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  • Articles  (739)
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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 1980-1984  (739)
  • 1970-1974
  • Natural Sciences in General  (739)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 83-94 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning transmission electron microscopy ; Image contrast ; Inelastic scattering ; Thick specimens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: For scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images obtained with relatively small objective aperture sizes, the contrast of small objects contained within thick specimens may be considerably enhanced by using an off-axis detector aperture situated on the edge of the central beam spot. The effect is demonstrated for both crystalline and amorphous specimens. The effect arises because the detector collects part of the small angle inelastic scattering and is modified by refraction effects for specimens of rapidly changing thickness.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 107-130 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Phase contrast ; Computer simulation ; Partial coherence ; Electron microscopy ; Convergent beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A general method for computing high-resolution conventional transmission electron microscope images and diffraction patterns, when there are different types of partially coherent illumination conditions, is described. Examples of convergent beam, hollow cone, and virtual aperture illumination conditions are given in the context of interpreting image features. A comparison of real and computed diffraction patterns shows that, in practice, many innovative imaging modes are possible, which can be verified prior to real microscope experiments.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Synchronous digital image acquisition and scan generation (SDIASG) ; X-ray imaging ; Scanning transmission electron microscope ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: An intelligent interface has been designed to perform synchronous digital image acquistion and scan generation (SDIASG interface) for a microprocessor controlled Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (S(T)EM) with x-ray imaging. The SDIASG interface connects an LSI-11/2 microprocessor to a Philips EM400 electron microscope. The LSI-11/2 microprocessor is part of a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system. A system using the SDIASG interface is described. The system takes advantage of the SDIASG interface and a DeAnza VC5000 digital image display system to realize new capabilities that optimize conditions for x-ray mapping.A low characteristic x-ray count rate is generated by the ultrathin specimens from which high resolution x-ray maps can be obtained (Shuman et al, 1976; Somlyo and Shuman, 1982). This low count rate necessitates a long image accumulation time, which in turn makes drift correction essential for maintaining spatial resolution. The new capabilities of the system described here consist of real-time display and summation of consecutive image and x-ray maps, and automatic return to a high speed imaging mode between consecutive x-ray map passes. The new capabilities combine to allow frequent correction for specimen drift between consecutive x-ray mapping passes while still permitting a long total accumulation time for the x-ray maps.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Digital image processing ; Laplacin filter ; Scanning electron microscopy ; High-resolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Certain digital image-processing methods, which are useful for nonperiodic structural images, have been applied to high-resolution SEM images for the improvement of resolution. Samples utilized in the present study consisted of magnetic tape coated with gold, T4 phage coated with gold-palladium, and uncoated specimens of Prolamellar body (PLB) in Cucurbita moschata. These images were blurred and otherwise disturbed by electronic noise, though the images were taken at the limit of efficiency of intrinsic instrument. The major image-processing tool was the Laplacian filter, which subtracts the Laplacian from the original image. Noise, which is a serious problem in digital processing of high-resolution SEM images, was suppressed by the nonlinear type smoothing method. Also, the noise was evaluated by an autocorrelation function and a power spectrum of the image. By using these methods of “deblurring” and noise removal, we achieved better resolution, and structural details of our biological specimens were revealed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: GACH ; Amino-resin ; SEM ; Preparation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Biological specimens can be prepared for scanning electron microscopy by means of copolymerizing the fixing agent glutaraldehyde with carbohydrazide prior to air drying. Such preparations are more stable in the electron microscope, show less internal cellular disruption and retain more of their native elemental composition than specimens prepared by means of dehydration and critical-point drying. Specimens observed in the scanning electron microscope can often be recovered for thin sectioning with no additional embedment, and can then be observed by means of transmission elecltron microscopy. The preparation (termed GACH) can be performed in almost any laboratory with no specialized equipment and, for the most part, may be carried out at room temperature. The technique appears to provide the promise of further research applications in scanning electron microscopy which may employ conjugated procedures of immunocytochemistry and cathodoluminescence as well as X-ray microanalysis in limited situations.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 203-204 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 243-270 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Protein A-Gold ; Lowicryl ; Glycolmethacrylate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The postembedding protein A-gold immunocytochemical approach has been introduced as an alternative to other techniques for the ultrastructural localization of antigenic sites. The present review deals with the development, the theoretical background, and technical approach of the protein A-gold method as well as the different modifications introduced in order to enhance the resolution of the results and to perform double labelings on the same section. Various examples demonstrate the reliability and the wide range of application of this technique. In addition, some problems, pitfalls, and limitations particular to this method are reported.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular cell cultures ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described for obtaining optimal, reproducible ultrastructure of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells in culture. Routinely grown cultures are prepared for TEM with a precise regimen of fixation, postfixation, en bloc staining, dehydration, and embedment. The most important aspects of this procedure are the following: (1) fixation with a percentage-gradient series of glutaraldehyde solutions at 37°C, (2) immediate postfixation with osmium tetroxide solution, and (3) block-staining with uranyl acetate solution to eliminate any extraction of constituents during subsequent processing.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 289-298 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Epithelial cell ; Membrane ; Ecto-ATPase ; Stain-replica ; Plasma polymerization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A stain-replica technique is described for cytochemical examination of ecto-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity over the membrane surface of monolayer cell cultures. Rat liver epithelial cells grown on a plastic substrate were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated in situ in an ATPase-lead reaction medium, ethanol-dehydrated and air-dried. The cell surface of the monolayer cultures was replicated with plasma polymerization of hydrocarbon gas in the negative phase of glow discharge. X-ray microprobe analysis confirmed the site-specific deposition of lead phosphate in the polymer-replica films. The cytochemical localization of lead was mirrored in the replicas of epithelial cells, demonstrating that ATPase activity was expressed along the apical margins of cell-to-cell contacts. Little or no activity was present over the remainder of the smooth-surface membranes. In transformed epithelial cells, there were abundant reaction products over the microvilli and intercellular boundaries. These observations were consistent with biochemical data on the liver epithelial cells in culture and suggested the potential of surface-replica cytochemistry.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 373-385 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: TEM ; Parallax equation ; Freeze-etch ; Pt-C replication ; Hydrated spermidine-condensed DNA toruses ; Stereoheight measurements ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Stereoimaging of hydrated single complex macromolecules requires thin freeze-etch platinum-carbon replicas (≤200 Å) and that the transmission electron microscope (TEM) be equipped with a tilt-rotation eucentric goniometer stage. The original parallax equation is an accurate approximation for high-magnification work, micrographs (105 ×) being less than 0.3% in error. In addition, we have derived formulas for high-magnification work to measure heights, lateral distances, and the object tilt angle for an object not lying flat on the film surface. The accuracy of the height measurements is evaluated on spermidine-condensed DNA toruses. By using the maximum error equation derived from the original parallax equation, we discuss methods to improve the height measurement precision (95% fractile) to the 5-10 Å range.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 419-420 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 53-61 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cross-section specimen ; Thin films ; Interfaces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The structure and chemistry of thin solid films are best studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) when they are viewed in cross-section - that is, when the surface normal of the film is made perpendicular to the electron beam. In this orientation, the substrate, the thin film layers, and the interfaces between them can be imaged either simultaneously or individually. Further, information from each of these regions remains distinct from that obtained from the others, eliminating the problems of superimposition that are a consequence of viewing a layered structure in the conventional manner (i.e., parallel to the surface normal). A technique for fabricating TEM specimens that can be viewed in cross-section is described here. Although the majority of our work is with silicon-based materials, the technique can be readily adapted to the study of other systems.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Ion microscopy ; Correlative microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to correctly interpret the chemical images obtained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to correlate them with the information provided by conventional light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging (SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, we have devised a technique of specimen preparation which allows for the application of several different microanalytical techniques to a single histologic section mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for any element with atomic number 〉 9 using EPMA) and studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon (to prevent charging), the section can then be examined by SEI, BEI, and EPMA. Specific areas can be marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over features of interest. After sputter-coating the sample with platinum, metal-free shadows are visible using a low-power reflected light microscope available on a typical IM sample chamber as a guide for ion beam placement. The conductive coatings also minimize specimen charging during IM. Post-IM light microscopy, SEI, and BEI are used to confirm the location of specific areas probed in the IM experiments and to provide information on differential ion-sputtering artifacts and tissue contaminants. This new correlative technique should permit better understanding of the images obtained with these diverse instruments.
