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A stem cell molecular signature (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: Mechanisms regulating self-renewal and cell fate decisions in mammalian stem cells are poorly understood. We determined global gene expression profiles for mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells and other stages of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Murine and human hematopoietic stem cells share a number of expressed gene products, which define key conserved regulatory pathways in this developmental system. Moreover, in the mouse, a portion of the genetic program of hematopoietic stem cells is shared with embryonic and neural stem cells. This overlapping set of gene products represents a molecular signature of stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivanova, Natalia B -- Dimos, John T -- Schaniel, Christoph -- Hackney, Jason A -- Moore, Kateri A -- Lemischka, Ihor R -- DK42989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK54493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):601-4. Epub 2002 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Computational Biology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Homeobox ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Totipotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Improving the health of the global poor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: We analyzed the technical basis for a major global program to reduce disease among the poor. Effective interventions exist against the few diseases which most account for excess mortality among the poor. Achieving high coverage of effective interventions requires a well-functioning health system, as well as overcoming a set of financial and nonfinancial constraints. The annual incremental cost would be between $40 billion and $52 billion by 2015 in 83 low-income and sub-Saharan African countries. Such a program is feasible and would avoid millions of child, maternal, and adult deaths annually in poor countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jha, Prabhat -- Mills, Anne -- Hanson, Kara -- Kumaranayake, Lilani -- Conteh, Lesong -- Kurowski, Christoph -- Nguyen, Son Nam -- Cruz, Valeria Oliveira -- Ranson, Kent -- Vaz, Lara M E -- Yu, Shengchao -- Morton, Oliver -- Sachs, Jeffrey D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva 01220, Switzerland. jhap@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; *Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Female ; *Global Health ; Government ; Health Care Costs ; *Health Expenditures ; Health Services Accessibility ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/economics ; *Medically Underserved Area ; *Poverty ; Pregnancy ; Preventive Health Services/economics ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Placebo and opioid analgesia-- imaging a shared neuronal network (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: It has been suggested that placebo analgesia involves both higher order cognitive networks and endogenous opioid systems. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and the brainstem are implicated in opioid analgesia, suggesting a similar role for these structures in placebo analgesia. Using positron emission tomography, we confirmed that both opioid and placebo analgesia are associated with increased activity in the rACC. We also observed a covariation between the activity in the rACC and the brainstem during both opioid and placebo analgesia, but not during the pain-only condition. These findings indicate a related neural mechanism in placebo and opioid analgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petrovic, Predrag -- Kalso, Eija -- Petersson, Karl Magnus -- Ingvar, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1737-40. Epub 2002 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Neurophysiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden., Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Analgesia ; Analgesics, Opioid/*pharmacology ; Brain Stem/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Gyrus Cinguli/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid/metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with several dimensions of neuroticism and psychopathology, especially anxiety traits, but the predictive value of this genotype against these complex behaviors has been inconsistent. Serotonin [5- hydroxytryptamine, (5-HT)] function influences normal fear as well as pathological anxiety, behaviors critically dependent on the amygdala in animal models and in clinical studies. We now report that individuals with one or two copies of the short allele of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) promoter polymorphism, which has been associated with reduced 5-HTT expression and function and increased fear and anxiety-related behaviors, exhibit greater amygdala neuronal activity, as assessed by BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging, in response to fearful stimuli compared with individuals homozygous for the long allele. These results demonstrate genetically driven variation in the response of brain regions underlying human emotional behavior and suggest that differential excitability of the amygdala to emotional stimuli may contribute to the increased fear and anxiety typically associated with the short SLC6A4 allele.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hariri, Ahmad R -- Mattay, Venkata S -- Tessitore, Alessandro -- Kolachana, Bhaskar -- Fera, Francesco -- Goldman, David -- Egan, Michael F -- Weinberger, Daniel R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):400-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Cohort Studies ; Facial Expression ; *Fear ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics/physiology ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Personality ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Sex Characteristics
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    What's new, pussycat? On talking to babies and animals (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnham, Denis -- Kitamura, Christine -- Vollmer-Conna, Ute -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MARCS Auditory Laboratories, University of Western Sydney, Post Office Box 1797, Sydney, 1797, Australia. d.burnham@uws.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic ; Cats ; Dogs ; Humans ; Infant ; *Mother-Child Relations ; *Mothers ; *Phonetics ; *Speech ; *Speech Acoustics ; Verbal Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: We report here the adoptive transfer, to patients with metastatic melanoma, of highly selected tumor-reactive T cells directed against overexpressed self-derived differentiation antigens after a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. This approach resulted in the persistent clonal repopulation of T cells in those cancer patients, with the transferred cells proliferating in vivo, displaying functional activity, and trafficking to tumor sites. This led to regression of the patients' metastatic melanoma as well as to the onset of autoimmune melanocyte destruction. This approach presents new possibilities for the treatment of patients with cancer as well as patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other infectious diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764179/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764179/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudley, Mark E -- Wunderlich, John R -- Robbins, Paul F -- Yang, James C -- Hwu, Patrick -- Schwartzentruber, Douglas J -- Topalian, Suzanne L -- Sherry, Richard -- Restifo, Nicholas P -- Hubicki, Amy M -- Robinson, Michael R -- Raffeld, Mark -- Duray, Paul -- Seipp, Claudia A -- Rogers-Freezer, Linda -- Morton, Kathleen E -- Mavroukakis, Sharon A -- White, Donald E -- Rosenberg, Steven A -- Z01 BC010763-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):850-4. Epub 2002 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; *Autoimmunity ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Clone Cells ; Cytokines/secretion ; Female ; HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Interleukin-2/therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology ; MART-1 Antigen ; Male ; Melanocytes/immunology ; Melanoma/*immunology/pathology/secondary/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Treatment Outcome
