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  • Humans  (3,279)
  • Animals  (3,171)
  • Male  (869)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5,235)
  • 2010-2014  (5,235)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):685. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6210.685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivory ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Food Chain ; Lynx ; Mustelidae ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; *Reindeer
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1221. doi: 10.1126/science.1260695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peter Piot is director and professor of Global Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Ebola Vaccines ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Poverty
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):530-1. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.530.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chytridiomycota ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*veterinary ; *Endangered Species ; Mycoses/*veterinary ; Urodela/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregersen, Peter K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1087-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 110430, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crohn Disease/*genetics ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*genetics ; Male ; Monocytes/*immunology ; STAT Transcription Factors/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: Aging-associated cognitive decline is affected by factors produced inside and outside the brain. By using multiorgan genome-wide analysis of aged mice, we found that the choroid plexus, an interface between the brain and the circulation, shows a type I interferon (IFN-I)-dependent gene expression profile that was also found in aged human brains. In aged mice, this response was induced by brain-derived signals, present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IFN-I signaling within the aged brain partially restored cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis and reestablished IFN-II-dependent choroid plexus activity, which is lost in aging. Our data identify a chronic aging-induced IFN-I signature, often associated with antiviral response, at the brain's choroid plexus and demonstrate its negative influence on brain function, thereby suggesting a target for ameliorating cognitive decline in aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baruch, Kuti -- Deczkowska, Aleksandra -- David, Eyal -- Castellano, Joseph M -- Miller, Omer -- Kertser, Alexander -- Berkutzki, Tamara -- Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar -- Bezalel, Dana -- Wyss-Coray, Tony -- Amit, Ido -- Schwartz, Michal -- AG045034/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):89-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1252945. Epub 2014 Aug 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. michal.schwartz@weizmann.ac.il ido.amit@weizmann.ac.il. ; Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. michal.schwartz@weizmann.ac.il ido.amit@weizmann.ac.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25147279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*pathology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Choroid Plexus/*metabolism ; *Cognition ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/*genetics ; Interferon Type I/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurogenesis ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):405-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churcher, Thomas S -- Cohen, Justin M -- Novotny, Joseph -- Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu -- Kunene, Simon -- Cauchemez, Simon -- MR/K010174/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 GM088491/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1230-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1251449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; National Malaria Control Program, Manzini, Swaziland. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. simon.cauchemez@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/parasitology ; Disease Eradication/*methods/*trends ; Endemic Diseases/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Malaria/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pegau, W Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1416. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1416.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Disasters ; *Fishes ; *Petroleum Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: The persistence of HIV-infected cells in individuals on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) presents a major barrier for curing HIV infections. HIV integrates its DNA into many sites in the host genome; we identified 2410 integration sites in peripheral blood lymphocytes of five infected individuals on cART. About 40% of the integrations were in clonally expanded cells. Approximately 50% of the infected cells in one patient were from a single clone, and some clones persisted for many years. There were multiple independent integrations in several genes, including MKL2 and BACH2; many of these integrations were in clonally expanded cells. Our findings show that HIV integration sites can play a critical role in expansion and persistence of HIV-infected cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262401/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262401/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maldarelli, F -- Wu, X -- Su, L -- Simonetti, F R -- Shao, W -- Hill, S -- Spindler, J -- Ferris, A L -- Mellors, J W -- Kearney, M F -- Coffin, J M -- Hughes, S H -- 25XS119/PHS HHS/ -- HSSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):179-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1254194. Epub 2014 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy. ; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. hughesst@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24968937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Clone Cells/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Genome, Human ; HIV/genetics/*physiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/genetics/*virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Virus Integration/*genetics ; Virus Latency/*genetics
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shlomai, Amir -- Rice, Charles M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1212-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1252186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; DNA, Circular/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Hepatitis B/*drug therapy ; Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects ; Hepatocytes/*drug effects ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/*pharmacology ; Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/*agonists
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Defects in NMJ transmission cause muscle weakness, termed myasthenia. The muscle protein Dok-7 is essential for activation of the receptor kinase MuSK, which governs NMJ formation, and DOK7 mutations underlie familial limb-girdle myasthenia (DOK7 myasthenia), a neuromuscular disease characterized by small NMJs. Here, we show in a mouse model of DOK7 myasthenia that therapeutic administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the human DOK7 gene resulted in an enlargement of NMJs and substantial increases in muscle strength and life span. When applied to model mice of another neuromuscular disorder, autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, DOK7 gene therapy likewise resulted in enlargement of NMJs as well as positive effects on motor activity and life span. These results suggest that therapies aimed at enlarging the NMJ may be useful for a range of neuromuscular disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arimura, Sumimasa -- Okada, Takashi -- Tezuka, Tohru -- Chiyo, Tomoko -- Kasahara, Yuko -- Yoshimura, Toshiro -- Motomura, Masakatsu -- Yoshida, Nobuaki -- Beeson, David -- Takeda, Shin'ichi -- Yamanashi, Yuji -- G0701521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1505-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1250744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ; Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yyamanas@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation/physiopathology ; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics/*pathology/*therapy ; Neuromuscular Junction/*pathology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: Synaptic vesicle recycling has long served as a model for the general mechanisms of cellular trafficking. We used an integrative approach, combining quantitative immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to determine protein numbers; electron microscopy to measure organelle numbers, sizes, and positions; and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to localize the proteins. Using these data, we generated a three-dimensional model of an "average" synapse, displaying 300,000 proteins in atomic detail. The copy numbers of proteins involved in the same step of synaptic vesicle recycling correlated closely. In contrast, copy numbers varied over more than three orders of magnitude between steps, from about 150 copies for the endosomal fusion proteins to more than 20,000 for the exocytotic ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilhelm, Benjamin G -- Mandad, Sunit -- Truckenbrodt, Sven -- Krohnert, Katharina -- Schafer, Christina -- Rammner, Burkhard -- Koo, Seong Joo -- Classen, Gala A -- Krauss, Michael -- Haucke, Volker -- Urlaub, Henning -- Rizzoli, Silvio O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1023-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1252884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. International Max Planck Research School Neurosciences, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. International Max Planck Research School Molecular Biology, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. ; Leibniz Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Gottingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. srizzol@gwdg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Exocytosis ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Immunoblotting/methods ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Models, Neurological ; Presynaptic Terminals/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synaptic Vesicles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Synaptosomes/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The field of optogenetics uses channelrhodopsins (ChRs) for light-induced neuronal activation. However, optimized tools for cellular inhibition at moderate light levels are lacking. We found that replacement of E90 in the central gate of ChR with positively charged residues produces chloride-conducting ChRs (ChloCs) with only negligible cation conductance. Molecular dynamics modeling unveiled that a high-affinity Cl(-)-binding site had been generated near the gate. Stabilizing the open state dramatically increased the operational light sensitivity of expressing cells (slow ChloC). In CA1 pyramidal cells, ChloCs completely inhibited action potentials triggered by depolarizing current injections or synaptic stimulation. Thus, by inverting the charge of the selectivity filter, we have created a class of directly light-gated anion channels that can be used to block neuronal output in a fully reversible fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wietek, Jonas -- Wiegert, J Simon -- Adeishvili, Nona -- Schneider, Franziska -- Watanabe, Hiroshi -- Tsunoda, Satoshi P -- Vogt, Arend -- Elstner, Marcus -- Oertner, Thomas G -- Hegemann, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):409-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1249375. Epub 2014 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ion Channel Gating ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchill, Gary A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):370. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6169.370-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards/*statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Humans
