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  • Models, Biological  (450)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (450)
  • Copernicus
  • 2010-2014  (178)
  • 2000-2004  (243)
  • 1980-1984  (29)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Signal transduction. History matters (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ingolia, Nicholas T -- Murray, Andrew W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):948-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Immediate-Early Proteins/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Phosphoprotein Phosphatases ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Cell biology. Microtubule asymmetry (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gundersen, Gregg G -- Bretscher, Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2040-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ggg1@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Polarity ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Microtubule Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule-Organizing Center/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism ; Myosin Type V/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Botany. State transitions--a question of balance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Box 124, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. john.allen@plantbio.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Fluorescence ; Gene Library ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Plastoquinone/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thylakoids/*enzymology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A niche maintaining germ line stem cells in the Drosophila ovary (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Stromal cells are thought to generate specific regulatory microenviroments or "niches" that control stem cell behavior. Characterizing stem cell niches in vivo remains an important goal that has been difficult to achieve. The individual ovarioles of the Drosophila ovary each contain about two germ line stem cells that maintain oocyte production. Here we show that anterior ovariolar somatic cells comprising three cell types act as a germ line stem cell niche. Germ line stem cells lost by normal or induced differentiation are efficiently replaced, and the ability to repopulate the niche increases the functional lifetime of ovarioles in vivo. Our studies implicate one of the somatic cell types, the cap cells, as a key niche component.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, T -- Spradling, A C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 115 West University Parkway, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA. tgx@stowers-institute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila/*cytology/physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Ovary/cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Perspectives: drug delivery. Regulating export of ER cargo (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aridor, M -- Balch, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 4;287(5454):816-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/secretion ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/chemistry/metabolism/secretion ; Immunophilins/chemistry/metabolism ; Insulin/chemistry/metabolism/secretion ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism/secretion ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Recovery and management options for spring/summer chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-04
    Description: Construction of four dams on the lower Snake River (in northwestern United States) between 1961 and 1975 altered salmon spawning habitat, elevated smolt and adult migration mortality, and contributed to severe declines of Snake River salmon populations. By applying a matrix model to long-term population data, we found that (i) dam passage improvements have dramatically mitigated direct mortality associated with dams; (ii) even if main stem survival were elevated to 100%, Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) would probably continue to decline toward extinction; and (iii) modest reductions in first-year mortality or estuarine mortality would reverse current population declines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, P -- Marvier, M -- McClure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):977-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11062128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fresh Water ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/growth & development/physiology ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Insect population control using a dominant, repressible, lethal genetic system (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: A major modification to the sterile insect technique is described, in which transgenic insects homozygous for a dominant, repressible, female-specific lethal gene system are used. We demonstrate two methods that give the required genetic characteristics in an otherwise wild-type genetic background. The first system uses a sex-specific promoter or enhancer to drive the expression of a repressible transcription factor, which in turn controls the expression of a toxic gene product. The second system uses non-sex-specific expression of the repressible transcription factor to regulate a selectively lethal gene product. Both methods work efficiently in Drosophila melanogaster, and we expect these principles to be widely applicable to more economically important organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, D D -- Donnelly, C A -- Wood, R J -- Alphey, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Egg Proteins/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fat Body/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Dominant ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genes, Lethal ; Genes, ras ; Homozygote ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Neurobiology. A stargazer foretells the way to the synapse (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: How do AMPA receptors that are made in the cytoplasm of excitatory neurons travel to and become localized in the distant postsynaptic membranes of dendrites? Nakagawa and Sheng, in a Perspective, suggest that the answer may lie in the stargazin protein that has now been found to interact with AMPA receptors, guiding them to the postsynaptic membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakagawa, T -- Sheng, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2270-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebellum/cytology/*metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Cell biology. Actin' up with Rac1 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: The elegant architecture of photoreceptor cells in the retina is dependent on organization of the actin cytoskeleton during eye development. But what drives this organization? In an equally elegant Perspective, Colley explains new findings in fruit flies (Chang and Ready) that point to the photopigment rhodopsin and its signaling molecule the Rho GTPase Drac1 as the orchestrators of actin organization and the consequent assembly of the sensory membrane in the photoreceptor cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colley, N J -- R01 EY008768/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1902-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. njcolley@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/*growth & ; development/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Retina/growth & development/ultrastructure ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Academic employment. UCSF researchers leave, charging bias (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):26-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Employment ; *Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Prejudice ; Research ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Mechanism of actin-based motility (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: Spatially controlled polymerization of actin is at the origin of cell motility and is responsible for the formation of cellular protrusions like lamellipodia. The pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, which undergo actin-based propulsion, are acknowledged models of the leading edge of lamellipodia. Actin-based motility of the bacteria or of functionalized microspheres can be reconstituted in vitro from only five pure proteins. Movement results from the regulated site-directed treadmilling of actin filaments, consistent with observations of actin dynamics in living motile cells and with the biochemical properties of the components of the synthetic motility medium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pantaloni, D -- Le Clainche, C -- Carlier, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1502-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dynamique du Cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/metabolism/*physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biopolymers ; *Cell Movement ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Destrin ; Listeria monocytogenes/*physiology ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Proteins/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Cell biology. A lipid oils the endocytosis machine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillooly, D J -- Stenmark, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11232585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neuropeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Predictability of the UK variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Back-calculation analysis of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic in the United Kingdom is used to estimate the number of infected individuals and future disease incidence. The model assumes a hazard of infection proportional to the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom and accounts for precautionary control measures and very wide ranges of incubation periods. The model indicates that current case data are compatible with numbers of infections ranging from a few hundred to several millions. In the latter case, the model suggests that the mean incubation period must be well beyond the human life-span, resulting in disease epidemics of at most several thousand cases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉d'Aignaux, J N -- Cousens, S N -- Smith, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1729-31. Epub 2001 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. jerome.huillard@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/genetics/transmission ; Diet ; Disease Susceptibility ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genotype ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Likelihood Functions ; Methionine/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Prions/administration & dosage/genetics
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  • 14
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    Dam breaching and chinook salmon recovery (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dambacher, J M -- Rossignol, P A -- Li, H W -- Emlen, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):939.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. dambacherj@fsl.orst.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/growth & development/physiology ; Survival Rate
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  • 15
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    Cell biology. Caveolae--not just craters in the cellular landscape (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shin, J S -- Abraham, S N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Toxins/metabolism ; Caveolae/chemistry/microbiology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Eukaryota/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Lysosomes/physiology ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Microdomains/chemistry/microbiology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Viruses/*metabolism/pathogenicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Infectious diseases. Rapid response could have curbed foot-and-mouth epidemic (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):26-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*epidemiology/transmission ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical
