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  • 1
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    Investigation of production possibility of monosex female and sterile fish in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25147 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:54:41 | 25147 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P〈0.001). In the other treamtnet, different percentages of sex ratio including male, female, intersex and sterility were observed. The offspring of genral eggs fertilization with the sperm of masculinized fish were 100% female, chisquare test was shown the treatment of orally administration of 30 ppm hormone for 120 days after commencing active feeding that had been considered for sterilization, was produced 90% sterile fish (P〈0.001) and was changed the sex ratio significancthy. Morphological changes of the gonads and sperm ducts in matured fish and also histological changes in the gonads of fish in the treamtints were considerable.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Monosex ; Female ; Male ; Sterilization ; Rainbow trout ; Eggs ; Fertilized ; Sperm ; Population ; Sex ; Fish ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 3
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    Bester (beluga ♀ × starlet ♂) production and comparing their growth with beluga in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25193 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:21:38 | 25193 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Aquaculture ; Beluga ; Sterlet ; Bester ; Growth Rate ; Aquatic ; Species ; Population ; Female ; Male ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso ; Sturgeon ; Artemia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 4
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 5
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 6
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 7
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    A survey on plankto an investigation on ecology of mudskippers in Hormuzgan coastal areas communities in Bandar Abbas coastal area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25836 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:31:51 | 25836 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The most important habitats of mudskippers are muddy areas in tidal zone of tropical mangrove forests. Mudskippers are related to Oxudercinae subfamily of Gobiid fishes. Three most distributed species of Hormozgan mudskippers were Periophthalmus waltoni, Boleophthalmus dussumieri and Scartelaos tenuis. These fishes can be considered as euryhaline and eurythermal aquatic species, because they can tolerate a wide range of salinity and temperature. A research was done since september 2008 to september 2009 in two important mangrove regions of Hormuzgan (Tyab and Khamir) to determine some ecological characteristics of inhabited mudskipper species. Results showed that nitrate levels are significantly different between tidal lines and seasons (P〈0.05). Maximum nitrite concentrations were recorded 53.2 and 92.5 µg/l in Khamir and Tyab respectively. The annual correlation matrix showed that a positive correlation between phosphate concentration and nitrite and silicate (P〈0.05). Silicate concentration was very high, because of too low density of diatoms and radiolarians. Some species of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and larvae of crustacea and echinoderms were observed with different density and diversity. Sediment composition of the studied areas were categorized in three classes (clay, sand and clay - sand). Polychaetes formed dominant group of benthic fauna in Tyab and Khamir areas. High density of capitellid worms was possibly related to some environmntal stress caused by activity of fishing and cargo vessels. It was not observed significant difference between fishes length in two areas (P〈0.05); Mean lengths of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 9.85, 14.7 and 11.5 cm respectively. Spawning period of each three species in both areas were obtained from late winter to late spring based on gonadosomatic index values. Male to female sex ratio of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 1:0.45, 1:0.41and 1:0.74 respectively. Absolute fecundity of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were estimated 3558 ± 2202, 3952 ± 1030 and 6742 ± 1939 respectively. P. waltoni feeds mainly on fiddler crab, S. tenuis uses crustaceans and gastropods and B. dussumieri has a vegetarian diet.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Mudskippers ; Ecology ; Periophthalmus waltoni ; Boleophthalmus dussumieri ; Scartelaos tenuis ; Female ; Male ; Benthic fauna
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25845 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:35:24 | 25845 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level length weight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Sajaphi ; Bahrekan ; Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 9
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    Reproduction biology of Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25270 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:54:06 | 25270 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling of Astacus leptodactylusc were conducted in order to determination of biometrical and biological parameters suchas length, weight, sex ratio, fecundity and natural reproduction time. Two transect were selected at 49 34 and 49 36 geographical position on east Caspian Sea near to Anzali city. Metallic folding trap with Silurus glanis as attractive diet were used to catch Astacus leptodactylusc at each line the traps were set on depth of 35, 45, 55 and 65 (5 trap at each depth). Random sampling from each depth on tow lin for one year were conducted and the biometry performed on catched Astacus leptodactylusc where their sext uality and their ration were determined for eacd month , season and whole year. Absolute fecundity determined by cooking Astacus leptodactylusc , taking out the ovary weighing and counting them .Working fecundity assesed by separating eggs from their swiming leges while enomerate all egg . Complete randomized test of ANOVA for analysing the data were employed. The results showed average length and welght were calculated 122/07±1/74mm and 57/96±1/81gr respectively. Average absolute fecundity was 310/22 ±10/72 eggs , average working fecundity was 251/84±8/84 eggs, Average ovary weight was determined 4.31±0.619 gr and average number of eggs in one gr was 74/52±1/53 eggs. The sextual ratio in all year long was 1:1.32. The reproduction season is about seven month from Feburary to July and the moulting of males occurs two times each year. One of time is at May and the other is in September. The female molt thtina as the male start for second time.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bandar Anzali ; Biology ; Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Silurus glanis ; ANOVA ; Female ; Male ; Coastal water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 10