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-02-15
    Description: Evolutionary changes in traits involved in both ecological divergence and mate choice may produce reproductive isolation and speciation. However, there are few examples of such dual traits, and the genetic and molecular bases of their evolution have not been identified. We show that methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons (mbCHCs) are a dual trait that affects both desiccation resistance and mate choice in Drosophila serrata. We identify a fatty acid synthase mFAS (CG3524) responsible for mbCHC production in Drosophila and find that expression of mFAS is undetectable in oenocytes (cells that produce CHCs) of a closely related, desiccation-sensitive species, D. birchii, due in part to multiple changes in cis-regulatory sequences of mFAS. We suggest that ecologically influenced changes in the production of mbCHCs have contributed to reproductive isolation between the two species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, Henry -- Loehlin, David W -- Dufour, Heloise D -- Vaccarro, Kathy -- Millar, Jocelyn G -- Carroll, Sean B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1148-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1249998. Epub 2014 Feb 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24526311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Desiccation ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fatty Acid Synthases/*genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Hydrocarbons/*metabolism ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Reproductive Isolation
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shneiderman, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):730. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6172.730-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24531954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Computer Graphics ; *Database Management Systems ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/*methods ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular ; Vitamin A
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1106-7. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Genome, Human ; Humans
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: The most prominent pattern in global marine biogeography is the biodiversity peak in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Yet the processes that underpin this pattern are still actively debated. By reconstructing global marine paleoenvironments over the past 3 million years on the basis of sediment cores, we assessed the extent to which Quaternary climate fluctuations can explain global variation in current reef fish richness. Comparing global historical coral reef habitat availability with the present-day distribution of 6316 reef fish species, we find that distance from stable coral reef habitats during historical periods of habitat loss explains 62% of the variation in fish richness, outweighing present-day environmental factors. Our results highlight the importance of habitat persistence during periods of climate change for preserving marine biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellissier, Loic -- Leprieur, Fabien -- Parravicini, Valeriano -- Cowman, Peter F -- Kulbicki, Michel -- Litsios, Glenn -- Olsen, Steffen M -- Wisz, Mary S -- Bellwood, David R -- Mouillot, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1016-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1249853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark. ; Laboratoire Ecologie des Systemes Marins Cotiers UMR 5119, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, UM2, UM1, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, FR-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. ; IRD, UR 227 CoReUs, LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) Corail, Laboratoire Arago, Boite Postale 44, FR-66651 Banyuls/mer, France. CESAB (Centre de Synthese et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversite)-FRB (Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite), Immeuble Henri Poincare, Domaine du Petit Arbois, FR-13857 Aix-en-Provence cedex 3, France. ; Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. ; IRD, UR 227 CoReUs, LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) Corail, Laboratoire Arago, Boite Postale 44, FR-66651 Banyuls/mer, France. ; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Center for Ocean and Ice, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark. Department of Ecology and Environment, DHI Water and Environment, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark. ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. ; Laboratoire Ecologie des Systemes Marins Cotiers UMR 5119, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, UM2, UM1, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, FR-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Coral Reefs ; *Fishes
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1460-1. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; *Patient Advocacy ; United States
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Jinkai -- Poulin, Philippe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):845-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1250471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Universite de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cotton Fiber ; Humans ; *Nylons ; *Tensile Strength ; *Torsion, Mechanical
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: After an infection, pathogen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) persist in nonlymphoid tissues to provide rapid control upon reinfection, and vaccination strategies that create T(RM) cell pools at sites of pathogen entry are therefore attractive. However, it is not well understood how T(RM) cells provide such pathogen protection. Here, we demonstrate that activated T(RM) cells in mouse skin profoundly alter the local tissue environment by inducing a number of broadly active antiviral and antibacterial genes. This "pathogen alert" allows skin T(RM) cells to protect against an antigenically unrelated virus. These data describe a mechanism by which tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells protect previously infected sites that is rapid, amplifies the activation of a small number of cells into an organ-wide response, and has the capacity to control escape variants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ariotti, Silvia -- Hogenbirk, Marc A -- Dijkgraaf, Feline E -- Visser, Lindy L -- Hoekstra, Mirjam E -- Song, Ji-Ying -- Jacobs, Heinz -- Haanen, John B -- Schumacher, Ton N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):101-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254803. Epub 2014 Aug 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. t.schumacher@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; Immunologic Memory/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Skin/*immunology/microbiology/virology ; Transcriptome
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Richard S -- R01 NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):48-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1252431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):26. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6179.26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Parkinson Disease ; Research Personnel/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1213-4. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6189.1213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Horses/*genetics/*physiology ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal ; *Running ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arita, Isao -- Francis, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 29;345(6200):1010. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6200.1010-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Director Emeritus, National Hospital Organization, Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 861-8068, Japan. ; Executive Director, Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. dfrancis@gsid.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks ; Biological Warfare Agents ; *Disease Eradication ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Russia ; Smallpox/epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; United States ; *Variola virus ; World Health Organization
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):477. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Animals ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Genes, Neoplasm/*drug effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Mice ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism ; Vitamin E/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Vitamins/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beatson, Scott A -- Walker, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1454-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1260471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. ; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. mark.walker@uq.edu.au.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis ; *Cross Infection ; Enterobacteriaceae/*enzymology ; Humans ; *Plasmids ; beta-Lactamases/*biosynthesis