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  • 17
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 387-398 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultramicrotomy ; Serial sectioning ; Electronmicroscopy ; Seria reconstruction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The process of serial sectioning for electron microscopy has been refined such that loss of thin sections is kept below 0.1% and the series is continued at will. The method relies on microscopic control of all manipulative steps, Formvar casting on plate glass for coated slot grids, coating of the block with contact cement for reliable ribboning, pickup by a one-step method with grid support in the diamond knife trough, staining in LKB grid holders, gentle treatment of grids in the electron microscope, and a slight modification to the microscope for safe grid withdrawal. The results are particularly applicable to the reconstruction of neuronal microcircuits and larger volumes of neuropil.
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  • 18
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ceramics ; Electron microscopy ; Ion milling ; Specimen preparation ; Sputtering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Ion bombardment to perforation is a common technique in the materials sciences by which thin specimens can be prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The process is not without complication and involves radiation damage to the specimen and tends not to preserve the initial specimen topology. Some of the more important facets of the ion-milling process, pertinent to such specimen preparations, are described.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 9-29 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Quick freezing ; Synaptic vesicles ; Cholinergic nerve terminals ; Electric organ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The limitations of chemical fixation in permitting the 1:1 quantitative correlations required for convincing ultrastructural explanations of cell biological processes are noted. We describe techniques for obtaining highly reproducible direct quick freezing on the polished surface of pure copper bars dipping into a static dewar of liquid N2. The importance and the ease of testing and obtaining bounce suppression with commerically available equipment is emphasized. Artefacts caused by tissue damage and bad freezing are illustrated, and a hitherto unrecognized population of presynaptic membrane attached vesicles is described in Torpedine electric organ. Between 15 and 20% of the synaptic vesicles are attached to ca. 30% of the cytoplasmic face of the presynaptic terminal membrane. There is a close correlation between the occurrence of such attachments and the application of electrocyte basal lamina to the external face. We suggest that these vesicles are the ‘membrane operators,’ ‘vesigates,’ and ‘highly active subpopulation’ of vesicles whose existence has been invoked to explain biochemical data in other laboratories. We further speculate that relatively selective Ca pumping by this immediately submembranous population leads to displacement of acetylcholine (ACh) and reloading with newly synthesized ACh. The preferential release of the latter would then be expected.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 21
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 63-81 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Mask analysis ; Neuromuscular junction ; Acetylcholine receptor ; Junctional folds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Several methods of analyzing EM autoradiograms are now available. Two such procedures, the grain density distribution (or histogram) method and the mask method use the resolution of the EM autoradiographic technique to generate grain distributions expected from postulated sources, and compare these with the observed grains in the autoradiograms. These two methods are here compared in the analysis of label on linear sources: the distribution of labeled acetylcholine receptor (AChR) down the postjunctional folds of lizard and frog neuromuscular junctions. The receptors were labeled with I-25-α-bungarotoxin and the autoradiograms coated with the high resolution Kodak emulsion 129-01. We found that both methods gave similar results in confirming that the bulk of the AChR is concentrated on the thickened region of the membrane at the top ∼2000 A of the junctional folds, and that there may be a gradient of receptor concentration down the folds. The grain density distribution method is simpler, but does not lend itself easily to quantifying the extent of deviation from simple models. Although computer graphics is not necessary for either method, its use allows the expected grains from linear sources to be generated quickly, making the mask analysis a feasible routine method for assigning the extent of label in different membrane regions.
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  • 22
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microprobe ; X-ray analysis ; Kidney physiology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present investigation describes a modification of the liquid droplet technique that allows for the quantitative elemental analysis of small volumes (〈 100 picoliters) of aqueous biologic samples using a scanning transmission electron microscope (Philips 400 HTG-STEM) equipped with an EDAX energy dispersive detector. Aliquots of samples and standards were micropipetted onto solid beryllium supports under paraffin oil. The oil was washed with organic solvents and the samples frozen and freeze-dried. The samples were excited in a Philips 400-HTG-STEM by scanning a 1-μm, 20-kV electron beam over the surface of the droplets, and the X-ray spectra were collected. Measured X-ray intensities in characteristic peaks were found to be linearly related to the concentration of various elements in the sample. This work demonstrates the feasibility of performing quantitative elemental analysis of minute samples and cells in a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector.
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  • 23
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Critical point drying ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The principles and methods for constructing an improved chamber for dehydration and critical point drying of multiple biological samples are described. The specimen chamber design is based on vertical positioning of the electron microscope grids or coverslips and permits minimal perturbation of laminar solvent flow past the specimens. This condition is requisite for optimal exposure of samples to solvents, which is necessary for complete dehydration and drying. Fragile samples, including chromosomes, critical point dried in the multisample chamber demonstrate crisp, well-preserved, three-dimensional morphology.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Glomerular capillary endothelium ; Vascular perfusion ; Freeze-cracking ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Modern morphological investigation requires the use of a variety of technological approaches and the employment of rigorous morphometric analysis for an adequate evaluation of the structural and ultrastructural features of a tissue or organ. The introduction of the technique of freeze-cracking of tissue to expose new surfaces has made it possible to quantitate the normal surface characteristics of the glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney. This report describes the techniques used for the preparation and quantitative assessment of normal glomerular endothelial morphology. The techniques of in vivo and in vitro vascular perfusion of kidneys as a method of fixation and the freeze-cracking of tissue are outlined in detail. In addition, a morphometric analysis of the endothelial surface characteristics are described and values are reported for the control rat and human kidneys from transplant donors.