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    British science. Pioneering stem cell bank will soon be open for deposits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1784.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Biological Specimen Banks ; *Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Great Britain ; Humans ; *Stem Cells
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience. A generation gap in brain activity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2131-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Cognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Memory ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Neural Pathways ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Drug approval and testing on children (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Henry I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1609-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12041530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Pediatrics ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dynamic brain sources of visual evoked responses (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: It has been long debated whether averaged electrical responses recorded from the scalp result from stimulus-evoked brain events or stimulus-induced changes in ongoing brain dynamics. In a human visual selective attention task, we show that nontarget event-related potentials were mainly generated by partial stimulus-induced phase resetting of multiple electroencephalographic processes. Independent component analysis applied to the single-trial data identified at least eight classes of contributing components, including those producing central and lateral posterior alpha, left and right mu, and frontal midline theta rhythms. Scalp topographies of these components were consistent with their generation in compact cortical domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makeig, S -- Westerfield, M -- Jung, T P -- Enghoff, S -- Townsend, J -- Courchesne, E -- Sejnowski, T J -- 1RO1-NS34155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 2RO1-MH36840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):690-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computational Neurobiology Laboratory and, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, San Diego, CA 92037, USA. smakeig@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Photic Stimulation ; Theta Rhythm
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Kids, TV viewing, and aggressive behavior (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hockey, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):49-50; author reply 49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12102090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Causality ; Child ; Humans ; *Television ; Video Games ; Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-05
    Description: People often are unable to report the content of ignored information, but it is unknown whether this reflects a complete failure to perceive it (inattentional blindness) or merely that it is rapidly forgotten (inattentional amnesia). Here functional imaging is used to address this issue by measuring brain activity for unattended words. When attention is fully engaged with other material, the brain no longer differentiates between meaningful words and random letters, even when they are looked at directly. These results demonstrate true inattentional blindness for words and show that visual recognition wholly depends on attention even for highly familiar and meaningful stimuli at the center of gaze.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rees, G -- Russell, C -- Frith, C D -- Driver, J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2504-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. geraint@klab.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Emerging diseases. New arenavirus blamed for recent deaths in California (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-29
    Description: Researchers say a new virus that appears to cause hemorrhagic fever is endemic--but at very low levels--in the western United States. Last week, the California Department of Health Services announced that a recently discovered virus carried by wood rats and pack rats killed a 14-year-old girl in April; moreover, the department says, there's strong evidence that the virus has caused at least two other deaths within the last 14 months. Experts say there is no cause for alarm, however, as they believe it to be a rare event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10960307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/*epidemiology/*virology ; Arenavirus/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Disease Reservoirs ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/*epidemiology/*virology ; Humans ; Oklahoma/epidemiology ; Sigmodontinae ; Southwestern United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PAX8-PPARgamma1 fusion oncogene in human thyroid carcinoma [corrected] (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-26
    Description: Chromosomal translocations that encode fusion oncoproteins have been observed consistently in leukemias/lymphomas and sarcomas but not in carcinomas, the most common human cancers. Here, we report that t(2;3)(q13;p25), a translocation identified in a subset of human thyroid follicular carcinomas, results in fusion of the DNA binding domains of the thyroid transcription factor PAX8 to domains A to F of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma1. PAX8-PPARgamma1 mRNA and protein were detected in 5 of 8 thyroid follicular carcinomas but not in 20 follicular adenomas, 10 papillary carcinomas, or 10 multinodular hyperplasias. PAX8-PPARgamma1 inhibited thiazolidinedione-induced transactivation by PPARgamma1 in a dominant negative manner. The experiments demonstrate an oncogenic role for PPARgamma and suggest that PAX8-PPARgamma1 may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kroll, T G -- Sarraf, P -- Pecciarini, L -- Chen, C J -- Mueller, E -- Spiegelman, B M -- Fletcher, J A -- CA75425/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1357-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. tkroll@rics.