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: Vertebrate limbs first emerge as small buds at specific locations along the trunk. Although a fair amount is known about the molecular regulation of limb initiation and outgrowth, the cellular events underlying these processes have remained less clear. We show that the mesenchymal limb progenitors arise through localized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the coelomic epithelium specifically within the presumptive limb fields. This EMT is regulated at least in part by Tbx5 and Fgf10, two genes known to control limb initiation. This work shows that limb buds initiate earlier than previously thought, as a result of localized EMT rather than differential proliferation rates.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097009/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097009/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gros, Jerome -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R01 HD045499/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01-HD045499/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1248228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Extremities/*embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/genetics/metabolism ; Limb Buds/*cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Vimentin/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):793-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.793.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; *Bioethical Issues ; Conflict of Interest/*economics ; Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use ; Drug Industry/economics/ethics ; Ethicists/*psychology ; *Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Male ; Minnesota ; Quetiapine Fumarate ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Suicide/*ethics ; Truth Disclosure/*ethics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polka, Jessica K -- Krukenberg, Kristin A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1422. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6215.1422.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Postdocs Jessica K. Polka and Kristin A. Krukenberg are organizers of the Future of Research Symposium held in Boston in early October and corresponding authors for the resulting report. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Education, Graduate/economics ; Humans ; *Research Personnel/education ; *Science/education ; Training Support
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):238. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Air Pollutants/*adverse effects/analysis ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects/prevention & control ; Ammonia/*adverse effects/analysis ; Animals ; Fertilizers/*adverse effects ; Health/*economics ; Heart Diseases/chemically induced ; Humans ; Livestock ; Models, Biological ; North Carolina ; Particulate Matter/*adverse effects/analysis ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):679. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6185.679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards ; Animals ; Biomedical Research/*standards ; Cells ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex Factors ; United States ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: Nearly all mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded and are targeted to their mitochondrial destination from the cytosol. Here, we used proximity-specific ribosome profiling to comprehensively measure translation at the mitochondrial surface in yeast. Most inner-membrane proteins were cotranslationally targeted to mitochondria, reminiscent of proteins entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison between mitochondrial and ER localization demonstrated that the vast majority of proteins were targeted to a specific organelle. A prominent exception was the fumarate reductase Osm1, known to reside in mitochondria. We identified a conserved ER isoform of Osm1, which contributes to the oxidative protein-folding capacity of the organelle. This dual localization was enabled by alternative translation initiation sites encoding distinct targeting signals. These findings highlight the exquisite in vivo specificity of organellar targeting mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263316/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263316/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Christopher C -- Jan, Calvin H -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- P50 GM102706/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):748-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1257522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉These authors contributed equally to this work. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work. jonathan.weissman@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Protein Folding ; Ribosomes/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kakkar, Ashish Kumar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):150-1. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6180.150-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462024, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Consent Forms/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; India ; Video Recording/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) supplies the balanced pools of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for DNA replication and maintenance of genomic integrity. RNR is subject to allosteric regulatory mechanisms in all eukaryotes, as well as to control by small protein inhibitors Sml1p and Spd1p in budding and fission yeast, respectively. Here, we show that the metazoan protein IRBIT forms a deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP)-dependent complex with RNR, which stabilizes dATP in the activity site of RNR and thus inhibits the enzyme. Formation of the RNR-IRBIT complex is regulated through phosphorylation of IRBIT, and ablation of IRBIT expression in HeLa cells causes imbalanced dNTP pools and altered cell cycle progression. We demonstrate a mechanism for RNR regulation in higher eukaryotes that acts by enhancing allosteric RNR inhibition by dATP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnaoutov, Alexei -- Dasso, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1512-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. arnaouta@mail.nih.gov. ; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):471-2. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Crohn Disease/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-18/genetics ; Keratins/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics ; Male ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Optic Disk/anatomy & histology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Smoking/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):290-1. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chemistry ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/*methods ; *Nobel Prize ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; United States
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Myelination of the central nervous system requires the generation of functionally mature oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Electrically active neurons may influence OPC function and selectively instruct myelination of an active neural circuit. In this work, we use optogenetic stimulation of the premotor cortex in awake, behaving mice to demonstrate that neuronal activity elicits a mitogenic response of neural progenitor cells and OPCs, promotes oligodendrogenesis, and increases myelination within the deep layers of the premotor cortex and subcortical white matter. We further show that this neuronal activity-regulated oligodendrogenesis and myelination is associated with improved motor function of the corresponding limb. Oligodendrogenesis and myelination appear necessary for the observed functional improvement, as epigenetic blockade of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin changes prevents the activity-regulated behavioral improvement.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Erin M -- Purger, David -- Mount, Christopher W -- Goldstein, Andrea K -- Lin, Grant L -- Wood, Lauren S -- Inema, Ingrid -- Miller, Sarah E -- Bieri, Gregor -- Zuchero, J Bradley -- Barres, Ben A -- Woo, Pamelyn J -- Vogel, Hannes -- Monje, Michelle -- 1S10RR02678001/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY10257/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020016/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025744/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):1252304. doi: 10.1126/science.1252304. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Thy-1/genetics ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Corpus Callosum/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/*metabolism ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/*metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology ; Rhodopsin/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcus, Gary -- Marblestone, Adam -- Dean, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):551-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1261661.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. gary.marcus@nyu.edu. ; Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Techonology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Behavior/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Humans ; *Nerve Net ; *Neural Networks (Computer) ; Neurons/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):229. doi: 10.1126/science.1250475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disclosure/*standards ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ; *Peer Review, Research ; Reproducibility of Results ; Translational Medical Research/standards ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pourquie, Olivier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1565-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1260025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, F-64700, France. pourquie@genetics.med.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; *Cell Differentiation ; Neural Tube/*embryology ; Spinal Cord/*embryology ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Episodic memory requires associations of temporally discontiguous events. In the entorhinal-hippocampal network, temporal associations are driven by a direct pathway from layer III of the medial entorhinal cortex (MECIII) to the hippocampal CA1 region. However, the identification of neural circuits that regulate this association has remained unknown. In layer II of entorhinal cortex (ECII), we report clusters of excitatory neurons called island cells, which appear in a curvilinear matrix of bulblike structures, directly project to CA1, and activate interneurons that target the distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Island cells suppress the excitatory MECIII input through the feed-forward inhibition to control the strength and duration of temporal association in trace fear memory. Together, the two EC inputs compose a control circuit for temporal association memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kitamura, Takashi -- Pignatelli, Michele -- Suh, Junghyup -- Kohara, Keigo -- Yoshiki, Atsushi -- Abe, Kuniya -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):896-901. doi: 10.1126/science.1244634. Epub 2014 Jan 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24457215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Association ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology/*physiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; *Memory, Episodic ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Net ; Neurons/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margolis, David -- Bushman, Frederic -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):143-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1257426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7042, USA. dmargo@med.unc.edu bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu. ; Perelman School of Medicine, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dmargo@med.unc.edu bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/*genetics ; HIV/*physiology ; HIV Infections/*virology ; Humans ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Virus Integration/*genetics ; Virus Latency/*genetics