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    Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25330 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:40:49 | 25330 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Fish ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Ship ; Acipenser percicus ; Bacteriology ; Parasitology ; Health management ; Diseases ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Sceria binopsulus ; Amphilina fuliacea ; Female ; Male
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 11
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    Effect of different heating treatments and kind of filling media on the amounts of some mineral elements (iron, zinc, copper, calcium and sodium) of silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) during canning (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25429 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:13 | 25429 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
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  • 12
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    Biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis in the Bahrekan waters (NW Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25182 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:06:03 | 25182 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis was studied during years 2006-07. The studied area restricted to the Bahrekan in Khouzestan province covering the depths of 2 up to 25m. The sampling methods were gillnet and bottom trawl. A total of 310 specimens collected, of which there wasn’t found any cuttlefish in the study area from July to October (5 months). The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory ashore for further biological measurements consist of: Mantle length, Body weight, sex determination. Gonado-Somatic Index, and determination of Spermatophoric Index, Spawning season, Food preference, Maturity stages and chemical analysis for food value determination. The results showed that the overall sex ratio is about M:F= 2:1 with percentage of 67.41% for males and 32.50% for females. Males are significantly bigger than females with average mantle length (ML) of 233.3 and 269.3 mm for female and male, respectively; with body weight of 1102.3 and 1450.6 g. The mantle length body weight relationship was found W=0.001 ML 2.540 (R2= 0.92) Female as: W= 0.0015 ML 4797 (R2= 0.93) male From point of feeding, the food preferences results indicated that fish is considered as main food, crabs as minor food and other marine organisms such as bivalvia and gastropods as random food. The highest vacuity Index (CV) and empty stomachs was determined for March-April and the lowest value was is December. Also, the maximum GSI was estimated for March-April months in which showing coherrances with the lowest food preference. The maximum spermatophoricfilaments were 856 and 45 for male pharaoh cuttlefish with mantle length of 300 and 185 mm, and on the other hand this values for fecundity were estimated 1589 and 53 for female specimens with 254 and 198 mm mantle length. The spawning season occurs in April- March in which accompany with migration of pharaoh cuttlefish towards shallow waters. The fishing season would be in this period in w.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bahrekan ; Sepia pharaonis ; Gillnet ; Sampling ; Specimens ; Weight ; Sex ; Gonado-somatic index ; Spawning ; Maturity ; Female ; Male ; Bivalvia ; Gastropods
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  • 13
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    The effect of thyroxine (T4) on prematurating in female, on survival percent, growth and development of egg and larval in rainbow trout, grass carp, silver carp and barbell of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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  • 14
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    Production of bio-compatible nanofiber from chitosan with electrospinning method for preservation and maintenance aquatic products (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25713 | 18721 | 2018-10-10 10:11:15 | 25713 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin nanofibers are prepared from the exoskeletons of shrimp by a simple mechanical treatment after a series of purification steps. The nanofibers have fine nanofibers networks with a uniform width of approximately 10 nm. Grinders and highpressure water jet systems are effective for disintegrating chitin into nanofibers. Acidic conditions are the key factor to facilitate mechanical fibrillation. Ultrafine fibers were successfully fabricated chitosan and fish skinextracted gelatin via electrospinning (ES). Important ES parameters, such as concentration of aqueous acid and fish gelatin solutions, and electric field intensity were examined to investigate the effects on the morphology of the gelatin nanofibers. Due to the poor mechanical properties of the fish gelatin membranes, composite nanofibers made of fish gelatin and poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) were produced with a novel solution. The introduction of PLLA remarkably improved the mechanical properties of the gelatin membranes. With a combination of good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, fish gelatin/PLGA blending non-woven mats are considered to be very promising in fish fillet coating application.. in this study, we fabricated a novel nanofibers composed of fish collagen (FC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) blends by using the electrospinning method. Nanofibers were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it was revealed that the diameter of nanofibers decreases as FC content was increased in the FC/PCL composite nanofibers. Several modifications to the chitin NF surface are achieved, including acetylation, deacetylation and maleylation. The results of this study revealed that: 1–It is possible to produce Nanofibers from chitosan and fish gelatin. 2– Covering and coating of processed fish by nanofibers are applicable and increasing the possibility of shell life for the processed fish. 3– Nanofibers which have been produced from chitosan and fish gelation not only is environmentally friendly but also it will be eatable while has been covered for fish fillets. biocompatible chitosan and gelatin made from fish, fresh fish fillets do not have the ability to cover and packaging, but is edible and used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Nanofiber ; Chemical modification ; Fish ; Aquatic ; Maintenance