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/*genetics/metabolism ; Adenoma/genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Child ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Response Elements ; Thiazoles/pharmacology ; *Thiazolidinediones ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Translocation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The business of stem cells (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1419-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; *Biotechnology/economics ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Commerce ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Internationality ; Investments ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Private Sector ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Modulation of human visual cortex by crossmodal spatial attention (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: A sudden touch on one hand can improve vision near that hand, revealing crossmodal links in spatial attention. It is often assumed that such links involve only multimodal neural structures, but unimodal brain areas may also be affected. We tested the effect of simultaneous visuo-tactile stimulation on the activity of the human visual cortex. Tactile stimulation enhanced activity in the visual cortex, but only when it was on the same side as a visual target. Analysis of effective connectivity between brain areas suggests that touch influences unimodal visual cortex via back-projections from multimodal parietal areas. This provides a neural explanation for crossmodal links in spatial attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macaluso, E -- Frith, C D -- Driver, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK. Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, UK. e.macaluso@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Feedback ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cell research has only just begun (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prockop, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):211-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Division ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Humans ; Research ; *Stem Cells/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cell policy. Can adult stem cells suffice? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1820-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology ; Adult ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Brain/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology ; Neurons/cytology ; Politics ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells/cytology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cell biology. Nobel laureates lobby for stem cells (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1683-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Bioethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Lobbying ; Nobel Prize ; *Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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    Cancer immunotherapy. Select T cells, given space, shrink tumors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):1973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary/therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary/therapy ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Male ; Melanoma/*immunology/secondary/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: We report the observation of neural processing that occurs within 265 milliseconds after outcome stimuli that inform human participants about gains and losses in a gambling task. A negative-polarity event-related brain potential, probably generated by a medial-frontal region in or near the anterior cingulate cortex, was greater in amplitude when a participant's choice between two alternatives resulted in a loss than when it resulted in a gain. The sensitivity to losses was not simply a reflection of detecting an error; gains did not elicit the medial-frontal activity when the alternative choice would have yielded a greater gain, and losses elicited the activity even when the alternative choice would have yielded a greater loss. Choices made after losses were riskier and were associated with greater loss-related activity than choices made after gains. It follows that medial-frontal computations may contribute to mental states that participate in higher level decisions, including economic choices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gehring, William J -- Willoughby, Adrian R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2279-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525 East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA. wgehring@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ; *Economics ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Gambling/*psychology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Time Factors
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    Unraveling the causes of diabetes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):686-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/*etiology/*genetics/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism/secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism/physiology ; Life Style ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Mutation ; Obesity/metabolism/physiopathology ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 89
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    Spatiotemporal pattern of neural processing in the human auditory cortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: The principles that the auditory cortex uses to decipher a stream of acoustic information have remained elusive. Neural responses in the animal auditory cortex can be broadly classified into transient and sustained activity. We examined the existence of similar principles in the human brain. Sound-evoked, blood oxygen level-dependent signal response was decomposed temporally into independent transient and sustained constituents, which predominated in different portions-core and belt-of the auditory cortex. Converging with unit recordings, our data suggest that this spatiotemporal pattern in the auditory cortex may represent a fundamental principle of analyzing sound information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seifritz, Erich -- Esposito, Fabrizio -- Hennel, Franciszek -- Mustovic, Henrietta -- Neuhoff, John G -- Bilecen, Deniz -- Tedeschi, Gioacchino -- Scheffler, Klaus -- Di Salle, Francesco -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1706-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, 4025 Basel, Switzerland. erich.seifritz@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Containing bioterrorist smallpox (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: The need for a planned response to a deliberate introduction of smallpox has recently become urgent. We constructed a stochastic simulator of the spread of smallpox in structured communities to compare the effectiveness of mass vaccination versus targeted vaccination of close contacts of cases. Mass vaccination before smallpox introduction or immediately after the first cases was more effective than targeted vaccination in preventing and containing epidemics if there was no prior herd immunity (that is, no prior immunologic protection within the population). The effectiveness of postrelease targeted and mass vaccinations increased if we assumed that there was residual immunity in adults vaccinated before 1972, but the effectiveness of targeted vaccination increased more than that of mass vaccination. Under all scenarios, targeted vaccination prevented more cases per dose of vaccine than did mass vaccination. Although further research with larger-scale structured models is needed, our results suggest that increasing herd immunity, perhaps with a combination of preemptive voluntary vaccination and vaccination of first responders, could enhance the effectiveness of postattack intervention. It could also help targeted vaccination be more competitive with mass vaccination at both preventing and containing a deliberate introduction of smallpox.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halloran, M Elizabeth -- Longini, Ira M Jr -- Nizam, Azhar -- Yang, Yang -- R01-AI32042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1428-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. mehallo@sph.emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Algorithms ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; *Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Probability ; Smallpox/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Smallpox Vaccine ; Stochastic Processes ; United States ; *Vaccination