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gil, Yolanda -- Greaves, Mark -- Hendler, James -- Hirsh, Haym -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):171-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1259439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA. ; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA. ; Information Technology and Web Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12203, USA. hendler@cs.rpi.edu. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; *Research Design ; Statistics as Topic
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arsuaga, J L -- Martinez, I -- Arnold, L J -- Aranburu, A -- Gracia-Tellez, A -- Sharp, W D -- Quam, R M -- Falgueres, C -- Pantoja-Perez, A -- Bischoff, J -- Poza-Rey, E -- Pares, J M -- Carretero, J M -- Demuro, M -- Lorenzo, C -- Sala, N -- Martinon-Torres, M -- Garcia, N -- Alcazar de Velasco, A -- Cuenca-Bescos, G -- Gomez-Olivencia, A -- Moreno, D -- Pablos, A -- Shen, C-C -- Rodriguez, L -- Ortega, A I -- Garcia, R -- Bonmati, A -- Bermudez de Castro, J M -- Carbonell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1358-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1253958.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontologia, Facultad Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. jlarsuaga@isciii.es. ; Area de Paleontologia, Departamento de Geologia, Geografia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcala, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Environment Institute, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Australia. ; Departamento Mineralogia y Petrologia, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontologia, Facultad Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. ; U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA,USA. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. ; Laboratorio de Evolucion Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas y Geografia, Universidad de Burgos, Spain. ; Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia. ; Area de Prehistoria, Departamento d'Historia i Historia de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social, Tarragona, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. ; Paleontologia, Aragosaurus-IUCA and Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Cambridge, UK. ; Departement de Prehistoire, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Laboratorio de Evolucion Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas y Geografia, Universidad de Burgos, Spain. ; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana Burgos, Spain. Laboratorio de Evolucion Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas y Geografia, Universidad de Burgos, Spain. ; High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan ROC. ; Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social, Tarragona, Spain. Area de Prehistoria, Departamento d'Historia i Historia de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Genetic Drift ; Humans ; Neanderthals/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Reproductive Isolation ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Spain
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):801. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6211.801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artifacts ; *DNA Contamination ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Microbiota/*genetics ; Pharynx/microbiology ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Artelle, Kyle A -- Reynolds, John D -- Paquet, Paul C -- Darimont, Chris T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1311. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6177.1311-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth to Ocean Research Group (Biological Sciences), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Canada ; Population Control ; *Public Policy
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: In 11 studies, we found that participants typically did not enjoy spending 6 to 15 minutes in a room by themselves with nothing to do but think, that they enjoyed doing mundane external activities much more, and that many preferred to administer electric shocks to themselves instead of being left alone with their thoughts. Most people seem to prefer to be doing something rather than nothing, even if that something is negative.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330241/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330241/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Timothy D -- Reinhard, David A -- Westgate, Erin C -- Gilbert, Daniel T -- Ellerbeck, Nicole -- Hahn, Cheryl -- Brown, Casey L -- Shaked, Adi -- T32 MH020006/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):75-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250830.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. tdw@virginia.edu. ; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Attention ; Electroshock/psychology ; Humans ; Loneliness/*psychology ; Middle Aged ; *Pleasure ; *Thinking ; Young Adult
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margottini, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1105-6. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1105.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Crime ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype/*immunology ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/*transmission/virology ; Italy ; Police ; Poultry
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):964-5. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6187.964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents, Aviation/*prevention & control ; *Aircraft ; Communication ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Oceans and Seas ; Radar/utilization
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Pumas (Puma concolor) live in diverse, often rugged, complex habitats. The energy they expend for hunting must account for this complexity but is difficult to measure for this and other large, cryptic carnivores. We developed and deployed a physiological SMART (species movement, acceleration, and radio tracking) collar that used accelerometry to continuously monitor energetics, movements, and behavior of free-ranging pumas. This felid species displayed marked individuality in predatory activities, ranging from low-cost sit-and-wait behaviors to constant movements with energetic costs averaging 2.3 times those predicted for running mammals. Pumas reduce these costs by remaining cryptic and precisely matching maximum pouncing force (overall dynamic body acceleration = 5.3 to 16.1g) to prey size. Such instantaneous energetics help to explain why most felids stalk and pounce, and their analysis represents a powerful approach for accurately forecasting resource demands required for survival by large, mobile predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Terrie M -- Wolfe, Lisa -- Davis, Tracy -- Kendall, Traci -- Richter, Beau -- Wang, Yiwei -- Bryce, Caleb -- Elkaim, Gabriel Hugh -- Wilmers, Christopher C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):81-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254885. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. williams@biology.ucsc.edu. ; Wildlife Health Program, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 4330 West Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. ; Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Autonomous Systems Lab, Department of Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; Puma/*metabolism/*psychology ; Running
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine -- Poirot, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1445-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1252787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR 1037 INSERM-University Toulouse III, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, and Institut Claudius Regaud, 31052 Toulouse, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: Activators of innate immunity may have the potential to combat a broad range of infectious agents. We report that treatment with bacterial flagellin prevented rotavirus (RV) infection in mice and cured chronically RV-infected mice. Protection was independent of adaptive immunity and interferon (IFN, type I and II) and required flagellin receptors Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4). Flagellin-induced activation of TLR5 on dendritic cells elicited production of the cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which induced a protective gene expression program in intestinal epithelial cells. Flagellin also induced NLRC4-dependent production of IL-18 and immediate elimination of RV-infected cells. Administration of IL-22 and IL-18 to mice fully recapitulated the capacity of flagellin to prevent or eliminate RV infection and thus holds promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Benyue -- Chassaing, Benoit -- Shi, Zhenda -- Uchiyama, Robin -- Zhang, Zhan -- Denning, Timothy L -- Crawford, Sue E -- Pruijssers, Andrea J -- Iskarpatyoti, Jason A -- Estes, Mary K -- Dermody, Terence S -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- Williams, Ifor R -- Vijay-Kumar, Matam -- Gewirtz, Andrew T -- AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI080656/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI107943/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK061417/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK064730/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK56338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):861-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1256999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. agewirtz@gsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diarrhea/immunology/therapy/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Feces/virology ; Flagellin/*administration & dosage/immunology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-18/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Interleukins/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Rotavirus Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/therapy ; Toll-Like Receptor 5/genetics/*physiology ; Virus Shedding