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  • 25
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 205-206 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 26
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Monolayer cells ; preparation for SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Monolayers of PtK-1 and HeLa cells grown on glass or plastic supports are extremely susceptible to lacerations, e.g., splits and cracks caused mainly by shrinkage when prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We find that a four-step fixation procedure including glutaraldehyde, OsO4, tannic acid, and uranylacetate application, in combination with critical point drying, drastically reduces these structural damages. In addition, the conductivity of the specimens is enhanced, so that they can be investigated without gold coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of perpendicular sections in the area of lacerations provides evidence that the subcortical cytoskeletal elements are of crucial importance in maintaining cell membrane stability during the preparations. Our relatively quick and simple procedure results in an improved structural appearance of the cells.
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  • 27
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Zone-axis patterns ; Convergent-beam diffraction ; Tanaka method ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The “Tanaka” method is one of several techniques that make it possible to obtain zone-axis electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope without the restriction in the field of view that limits normal convergent-beam diffraction patterns.The method employs a convergent-beam of electrons focused to a probe in a plane that does not coincide with the specimen. The selected area aperture can then be used to eliminate all but one of the diffracted beams to obtain the desired pattern. Practical details of operation and values of operating parameters are discussed.The Tanaka method is a useful addition to the techniques available to the electron microscopist, especially since no instrumental modification is required.
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  • 28
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 311-312 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 29
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 315-316 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 30
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 31
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 349-372 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Enzyme-gold ; Cytochemistry ; Nucleic acids ; Elastin ; Collagen ; Glycogen ; Xylans ; Chitins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The enzyme-gold postembedding approach has been introduced recently in the field of cytochemistry for the ultrastructural localization of macromolecules. This technique is based on the affinity properties existing between an enzyme and its substrate. The possibility of detecting substrate molecules by applying enzyme-gold complexes has been established. The present review deals with the development and the technical approach of this method. Various applications are reported for the demonstration of the reliability of the technique that yields results of high specificity and resolution. In addition, some technical problems and limitations particular to this method are reported and discussed.
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  • 32
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Particle size ; Electron microscopy ; Microcomputer programs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A formula is derived to enable the calculation of the true height of an object, such as a shadowed latex bead, from electron micrographs. Knowing only the angle of shadowing and the length of the evaporated shadow, and by substituting these values in the derived formula, a microcomputer may be programmed to carry out the necessary computations. An example of such a microcomputer program is given. The correct determination of the height of particles by electron microscopy using the shadowing technique is one of the most accurate methods available for the determination of small particle height.
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  • 33
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 34
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 209-209 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 35
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 36
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 227-241 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: PEG method ; resinless section ; microtrabeculae ; cytoplasmic sol et gel ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A simple and reliable method to make resinless sections for electron microscopy was recently developed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a transient embedding media. In this paper the practical procedure of this PEG method is described in detail. Normal ultrastructure of several types of in-situ cells in resinless sections is demonstrated. The cytoplasmic matrix of all in-situ cells examined is revealed to consist of the microtrabecular lattice. A result from application of this technique to immuno-electron microscopy is also illustrated. This method is shown to have potential in overcoming the problem of intracellular penetration of macromolecular antibodies. Several artifacts caused by failures in specimen preparations are displayed. The real or artifactual nature of the microtrabecula is briefly discussed.
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  • 37
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Coal analysis ; Mounting medium ; Polished sections ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A high electron-density embedding medium was developed for SEM observation of inorganic constituents of organic or carbonaceous particles. The components used are a common epoxy resin in which iodoform is dissolved before the addition of the hardener. An iodoform content of 10% by weight proved satisfactory for obtaining excellent contrast between the matrix and embedded carbonaceous particles in the SEM. The system has been successfully applied in the preparation of polished specimens of coal particles. There is no interference between the iodine and any of the most abundant or most important coal mineral components, but it was found that the epoxy resin contained chlorine as a contaminant.
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  • 38
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 39
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 40
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Photography ; Point source enlarger ; Electron micrograph ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Point source enlargers may cause unusual types of printing defects. One type is a large spot in the center of the enlarged picture field that sometimes appears when the edges of negatives are not adequately masked during printing. Another type is a blurry image caused by a defect in the polycontrast filter. The defect appears in the filter as a small spot of about 1/8-inch diameter, formed, presumably, by heat from the focused beam of the point source light. A spot defect of this type is difficult to see by a cursory visual examination of the filter and may develop unnoticed and persist for months before it is finally recognized.
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  • 41
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 151-174 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Rapid freezing ; Cryosectioning ; X-ray microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electrically stimulated heart muscle preparations can be quickly frozen in undercooled propane at defined times of the mechanically controlled contraction cycle. The apparatus for triggered freezing of the muscle strips in undercooled propane is described in detail. Freeze substitution of some strips after freezing shows the degree of ice crystal formation without the potential interference of artifacts introduced later by cryosectioning and freeze drying. Ultrathin longitudinal and transversal cryosections are cut with a LKB cryoultramicrotome at temperatures of -130 to -140°C, freeze-dried at 10-6 Torr vacuum and carbon-coated before analysis. The freeze-dried cryosections are analyzed in a Siemens Elmiskop 102 electron microscope equipped with a Kevex energy dispersive system, and the elemental concentrations (in mMol/kg d.w.) of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca are determined in subcellular compartments of muscle frozen in different functional states. The methodology of quantitation, i.e, determination of elemental net peak and continuum, correction of continuum, preparation of standards, and deconvolution of overlapping peaks are described. The minimum detectable elemental concentration using the reported methods is in the range of a few mMol/kg d.w. This also applies to Ca, which can be accumulated in heart muscle in readily detectable amounts in intracellularly located stores as well as structures connected with the cell membrane. The present report shows that cryotechniques and x-ray microanalysis can be successfully applied to heart physiology.