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  • 15
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    Determination of sediment nutrients in the cage fish culture area (before breeding) of the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran coast-Kelarabad) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25755 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 06:22:22 | 25755 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine phosphorous and nitrogen species at the surface sediment in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Coast, Kelarabad). Surface sediments samples were collected at three stations from autumn of 2011 to winter of 2012. All samples were prepared by digesting and extracting processes and then phosphorous and nitrogen species concentrations determined using spectroscopy instrument. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Loosely-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP was obtained as 5.06±0.33, 55.11±2.52, 42.38±3.74, 102.52±5.68, 172.91±7.12, 275±9.12, 333.30±28.52 and 608±52 µg/g.dw, respectively. The results also showed that inorganic phophorous was less than organic phophorous during different seasons, however, mean percentage of residue-P containing organic compounds and non-degradable compounds was more than 50 percent. Percentage of Ca-P was higher than 60, whereas Bioava.-P was less than 40 percent. In addition, Fe-P and Loosely-P attained the maximum and minimum values, respectively, among the bioavailable phophorous. The order of different forms of phosphorous were recorded as Org-P〉Ca-P〉FeP〉Al-P〉Loosely-P. Annual mean of NH4/N, NO2/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed as 4.23±0.50, 0.06±0.01, 0.74±0.12, 5.02±0.53, 2.48±0.63 and 7.53±0.51 µg/g.dw, respectively. Annual percentage of TIN was two folds than TON and concentration of NH4/N was also four times than NO3/N. As a conclusion, the results revealed that main causes of Bioava.-P adsorption and desorption were temperature, Eh and pH. Also, the form of NH4+/N was of a high percentage because of anaerobic condition in the sediments. According to the high ratios of nitrogen/phosphorous of sediments to nitrogen and phosphorous of bottom water, it finds that released of those from the sediments to water will be happened with high rates. Therefore, it is expected that the establishment of fish farming cages should be carried out with more precautionary approaches which not leads to increased algae bloom.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Kelarabad ; Mazandaran coast ; Phophorous ; Nitrogen ; Surface sediment ; Determination ; Breeding
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  • 16
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    The feasibility commercialized study to produce vitamin and mineral premixes and binder from seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium for White leg shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25772 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:08:05 | 25772 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Seaweed belonged to baseborn marine plants with cell wall containing of valued polysaccharides such as Agar, Alginate, Limen sulfate and Carmine, used as food additives and in different industries. Base on previous studies, more than 1000 MT. of Sargassum seaweed withdraw from Oman Sea in Sistan and Baluchistan coastal line which can be collect, dried and powdered for using as supplement in shrimp feed. In this project, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from 6 coastal areas, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variety seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of white-leg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and iso-caloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed using winfeed software. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used for water stability and absorption capacity test of the pellets in sea water, statistically one way- ANOVA. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, for using Sargassum ilicifolium as vitamins and mineral premixes in white- leg shrimp feed, Zinc, Cobalt and Phenylalanine with dose of 1.1, 06.0 and 4.0 ml. 100% dried seaweed must be added respectively. The water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P〈0.05). Water absorption capacity of feeds after one hour immersion in seawater showed significance difference between D (110%) and three others, C(100%), B(85% and control(80%) (P〈0.05). As final aim of this project, enriched product of this seaweed as minerals and vitamins supplements were handsel joinery in the Second Medicine Plant Festival, 2016 and registered in recording organization to give the final certificate.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Mineral and vitamins supplements ; Natural binder ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Seaweed ; Vitamin ; White leg shrimp
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  • 17
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    Study of possibility of reproduction and mass culture of Nereis diversicolor (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25127 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:33:35 | 25127 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the year’s 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m^2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female: male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Anzali Lagoon ; Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
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  • 18