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: In its largest outbreak, Ebola virus disease is spreading through Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. We sequenced 99 Ebola virus genomes from 78 patients in Sierra Leone to ~2000x coverage. We observed a rapid accumulation of interhost and intrahost genetic variation, allowing us to characterize patterns of viral transmission over the initial weeks of the epidemic. This West African variant likely diverged from central African lineages around 2004, crossed from Guinea to Sierra Leone in May 2014, and has exhibited sustained human-to-human transmission subsequently, with no evidence of additional zoonotic sources. Because many of the mutations alter protein sequences and other biologically meaningful targets, they should be monitored for impact on diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies critical to outbreak response.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4431643/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4431643/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gire, Stephen K -- Goba, Augustine -- Andersen, Kristian G -- Sealfon, Rachel S G -- Park, Daniel J -- Kanneh, Lansana -- Jalloh, Simbirie -- Momoh, Mambu -- Fullah, Mohamed -- Dudas, Gytis -- Wohl, Shirlee -- Moses, Lina M -- Yozwiak, Nathan L -- Winnicki, Sarah -- Matranga, Christian B -- Malboeuf, Christine M -- Qu, James -- Gladden, Adrianne D -- Schaffner, Stephen F -- Yang, Xiao -- Jiang, Pan-Pan -- Nekoui, Mahan -- Colubri, Andres -- Coomber, Moinya Ruth -- Fonnie, Mbalu -- Moigboi, Alex -- Gbakie, Michael -- Kamara, Fatima K -- Tucker, Veronica -- Konuwa, Edwin -- Saffa, Sidiki -- Sellu, Josephine -- Jalloh, Abdul Azziz -- Kovoma, Alice -- Koninga, James -- Mustapha, Ibrahim -- Kargbo, Kandeh -- Foday, Momoh -- Yillah, Mohamed -- Kanneh, Franklyn -- Robert, Willie -- Massally, James L B -- Chapman, Sinead B -- Bochicchio, James -- Murphy, Cheryl -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Young, Sarah -- Birren, Bruce W -- Grant, Donald S -- Scheiffelin, John S -- Lander, Eric S -- Happi, Christian -- Gevao, Sahr M -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Garry, Robert F -- Khan, S Humarr -- Sabeti, Pardis C -- 095831/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1DP2OD006514-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- 1U01HG007480-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 260864/European Research Council/International -- DP2 OD006514/OD/NIH HHS/ -- GM080177/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200900049C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200900049C/PHS HHS/ -- T32 GM080177/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007480/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI110818/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI115589/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1369-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1259657. Epub 2014 Aug 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone. andersen@broadinstitute.org augstgoba@yahoo.com psabeti@oeb.harvard.edu. ; Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. andersen@broadinstitute.org augstgoba@yahoo.com psabeti@oeb.harvard.edu. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone. ; Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone. Eastern Polytechnic College, Kenema, Sierra Leone. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. ; Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. ; Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Redeemer's University, Ogun State, Nigeria. ; University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Epidemiological Monitoring ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Genomics/methods ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):292-5. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Longevity ; Male ; Papio/*physiology/*psychology ; Reproduction ; Starvation/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/*physiopathology
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Diet ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vision, Ocular/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silver, Karlee L -- Singer, Peter A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):121. doi: 10.1126/science.1257424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Karlee L. Silver is vice president of Targeted Challenges, Grand Challenges Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. karlee.silver@grandchallenges.ca. ; Peter A. Singer is chief executive officer of Grand Challenges Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. peter.singer@grandchallenges.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; *Child Development ; Humans ; Organizational Objectives ; Poverty ; United Nations
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Augenlicht, Leonard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):710. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6210.710-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. leonard.augenlicht@einstein.yu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*economics ; Brain Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Drug Industry/*economics ; Humans ; Male ; *Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*drug therapy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; *Precision Medicine ; Sarcoma/*drug therapy ; *Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: The Golgi apparatus is a multicompartment central sorting station at the intersection of secretory and endocytic vesicular traffic. The mechanisms that permit cargo-loaded transport vesicles from different origins to selectively access different Golgi compartments are incompletely understood. We developed a rerouting and capture assay to investigate systematically the vesicle-tethering activities of 10 widely conserved golgin coiled-coil proteins. We find that subsets of golgins with distinct localizations on the Golgi surface have capture activities toward vesicles of different origins. These findings demonstrate that golgins act as tethers in vivo, and hence the specificity we find to be encoded in this tethering is likely to make a major contribution to the organization of membrane traffic at the Golgi apparatus.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4254398/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4254398/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, Mie -- Munro, Sean -- MC_U105178783/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U105178783/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):1256898. doi: 10.1126/science.1256898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. sean@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autoantigens/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Transport
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are introduced in meiosis to initiate recombination and generate crossovers, the reciprocal exchanges of genetic material between parental chromosomes. Here, we present high-resolution maps of meiotic DSBs in individual human genomes. Comparing DSB maps between individuals shows that along with DNA binding by PRDM9, additional factors may dictate the efficiency of DSB formation. We find evidence for both GC-biased gene conversion and mutagenesis around meiotic DSB hotspots, while frequent colocalization of DSB hotspots with chromosome rearrangement breakpoints implicates the aberrant repair of meiotic DSBs in genomic disorders. Furthermore, our data indicate that DSB frequency is a major determinant of crossover rate. These maps provide new insights into the regulation of meiotic recombination and the impact of meiotic recombination on genome function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pratto, Florencia -- Brick, Kevin -- Khil, Pavel -- Smagulova, Fatima -- Petukhova, Galina V -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- 1R01GM084104-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):1256442. doi: 10.1126/science.1256442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. rdcamerini@mail.nih.gov galina.petukhova@usuhs.edu. ; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. rdcamerini@mail.nih.gov galina.petukhova@usuhs.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; *Genomic Instability ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; *Homologous Recombination ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Protein Binding ; Spermatocytes ; Telomere/genetics
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):130-1, 133. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6193.130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Kyasanur Forest Disease/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Male ; Ticks/virology ; Trees
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: Cancers are composed of populations of cells with distinct molecular and phenotypic features, a phenomenon termed intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). ITH in lung cancers has not been well studied. We applied multiregion whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 11 localized lung adenocarcinomas. All tumors showed clear evidence of ITH. On average, 76% of all mutations and 20 out of 21 known cancer gene mutations were identified in all regions of individual tumors, which suggested that single-region sequencing may be adequate to identify the majority of known cancer gene mutations in localized lung adenocarcinomas. With a median follow-up of 21 months after surgery, three patients have relapsed, and all three patients had significantly larger fractions of subclonal mutations in their primary tumors than patients without relapse. These data indicate that a larger subclonal mutation fraction may be associated with increased likelihood of postsurgical relapse in patients with localized lung adenocarcinomas.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354858/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354858/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jianjun -- Fujimoto, Junya -- Zhang, Jianhua -- Wedge, David C -- Song, Xingzhi -- Zhang, Jiexin -- Seth, Sahil -- Chow, Chi-Wan -- Cao, Yu -- Gumbs, Curtis -- Gold, Kathryn A -- Kalhor, Neda -- Little, Latasha -- Mahadeshwar, Harshad -- Moran, Cesar -- Protopopov, Alexei -- Sun, Huandong -- Tang, Jiabin -- Wu, Xifeng -- Ye, Yuanqing -- William, William N -- Lee, J Jack -- Heymach, John V -- Hong, Waun Ki -- Swisher, Stephen -- Wistuba, Ignacio I -- Futreal, P Andrew -- CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA70907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA-009666/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009666/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):256-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1256930.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Applied Cancer Science Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. ; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Honorary Faculty, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK CB10 1SA. afutreal@mdanderson.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/*genetics/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genetic Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*genetics/pathology
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282744/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282744/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jianke -- Chan, Francis Ka-Ming -- P30 CA056036/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083497/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1322-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1252526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; *Necrosis ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benderly, Beryl Lieff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1200. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1200-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science Careers Columnist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; *Leadership ; Physicians, Women/*psychology ; *Sexism
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):389-90. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.389-b. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. rosie.woodroffe@ioz.ac.uk. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA. ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):747-9. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6198.747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bifidobacterium/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; *Functional Food ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn/*physiology ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Intestines/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Milk/chemistry ; *Milk, Human/chemistry/physiology ; Oligosaccharides/analysis/metabolism ; Prebiotics ; Probiotics ; Stomach/enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singleton, Andrew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):497-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1250172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Exome/*genetics ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pyramidal Tracts/*metabolism ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/*genetics