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  • 42
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 43
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron energy loss spectroscopy ; Parallel detection ; Photodiode assays ; Fluorescent screens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The present report paper deals with the use of a photodiode array for recording electron energy loss spectra in a transmission electron microscope. Important properties of the array are outlined, together with a description of the circuitry needed for interfacing the output to a multichannel analyser.In the direct-exposure mode, the device can easily detect a single (80 or 100 keV) electron, allowing inner-shell energy losses between 200 eV and 2000 eV to be recorded in about 10 seconds. By signal averaging a large number of readouts, a dynamic range of at least 105 is possible. Irradiation damage to the array can be controlled by cooling the array and by various anealing procedures. Sensitivity and DQE are lower, but the dynamic range is higher in the indirect mode, where a fluorescent screen is used to convert the electrons into visible photons, which are then imaged onto the diodes. The choice of screen material and of optical coupling to the array are discussed. Several spectral artifacts are described, together with spectrum-processing techniques designed to remove them.
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  • 44
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 97-98 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 45
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 210-210 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 46
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Vascular casts ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Vascular anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Corrosion casts provide three dimensional replicas that can be examined readily by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They are prepared by filling vascular networks with polymerizing plastic and then digesting away the tissue. As based on our studies of ocular vessels, this report describes the vascular anatomy, as well as the artifacts, that are encountered during SEM studies of such preparations.
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  • 47
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    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 317-329 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Opioids ; Receptors ; Brain ; Radioautography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Two met-enkephalin analogs (FK 33-824 and FW 34-569, Sandoz) were utilized for in vitro labeling of opioid binding sites in the rat central nervous system. Binding kinetics determined in 20-μm-thick frozen tissue sections of the striatum revealed that both pentapeptides bind to a single population of sites at 20°C with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 1-2 nM and a maximum capacity (B max) of 65-170 fmoles/mg protein. Radioautographic data suggest that this population is the same for iodinated and tritiated forms of the FK compound and the iodinated FW analog. Fixation of labeled sections with high concentrations of glutaraldehyde allowed proportional retention of more than 50% of specifically bound 125I-FK molecules in all brain regions after histological processing for high-resolution radioautography. In contrast, glutaraldehyde fixation did not prevent the loss of bound 125I-FW molecules. These differences are attributed to the presence in FK, but not in FW molecules, of a free primary amino group considered essential for cross-link formation between aldehydes and proteins, and imply that a majority of FK-receptor complexes may be stabilized by glutaraldehyde. Consistent with this observation is the fact that the radioautographic distribution of specifically bound 125I-FK was unchanged after fixation and dehydration. In electron microscopic radioautographs prepared from prefixed, vibratome-cut striatal sections that were incubated with 125I-FK and fixed with glutaraldehyde, silver grains were found to be mostly associated with neuronal plasma membrane interfaces. The present methodological approach thus appears to be compatible with electron microscopic localization of opioid binding sites in the central nervous system and might be applicable to the localization of other types of binding sites using radioligand molecules that contain a free primary amino group.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: The enzyme NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase was identified by indirect immunofluorescence in hepatocytes, bronchioles, and proximal tubules of liver, lung, and kidney, respectively, of rats and minipigs that had been injected with phenobarbital or saline. The distribution of this component of the cytochrome P-450-mediated microsomal system may be relevant to sites of drug toxicity and carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dees, J H -- Coe, L D -- Yasukochi, Y -- Masters, B S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1473-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Kidney/drug effects/*enzymology ; Liver/drug effects/*enzymology ; Lung/drug effects/*enzymology ; Male ; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Phenobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: The highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, suppresses the increase in uterine L-ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with early embryogenesis in the mouse and arrests embryonic development at that stage. Contragestational effects were confirmed in the rat and rabbit. An increase in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity that leads to a rapid increase in putrescine concentration appears to be essential during a critical period after implantation for continued mammalian embryonal growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fozard, J R -- Part, M L -- Prakash, N J -- Grove, J -- Schechter, P J -- Sjoerdsma, A -- Koch-Weser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Eflornithine ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Uterus/drug effects/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freidinger, R M -- Veber, D F -- Perlow, D S -- Brooks, J R -- Saperstein, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lactams ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Cytochemical staining of demyelinated peripheral axons revealed two types of axon membrane organization, one of which suggests that the demyelinated axolemma acquires a high density of sodium channels. Ferric ion-ferrocyanide stain was confined to a restricted region of axon membrane at the beginning of a demyelinated segment or was distributed throughout the demyelinated segment of axon. The latter pattern represents one possible morphological correlate of continuous conduction through a demyelinated segment and suggests a reorganization of the axolemma after demyelination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, R E -- Whalen, C C -- Waxman, S G -- NS-15320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; Neurilemma/*metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: A new N-methylpurine riboside (doridosine), probably N1-Methylisoguanosine, was isolated from the digestive glands of a nudibranch. Doridosine produces prolonged hypotension and bradycardia in anesthetized rats, decreases the rate and the amplitude of contraction of guinea pig atria in vitro, and causes the heart rate in anesthetized mice to be reduced by 50 percent for many hours after which the animals recover completely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuhrman, F A -- Fuhrman, G J -- Kim, Y H -- Pavelka, L A -- Mosher, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents/*isolation & purification ; Guanosine/*analogs & derivatives/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Mice ; Mollusca/analysis ; Rats
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Analysis of extracts of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei showed that both DNA polymerase-alpha and DNA polymerase-beta activities were present. The detection of DNA polymerase-beta in T. brucei demonstrates the presence of this enzyme in unicellular organisms. DNA polymerase-beta is present also in Leishmania mexicana. The DNA polymerases in T. brucei are immunologically distinct from the host enzymes. The structural differences between the parasite and the host enzymes could be exploited for the development of agents to combat parasitic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, L M -- Cheriathundam, E -- Mahoney, E M -- Cerami, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):510-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chickens ; DNA Polymerase I/analysis ; DNA Polymerase II/analysis ; DNA Polymerase III/analysis ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis ; Fishes ; Immune Sera ; Leishmania/*enzymology ; Molecular Weight ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 54