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    Structural biology. The xyz of ABC transporters (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higgins, C F -- Linton, K J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1782-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, DuCane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. christopher.higgins@csc.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray/methods ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; P-Glycoprotein/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Global warming: an insignificant trend? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, S F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1063-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11352049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Ice ; Models, Biological ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Oceans and Seas ; Risk Assessment ; United Nations ; United States
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    Biomedicine. Clotting factors build blood vessels (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carmeliet, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1602-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Factors/*physiology ; Blood Vessels/*embryology ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelial Growth Factors/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/embryology/physiology ; Hemostasis ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Lymphokines/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/physiology ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; Receptors, Thrombin/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombin/physiology ; Thromboplastin/physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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  • 20
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    Nonequilibrium diversity dynamics of the Lesser Antillean avifauna (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-17
    Description: MacArthur and Wilson's model of island diversity predicts an increase in the number of species until colonization and extinction are balanced at a long-term steady state. We appraise this model on an evolutionary time scale by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the colonization of the Lesser Antilles by small land birds. The pattern of accumulation of species with time, estimated by genetic divergence between island and source lineages, rejects a homogeneous model of colonization and extinction. Rather, our results suggest an abrupt, roughly 10-fold increase in colonization rate or a 90% mass extinction event 0.55 to 0.75 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricklefs, R E -- Bermingham, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. ricklefs@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Songbirds/genetics/physiology ; Stochastic Processes ; West Indies
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    The foot-and-mouth epidemic in Great Britain: pattern of spread and impact of interventions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-17
    Description: We present an analysis of the current foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Great Britain over the first 2 months of the spread of the virus. The net transmission potential of the pathogen and the increasing impact of control measures are estimated over the course of the epidemic to date. These results are used to parameterize a mathematical model of disease transmission that captures the differing spatial contact patterns between farms before and after the imposition of movement restrictions. The model is used to make predictions of future incidence and to simulate the impact of additional control strategies. Hastening the slaughter of animals with suspected infection is predicted to slow the epidemic, but more drastic action, such as "ring" culling or vaccination around infection foci, is necessary for more rapid control. Culling is predicted to be more effective than vaccination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferguson, N M -- Donnelly, C A -- Anderson, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1155-60. Epub 2001 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. Neil.Ferguson@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11303090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/virology ; Aphthovirus/physiology ; Cattle ; Commerce ; Disease Reservoirs ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/economics/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Models, Biological ; Quarantine ; Sheep/virology ; Swine/virology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination/economics
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    Crystal structure of Arp2/3 complex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: We determined a crystal structure of bovine Arp2/3 complex, an assembly of seven proteins that initiates actin polymerization in eukaryotic cells, at 2.0 angstrom resolution. Actin-related protein 2 (Arp2) and Arp3 are folded like actin, with distinctive surface features. Subunits ARPC2 p34 and ARPC4 p20 in the core of the complex associate through long carboxyl-terminal alpha helices and have similarly folded amino-terminal alpha/beta domains. ARPC1 p40 is a seven-blade beta propeller with an insertion that may associate with the side of an actin filament. ARPC3 p21 and ARPC5 p16 are globular alpha-helical subunits. We predict that WASp/Scar proteins activate Arp2/3 complex by bringing Arp2 into proximity with Arp3 for nucleation of a branch on the side of a preexisting actin filament.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, R C -- Turbedsky, K -- Kaiser, D A -- Marchand, J B -- Higgs, H N -- Choe, S -- Pollard, T D -- GM-26132/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-26338/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-56653/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1679-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Static Electricity ; Thymus Gland
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    Dinosaur motion. Did saurian predators fold up on turns? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Extremities/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Kinesis ; *Locomotion ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Posture ; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Tail/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Integrated genomic and proteomic analyses of a systematically perturbed metabolic network (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-08
    Description: We demonstrate an integrated approach to build, test, and refine a model of a cellular pathway, in which perturbations to critical pathway components are analyzed using DNA microarrays, quantitative proteomics, and databases of known physical interactions. Using this approach, we identify 997 messenger RNAs responding to 20 systematic perturbations of the yeast galactose-utilization pathway, provide evidence that approximately 15 of 289 detected proteins are regulated posttranscriptionally, and identify explicit physical interactions governing the cellular response to each perturbation. We refine the model through further iterations of perturbation and global measurements, suggesting hypotheses about the regulation of galactose utilization and physical interactions between this and a variety of other metabolic pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ideker, T -- Thorsson, V -- Ranish, J A -- Christmas, R -- Buhler, J -- Eng, J K -- Bumgarner, R -- Goodlett, D R -- Aebersold, R -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):929-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Systems Biology, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. tideker@systemsbiology.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computational Biology ; Culture Media ; Databases, Factual ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Galactose/*metabolism ; Galactosephosphates/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; Models, Biological ; Models, Genetic ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Proteome ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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    MAP kinase phosphatase as a locus of flexibility in a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling network (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: Intracellular signaling networks receive and process information to control cellular machines. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1,2/protein kinase C (PKC) system is one such network that regulates many cellular machines, including the cell cycle machinery and autocrine/paracrine factor synthesizing machinery. We used a combination of computational analysis and experiments in mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts to understand the design principles of this controller network. We find that the growth factor-stimulated signaling network containing MAPK 1, 2/PKC can operate with one (monostable) or two (bistable) stable states. At low concentrations of MAPK phosphatase, the system exhibits bistable behavior, such that brief stimulus results in sustained MAPK activation. The MAPK-induced increase in the amounts of MAPK phosphatase eliminates the prolonged response capability and moves the network to a monostable state, in which it behaves as a proportional response system responding acutely to stimulus. Thus, the MAPK 1, 2/PKC controller network is flexibly designed, and MAPK phosphatase may be critical for this flexible response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhalla, Upinder S -- Ram, Prahlad T -- Iyengar, Ravi -- CA-79134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-81050/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-54508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1018-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore 560065 India. bhalla@ncbs.res.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Computer Simulation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Immediate-Early Proteins/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mathematics ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phospholipases A/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*metabolism
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    A phase separation model for the nanopatterning of diatom biosilica (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Diatoms are encased in an intricately patterned wall that consists of amorphous silica. Species-specific fabrication of this ornate biomineral enables taxonomists to identify thousands of diatom species. The molecular mechanisms that control this nanofabrication and generate the diversity of patterns is not well understood. A simple model is described, in which repeated phase separation events during wall biogenesis are assumed to produce self-similar silica patterns in smaller and smaller scales. On the basis of this single assumption, the apparently complex patterns found in the valves of the diatom genus Coscinodiscus can be predicted. Microscopic analysis of valves in statu nascendi from three different Coscinodiscus species supports the conclusions derived from the model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sumper, Manfred -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2430-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl Biochemie I, Universitat Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. manfred.sumper@vkl.uni-regensburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Chemical Precipitation ; Diatoms/*chemistry/classification/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Polyamines/analysis/metabolism ; Polymers ; Silicic Acid/chemistry/metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide/*chemistry/metabolism ; Species Specificity