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):46-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1266-8. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6202.1266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholera/*epidemiology/microbiology/*prevention & control ; Disasters ; Disease Eradication/*methods/trends ; Earthquakes/mortality ; Haiti/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Poverty ; Rivers/microbiology ; Sewage/microbiology ; Temperature ; Vibrio cholerae/growth & development/physiology ; Water Supply/standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: The singular focus of public debate on the "top 1 percent" of households overlooks the component of earnings inequality that is arguably most consequential for the "other 99 percent" of citizens: the dramatic growth in the wage premium associated with higher education and cognitive ability. This Review documents the central role of both the supply and demand for skills in shaping inequality, discusses why skill demands have persistently risen in industrialized countries, and considers the economic value of inequality alongside its potential social costs. I conclude by highlighting the constructive role for public policy in fostering skills formation and preserving economic mobility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Autor, David H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):843-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1251868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics and National Bureau of Economic Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 40 Ames Street, E17-216, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Professional/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; Employment/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Income/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Marketing ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Schools/economics ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1439. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6191.1439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Feeding Behavior ; Food Preferences ; *Introduced Species ; Kenya ; *Sparrows/immunology/physiology
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: We appreciate the interest in our paper and the opportunity to clarify theoretical and technical aspects describing the influence of Donnan equilibria on neuronal chloride ion (Cl(-)) distributions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410268/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410268/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glykys, J -- Dzhala, V -- Egawa, K -- Balena, T -- Saponjian, Y -- Kuchibhotla, K V -- Bacskai, B J -- Kahle, K T -- Zeuthen, T -- Staley, K J -- R01 NS040109/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH106013/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1130. doi: 10.1126/science.1253146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; New York University School of Medicine, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. staley.kevin@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: Increased catchment erosion and nutrient loading are commonly recognized impacts of deforestation on global wetlands. In contrast, an increase in water availability in deforested catchments is well known in modern studies but is rarely considered when evaluating past human impacts. We used a Budyko water balance approach, a meta-analysis of global wetland response to deforestation, and paleoecological studies from Australasia to explore this issue. After complete deforestation, we demonstrated that water available to wetlands increases by up to 15% of annual precipitation. This can convert ephemeral swamps to permanent lakes or even create new wetlands. This effect is globally significant, with 9 to 12% of wetlands affected, including 20 to 40% of Ramsar wetlands, but is widely unrecognized because human impact studies rarely test for it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodward, C -- Shulmeister, J -- Larsen, J -- Jacobsen, G E -- Zawadzki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):844-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Chamberlain Building, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia. c.woodward1@uq.edu.au. ; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Chamberlain Building, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia. ; Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC 2232, New South Wales, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Lakes ; New Zealand ; *Water Supply ; *Wetlands
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2014-05-07
    Description: Parabiosis experiments indicate that impaired regeneration in aged mice is reversible by exposure to a young circulation, suggesting that young blood contains humoral "rejuvenating" factors that can restore regenerative function. Here, we demonstrate that the circulating protein growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a rejuvenating factor for skeletal muscle. Supplementation of systemic GDF11 levels, which normally decline with age, by heterochronic parabiosis or systemic delivery of recombinant protein, reversed functional impairments and restored genomic integrity in aged muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Increased GDF11 levels in aged mice also improved muscle structural and functional features and increased strength and endurance exercise capacity. These data indicate that GDF11 systemically regulates muscle aging and may be therapeutically useful for reversing age-related skeletal muscle and stem cell dysfunction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4104429/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4104429/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinha, Manisha -- Jang, Young C -- Oh, Juhyun -- Khong, Danika -- Wu, Elizabeth Y -- Manohar, Rohan -- Miller, Christine -- Regalado, Samuel G -- Loffredo, Francesco S -- Pancoast, James R -- Hirshman, Michael F -- Lebowitz, Jessica -- Shadrach, Jennifer L -- Cerletti, Massimiliano -- Kim, Mi-Jeong -- Serwold, Thomas -- Goodyear, Laurie J -- Rosner, Bernard -- Lee, Richard T -- Wagers, Amy J -- 1DP2 OD004345/OD/NIH HHS/ -- 1R01 AG033053/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 1R01 AG040019/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 5U01 HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD004345/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG038072/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG032977/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG033053/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG040019/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042238/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR42238/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 DE007057/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):649-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1251152. Epub 2014 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Aging/blood/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/administration & dosage/blood/*physiology ; Growth Differentiation Factors/administration & dosage/blood/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Skeletal/*blood supply/drug effects/*physiology ; Myoblasts, Skeletal/drug effects/*physiology ; Parabiosis ; *Regeneration ; *Rejuvenation
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):359. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6169.359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consumer Organizations ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; *Patents as Topic ; Stem Cell Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Supreme Court Decisions ; United States
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Neuronal intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i) is an important determinant of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor (GABA(A)R)-mediated inhibition and cytoplasmic volume regulation. Equilibrative cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) move Cl(-) across the membrane, but accumulating evidence suggests factors other than the bulk concentrations of transported ions determine [Cl(-)](i). Measurement of [Cl(-)](i) in murine brain slice preparations expressing the transgenic fluorophore Clomeleon demonstrated that cytoplasmic impermeant anions ([A](i)) and polyanionic extracellular matrix glycoproteins ([A](o)) constrain the local [Cl(-)]. CCC inhibition had modest effects on [Cl(-)](i) and neuronal volume, but substantial changes were produced by alterations of the balance between [A](i) and [A](o). Therefore, CCCs are important elements of Cl(-) homeostasis, but local impermeant anions determine the homeostatic set point for [Cl(-)], and hence, neuronal volume and the polarity of local GABA(A)R signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220679/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220679/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glykys, J -- Dzhala, V -- Egawa, K -- Balena, T -- Saponjian, Y -- Kuchibhotla, K V -- Bacskai, B J -- Kahle, K T -- Zeuthen, T -- Staley, K J -- NS 40109-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000768/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040109/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS074772/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25 NS065743/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR025645/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U41 RR019703/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):670-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1245423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell Polarity ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: Donors tend to avoid charities that dedicate a high percentage of expenses to administrative and fundraising costs, limiting the ability of nonprofits to be effective. We propose a solution to this problem: Use donations from major philanthropists to cover overhead expenses and offer potential donors an overhead-free donation opportunity. A laboratory experiment testing this solution confirms that donations decrease when overhead increases, but only when donors pay for overhead themselves. In a field experiment with 40,000 potential donors, we compared the overhead-free solution with other common uses of initial donations. Consistent with prior research, informing donors that seed money has already been raised increases donations, as does a $1:$1 matching campaign. Our main result, however, clearly shows that informing potential donors that overhead costs are covered by an initial donation significantly increases the donation rate by 80% (or 94%) and total donations by 75% (or 89%) compared with the seed (or matching) approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gneezy, Uri -- Keenan, Elizabeth A -- Gneezy, Ayelet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):632-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1253932.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ugneezy@ucsd.edu. ; Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Charities/*methods ; *Economics, Behavioral ; Fund Raising/*methods ; *Gift Giving ; Humans