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    An investigation on all male production of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25356 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:09:43 | 25356 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17a methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios within all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings acquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male populations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yazd province ; Bafgh ; Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
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  • 19
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    Status of the tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) and jinga shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) stocks in Khouzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25404 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:28:18 | 25404 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Population dynamics parameters and exploitation ratio of Jinga Shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis were studied from Sep 2011 to Dec 2011 and data collected from two landing places (Hendijan and Lifee-Bosif). During the project, more than 2200 specimens of jinga shrimp were measured. The mean value of length for the male and female were calculated as 9.8±0.86, 10.24±1.18 and mean value of weight for the male and female was as 6.730±1.64, 8.14±2.90 respectively. The length-weight relation were calculated as TW=0.024TL2.24 (n=1084,R^2=0.71) for males, TW=0.011TL2.80 (n=1081,R^2= 0.81) for females also we found significant different level length-weight relation in P〈0.05. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were as, L_∞: 14.73 and K: 1.1 and t0: -0.02. The estimated valve of total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality and exploitation ratio is Z: 4.35, M: 1.68, F: 2.67, E: 0.61 respectively. By using method analyses knife-edge selection, relative yield per recruitment (Y'/R) :0.014, relative biomass per recruitment, (B'/R) :0.085., Exploitation ratio maximum sustainable yield, Emax : 0.38; biological reference points for Jinga Shrimp stock was calculated. MSY and fmsy value was 600T and 46100day respectively. Result in this study showed exploitation ratio Jinga Shrimp stock is over fishing and decreases exploitation ratio proposed.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Jinga Shrimp ; Population ; Dynamics ; Exploitation ; Tiger tooth Croaker ; Otolithes ruber ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Population ; Male ; Female ; Mortality ; Coastal waters
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  • 20
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    Study of some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in Iranian Coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25184 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:16:24 | 25184 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: During last 65 years the catch of mullets had increasing trends with some fluctuations in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .In this period about 138 thousand tons of mullets have been caught. Mullet’s account for 35% of total catch annually .In recent years species composition of mullets has chanched in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea and catch composition of golden grey mullet increased from 76% in 1995 to 98% in 2006. In this survey some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet have been studied in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .Fish samples have been gathered from commercial catch of beach seine cooperatives monthly in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea over 2006 and 2007. In the laboratory fishes have been measured biometrically and biological parameters have been calculated .Also catch statistics of mullets during 2006-2007 have been obtained and discussed. Results showed that the catch of mullets in beach seine cooperatives during 2006 and 2007 was 4181 and 3685 tons respectively that golden grey mullet contribute 99% and 98% of the catch composition of mullets respectively. Length range of golden grey mullet caught by beach seine cooperatives was 19-50.2 cm with mean length of 32.7 ± 6.4 (± SD) and weight range was 67-1475 gr with mean weight of 411 ± 255 gr. The age structure of this species was comprised 2-10 years old fish with mean age of 4.42 years old. In this survey totally the sex ratio of male: female of golden grey mullet was 356: 434 that was significant variation from equal sex ratio. Pick of the spawning in Guilan province was in October and in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces was in November. In October the proportion of spawning females declined from western area (Guilan province) towards eastern parts (Golestan province).The highest proportion of spawning females was in December in Golestan province. The highest GSI index value was observed in September and October and it was decreased in November and December and it was consistent during January till April. The mean absolute fecundity was 700881±429987 eggs with minimum and maximum fecundity of 200112 and 2282862 eggs respectively. The Lm 50% for female golden grey mullet was calculated as 33.6 cm.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Guilan province ; Golden grey mullet ; Liza aurata ; Species ; Survey ; Samples ; Male ; Female ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; GSI ; Fecundity ; Coastal waters
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  • 21
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    Artificial propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn form for restocking (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25202 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:22:51 | 25202 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, and lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren’t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 million fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali Lagoon ; Sefidrud River ; Artificial propagation ; Culture ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Kutum ; Bony Fish ; Fishery ; Spawning ; Biodiversity ; Aquaculture ; Brooders ; Fecundity ; Male ; Female ; Population