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    Extension of life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans by a diet lacking coenzyme Q (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The isoprenylated benzoquinone coenzyme Q is a redox-active lipid essential for electron transport in aerobic respiration. Here, we show that withdrawal of coenzyme Q (Q) from the diet of wild-type nematodes extends adult life-span by approximately 60%. The longevity of clk-1, daf-2, daf-12, and daf-16 mutants is also extended by a Q-less diet. These results establish the importance of Q in life-span determination. The findings suggest that Q and the daf-2 pathway intersect at the mitochondria and imply that a concerted production coupled with enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen species contributes to the substantial life-span extension.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larsen, Pamela L -- Clarke, Catherine F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. larsen@chem.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Diet ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Larva/growth & development/metabolism ; *Longevity ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phenotype ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquinone/administration & dosage/*metabolism
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    Cell biology. Molecular motors move in mysterious ways (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):780-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Kinesin/metabolism/*physiology ; Microtubules/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/metabolism/*physiology ; Movement ; Rotation
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    Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: Geographic patterns in species richness are mainly based on wide-ranging species because their larger number of distribution records has a disproportionate contribution to the species richness counts. Here we demonstrate how this effect strongly influences our understanding of what determines species richness. Using both conventional and spatial regression models, we show that for sub-Saharan African birds, the apparent role of productivity diminishes with decreasing range size, whereas the significance of topographic heterogeneity increases. The relative importance of geometric constraints from the continental edge is moderate. Our findings highlight the failure of traditional species richness models to account for narrow-ranging species that frequently are also threatened.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetz, Walter -- Rahbek, Carsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1548-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. walter.jetz@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Animals ; *Birds/physiology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Homing Behavior ; Models, Biological ; Regression Analysis
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    A genomic regulatory network for development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: Development of the body plan is controlled by large networks of regulatory genes. A gene regulatory network that controls the specification of endoderm and mesoderm in the sea urchin embryo is summarized here. The network was derived from large-scale perturbation analyses, in combination with computational methodologies, genomic data, cis-regulatory analysis, and molecular embryology. The network contains over 40 genes at present, and each node can be directly verified at the DNA sequence level by cis-regulatory analysis. Its architecture reveals specific and general aspects of development, such as how given cells generate their ordained fates in the embryo and why the process moves inexorably forward in developmental time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Eric H -- Rast, Jonathan P -- Oliveri, Paola -- Ransick, Andrew -- Calestani, Cristina -- Yuh, Chiou-Hwa -- Minokawa, Takuya -- Amore, Gabriele -- Hinman, Veronica -- Arenas-Mena, Cesar -- Otim, Ochan -- Brown, C Titus -- Livi, Carolina B -- Lee, Pei Yun -- Revilla, Roger -- Rust, Alistair G -- Pan, Zheng jun -- Schilstra, Maria J -- Clarke, Peter J C -- Arnone, Maria I -- Rowen, Lee -- Cameron, R Andrew -- McClay, David R -- Hood, Leroy -- Bolouri, Hamid -- GM-61005/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-06591/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR-15044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1669-78.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Computational Biology ; Embryonic Development ; Endoderm/cytology/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genome ; Mesoderm/cytology/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Genetic ; Morphogenesis ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sea Urchins/*embryology/*genetics ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Systems Theory
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    Fisheries research. No more surprises from evanescent squid (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bostanci, Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1000-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Decapodiformes/physiology ; Falkland Islands ; *Fisheries ; Forecasting ; Models, Biological ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Water Movements
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    Essential role for the SMN complex in the specificity of snRNP assembly (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: The Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein, the product of the spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene, is part of a large macromolecular complex (SMN complex) that functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Using cell extracts and purified components, we demonstrated that the SMN complex is necessary and sufficient to mediate the ATP-dependent assembly of the core of seven Sm proteins on uridine-rich, small nuclear ribonucleic acids (U snRNAs). In vitro experiments revealed strict requirements for ordered binding of the Sm proteins and the U snRNAs to the SMN complex. Importantly, the SMN complex is necessary to ensure that Sm cores assemble only on correct RNA targets and prevent their otherwise promiscuous association with other RNAs. Thus, the SMN complex functions as a specificity factor essential for the efficient assembly of Sm proteins on U snRNAs and likely protects cells from illicit, and potentially deleterious, nonspecific binding of Sm proteins to RNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellizzoni, Livio -- Yong, Jeongsik -- Dreyfuss, Gideon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1775-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Extracts ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; DEAD Box Protein 20 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; SMN Complex Proteins
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    Mantophasmatodea: a new insect order? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilgner, Erich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):731; discussion 731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fernback Science Center, 156 Heaton Park Drive, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA. phasmida@msn.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Fossils ; Insects/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Models, Biological ; Orthoptera/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Phylogeny ; Reproducibility of Results
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    Signaling pathways for PC12 cell differentiation: making the right connections (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: A key issue in signal transduction is how signaling pathways common to many systems-so-called canonical signaling cassettes-integrate signals from molecules having a wide spectrum of activities, such as hormones and neurotrophins, to deliver distinct biological outcomes. The neuroendocrine cell line PC12, derived from rat pheochromocytoma, provides an example of how one canonical signaling cassette-the Raf --〉 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) --〉 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-can promote distinct outcomes, which in this case include neuritogenesis, gene induction, and proliferation. Two growth hormones, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), use the same pathway to cause PC12 proliferation and differentiation, respectively. In addition, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neurotransmitter that also causes differentiation, uses the same canonical cassette as NGF but in a different way. The Connections Map for PC12 Cell Differentiation brings into focus the complex array of specific cellular responses that rely on canonical signal transduction systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaudry, D -- Stork, P J S -- Lazarovici, P -- Eiden, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1648-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuropeptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells/*physiology ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Rats ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Response Elements ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Cancer. DNA damage, deamidation, and death (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Chi -- Thompson, Craig B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. drt@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Apoptosis ; Asparagine/metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein
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    TNF-R1 signaling: a beautiful pathway (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a major mediator of apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human diseases, including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The interaction of TNF with TNF receptor-1 (TNF-R1) activates several signal transduction pathways. A common feature of each pathway is the TNF-induced formation of a multiprotein signaling complex at the cell membrane. Over the past decade, many of the components and mechanisms of these signaling pathways have been elucidated. We provide an overview of current knowledge of TNF signaling and introduce an STKE Connections Map that depicts a canonical view of this process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Guoqing -- Goeddel, David V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1634-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. goeddel@tularik.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Multiprotein Complexes ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; *Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Structural assets of a tumor suppressor (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tonks, N K -- Myers, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2096-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. tonks@cshl.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Biophysics. For certain shrimp, life's a snap (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-14
    Description: On page 2114 of this issue, physicists report that a collapsing bubble outside the claw of the snapping shrimp Alpheus heterochaelis causes its characteristic clack. According to this new study, A. heterochaelis clamps its claw so rapidly that a water jet gushing from the claw first loses and then gains pressure, causing an air bubble in the jet to swell and collapse with a pronounced "snap!" The imploding bubble generates shock waves that stun nearby prey and ward off other shrimp, who have learned to keep their distance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11032548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Pressure ; Seawater ; *Sound
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    Structural biology. Bit players in the trombone orchestra (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Hippel, P H -- Jing, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2435-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. petevh@molbio.uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; DNA Helicases/metabolism ; DNA Primase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*biosynthesis ; RNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Templates, Genetic
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    Climate change and malaria: temperatures without fevers? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-23