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cockcroft, Anne -- Masisi, Mokgweetsi -- Thabane, Lehana -- Andersson, Neil -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1244-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1256911.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CIET Trust Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. acockcroft@ciet.org. ; Minister of Presidential Affairs and Public Administration, Government of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. ; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. ; Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Center for Investigation of Tropical Diseases (CIET), Universided Autonoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics/*education ; Botswana ; Budgets ; Decision Making ; Evidence-Based Practice/*education ; Health Policy/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Shawn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):872. doi: 10.1126/science.1258584.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. shawn.marshall@ucalgary.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Ice Cover ; *Oceans and Seas
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aychek, Tegest -- Jung, Steffen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1439-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1252785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/*metabolism ; *Immune Tolerance ; Intestines/*immunology/*microbiology ; Macrophages/*immunology/*microbiology ; Microbiota/*immunology
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1072. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6188.1072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells/*metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neoplasms ; Pain ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aylward, Bruce -- Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1229-30. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6202.1229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disease Outbreaks/economics/*prevention & control ; Ebola Vaccines ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control ; *World Health Organization
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woolhouse, Mark -- Drury, Patrick -- Dye, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1271. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mark Woolhouse is a professor at the Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Patrick Drury is Manager of the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.Christopher Dye is the Director of Strategy in the Office of the Director General at the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Mark Woolhouse is a professor at the Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Patrick Drury is Manager of the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.Christopher Dye is the Director of Strategy in the Office of the Director General at the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. dyec@who.int.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Epidemics/*prevention & control ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; *Global Health ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *International Agencies ; *International Cooperation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1457-9. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Checkpoint Kinase 2/genetics ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):824-5. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.824.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Botswana ; *Hierarchy, Social/history ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/growth & development ; Humans ; *Life Style/ethnology/history ; Male ; *Social Behavior/history ; Socioeconomic Factors/history
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woolley, Mary -- Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):791. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mary Woolley is the president and chief executive officer of Research!America. mwoolley@researchamerica.org. ; Alan I. Leshner is the chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and executive publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; *Federal Government ; Floods ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; Humans ; Petroleum Pollution ; Politics ; Science/*economics/*trends ; United States
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: Emerging infectious diseases are reducing biodiversity on a global scale. Recently, the emergence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans resulted in rapid declines in populations of European fire salamanders. Here, we screened more than 5000 amphibians from across four continents and combined experimental assessment of pathogenicity with phylogenetic methods to estimate the threat that this infection poses to amphibian diversity. Results show that B. salamandrivorans is restricted to, but highly pathogenic for, salamanders and newts (Urodela). The pathogen likely originated and remained in coexistence with a clade of salamander hosts for millions of years in Asia. As a result of globalization and lack of biosecurity, it has recently been introduced into naive European amphibian populations, where it is currently causing biodiversity loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martel, A -- Blooi, M -- Adriaensen, C -- Van Rooij, P -- Beukema, W -- Fisher, M C -- Farrer, R A -- Schmidt, B R -- Tobler, U -- Goka, K -- Lips, K R -- Muletz, C -- Zamudio, K R -- Bosch, J -- Lotters, S -- Wombwell, E -- Garner, T W J -- Cunningham, A A -- Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A -- Salvidio, S -- Ducatelle, R -- Nishikawa, K -- Nguyen, T T -- Kolby, J E -- Van Bocxlaer, I -- Bossuyt, F -- Pasmans, F -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):630-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1258268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. an.martel@ugent.be. ; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, Antwerp, Belgium. ; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. ; CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias de Vairao, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairao, Portugal. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. ; Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Koordinationsstelle fur amphibien- und reptilienschutz in der Schweiz (KARCH), Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron 6, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Institut fur Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universitat Zurich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Invasive Alien Species Research Team, National Institute for Environment Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan. ; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones cientificas (CSIC), Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. ; Biogeography Department, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany. ; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Kent CT2 7NR, UK. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. ; Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands (RAVON), Post Office Box 1413, 6501 BK Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Earth Science, Environmental and Life (Di.S.T.A.V.), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy. ; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ; Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. ; James Cook University, One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. ; Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Chytridiomycota ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/microbiology/*veterinary ; *Endangered Species ; Mycoses/microbiology/*veterinary ; Phylogeny ; Urodela/classification/*microbiology
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):911. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6212.911.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25414286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*mortality/*therapy ; Humans ; Therapies, Investigational
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Lingham-Soliar questions our interpretation of integumentary structures in the Middle-Late Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Kulindadromeus as feather-like appendages and alternatively proposes that the compound structures observed around the humerus and femur of Kulindadromeus are support fibers associated with badly degraded scales. We consider this hypothesis highly unlikely because of the taphonomy and morphology of the preserved structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godefroit, Pascal -- Sinitsa, Sofia M -- Dhouailly, Danielle -- Bolotsky, Yuri L -- Sizov, Alexander V -- McNamara, Maria E -- Benton, Michael J -- Spagna, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):434. doi: 10.1126/science.1260146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. pascal.godefroit@naturalsciences.be. ; Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Cryology, 26 Butin Street, 672 014 Chita, Russia. ; UJF-CNRS FRE 3405, AGIM, Universite Joseph Fourier, Site Sante, 38 706 La Tronche, France. ; Institute of Geology and Nature Management, FEB RAS, 1 Relochny Street 675 000, Blagoveschensk, Russia. ; Institute of the Earth Crust, SB RAS, 128 Lermontov Street, 664 033 Irkutsk, Russia. ; School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Epidermis/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koschowitz, Marie-Claire -- Fischer, Christian -- Sander, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):416-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Paleontology, Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Morphology, Systematics and Evolutionary Biology with Zoological Museum, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany. m.koschowitz@uni-bonn.de. ; Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Morphology, Systematics and Evolutionary Biology with Zoological Museum, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany. ; Division of Paleontology, Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; *Color Vision ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Phylogeny
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pringle, Heather -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):961-3. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6174.961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Archaeology ; Arctic Regions ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; *Cold Temperature ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Deer/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Human Migration ; Humans ; Ice Cover ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; Islands ; Mutation ; North America ; Rivers ; Siberia