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Lanosterol, a cholesterol precursor that increases considerably in the platelets of rats treated with oral contraceptives, was incubated with either platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspension. After 2 minutes there was a remarkable dose-related increase in platelet activity. This platelet hyperactivity was measured by clotting time and platelet aggregation could not be reproduced by cholesterol or ethinylestradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciavatti, M -- Dumont, E -- Benoit, C -- Renaud, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation/*drug effects ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lanosterol/*pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodale, D P -- Rusterholz, D B -- Long, J P -- Flynn, J R -- Walsh, B -- Cannon, J G -- Lee, T -- GM 12675/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-22365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Levodopa/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Naphthols ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/*drug effects ; *Tetrahydronaphthalenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: Many types of cells methylate phospholipids using two methyltransferase enzymes that are asymmetrically distributed in membranes. As the phospholipids are successively methylated, they are translocated from the inside to the outside of the membrane. When catecholamine neurotransmitters, lectins, immunoglobulins or chemotaxic peptides bind to the cell surface, they stimulate the methyltransferase enzymes and reduce membrane viscosity. The methylation of phospholipids is coupled to Ca2+ influx and the release of arachidonic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, and prostaglandins. These closely associated biochemical changes facilitate the transmission of many signals through membranes, resulting in the generation of adenosine 3',5'-monophophate in many cell types, release of histamine in mast cells and basophils, mitogenesis in lymphocytes, and chemotaxis in neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirata, F -- Axelrod, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1082-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6157192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Histamine Release ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Morphine and beta-endorphin inhibit the shaking response of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats to ice water. Stereotaxically guided administration of antibodies to cerebroside sulfate into the periaqueductal gray region, the most sensitive brain region in which to demonstrate inhibition of this response, antagonizes the effect of morphine and beta-endorphin. These results suggest that cerebroside sulfate may be an integral component of an opiate receptor in rat brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craves, F B -- Zalc, B -- Leybin, L -- Baumann, N -- Loh, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):75-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Biological Assay ; Brain/*immunology ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Endorphins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Morphine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*immunology ; Sulfoglycosphingolipids/*immunology
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 can occur throughout the epidermis in the dermis when hypopigmented Caucasian skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation. Once previtamin D3 is formed in the skin, it undergoes a temperature-dependent thermal isomerization that takes at least 3 days to complete. The vitamin D-binding protein preferentially translocates the thermal product, vitamin D3, into the circulation. These processes suggest a unique mechanism for the synthesis, storage, and slow, steady release of vitamin D3 from the skin into the circulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holick, M F -- MacLaughlin, J A -- Clark, M B -- Holick, S A -- Potts, J T Jr -- Anderson, R R -- Blank, I H -- Parrish, J A -- Elias, P -- AM25395-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM27334-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):203-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cholecalciferol/*biosynthesis ; Cholestadienols/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Photochemistry ; Rats ; Skin/cytology/*metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Both natural (-)-morphine and its unnatural enantiomer (+)-morphine exert an excitatory action on electrically stimulated contractions of rat vas deferens. Preexposure to (-)-morphine results in cross-tolerance to the inhibitory action of beta-endorphin. (-)-Naloxone and its stereoisomer (+)-naloxone also exert an excitatory action, but only (-)-naloxone bocks the inhibtory action of beta-endorphin. Thus morphine exerts a dual action on a peripheral organ: one an inhibitory action mediated by the stereospecific endorphin receptor that is blocked stereospecifically by naloxone, the other an excitatory action mediated by a nonstereospecific receptor that is not blocked by naloxone. The opiate abstinence syndrome is seen as due to the unmasking of the excitatory action of opiates when its concomitant inhibitory influence is removed by selective blockade by naloxone or weakened by selective tolerance. The view that the rat vas deferens is devoid of morphine receptors is now seen as arising from a reverse example of morphine's dual action: the masking of the inhibitory action of morphine by its concomitant and more potent excitatory action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacquet, Y F -- DA 00367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Endorphins/pharmacology ; Male ; Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotics/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Stereoisomerism ; Substance P/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/*drug effects
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: Comparison was made of the distribution of the insulin receptor sites on adipocyte and liver plasma membranes by using ferritin-insulin. Two-thirds of the occupied insulin receptors on adipocytes occurred in groups of two or more whereas up to two-thirds of the receptors on liver occurred as single receptors. Ferritin-insulin did not cause aggregation of the receptor sites in either tissue. The naturally occurring groups of receptors on adipocyte membranes may play a role in the greater sensitivity of adipocytes to insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jarett, L -- Schweitzer, J B -- Smith, R M -- AM 20097/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AM 07296/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver/*ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Fluidity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; *Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Rats and guinea pigs, when immunized with mouse nerve growth factor, produce antibodies that cross-react with their own nerve growth factor. The antibodies reach developing offspring of these animals both prenatally (rats and guinea pigs) and postnatally (rats). Depriving the fetus of nerve growth factor in this way results in the destruction of up to 85 percent of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as destruction of sympathetic neurons. Sensory neurons of placodal origin in the nodose ganglion were not affected. These data demonstrate that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, E M Jr -- Gorin, P D -- Brandeis, L D -- Pearson, J -- HD12260/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL20604/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):916-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Guinea Pigs ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Milk/immunology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Treatment of pregnant rats with reserpine prevented the normal disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence in presumptive neuroblasts of the embryonic gut. These cells normally express the noradrenergic phenotype transiently during embryonic development. The effect of reserpine was reproduced by treating mothers with hydrocortisone acetate. Moreover, the reserpine effect was blocked by treatment with dexamethasone, which inhibits the stress-induced increase in plasma glucocorticoids, and by mitotone, which causes adrenocortical cytolysis. It is concluded that reserpine, through the mediation of maternal glucocorticoid hormones, alters the phenotypic expression of these embryonic neuroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonakait, G M -- Bohn, M C -- Black, I B -- HD 12108/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 06400/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Intestines/*embryology/innervation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Reserpine/*pharmacology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*embryology
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1980-11-14
    Description: The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis has been implicated as the site of receptors mediating central responses of angiotensin II. Up to now, this had been based on indirect evidence, but direct visualization of angiotensin II at its site of action has now been achieved by the use of a biologically active fluorescent angiotensin II agonist. The ventricular surface of the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis showed intense fluorescence, which was virtually eliminated by an excess of unlabeled angiotensin II.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landas, S -- Phillips, M I -- Stamler, J F -- Raizada, M K -- AM25295/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL14388/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 14;210(4471):791-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/*metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral Ventricles/*metabolism ; Drinking Behavior/physiology ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The survival of isolated rat islets transplanted into diabetic mice was prolonged markedly by maintaining the rat islets in vitro at 24 degrees C for 7 days before transplantation and administering to the recipients a single injection of antiserum to mouse and rat lymphocytes shortly before transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lacy, P E -- Davie, J M -- Finke, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):283-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Immunosuppression ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplantation, Isogeneic
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Single implantation of microencapsulated islets into rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes corrected the diabetic state for 2 to 3 weeks. The microencapsulated islets remained morphologically and functionally intact throughout long-term culture studies lasting over 15 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, F -- Sun, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):908-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6776628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alginates/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Permeability ; Rats ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The antihistaminic over-the-counter drug methapyrilene hydrochloride, mixed with food at a concentration of 0.1 percent, was administered to 50 male and 50 female Fischer rats. A second group of 50 male and 50 female rats was given the same treatment together with 0.2 percent of sodium nitrite added to the food. Almost all of the rats in both groups developed liver neoplasms, mainly hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. The first rat died with a liver neoplasm at the 43rd week. Over 50 percent of the rats in both groups had metastases from the carcinomas of the liver to distant organs. Control rats treated with nitrite only, or untreated, did not develop liver neoplasms. There was no discernible effect of nitrite on the carcinogenicity of methapyrilene hydrochloride.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lijinsky, W -- Reuber, M D -- Blackwell, B N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):817-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopyridines/*toxicity ; Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically induced/pathology ; Male ; Methapyrilene/*toxicity ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitrites ; Rats