    Description: As the world gets warmer, the predictions about the spread of vector-based diseases such as malaria get gloomier. However, in their timely Perspective, Dye and Reiter explain the implications of a new climate model (Randolph and Rogers), which predicts that the distribution of malaria is unlikely to change dramatically in the next 50 years even if the world does get hotter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dye, C -- Reiter, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1697-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Communicable Diseases Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. dyec@who.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/parasitology/physiology ; *Climate ; *Forecasting ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Humidity ; Insect Vectors/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*epidemiology/*transmission ; Models, Biological ; *Models, Statistical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology ; Rain ; Regression Analysis ; Temperature
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Fossils come to life in Mexico (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: New insights into ancient life came by land and sea at the 60th annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, held here from 25 to 28 October. Stunningly preserved fossils from Mongolia gave contrasting views of dinosaur family life, while biomechanical models clocked the swimming speed of cruising ichthyosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1675.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11186387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Fossils ; Maternal Behavior ; Models, Biological ; Mongolia ; *Reptiles/physiology ; Swimming
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    Structural biology. A chloride pump at atomic resolution (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spudich, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1358-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10847850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Biological Transport, Active ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/chemistry/metabolism ; Halobacterium salinarum/chemistry ; Halorhodopsins ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Pumps/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Schiff Bases
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    Signal transduction. An arresting start for MAPK (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Exactly how signaling proteins know where they need to be in the cell is one of the intriguing mysteries of signal transduction biology. In a Perspective, Pouyssegur reviews new results that identify b-arrestin 2 as a scaffolding protein that holds together the different components of a MAPK signaling pathway that activates the transcription factor kinase, JNK3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pouyssegur, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Signaling, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS-UMR 6543, Nice 06189, France. pouysseg@unice.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 7 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism ; Receptors, Thrombin/metabolism
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    Specification of Drosophila hematopoietic lineage by conserved transcription factors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Two major classes of cells observed within the Drosophila hematopoietic repertoire are plasmatocytes/macrophages and crystal cells. The transcription factor Lz (Lozenge), which resembles human AML1 (acute myeloid leukemia- 1) protein, is necessary for the development of crystal cells during embryonic and larval hematopoiesis. Another transcription factor, Gcm (glial cells missing), has previously been shown to be required for plasmatocyte development. Misexpression of Gcm causes crystal cells to be transformed into plasmatocytes. The Drosophila GATA protein Srp (Serpent) is required for both Lz and Gcm expression and is necessary for the development of both classes of hemocytes, whereas Lz and Gcm are required in a lineage-specific manner. Given the similarities of Srp and Lz to mammalian GATA and AML1 proteins, observations in Drosophila are likely to have broad implications for understanding mammalian hematopoiesis and leukemias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lebestky, T -- Chang, T -- Hartenstein, V -- Banerjee, U -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS29367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01EY08152/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):146-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila/*cytology/embryology/genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; GATA Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Hemocytes/*cytology/metabolism ; Larva/cytology ; Macrophages/cytology/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/genetics/*physiology ; Temperature ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology
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    The bacterial flagellar cap as the rotary promoter of flagellin self-assembly (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-16
    Description: The growth of the bacterial flagellar filament occurs at its distal end by self-assembly of flagellin transported from the cytoplasm through the narrow central channel. The cap at the growing end is essential for its growth, remaining stably attached while permitting the flagellin insertion. In order to understand the assembly mechanism, we used electron microscopy to study the structures of the cap-filament complex and isolated cap dimer. Five leg-like anchor domains of the pentameric cap flexibly adjusted their conformations to keep just one flagellin binding site open, indicating a cap rotation mechanism to promote the flagellin self-assembly. This represents one of the most dynamic movements in protein structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yonekura, K -- Maki, S -- Morgan, D G -- DeRosier, D J -- Vonderviszt, F -- Imada, K -- Namba, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2148-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Protonic NanoMachine Project, ERATO, JST, 3-4 Hikaridai, Seika, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Diffusion ; Dimerization ; Flagella/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Flagellin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Biological ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Assessing biodiversity and ecological stability (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method
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    Of salmon and dams (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collie, J -- Saila, S -- Walters, C -- Carpenter, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):933-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Government Agencies ; Models, Biological ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/physiology
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    Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-05
    Description: Most marine populations are thought to be well connected via long-distance dispersal of larval stages. Eulerian and Lagrangian flow models, coupled with linear mortality estimates, were used to examine this assumption. The findings show that when simple advection models are used, larval exchange rates may be overestimated; such simplistic models fail to account for a decrease of up to nine orders of magnitude in larval concentrations resulting from diffusion and mortality. The alternative process of larval retention near local populations is shown to exist and may be of great importance in the maintenance of marine population structure and management of coastal marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowen, R K -- Lwiza, K M -- Sponaugle, S -- Paris, C B -- Olson, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 4;287(5454):857-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA. rcowen@rsmas.miami.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10657300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Barbados ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Geography ; Larva/physiology ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater
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    Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signaling (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-21
    Description: The developmental mechanisms specifying digital identity have attracted 30 years of intense interest, but still remain poorly understood. Here, through experiments on chick foot development, we show digital identity is not a fixed property of digital primordia. Rather, digital identity is specified by the interdigital mesoderm, demonstrating a patterning function for this tissue before its regression. More posterior interdigits specify more posterior digital identities, and each primordium will develop in accordance with the most posterior cues received. Furthermore, inhibition of interdigital bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling can transform digit identity, suggesting a role for BMPs in this process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahn, R D -- Fallon, J F -- HD32551/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32HD07477/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):438-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10903202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*physiology ; Chick Embryo ; Foot/*embryology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hindlimb/embryology ; Limb Buds/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Proteins/pharmacology/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators
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    The way things move: looking under the hood of molecular motor proteins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The microtubule-based kinesin motors and actin-based myosin motors generate motions associated with intracellular trafficking, cell division, and muscle contraction. Early studies suggested that these molecular motors work by very different mechanisms. Recently, however, it has become clear that kinesin and myosin share a common core structure and convert energy from adenosine triphosphate into protein motion using a similar conformational change strategy. Many different types of mechanical amplifiers have evolved that operate in conjunction with the conserved core. This modular design has given rise to a remarkable diversity of kinesin and myosin motors whose motile properties are optimized for performing distinct biological functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vale, R D -- Milligan, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):88-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. vale@phy.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Kinesin/chemistry/*physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Myosins/chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    How snapping shrimp snap: through cavitating bubbles (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-09-23
    Description: The snapping shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis) produces a loud snapping sound by an extremely rapid closure of its snapper claw. One of the effects of the snapping is to stun or kill prey animals. During the rapid snapper claw closure, a high-velocity water jet is emitted from the claw with a speed exceeding cavitation conditions. Hydrophone measurements in conjunction with time-controlled high-speed imaging of the claw closure demonstrate that the sound is emitted at the cavitation bubble collapse and not on claw closure. A model for the bubble dynamics based on a Rayleigh-Plesset-type equation quantitatively accounts for the time dependence of the bubble radius and for the emitted sound.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Versluis, M -- Schmitz, B -- von der Heydt, A -- Lohse, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Research Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Post Office Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11000111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Pressure ; Seawater ; *Sound