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    Study on the possibility of producing low-fat spread using gelatin extracted from cultured carp wastes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25580 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 10:35:48 | 25580 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: By-products consist of more than half of the total weight of fish. Most part of these wastes made from connective tissue proteins that provide good potential to produce gelatin. Nowadays, consumers are more health conscious and have responded to the call for a diet that contains low calorie and low fat. This work involved the characterization of a low-fat spread made of fish gelatin as gelling agent, emulsifier and fat replacer. Six treatments with Fish gelatin (FG) to pectin ratio 1:1 and 2:1, with pectin concentration of 1, 2 and 3%, were produced and evaluated for quality changes and storage-life at refrigerated storage. The results showed that prepared emulsions were physically stable and no phase separation observed during 8 wks. The pH of treatments was 4.5 to 4.9. The moisture content of treatments varied from 68.9% for T1 (FG/pectin ratio 1:1) to 65.4% for T6 (FG/pectin ratio 6:3). The Max. lipid of samples was measured 28.4%. Max. and min. protein of samples were 3.8% for T6 and 1.6% for T2 (FG/pectin ratio 2:1), respectively. No significant differences (p≥0.05) were observed between ash content of all treatments and control (commercial margarin). The acidity of treatments increased during storage and were significantly different from production day (p≤0.05). Peroxide value (PV) of treatments increased significantly at refrigerated storage. No significant differences were observed between PV of treatments during different wks of sampling. The results of texture profile analysis showed that firmness, compressibility and adhesiveness properties were significantly increase with higher substitution of FG with pectin. Color, Aroma, Taste and texture properties of prepared samples were found to significantly lower than control, according to sensory evaluation. Significant increases were observed in mold/yeast and psychrophilic count of treatments during storage. The macroscopic growth of molds was observed on all samples in 8th wks. No coliform growth was observed in all treatments at any time. Results suggest that low-fat spread properties were significantly influenced by different ratios of fish gelatin and pectin incorporated. It seems that these results can provide new opportunities to develop market with introducing novel products to response consumer demands. Some quality defects observed in this study can be improved by using suitable machinery at industrial scale.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Fish gelatin ; Low-fat spread ; Fish wastes ; Quality characterictics ; Texture profile ; Shelf-life ; Refrigerated temperature ; Cultured Carp ; Diet ; Lipid
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    Production of artificial diets and determination of their effects as alone and combination with natural wet diet on female western white shrimp broodstock maturation (Litopenaeus vannamei) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25801 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:37:23 | 25801 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Due to the usefulness of shrimp broodstock pelleted diets, from aspects of, easier maintenance, transportation, broodstock feeding, and cheaper as compared to natural wet diets, the use of natural wet foods, include sand worm (Perinereis nuntica), cattle fish )Sepia pharaonis) and veal livier decreased and the quantity of pelleted diet increased. Survey was conducted, in tankes with a volume of 300 liters. Tanks were filled with 150 liters of water. 10 broodstock in each tank was left, with an average weight of 37±2 grams. Daily feeding rate, was twenty-five percent of their biomass. The survey was include, 9 treatments with 3 replicates in each tank as described below. Control treatment: broodstock feeding only with, sand worm (33%), cattle fish (34%) and bull livier (33%). Exprimental treatment 1: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%)+veal livier (16%). Treatment 2: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%) and veal livier (16%). Treatment 3: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 4: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 5: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 6: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 7: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 8: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100%). The results showed that, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in treatments 3: control and 6, was significantly more than others treatments (p〈0.05). Hepatosomatic indexes, in often treatments was almost equal, and in some cases were significantly different (p〈0.05). In treatments 3 and control, absolute fecundity, was significantly more than others treatment (p〈0.05). The survival percent, in treatment 8 was significantly less than others treatments (p〈0.05). The survival percent in others treatments was not significantly difference (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean weight of broodstock, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean length of carapac, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean body length, wasn’t significant difference in often treatments (p〉0.05), and in treatments 5 and 6 was significantly less than others (p〈0.05). In the determination of relasheship between kind of treatments and abundance of maturated broodsock, wasn’t significantly difference (p〉0.05). In the determination of, correlation between weight (g) and total length(cm), (r=0.71), weight and carapace length (cm) (r=0.70), the correlation was strong. Between GSI, HIS, carapace length and total length the correlation was intermediate (r=0.54). The correlation between absolutely fecundity and total length (r=0.20), absolutely fecundity and carapace length (r=0.28), absolutely fecundity and weight (r=0.35) was weak. The results showed that, the use of combination of pelleted diet and natural wet diets can increase female maturation indexes. Totally we can noted that, GSI, HIS and absolute fecundity of broodstock, that fed with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %) (treatment 3) was better than the other treatments. Positive effects of this treatnent on sexual indexes, was due to provide part of nutritional requirement of shrimp broodstock from pelleted diet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Natural wet diet ; Pelleted diets ; Maturation ; Male ; Female ; Western white shrimp ; Artifitial diets ; Broodstock ; Litopenaeus vannamei