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Extracts from several different photocopies were mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay. The mutagenic behavior was similar for extracts from copies and corresponding toners indicating that toners are directly responsible for the mutagenicity. The mutagenicity is caused by at least two classes of compounds which may be present either alone or in combination in any toner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lofroth, G -- Hefner, E -- Alfheim, I -- Mooller, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6996094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; Carbon ; *Copying Processes ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Photography ; Pyrenes/adverse effects ; Rats ; Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Sympathetic axons, normally innervating the extracerebral vasculature, sprout into denervated regions of the hippocampal formation after lesions of the medial septal nucleus or fimbria in adult female rats. Similar lesions in adult males also elicit the sympathetic ingrowth; however, the number of anomalous axons is greatly reduced and their distribution is altered. In adult males the sympathetic axons do not send out collaterals within the stratum oriens of region CA3 or the molecular layer or deep hilar regions of the area dentata, as they do in adult females. Lesions in juveniles of both sexes result in more vigorous sprouting than in their adult counterparts. In the young males the anomalous axons are distributed more extensively into the dentate molecular layer; in the young females the axons merely send out more collaterals within the same regions as in the adults. This sexually dimorphic response to central nervous system damage suggests either that the sprouting is affected by the hormonal environment of the mature hippocampal system or that this brain region, like the hypothalamus, may express permanent morphological or physiological differences as a result of exposure to sex steroids during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loy, R -- Milner, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1282-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Axons/growth & development ; Denervation ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/cytology ; Rats ; *Sex ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*cytology/growth & development
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: A transient increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine biosynthesis occurs in the intestinal mucosa of the newborn rat in the third week after birth. During this period, there is a rapid conversion of the mucosa from a fetal to a mature adult status. A similar increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity also accompanies the rapid recovery of the mucosa 1 week after an injury is induced by chemotherapy in adult rats. In vivo, alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, a highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor, suppresses these increases in mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and delays both intestinal mucosal maturation and recovery from injury. Thus increased ornithine decarboxylase activity, with the resultant increase in polyamine content, may play an essential role in intestinal mucosal maturation and regeneration in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lux, G D -- Marton, L J -- Baylin, S B -- 5-R01-18404/PHS HHS/ -- 5-T32-AM-07192-03/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- P50-HL-19157-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Putrescine/metabolism ; Rats ; Spermidine/metabolism ; Wound Healing
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macklin, A W -- Welch, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):129-30, 132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopyrine/adverse effects/toxicity ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagens ; Phenacetin/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/toxicity ; Rats
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Nuclear receptors for both estradiol and progesterone were present in twofold higher concentrations in implantation sites than in nonimplantation regions of the endometrium of 6-day pregnant rats. Decidualization in the absence of an embryo was not accompanied by a similar increase in the concentration of nuclear receptors. Moreover, this difference in receptor distribution between the implantation and nonimplantation areas persisted when a major part of the maternal supply of sex steroids was suppressed by ovariectomy on day 5 of pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that steroids originating from the embryo affect the endometrial implantation site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logeat, F -- Sartor, P -- Hai, M T -- Milgrom, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*metabolism ; Castration ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Decidua/metabolism ; Endometrium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Pregnancy ; Pseudopregnancy ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: Studies of the effect of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on local cerebral glucose utilization by means of the carbon-14-labeled deoxyglucose method demonstrate a dose-dependent metabolic activation in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus in the rat. Apomorphine stimulated glucose utilization in a number of other cerebral structures, but only the effect in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus depended on an intact retinal input. This effect was present with the animal in the light or in the dark, but was abolished by enucleation, which left the effects in other cerebral structures unimpaired. Activation of the superificial layer of the superior colliculus appears, therefore, to be secondary to an action of apomorphine on dopaminergic systems within the retina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCulloch, J -- Savaki, H E -- McCulloch, M C -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):313-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/*pharmacology ; Dark Adaptation ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/drug effects/*metabolism ; Visual Cortex/metabolism ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: Blue light converts bilirubin in the skin of jaundiced rats to metastable geometric isomers that are transported in blood and excreted in bile. The same reaction probably occurs in jaundiced babies exposed to light, particularly during treatment with phototherapy. Excretion of unisomerized bilirubin is prevented by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and the pigment has to be metabolized to more polar derivatives to be excreted efficiently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonagh, A F -- Palma, L A -- Lightner, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):145-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile/analysis ; Bilirubin/*blood/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/therapy ; Liver/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Conformation ; *Phototherapy ; Rats ; Skin/*radiation effects ; Spectrophotometry ; Stereoisomerism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: The development of gap junctions between insulin-containing B cells was quantitatively analyzed in islets of Langerhans isolated from rats treated with the sulfonylurea glibenclamid for 1, 2, or 7 days. Glibenclamid treatment was associated with a marked depletion of the insulin content of B cells and with an increase in the number and size of gap junctions between these cells. A significance correlation was found between these two events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meda, P -- Halban, P -- Perrelet, A -- Renold, A E -- Orci, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication/drug effects ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Glyburide/*pharmacology ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Intercellular Junctions/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Rats
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Rats maintained on a 12-hour light-dark cycle were tested for pain sensitivity after being deprived of food during either the dark or the light phase of the cycle. Diurnal fluctuations in pain sensitivity were observed. The fluctuations followed food intake patterns rather than a natural circadian rhythm, with food deprivation producing a decrease in pain sensitivity. The analgesic response produced by this mild food deprivation was strongly attenuated by naloxone or feeding, suggesting that endogenous opioid systems may be related to patterns of food intake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGivern, R F -- Berntson, G G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):210-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7191143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Food Deprivation ; Male ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Rats