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: Riboswitches are ligand-binding elements contained within the 5' untranslated regions of bacterial transcripts, which generally regulate expression of downstream open reading frames. Here, we show that in Listeria monocytogenes, a riboswitch that binds vitamin B12 controls expression of a noncoding regulatory RNA, Rli55. Rli55, in turn, controls expression of the eut genes, whose products enable ethanolamine utilization and require B12 as a cofactor. Defects in ethanolamine utilization, or in its regulation by Rli55, significantly attenuate Listeria virulence in mice. Rli55 functions by sequestering the two-component response regulator EutV by means of a EutV-binding site contained within the RNA. Thus, Rli55 is a riboswitch-regulated member of the small group of regulatory RNAs that function by sequestering a protein and reveals a distinctive mechanism of signal integration in bacterial gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mellin, J R -- Koutero, Mikael -- Dar, Daniel -- Nahori, Marie-Anne -- Sorek, Rotem -- Cossart, Pascale -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):940-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1255083.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite des Interactions Bacteries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France. INSERM, U604, Paris, F-75015 France. INRA, USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Unite des Interactions Bacteries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France. INSERM, U604, Paris, F-75015 France. INRA, USC2020, F-75015 Paris, France. pcossart@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Ethanolamine/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Listeria monocytogenes/*genetics/metabolism/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Operon ; RNA, Untranslated/*metabolism ; Response Elements ; *Riboswitch ; Vitamin B 12/*metabolism
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: Using light to silence electrical activity in targeted cells is a major goal of optogenetics. Available optogenetic proteins that directly move ions to achieve silencing are inefficient, pumping only a single ion per photon across the cell membrane rather than allowing many ions per photon to flow through a channel pore. Building on high-resolution crystal-structure analysis, pore vestibule modeling, and structure-guided protein engineering, we designed and characterized a class of channelrhodopsins (originally cation-conducting) converted into chloride-conducting anion channels. These tools enable fast optical inhibition of action potentials and can be engineered to display step-function kinetics for stable inhibition, outlasting light pulses and for orders-of-magnitude-greater light sensitivity of inhibited cells. The resulting family of proteins defines an approach to more physiological, efficient, and sensitive optogenetic inhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096039/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096039/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berndt, Andre -- Lee, Soo Yeun -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Deisseroth, Karl -- R01 DA020794/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH075957/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH086373/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):420-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1252367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Neurons/*physiology ; Optogenetics ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Promislow, Daniel E L -- Kaeberlein, Matt -- R01 AG031108/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG033598/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM102279/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):491-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1250174.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; *Reward ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; *Taste Perception
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is vital for the internalization of most cell-surface proteins. In CME, plasma membrane-binding clathrin adaptors recruit and polymerize clathrin to form clathrin-coated pits into which cargo is sorted. Assembly polypeptide 2 (AP2) is the most abundant adaptor and is pivotal to CME. Here, we determined a structure of AP2 that includes the clathrin-binding beta2 hinge and developed an AP2-dependent budding assay. Our findings suggest that an autoinhibitory mechanism prevents clathrin recruitment by cytosolic AP2. A large-scale conformational change driven by the plasma membrane phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and cargo relieves this autoinhibition, triggering clathrin recruitment and hence clathrin-coated bud formation. This molecular switching mechanism can couple AP2's membrane recruitment to its key functions of cargo and clathrin binding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4333214/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4333214/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Bernard T -- Graham, Stephen C -- Liska, Nicole -- Dannhauser, Philip N -- Honing, Stefan -- Ungewickell, Ernst J -- Owen, David J -- 079895/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090909/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090909/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098406/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098406/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 100140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):459-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1254836.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. btk1000@cam.ac.uk djo30@cam.ac.uk. ; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK. ; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. ; Department of Cell Biology, Center of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. ; Institute of Biochemistry I and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex 2/*chemistry ; Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits/*chemistry ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry ; Clathrin/*chemistry ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/chemistry ; *Polymerization
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate induces modulatory actions via the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus), which are class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We determined the structure of the human mGlu1 receptor seven-transmembrane (7TM) domain bound to a negative allosteric modulator, FITM, at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. The modulator binding site partially overlaps with the orthosteric binding sites of class A GPCRs but is more restricted than most other GPCRs. We observed a parallel 7TM dimer mediated by cholesterols, which suggests that signaling initiated by glutamate's interaction with the extracellular domain might be mediated via 7TM interactions within the full-length receptor dimer. A combination of crystallography, structure-activity relationships, mutagenesis, and full-length dimer modeling provides insights about the allosteric modulation and activation mechanism of class C GPCRs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991565/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991565/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Huixian -- Wang, Chong -- Gregory, Karen J -- Han, Gye Won -- Cho, Hyekyung P -- Xia, Yan -- Niswender, Colleen M -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Meiler, Jens -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Conn, P Jeffrey -- Stevens, Raymond C -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK097376/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM099842/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH062646/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH090192/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS031373/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS078262/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS031373/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):58-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1249489. Epub 2014 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Allosteric Site ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Benzamides/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cholesterol ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: The human neocortex has numerous specialized functional areas whose formation is poorly understood. Here, we describe a 15-base pair deletion mutation in a regulatory element of GPR56 that selectively disrupts human cortex surrounding the Sylvian fissure bilaterally including "Broca's area," the primary language area, by disrupting regional GPR56 expression and blocking RFX transcription factor binding. GPR56 encodes a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor required for normal cortical development and is expressed in cortical progenitor cells. GPR56 expression levels regulate progenitor proliferation. GPR56 splice forms are highly variable between mice and humans, and the regulatory element of gyrencephalic mammals directs restricted lateral cortical expression. Our data reveal a mechanism by which control of GPR56 expression pattern by multiple alternative promoters can influence stem cell proliferation, gyral patterning, and, potentially, neocortex evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480613/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480613/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bae, Byoung-Il -- Tietjen, Ian -- Atabay, Kutay D -- Evrony, Gilad D -- Johnson, Matthew B -- Asare, Ebenezer -- Wang, Peter P -- Murayama, Ayako Y -- Im, Kiho -- Lisgo, Steven N -- Overman, Lynne -- Sestan, Nenad -- Chang, Bernard S -- Barkovich, A James -- Grant, P Ellen -- Topcu, Meral -- Politsky, Jeffrey -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Piao, Xianhua -- Walsh, Christopher A -- 2R01NS035129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- G0700089/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- GR082557/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HHSN275200900011C/PHS HHS/ -- N01-HD-9-0011/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS035129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):764-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1244392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24531968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Cats ; Cell Proliferation ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/cytology/*embryology ; Codon, Nonsense ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/cytology/embryology ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Pedigree ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*genetics ; Sequence Deletion
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wray, K Brad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):929. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6212.929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State University of New York, Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, USA. kwray@oswego.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25414297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1441-2. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6203.1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control/*economics ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Drug Industry/*economics ; Drugs, Investigational/*economics ; Ebola Vaccines/*economics ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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