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    Noisy clockwork: time series analysis of population fluctuations in animals (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Both biotic interactions and abiotic random forcing are crucial influences on population dynamics. This frequently leads to roughly equal importance of deterministic and stochastic forces. The resulting tension between noise and determinism makes ecological dynamics unique, with conceptual and methodological challenges distinctive from those in other dynamical systems. The theory for stochastic, nonlinear ecological dynamics has been developed alongside methods to test models. A range of dynamical components has been considered-density dependence, environmental and demographic stochasticity, and climatic forcing-as well as their often complex interactions. We discuss recent advances in understanding ecological dynamics and testing theory using long-term data and review how dynamical forces interact to generate some central field and laboratory time series.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjornstad, O N -- Grenfell, B T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):638-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. onb1@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes ; Time Factors
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    Role of the nonsense-mediated decay factor hUpf3 in the splicing-dependent exon-exon junction complex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay, or NMD, is a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. NMD depends on both pre-mRNA splicing and translation, and it requires recognition of the position of stop codons relative to exon-exon junctions. A key factor in NMD is hUpf3, a mostly nuclear protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and interacts specifically with spliced mRNAs. We found that hUpf3 interacts with Y14, a component of post-splicing mRNA-protein (mRNP) complexes, and that hUpf3 is enriched in Y14-containing mRNP complexes. The mRNA export factors Aly/REF and TAP are also associated with nuclear hUpf3, indicating that hUpf3 is in mRNP complexes that are poised for nuclear export. Like Y14 and Aly/REF, hUpf3 binds to spliced mRNAs specifically ( approximately 20 nucleotides) upstream of exon-exon junctions. The splicing-dependent binding of hUpf3 to mRNAs before export, as part of the complex that assembles near exon-exon junctions, allows it to serve as a link between splicing and NMD in the cytoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, V N -- Kataoka, N -- Dreyfuss, G -- 5 R01 GM37125.14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1832-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/metabolism ; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Line ; Codon, Nonsense/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Exons/*genetics ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Globins/genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Biological ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; RNA Splicing/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Substrate Specificity
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    Cooperation, control, and concession in meerkat groups (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: "Limited control" models of reproductive skew in cooperative societies suggest that the frequency of breeding by subordinates is determined by the outcome of power struggles with dominants. In contrast, "optimal skew" models suggest that dominants have full control of subordinate reproduction and allow subordinates to breed only when this serves to retain subordinates' assistance with rearing dominants' own litters. The results of our 7-year field study of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, support the predictions of limited control models and provide no indication that dominant females grant reproductive concessions to subordinates to retain their assistance with future breeding attempts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, T H -- Brotherton, P N -- Russell, A F -- O'Riain, M J -- Gaynor, D -- Kansky, R -- Griffin, A -- Manser, M -- Sharpe, L -- McIlrath, G M -- Small, T -- Moss, A -- Monfort, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):478-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Southern ; Aging ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Body Weight ; Carnivora/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Dominance-Subordination ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Rain ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Intracellular anions as the voltage sensor of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: Outer hair cells (OHCs) of the mammalian cochlea actively change their cell length in response to changes in membrane potential. This electromotility, thought to be the basis of cochlear amplification, is mediated by a voltage-sensitive motor molecule recently identified as the membrane protein prestin. Here, we show that voltage sensitivity is conferred to prestin by the intracellular anions chloride and bicarbonate. Removal of these anions abolished fast voltage-dependent motility, as well as the characteristic nonlinear charge movement ("gating currents") driving the underlying structural rearrangements of the protein. The results support a model in which anions act as extrinsic voltage sensors, which bind to the prestin molecule and thus trigger the conformational changes required for motility of OHCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, D -- He, D Z -- Klocker, N -- Ludwig, J -- Schulte, U -- Waldegger, S -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Dallos, P -- Fakler, B -- DC00089/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2340-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology II, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins ; Anions/pharmacology ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cations/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophysiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Molecular biology. In yeast, prions' killer image doesn't apply (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):758-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Prion Diseases/metabolism ; Prions/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Yeasts/*metabolism
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    Structure. Action at the Y-branch (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weeds, A -- Yeoh, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1660-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. agw@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Movement ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Biological ; Protein Structure, Quaternary
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    Est1p as a cell cycle-regulated activator of telomere-bound telomerase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the telomerase components Est2p, TLC1 RNA, Est1p, and Est3p are thought to form a complex that acts late during chromosome replication (S phase) upon recruitment by Cdc13p, a telomeric DNA binding protein. Consistent with this model, we show that Est1p, Est2p, and Cdc13p are telomere-associated at this time. However, Est2p, but not Est1p, also binds telomeres before late S phase. The cdc13-2 allele has been proposed to be defective in recruitment, yet Est1p and Est2p telomere association persists in cdc13-2 cells. These findings suggest a model in which Est1p binds telomeres late in S phase and interacts with Cdc13p to convert inactive, telomere-bound Est2p to an active form.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taggart, Andrew K P -- Teng, Shu-Chun -- Zakian, Virginia A -- GM43265/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA09528-16/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Cell Cycle ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; G1 Phase ; Genes, Fungal ; Models, Biological ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Precipitin Tests ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; S Phase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism ; *Telomere-Binding Proteins
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    Connections and regulation of the human estrogen receptor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Estrogen regulates a plethora of functionally dissimilar processes in a broad range of tissues. Recent progress in the study of the molecular mechanism of action of estrogen(s) has revealed why different cells can respond to the same hormone in a different manner. Three of these findings are of particular importance: (i) There are two genetically and functionally distinct estrogen receptors that have distinct expression patterns in vivo; (ii) the positive and negative transcriptional activities of these receptors require them to engage transcription cofactors (coactivators or corepressors) in target cells; and (iii) not all cofactors are functionally equivalent, nor are they expressed in the same manner in all cells. Thus, although the estrogen receptor is required for a cell to respond to an estrogenic stimulus, the nature and extent of that response are determined by the proteins, pathways, and processes with which the receptor interacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonnell, Donald P -- Norris, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710, USA. donald.mcdonnell@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens/*metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Estrogen/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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    Signal transduction. Decoding NF-kappaB signaling (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ting, Alice Y -- Endy, Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL5/genetics ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; Chemokines, CXC/genetics ; Computer Simulation ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Transcription. Oxygen sensing gets a second wind (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruick, Richard K -- McKnight, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):807-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard L3.124, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA. bruick@biochem.swmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asparagine/*metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Response Elements ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Humped pattern of diversity: fact or artifact? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arim, Matias -- Barbosa, Olga -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1763; discussion 1763.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. marim@genes.bio.puc.cl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artifacts ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Cell biology. Cell migration research is on the move (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chicurel, Marina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):606-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; *Cell Movement ; Computer Simulation ; Cytological Techniques ; Genes ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; Proteins/physiology ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; Software ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
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    Molecular biology. New proteases in a ubiquitin stew (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochstrasser, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. mark.hochstrasser@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; Yeasts/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