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    Psychology. Racial bias, unspoken but heard (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dovidio, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1641-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1184231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. john.dovidio@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Social Behavior ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Video games: a route to large-scale STEM education? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Video games have enormous mass appeal, reaching audiences in the hundreds of thousands to millions. They also embed many pedagogical practices known to be effective in other environments. This article reviews the sparse but encouraging data on learning outcomes for video games in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines, then reviews the infrastructural obstacles to wider adoption of this new medium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayo, Merrilea J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):79-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1166900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 4801 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. mmayo@kauffman.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Child ; *Educational Technology/economics/standards ; Engineering/*education ; Humans ; *Learning ; *Mathematical Concepts ; Problem Solving ; Science/*education ; *Video Games/economics/standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Synthesizing knowledge in the classroom (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Nina A -- Lo, Simon S -- Wang, Jian Z -- Yuh, William T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):334-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.334c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Medical, Graduate ; Humans ; Radiation Oncology/*education ; Teaching/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Epidemiology. Phone infections (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Havlin, Shlomo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1023-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1174658.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel. havlin@ophir.ph.biu.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Phones ; *Computer Security ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Chemical Society fall meeting, 16-20 August, Washington, D.C. Sugary Achilles' heel raises hope for broad-acting antiviral drugs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1200. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1200a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/metabolism/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Ebolavirus/drug effects ; HIV/drug effects ; Humans ; Lectins/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mannose/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Lectins ; SARS Virus/drug effects ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Viruses/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 29
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    The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: Sleep deprivation can impair human health and performance. Habitual total sleep time and homeostatic sleep response to sleep deprivation are quantitative traits in humans. Genetic loci for these traits have been identified in model organisms, but none of these potential animal models have a corresponding human genotype and phenotype. We have identified a mutation in a transcriptional repressor (hDEC2-P385R) that is associated with a human short sleep phenotype. Activity profiles and sleep recordings of transgenic mice carrying this mutation showed increased vigilance time and less sleep time than control mice in a zeitgeber time- and sleep deprivation-dependent manner. These mice represent a model of human sleep homeostasis that provides an opportunity to probe the effect of sleep on human physical and mental health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884988/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884988/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Ying -- Jones, Christopher R -- Fujiki, Nobuhiro -- Xu, Ying -- Guo, Bin -- Holder, Jimmy L Jr -- Rossner, Moritz J -- Nishino, Seiji -- Fu, Ying-Hui -- HL059596/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH074924/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059596/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059596-09/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):866-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1174443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, Mission Bay, 1550 Fourth Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activity Cycles/genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Child ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Sleep/*genetics/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep, REM/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Influenza: accounting for prior immunity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCaw, James M -- McVernon, Jodie -- McBryde, Emma S -- Mathews, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1071; author reply 1072-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1071a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Immunity ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A new wave of chemical regulations just ahead? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):692-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; *Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On becoming a scientist (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):916. doi: 10.1126/science.1184202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; Humans ; *Mentors ; *Research/education ; Research Personnel/*education ; Science/*education