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: The interaction of endogenous opiates and stress-induced eating in rats was evaluated by pharmacological manipulation. Eating induced by the tail-pinch method was inhibited by the opitate antagonist naloxone; after being repeatedly stressed over a 10-day period and then given nalozone, the rats behaved in a manner indistinguishable from the "wet-dog" shakes of opiate withdrawal. Thus endogenous opiates may have a role in the control of stress-related eating, a finding that may have therapeutic implications for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morley, J E -- Levine, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cholecystokinin/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Male ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Dissociated embryonic rat myocardial cells and chick myocardial cells labeled with radioactive isotope coaggregate and establish intercellular junctions. These bispecific cells reconstruct synchronously beating myocardial tissue within 24 hours of culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nag, A C -- Cheng, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; *Cell Aggregation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Heart/*embryology ; Intercellular Junctions/ultrastructure ; Mosaicism ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: High mortality rate in rats with large medial preoptic lesions discourage their use in studies of brain function. However, virtually all such animals (six out of seven) survived indefinitely if kept at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees C for 2 hours before and 10 to 12 hours after the lesions were made. Although these rats appeared otherwise healthy, they could not maintain normal both temperatures in short-term cold tests. In contrast, five of the nine rats kept at 25 degrees C died within 10 hours after the operation, and three more died within 5 days. Rats kept at 25 degrees C had a much higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias than did rats kept at 15 degrees C, which may be responsible for their higher moratlity rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagel, J A -- Satinoff, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; Brain/physiology ; *Cold Temperature ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Preoptic Area/*physiology/surgery ; Rats ; Vasoconstriction
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, A W -- Frankel, J B -- Heldt, A M -- Grodsky, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/*deficiency ; Glucagon/secretion ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*secretion ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus involved in feeding and satiety are activated by gastrointestinal receptors. In the unrestrained rat, sites were first identified at which norepinephrine injected in the medial hypothalamus caused spontaneous feeding, or in the lateral hypothalamus caused no response. The activity of in vivo norepinephrine at these two sites was characterized by localized push-pull perfusion. When a nutrient was infused directly into the rat's duodenum, the synaptic release of hypothalamic norepinephrine was enhanced at lateral sites insensitive to norepinephrine, but suppressed at medial sites reactive to norepinephrine. Thus, signals from duodenal receptors are conceivably sent to the rat's brain to end feeding by way of noradrenergic inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R D -- McCaleb, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Duodenum/innervation/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Glucose ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: The epoxide hydrolase activities of the 100,000 g pellet (microsomal) and 100,00 g soluble (cystosolic) fractions of mouse, rat, and guinea pig liver were measured with three closely related compounds used as substrates. Differences between the species in the distribution of the cytosolic and microsomal hydrolases and in their substrate specificities and pH optima demonstrate why epoxide hydrolase activity in the cytosolic fraction was not detected earlier in spie of intensive work on the microsomal epoxide hydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ota, K -- Hammock, B D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allyl Compounds ; Animals ; Benzene ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Epoxide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liver/*enzymology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver/enzymology ; Rats ; Styrenes ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-20
    Description: beta-Receptors were identified in rat brain by a light microscopic autoradiographic technique. The procedure involved binding 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-receptors in intact slide-mounted tissue sections and generating autoradiograms by the apposition of emulsion-coated cover slips, Biochemical analysis of the binding indicated that these conditions provided a high degree of selective labeling of beta-receptors. High densities of receptors were found in superficial layers of the cerebral cortex, throughout the caudate-putamen, in the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus, in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, and in other areas. These results are in agreement with other electrophysiological and histochemical data. This radiohistochemical approach should be an important addition to other methods for mapping functional catecholamine neuronal pathways and sites of hormonal action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palacios, J M -- Kuhar, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 20;208(4450):1378-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6246585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography/*methods ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Microscopy ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*analysis ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*analysis
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmerino, C C -- Rusiniak, K W -- Garcia, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Lithium/poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: There is less hyperactive motor activity and better avoidance performance in rat pups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine as neonates and reared with vehicle-treated littermates than in pups reared in litters composed solely of other 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals. Thus, in this experimental model of hyperactivity, an environmental manipulation provides an alternative to pharmacologic agents in reducing activity and improving learning performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, D E -- Teicher, M H -- Shaywitz, B A -- Cohen, D J -- Young, J G -- Anderson, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; *Environment ; Hydroxydopamines/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: A synthetic peptide, representing a portion of the 16K (16,000 dalton)-fragment sequence within the pro-adrenocorticotropin/endorphin precursor molecule, potentiates the steroidogenic action of the 1 to 24 portion of adrenocorticotropin [ACTH(1-24)] on the rat adrenal cortex. The peptide has 27 amino acid residues and consists of gamma-melanotropin with a carboxyl terminal extension. It affects both the inner and outer adrenocortical zones of hypophysectomized animals, as evidenced by a synergistic augmentation of corticosterone and aldosterone production, respectively. The peptide can be distinguished from adrenocorticotropin by its activation of cholesterol ester hydrolase and its failure to stimulate cholesterol side-chain cleavage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, R C -- Brownie, A C -- Ling, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1044-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6246578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/*drug effects/metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*biosynthesis ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology ; Aldosterone/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Corticosterone/biosynthesis ; Endorphins/pharmacology ; Female ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/*pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Protein Precursors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sterol Esterase/metabolism
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: The activities of cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase, an enzyme marker for oligodendrocytes, and glutamine synthetase, an enzyme marker for astrocytes, were studied at early (21 to 26) and late (82 to 88) cell passages. The activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase was markedly high and that of glutamine synthetase was low in the early passages, but this relation was reversed in the late passages. These findings suggest a "transdifferentiation" of C6 glial cells with passage in culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, K K -- Norenberg, M D -- Vernadakis, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6102413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/enzymology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism ; Neuroglia/*enzymology ; Oligodendroglia/enzymology ; Rats
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Extended treatment of rats with lithium inhibits the increase in the number of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors that occurs in their denervated skeletal muscle. In normal muscle, lithium reduces the number of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. These changes appear to be a relatively specific effect of lithium on the turnover of receptors. Skeletal muscle provides an accessible system for analyzing the role of lithium (and other cations) in the regulation of cell surface receptors. This regulation may play a role in the mechanism by which lithium prevents recurrent manic-depressive episodes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pestronk, A -- Drachman, D B -- 5P01-NS10920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01-HD04817/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):342-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscles/*drug effects/metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peroutka, S J -- Snyder, S H -- 5T32GM0309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Freshly ejaculated, noncapacitated boar sperm bind rapidly and in large numbers to pig egg zona pellucida in vitro. In the present study, the number of sperm bound decreased sharply when sperm motility was lowered by energy poisons or by reducing the temperature. Highly motile sperm from humans, guinea pigs, and rats, added at concentrations ten times higher than control sperm, did not bind to the porcine zona. At the same high concentration, a small number of hamster and bull sperm bound to the zona. Binding of boar sperm to the zona pellucida was blocked almost completely by diluted whole antiserum to sperm plasma membranes and by univalent (Fab) antibody to these membranes. When antibody to sperm plasma membrane was first absorbed with plasma membrane vesicles, sperm binding was not inhibited. These results provide direct evidence for the existence of sperm plasma membrane receptors for the zona pellucida of the pig.