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    Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Experiments with vesicles containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B (NR2B subunit) show that they are transported along microtubules by KIF17, a neuron-specific molecular motor in neuronal dendrites. Selective transport is accomplished by direct interaction of the KIF17 tail with a PDZ domain of mLin-10 (Mint1/X11), which is a constituent of a large protein complex including mLin-2 (CASK), mLin-7 (MALS/Velis), and the NR2B subunit. This interaction, specific for a neurotransmitter receptor critically important for plasticity in the postsynaptic terminal, may be a regulatory point for synaptic plasticity and neuronal morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Setou, M -- Nakagawa, T -- Seog, D H -- Hirokawa, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1796-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dendrites/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Kinesin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Organelles/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Formation of sphalerite (ZnS) deposits in natural biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-02
    Description: Abundant, micrometer-scale, spherical aggregates of 2- to 5-nanometer-diameter sphalerite (ZnS) particles formed within natural biofilms dominated by relatively aerotolerant sulfate-reducing bacteria of the family Desulfobacteriaceae. The biofilm zinc concentration is about 10(6) times that of associated groundwater (0.09 to 1.1 parts per million zinc). Sphalerite also concentrates arsenic (0.01 weight %) and selenium (0.004 weight %). The almost monomineralic product results from buffering of sulfide concentrations at low values by sphalerite precipitation. These results show how microbes control metal concentrations in groundwater- and wetland-based remediation systems and suggest biological routes for formation of some low-temperature ZnS deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labrenz, M -- Druschel, G K -- Thomsen-Ebert, T -- Gilbert, B -- Welch, S A -- Kemner, K M -- Logan, G A -- Summons, R E -- De Stasio, G -- Bond, P L -- Lai, B -- Kelly, S D -- Banfield, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1744-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenic/metabolism ; *Biofilms/growth & development ; Chemical Precipitation ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallization ; Deltaproteobacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metals/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/physiology ; Selenium/metabolism ; Sulfides/*metabolism ; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Water Microbiology ; Zinc Compounds/*metabolism
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    Integration of multiple signals through cooperative regulation of the N-WASP-Arp2/3 complex (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: The protein N-WASP [a homolog to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)] regulates actin polymerization by stimulating the actin-nucleating activity of the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. N-WASP is tightly regulated by multiple signals: Only costimulation by Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) yields potent polymerization. We found that regulation requires N-WASP's constitutively active output domain (VCA) and two regulatory domains: a Cdc42-binding domain and a previously undescribed PIP(2)-binding domain. In the absence of stimuli, the regulatory modules together hold the VCA-Arp2/3 complex in an inactive "closed" conformation. In this state, both the Cdc42- and PIP2-binding sites are masked. Binding of either input destabilizes the closed state and enhances binding of the other input. This cooperative activation mechanism shows how combinations of simple binding domains can be used to integrate and amplify coincident signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prehoda, K E -- Scott, J A -- Mullins, R D -- Lim, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):801-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0450, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Thermodynamics ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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    Signal transduction. N-WASP regulation--the sting in the tail (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Signaling proteins can be regulated by their interactions with other proteins and phospholipids. As Fawcett and Pawson discuss in their Perspective, activation of the N-WASP protein (which coordinates formation of actin filaments) is far more complex, depending on the interaction of N-WASP with both a protein and a phospholipid. The authors explain new results (Prehoda et al.) demonstrating that cooperative binding of the phospholipid PIP2 and the small GTPase Cdc42 to N-WASP results in its activation. The Arp2/3 complex is then able to bind to N-WASP and to proceed with its job of initiating the assembly of actin monomers into actin filaments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fawcett, J -- Pawson, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):725-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. fawcett@mshri.on.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal ; Xenopus ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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    Coherence and conservation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-18
    Description: A principal aim of current conservation policy is to reduce the impact of habitat fragmentation. Conservation corridors may achieve this goal by facilitating movement among isolated patches, but there is a risk that increased connectivity could synchronize local population fluctuations (causing coherent oscillations) and thereby increase the danger of global extinction. We identify general conditions under which populations can or cannot undergo coherent oscillations, and we relate these conditions to local and global extinction probabilities. We suggest a simple method to explore the potential success of conservation corridors and, more generally, any manipulations of dispersal patterns that aim to protect threatened species or control pests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earn, D J -- Levin, S A -- Rohani, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 17;290(5495):1360-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1. earn@math.mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11082064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Logistic Models ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Reproduction
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    The global spread of malaria in a future, warmer world (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-08
    Description: The frequent warnings that global climate change will allow falciparum malaria to spread into northern latitudes, including Europe and large parts of the United States, are based on biological transmission models driven principally by temperature. These models were assessed for their value in predicting present, and therefore future, malaria distribution. In an alternative statistical approach, the recorded present-day global distribution of falciparum malaria was used to establish the current multivariate climatic constraints. These results were applied to future climate scenarios to predict future distributions, which showed remarkably few changes, even under the most extreme scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, D J -- Randolph, S E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1763-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trypanosomiasis and Land-use in Africa Research Group, Oxford Tick Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. david.rogers@zoology.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/parasitology/physiology ; *Climate ; Cluster Analysis ; Culicidae/parasitology/physiology ; *Forecasting ; *Global Health ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Humidity ; Insect Vectors/parasitology/physiology ; Likelihood Functions ; Malaria, Falciparum/*epidemiology/parasitology/*transmission ; Models, Biological ; *Models, Statistical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology ; Rain ; Risk ; Temperature
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    Biophysics. What's shakin' in the ear? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-06
    Description: Auditory researchers agree that hair cells are the ear's miniature amplifiers. They just don't agree about how the curious devices work. The two most popular ideas--one involving chemically activated trapdoors, the other cells that pump like pistons--both have been boosted by recent research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):1954-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins ; Auditory Perception ; Basilar Membrane/physiology ; Cilia/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Feedback ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/*physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Pitch Discrimination ; Proteins/*physiology ; Vibration
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    Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and the known sensitivity of biodiversity to these changes. This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, a ranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties. For terrestrial ecosystems, land-use change probably will have the largest effect, followed by climate change, nitrogen deposition, biotic exchange, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration. For freshwater ecosystems, biotic exchange is much more important. Mediterranean climate and grassland ecosystems likely will experience the greatest proportional change in biodiversity because of the substantial influence of all drivers of biodiversity change. Northern temperate ecosystems are estimated to experience the least biodiversity change because major land-use change has already occurred. Plausible changes in biodiversity in other biomes depend on interactions among the causes of biodiversity change. These interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sala, O E -- Chapin, F S 3rd -- Armesto, J J -- Berlow, E -- Bloomfield, J -- Dirzo, R -- Huber-Sanwald, E -- Huenneke, L F -- Jackson, R B -- Kinzig, A -- Leemans, R -- Lodge, D M -- Mooney, H A -- Oesterheld, M -- Poff, N L -- Sykes, M T -- Walker, B H -- Walker, M -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1770-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas vinculadas a la Agricultura, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina. sala@ifeva.edu.ar〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen
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    Cell cycle. License withheld--geminin blocks DNA replication (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: A cell ensures that its genome is replicated only once during its division cycle through a process called licensing. In an enlightening Perspective, Lygerou and Nurse explain how binding of the Geminin protein to Cdt1 blocks the binding of licensing factors to chromatin, inhibiting the onset of S phase (Wohlschlegel et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lygerou, Z -- Nurse, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26110 Rio, Patras, Greece. z_lygerou@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/metabolism ; *DNA Replication/drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Geminin ; Humans ; Interphase ; Metaphase ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Origin Recognition Complex ; S Phase ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins
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    Reversibility of HIV drug resistance (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davenport, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Pathology, University of New South Wale,s Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. m.davenport@unsw.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10847833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Forecasting ; HIV/*drug effects ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/transmission/*virology ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Probability ; Risk-Taking ; San Francisco
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    Evolution. When fittest survive, do other animals matter? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):414-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10798968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bryozoa/growth & development ; Computer Simulation ; *Fossils ; Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic