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    Looking at child labor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, James A -- Weisell, Robert -- Chevassus, Simon -- Martinez, Claudio D -- Burlingame, Barbara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1025-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; *Child Welfare ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Education ; *Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Male ; Poverty ; Sex Characteristics ; Sleep
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: We studied a large sample of male children from birth to adulthood to determine why some children who are maltreated grow up to develop antisocial behavior, whereas others do not. A functional polymorphism in the gene encoding the neurotransmitter-metabolizing enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) was found to moderate the effect of maltreatment. Maltreated children with a genotype conferring high levels of MAOA expression were less likely to develop antisocial problems. These findings may partly explain why not all victims of maltreatment grow up to victimize others, and they provide epidemiological evidence that genotypes can moderate children's sensitivity to environmental insults.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caspi, Avshalom -- McClay, Joseph -- Moffitt, Terrie E -- Mill, Jonathan -- Martin, Judy -- Craig, Ian W -- Taylor, Alan -- Poulton, Richie -- MH45070/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH49414/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):851-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/enzymology/*etiology/*genetics ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Child Abuse/*psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Environment ; Genetics, Behavioral ; Genotype ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Minisatellite Repeats/genetics ; Monoamine Oxidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Violence/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Psychopharmacology. The medication merry-go-round (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1646-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aging ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Labeling ; Drug Utilization ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Disorders/*drug therapy/pathology ; Patents as Topic ; *Psychopharmacology ; Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Viral threat to newborns under radar (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1631.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Research ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    The "big picture" in obesity research (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muhlhausler, Beverly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1091-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Humans ; Obesity/*embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Infectious diseases. Singapore lab faulted in SARS case (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1824.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Containment of Biohazards/*standards ; Humans ; Laboratories/*standards ; Laboratory Infection/*transmission ; Male ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*transmission ; Singapore
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Variant of SCN5A sodium channel implicated in risk of cardiac arrhythmia (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Every year, approximately 450,000 individuals in the United States die suddenly of cardiac arrhythmia. We identified a variant of the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A that is associated with arrhythmia in African Americans (P = 0.000028) and linked with arrhythmia risk in an African-American family (P = 0.005). In transfected cells, the variant allele (Y1102) accelerated channel activation, increasing the likelihood of abnormal cardiac repolarization and arrhythmia. About 13.2% of African Americans carry the Y1102 allele. Because Y1102 has a subtle effect on risk, most carriers will never have an arrhythmia. However, Y1102 may be a useful molecular marker for the prediction of arrhythmia susceptibility in the context of additional acquired risk factors such as the use of certain medications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Splawski, Igor -- Timothy, Katherine W -- Tateyama, Michihiro -- Clancy, Colleen E -- Malhotra, Alka -- Beggs, Alan H -- Cappuccio, Francesco P -- Sagnella, Giuseppe A -- Kass, Robert S -- Keating, Mark T -- HL53773/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL 67849/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL 56810/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL48074/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1333-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. igor@enders.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Aged ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology/*genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Child ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pedigree ; *Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Probability ; Risk Factors ; Sodium Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Syncope ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Nutrition. The vitamin D deficit (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1886-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; African Americans ; Aged ; Aging ; Breast Feeding ; Calcium/blood ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Requirements ; Rickets/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Sunlight ; United States/epidemiology ; Vitamin D/*administration & dosage/biosynthesis/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/*epidemiology/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Stem cells: still here, still waiting (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; *Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Mice ; Politics ; Public Policy ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Spying on the brain, one neuron at a time (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):78-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Dendrites/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Lasers ; Learning ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/methods ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Vibrissae/physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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