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, R N -- Russell, L -- Bundman, D -- Freund, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Male ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Swine ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: Fat cells or fat cell membranes were briefly subjected to mild proteolysis under conditions where insulin receptors were either free or bound to (125)I-labeled insulin. When receptors were then affinity-labeled to visualize the effects of this treatment, it was observed that receptors that had been occupied by ligand during proteolysis exhibited greater rates of degradation than unoccupied receptors. These results demonstrate that insulin-receptor interaction induces a change in receptor structure that may be related to signal transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pilch, P F -- Czech, M P -- AM 06069/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 17893/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD 11343/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1152-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Male ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/*metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: The rate at which glucose enters nerve terminals in muscle was estimated indirectly by measuring changes in miniature end-plate potential frequency D-Glucose entered nerve terminals in muscles with a fast twitch more rapidly than it entered those with a slow twitch. This suggests that nerve terminals in fast- and slow-twitch muscles differ in their rate of metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickett, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):927-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Nerve Endings/*metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/*metabolism ; Osmolar Concentration ; Rats
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Cerebrovascular permeability of four modified opioid peptides--[D-Ala2]methionine enkephalin amide, beta-[D-Ala62,14C-Homoarg69]lipotropin 61 -69, alpha-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg9]endorphin, and beta-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg]endorphin--ranged from 1.4 to 3.9 X 10(-6) centimeters per second in brain regions of the conscous rat. These significant permeabilities should allow the peptides to fill the extracellular brain space with a half time of 3 to 11 minutes, as a result of a step increase in plasma concentration of unbound peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapoport, S I -- Klee, W A -- Pettigrew, K D -- Ohno, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):84-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*metabolism ; Capillary Permeability ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Solubility ; beta-Lipotropin/*metabolism
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Intravenous infections of minute doses of triiodothyronine were administered to thyroidectomized rats 30 minutes before they were killed. Hepatic mitochondria were isolated rapidly and formation of adenosine triphosphate and consumption of oxygen were assessed by a 2-minute incubation. Hormone injection enhanced formation of adenosine triphosphate 114 to 217 percent over control values, with a proportionate increase in consumption of oxygen. The ratio of phosphate to oxygen was about 2.0, signifying tightly coupled oxidative phosphorylation. Stimulation was not abolished by injection of cycloheximide, puromycin, actinomycin D, or chloramphenicol 1 hour before the rats were killed. This signifies direct mitochondrial stimulation by triiodothyronine in the absence of protein synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sterling, K -- Brenner, M A -- Sakurada, T -- AM 10739/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Mitochondria, Liver/*drug effects ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Thyroidectomy ; Triiodothyronine/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: A stereospecific binding site for nicotine has been detected on rat brain membranes. Competition studies with cholinergic agonists suggest that this site is a nicotinic cholinergic receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romano, C -- Goldstein, A -- DA-1938/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-7063/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):647-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Nicotine/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: The binding of [6-alanine]gonadotropin-releasing hormone to pituitary plasma membranes increased threefold between metestrus and early proestrus in female rats. Receptor numbers fell rapidly on the afternoon of proestrus coincident with the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. The numbers of receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone were positively correlated with concentrations of estradiol in serum; this pattern may be a necessary component of increased pituitary sensitivty to gonadotropin-releasing hormone observed during proestrus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savoy-Moore, R T -- Schwartz, N B -- Duncan, J A -- Marshall, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Estradiol/blood ; *Estrus ; Feedback ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Monolayer cultures of rat aorta smooth muscle cells synthesized the anti-aggregatory substance prostacyclin via the cyclooxygenase pathway from 14C-labeled arachidonic acid. The product was identified both by bioassay and by mass spectrometry. Labeled cells produced prostacyclin only when exposed to the initiator thrombin: treatment with therapeutic concentrations of aspirin (0.2 millimolar) for 30 minutes completely destroyed the cells' ability to synthesize prostacyclin. Prostacyclin synthesis from exogenous arachidonic acid recovered fully within 1 to 2 hours by a cycloheximide-sensitive process. Thrombin responsivness, which was permanently impaired in confluent nondividing cultures, recovered substantially and within 24 hours only when cells were stimulated to divide by subculturing. These results indicate that resting vascular cells can rapidly synthesize new cyclooxygenase, but that aspirin destroys additional components of the prostacyclin system which can only be replaced during cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whiting, J -- Salata, K -- Bailey, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):663-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6776627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/*drug effects ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Aspirin/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Epoprostenol/*biosynthesis ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Prostaglandins/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Thrombin/pharmacology
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The genotoxicity of the antihypertensive agents hydralazine and dihydralazine was tested in mammalian cells and bacteria. Both drugs elicited DNA repair in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. In the Ames test, both with and without an S-9 fraction, hydralazine was mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1537, whereas dihydralazine was weakly mutagenic in strain TA1537. These findings support the observation that hydralazine is carcinogenic in mice. The carcinogenicity of many chemicals results from interaction with DNA. Since these studies demonstrate that hydralazine and dihydralazine damage DNA in mammalian cells, these drugs should be viewed as potential human carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, G M -- Mazue, G -- McQueen, C A -- Shimada, T -- N 01-CP-55705/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; *Carcinogens ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Repair/*drug effects ; Dihydralazine/*toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Hydralazine/*analogs & derivatives/*toxicity ; Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Rats ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, D S -- Weinberger, S B -- Cahill, J -- McCunney, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4433):905-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual dimorphism in selected extragenital tissues is described with emphasis on the molecular basis of the differences. Testosterone rather than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone appears to be the major intracellular androgen in organs other than skin and reproductive tract, but other steroid metabolites and their receptors are required to produce the diverse tissue differences observed in males and females. There is also evidence that multiple hormones from several endocrine glands are required to act in concert with androgens to produce and maintain their effects. Although many of the consequences of sexual dimorphism, such as body size and strength, have been evident for centuries, other differences between males and females such as disease incidence, response to drugs and toxins, and the metabolism and assimilation of dietary constituents have only recently been discovered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bardin, C W -- Catterall, J F -- HD-13541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1285-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/metabolism ; Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; Estradiol/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Progestins/physiology ; Proteins/secretion ; Rats ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Incubation of cortical synaptic membranes with low concentrations of calcium resulted in a decrease in the amount of a high-molecular-weight doublet protein and an increase in the sodium-independent binding of glutamate. Both effects were blocked by the thiol protease inhibitor leupeptin. These results suggest that calcium-induced proteolysis of membrane components regulates the number of glutamate receptors in neuronal membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baudry, M -- Bundman, M C -- Smith, E K -- Lynch, G S -- MH-19793-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):937-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7015504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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