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    Role of importin-beta in coupling Ran to downstream targets in microtubule assembly (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-07
    Description: The guanosine triphosphatase Ran stimulates assembly of microtubule asters and spindles in mitotic Xenopus egg extracts. A carboxyl-terminal region of the nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), a nuclear protein required for organizing mitotic spindle poles, mimics Ran's ability to induce asters. This NuMA fragment also specifically interacted with the nuclear transport factor, importin-beta. We show that importin-beta is an inhibitor of microtubule aster assembly in Xenopus egg extracts and that Ran regulates the interaction between importin-beta and NuMA. Importin-beta therefore links NuMA to regulation by Ran. This suggests that similar mechanisms regulate nuclear import during interphase and spindle assembly during mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiese, C -- Wilde, A -- Moore, M S -- Adam, S A -- Merdes, A -- Zheng, Y -- GM47866/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM53678/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11229403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Extracts ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Interphase ; Karyopherins ; Microtubules/drug effects/*metabolism ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ovum ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Queen control of sex ratio in fire ants (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: The haplodiploid sex-determination system of ants gives rise to conflict between queens and workers over colony sex ratios, and the female-biased allocation ratios seen in many species suggest that workers often prevail in this conflict. We exchanged queens between male- and female-specialist colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. These exchanges quickly reversed the sex-ratio biases of adopting colonies. The sex ratio of queen-laid eggs differed strongly between male- and female-specialist colonies. These findings suggest that queens can force workers to raise male sexuals by limiting the number of female brood and help to explain why sex investment ratios lie between the queen and worker equilibria in this and many other ant species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Passera, L -- Aron, S -- Vargo, E L -- Keller, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Cognition, FRE-CNRS 2382, University Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 31062, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Oviposition ; Ovum/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Social Behavior ; Zygote/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular biology and evolution. Can genes explain biological complexity? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, E -- Jordan, F -- Pal, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1315-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag u., H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Differentiation ; Computational Biology ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Plants/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome ; Transcription Factors/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Transduction. When worlds collide--trafficking in JNK (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldstein, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2102-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0683, USA. lgoldstein@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11256408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Kinesin/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Transport Vesicles/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Centrosome-dependent exit of cytokinesis in animal cells (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-27
    Description: As an organelle coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions, the centrosome is essential to mitotic fidelity, and its inheritance could be critical to understanding cell transformation. Investigating the behavior of the centrosome in living mitotic cells, we documented a transient and remarkable postanaphase repositioning of this organelle, which apparently controls the release of central microtubules from the midbody and the completion of cell division. We also observed that the absence of the centrosome leads to defects in cytokinesis. Together with recent results in yeasts, our data point to a conserved centrosome-dependent pathway that integrates spatial controls into the decision of completing cell division, which requires the repositioning of the centrosome organelle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piel, M -- Nordberg, J -- Euteneuer, U -- Bornens, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1550-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Curie, Section Recherche, UMR 144 du CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11222861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Division/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Centrioles/*physiology ; Centrosome/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Microscopy, Video ; Microtubules/drug effects/physiology/ultrastructure ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology/ultrastructure ; Telophase
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Estimation of epidemic size and incubation time based on age characteristics of vCJD in the United Kingdom (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: The size of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) epidemic in the United Kingdom is a major public health concern and a subject of speculation. The cases are young (mean age = 28). Assuming that the risk of developing the disease in susceptible exposed subjects decreases exponentially with age after age 15, that all infections occurred between 1980 and 1989, and that the distribution of the incubation period is lognormal, we estimate that the mean duration of the incubation period is 16.7 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.4 to 23.2] and that the total number of cases will be 205 (upper limit of the 95% CI: 403).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valleron, A J -- Boelle, P Y -- Will, R -- Cesbron, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1726-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epidemiology and Information Sciences, INSERM U444, CHU Saint-Antoine, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/mortality/transmission ; Disease Susceptibility/epidemiology ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Probability ; Risk ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Signal transduction. RIPping tyrosine kinase receptors apart (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heldin, C H -- Ericsson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2111-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; src Homology Domains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Field test backs model for invader (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mlot, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Models, Biological ; Rosales/*growth & development ; Southeastern United States ; Temperature ; Trees/*growth & development
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    Epidemiology. How viruses spread among computers and people (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd, A L -- May, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1316-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Theoretical Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. alun@alunlloyd.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Computers ; *Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; *Internet ; Models, Biological ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Social Environment ; Virus Diseases/*epidemiology/prevention & control/*transmission ; Virus Physiological Phenomena
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Collapse of the California Current during glacial maxima linked to climate change on land (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Time series of alkenone unsaturation indices gathered along the California margin reveal large (4 degrees to 8 degrees C) glacial-interglacial changes in sea surface temperature (SST) over the past 550,000 years. Interglacial times with SSTs equal to or exceeding that of the Holocene contain peak abundances in the pollen of redwood, the distinctive component of the temperate rainforest of the northwest coast of California. In the region now dominated by the California Current, SSTs warmed 10,000 to 15,000 years in advance of deglaciation at each of the past five glacial maxima. SSTs did not rise in advance of deglaciation south of the modern California Current front. Glacial warming along the California margin therefore is a regional signal of the weakening of the California Current during times when large ice sheets reorganized wind systems over the North Pacific. Both the timing and magnitude of the SST estimates suggest that the Devils Hole (Nevada) calcite record represents regional but not global paleotemperatures, and hence does not pose a fundamental challenge to the orbital ("Milankovitch") theory of the Ice Ages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbert, T D -- Schuffert, J D -- Andreasen, D -- Heusser, L -- Lyle, M -- Mix, A -- Ravelo, A C -- Stott, L D -- Herguera, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):71-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Carbonate ; California ; *Climate ; Diatoms/physiology ; *Ice ; Models, Biological ; Nevada ; Pacific Ocean ; Pollen ; *Seawater/analysis ; Temperature ; Trees/physiology
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    G-protein signaling through tubby proteins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-26
    Description: Dysfunction of the tubby protein results in maturity-onset obesity in mice. Tubby has been implicated as a transcription regulator, but details of the molecular mechanism underlying its function remain unclear. Here we show that tubby functions in signal transduction from heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors. Tubby localizes to the plasma membrane by binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate through its carboxyl terminal "tubby domain." X-ray crystallography reveals the atomic-level basis of this interaction and implicates tubby domains as phosphorylated-phosphatidyl- inositol binding factors. Receptor-mediated activation of G protein alphaq (Galphaq) releases tubby from the plasma membrane through the action of phospholipase C-beta, triggering translocation of tubby to the cell nucleus. The localization of tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) is similarly regulated. These data suggest that tubby proteins function as membrane-bound transcription regulators that translocate to the nucleus in response to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, providing a direct link between G-protein signaling and the regulation of gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santagata, S -- Boggon, T J -- Baird, C L -- Gomez, C A -- Zhao, J -- Shan, W S -- Myszka, D G -- Shapiro, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2041-50. Epub 2001 May 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Structural Biology Program, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, 1425 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Obesity/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
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    Biochemistry. How to make a superior cell (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephanopoulos, G -- Kelleher, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2024-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. gregstep@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Diatoms/*genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Therapy ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/therapy ; Models, Biological ; Models, Genetic ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Photosynthesis