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Immunology. Two-in-one designer antibodies (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parren, Paul W H I -- Burton, Dennis R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1567-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1172253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genmab, Yalelaan 60, 3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands. p.parren@genmab.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bispecific/chemistry/*immunology/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology ; Trastuzumab ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Local DNA topography correlates with functional noncoding regions of the human genome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: The three-dimensional molecular structure of DNA, specifically the shape of the backbone and grooves of genomic DNA, can be dramatically affected by nucleotide changes, which can cause differences in protein-binding affinity and phenotype. We developed an algorithm to measure constraint on the basis of similarity of DNA topography among multiple species, using hydroxyl radical cleavage patterns to interrogate the solvent-accessible surface area of DNA. This algorithm found that 12% of bases in the human genome are evolutionarily constrained-double the number detected by nucleotide sequence-based algorithms. Topography-informed constrained regions correlated with functional noncoding elements, including enhancers, better than did regions identified solely on the basis of nucleotide sequence. These results support the idea that the molecular shape of DNA is under selection and can identify evolutionary history.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749491/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749491/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, Stephen C J -- Hansen, Loren -- Abaan, Hatice Ozel -- Tullius, Thomas D -- Margulies, Elliott H -- R01 HG003541/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003541-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):389-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1169050. Epub 2009 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic
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    Behavior. Monkeys like mimics (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Call, Josep -- Carpenter, Malinda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):824-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1178714.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. call@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cebus/*psychology ; Humans ; *Imitative Behavior ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Human-specific gain of function in a developmental enhancer" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Prabhakar et al. (Reports, 5 September 2008, p. 1346) argued that the conserved noncoding sequence HACNS1 has undergone positive selection and contributed to human adaptation. However, the pattern of substitution in HACNS1 is more consistent with the neutral process of biased gene conversion (BGC). The reported human-specific gain of function is likely due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations driven by BGC, not positive selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duret, Laurent -- Galtier, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):714; author reply 714. doi: 10.1126/science.1165848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. duret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conserved Sequence ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Conversion ; Humans ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic
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    Climate change. Clean air for megacities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parrish, David D -- Zhu, Tong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):674-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. david.d.parrish@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollution/adverse effects ; *Cities ; *Climate Change ; Humans ; Particulate Matter ; Population Density
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The art of translation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):205. doi: 10.1126/science.1182658.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Clinical Medicine ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Periodicals as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Restoration of ecosystem services for environmental markets (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Ecological restoration is an activity that ideally results in the return of an ecosystem to an undisturbed state. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans derive from ecosystems. The two have been joined to support growing environmental markets with the goal of creating restoration-based credits that can be bought and sold. However, the allure of these markets may be overshadowing shortcomings in the science and practice of ecological restoration. Before making risky investments, we must understand why and when restoration efforts fall short of recovering the full suite of ecosystem services, what can be done to improve restoration success, and why direct measurement of the biophysical processes that support ecosystem services is the only way to guarantee the future success of these markets. Without new science and an oversight framework to protect the ecosystem service assets which people depend, markets could actually accelerate environmental degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret A -- Filoso, Solange -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):575-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Biophysical Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Online education today (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Online education is established, growing, and here to stay. It is creating new opportunities for students and also for faculty, regulators of education, and the educational institutions themselves. Much of what is being learned by the practitioners will flow into the large numbers of blended courses that will be developed and delivered on most campuses. Some of what is being learned will certainly improve pedagogical approaches and possibly affect other important problems, such as the lengthening time to completion of a degree. Online education is already providing better access to education for many, and many more will benefit from this increased access in the coming years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayadas, A Frank -- Bourne, John -- Bacsich, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1168874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10111, USA. mayadas@sloan.