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    International Congress of Developmental Biology. Developmental progress fills the air in Kyoto (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):788-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Cell Differentiation ; Chick Embryo ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Homeobox ; Limb Buds/*embryology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Sea Urchins/embryology/genetics ; Somites/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: As a discipline, phylogenetics is becoming transformed by a flood of molecular data. These data allow broad questions to be asked about the history of life, but also present difficult statistical and computational problems. Bayesian inference of phylogeny brings a new perspective to a number of outstanding issues in evolutionary biology, including the analysis of large phylogenetic trees and complex evolutionary models and the detection of the footprint of natural selection in DNA sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huelsenbeck, J P -- Ronquist, F -- Nielsen, R -- Bollback, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2310-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. johnh@brahms.biology.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; DNA/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry/genetics ; Insects/classification/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Markov Chains ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Orthomyxoviridae/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/classification/genetics ; Probability ; Selection, Genetic ; Software
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    Behavioral ecology. Dividing up the kids (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, W D -- Haydock, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):442-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hastings Reservation and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Carmel Valley, CA 93924, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Southern ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Carnivora/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Dominance-Subordination ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Avian persistence in fragmented rainforest (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: What factors determine the persistence of species in fragmented habitats? To address this question, we studied the relative impacts of forest deterioration and fragmentation on bird species in 12 rainforest fragments in Kenya, combining 6 years of individual capture-recapture data with measurements of current captures and museum specimens. Species mobility, as estimated from species-specific dispersal rates, and tolerance to habitat deterioration, as estimated from change in fluctuating asymmetry with increasing habitat disturbance, explained 88% of the variation in patch occupancy among eight forest bird species. Occupancy increased with mobility and with tolerance to deterioration, where both variables contributed equally to this relationship. We conclude that individual-level study, such as of dispersal behavior and phenotypic development, can predict patterns of persistence at the species level. More generally, for conservation tactics to stand a high chance of success, they should include action both within sites, to minimize habitat deterioration, and across landscapes, to maximize dispersal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lens, Luc -- Van Dongen, Stefan -- Norris, Ken -- Githiru, Mwangi -- Matthysen, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1236-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. luc.lens@rug.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Kenya ; Logistic Models ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Species Specificity ; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tissue engineering--current challenges and expanding opportunities (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Tissue engineering can be used to restore, maintain, or enhance tissues and organs. The potential impact of this field, however, is far broader-in the future, engineered tissues could reduce the need for organ replacement, and could greatly accelerate the development of new drugs that may cure patients, eliminating the need for organ transplants altogether.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffith, Linda G -- Naughton, Gail -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1009-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, and Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. griff@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bioreactors ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Skin Transplantation ; Stem Cells/physiology ; *Tissue Engineering/instrumentation/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Beta diversity in tropical forests (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duivenvoorden, J F -- Svenning, J C -- Wright, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):636-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Post Office Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands. duivenvoorden@science.uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Models, Biological ; Panama ; Peru ; Regression Analysis ; *Trees/classification/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Heart regeneration in zebrafish (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: Cardiac injury in mammals and amphibians typically leads to scarring, with minimal regeneration of heart muscle. Here, we demonstrate histologically that zebrafish fully regenerate hearts within 2 months of 20% ventricular resection. Regeneration occurs through robust proliferation of cardiomyocytes localized at the leading epicardial edge of the new myocardium. The hearts of zebrafish with mutations in the Mps1 mitotic checkpoint kinase, a critical cell cycle regulator, failed to regenerate and formed scars. Thus, injury-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish can overcome scar formation, allowing cardiac muscle regeneration. These findings indicate that zebrafish will be useful for genetically dissecting the molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poss, Kenneth D -- Wilson, Lindsay G -- Keating, Mark T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kposs@enders.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Collagen/analysis ; Fibrin ; Fibrosis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Injuries/pathology/physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles/pathology/surgery ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/physiology ; *Regeneration/genetics/physiology ; Time Factors ; Ventricular Function ; Zebrafish/genetics/*physiology ; *Zebrafish Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Close before opening (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: As bacteria need iron from the environment to survive, they have evolved active iron transporter proteins in their outer membranes. In her Perspective, Postle discusses new insights into iron transport revealed by the crystal structure of the iron transporter FecA in E. coli (Ferguson et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Postle, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1658-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. postle@mail.wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport, Active ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Siderophores/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Phosphorylated lipids are produced at cellular membranes during signaling events and contribute to the recruitment and activation of various signaling components. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, in cell survival pathways; the regulation of gene expression and cell metabolism; and cytoskeletal rearrangements are highlighted. The PI3K pathway is implicated in human diseases including diabetes and cancer, and understanding the intricacies of this pathway may provide new avenues for therapuetic intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantley, Lewis C -- R01 GM041890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115-5713, USA. cantley@helix.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conversion of PrP to a self-perpetuating PrPSc-like conformation in the cytosol (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: A rare conformation of the prion protein, PrPSc, is found only in mammals with transmissible prion diseases and represents either the infectious agent itself or a major component of it. The mechanism for initiating PrPSc formation is unknown. We report that PrP retrogradely transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum produced both amorphous aggregates and a PrPSc-like conformation in the cytosol. The distribution between these forms correlated with the rate of appearance in the cytosol. Once conversion to the PrPSc-like conformation occurred, it was sustained. Thus, PrP has an inherent capacity to promote its own conformational conversion in mammalian cells. These observations might explain the origin of PrPSc.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Jiyan -- Lindquist, Susan -- GMS 25874/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1785-8. Epub 2002 Oct 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/chemistry/metabolism ; Cytosol/*metabolism ; Endopeptidase K/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Multienzyme Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Neurons ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; PrPSc Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Prions/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Transport ; Solubility ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanography. Small critters--big effects (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morel, Andre -- Antoine, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 06238 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. morel@obs-vlfr.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/metabolism/*physiology ; Geography ; Light ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/metabolism/*physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Spacecraft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Plant biology. Prime time for cellulose (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Steve M -- Bacic, Tony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):59-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Resource Management and Forest Science Centre, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Catalysis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cellulase ; Cellulose/*analogs & derivatives/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Dextrins/metabolism ; Glucans/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/*metabolism ; Gossypium/enzymology/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Plants/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Sitosterols/*metabolism ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose/metabolism ; Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Signal transduction by the TGF-beta superfamily (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and disruption of their activity has been implicated in a variety of human diseases ranging from cancer to chondrodysplasias and pulmonary hypertension. Intense investigations have revealed that SMAD proteins constitute the basic components of the core intracellular signaling cascade and that SMADs function by carrying signals from the cell surface directly to the nucleus. Recent insights have revealed how SMAD proteins themselves are regulated and how appropriate subcellular localization of SMADs and TGF-beta transmembrane receptors is controlled. Current research efforts investigating the contribution of SMAD-independent pathways promise to reveal advances to enhance our understanding of the signaling cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Attisano, Liliana -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1646-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada. liliana.attisano@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Ligases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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