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer-Assisted Instruction/economics ; *Education, Distance/economics ; Faculty ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Internet ; Online Systems ; State Government ; Students ; Training Support ; United States ; *Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Redefining cancer research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1319. doi: 10.1126/science.1181224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Biomedical Research ; DNA Repair ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Log or linear? Distinct intuitions of the number scale in Western and Amazonian indigene cultures" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Dehaene et al. (Reports, 30 May 2008, p. 1217) argued that native speakers of Mundurucu, a language without a linguistic numerical system, inherently represent numerical values as a logarithmically spaced spatial continuum. However, their data do not rule out the alternative conclusion that Mundurucu speakers encode numbers linearly with scalar variability and psychologically construct space-number mappings by analogy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3393850/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3393850/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantlon, Jessica F -- Cordes, Sara -- Libertus, Melissa E -- Brannon, Elizabeth M -- R37 HD023103/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):38; author reply 38. doi: 10.1126/science.1164773.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. jfc2@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Intuition ; *Language ; *Mathematical Concepts
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    Influenza: H1N1 goes to school (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paterson, Bev -- Durrheim, David N -- Tuyl, Frank -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1071-2; author reply 1072-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1071b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*transmission ; *Schools ; United States/epidemiology
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    Haploid genetic screens in human cells identify host factors used by pathogens (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Loss-of-function genetic screens in model organisms have elucidated numerous biological processes, but the diploid genome of mammalian cells has precluded large-scale gene disruption. We used insertional mutagenesis to develop a screening method to generate null alleles in a human cell line haploid for all chromosomes except chromosome 8. Using this approach, we identified host factors essential for infection with influenza and genes encoding important elements of the biosynthetic pathway of diphthamide, which are required for the cytotoxic effects of diphtheria toxin and exotoxin A. We also identified genes needed for the action of cytolethal distending toxin, including a cell-surface protein that interacts with the toxin. This approach has both conceptual and practical parallels with genetic approaches in haploid yeast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carette, Jan E -- Guimaraes, Carla P -- Varadarajan, Malini -- Park, Annie S -- Wuethrich, Irene -- Godarova, Alzbeta -- Kotecki, Maciej -- Cochran, Brent H -- Spooner, Eric -- Ploegh, Hidde L -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1231-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1178955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP Ribose Transferases/metabolism/toxicity ; Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism/toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/*metabolism/toxicity ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diphtheria Toxin/metabolism/toxicity ; Exotoxins/metabolism/toxicity ; Genes ; *Genetic Testing ; *Haploidy ; Histidine/analogs & derivatives/biosynthesis ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*pathogenicity ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Peptide Elongation Factor 2/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/metabolism/toxicity
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    Polymorphic butterfly reveals the missing link in ecological speciation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Ecological speciation occurs when ecologically based, divergent selection causes the evolution of reproductive isolation. There are many empirical examples of this process; however, there exists a poorly characterized stage during which the traits that distinguish species ecologically and reproductively segregate in a single population. By using a combination of genetic mapping, mate-choice experiments, field observations, and population genetics, we studied a butterfly population with a mimetic wing color polymorphism and found that the butterflies exhibited partial, color-based, assortative mate preference. These traits represent the divergent, ecologically based signal and preference components of sexual isolation that usually distinguish incipient and sibling species. The association between behavior and recognition trait in a single population may enhance the probability of speciation and provides an example of the missing link between an interbreeding population and isolated species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Nicola L -- Hill, Ryan I -- Kapan, Durrell D -- Gilbert, Lawrence E -- Kronforst, Marcus R -- GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):847-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1179141.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; Animals ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Color ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; *Pigmentation/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology
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    Flexible learning of multiple speech structures in bilingual infants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: Children acquire their native language according to a well-defined time frame. Surprisingly, although children raised in bilingual environments have to learn roughly twice as much about language as their monolingual peers, the speed of acquisition is comparable in monolinguals and bilinguals. Here, we show that preverbal 12-month-old bilingual infants have become more flexible at learning speech structures than monolinguals. When given the opportunity to simultaneously learn two different regularities, bilingual infants learned both, whereas monolinguals learned only one of them. Hence, bilinguals may acquire two languages in the time in which monolinguals acquire one because they quickly become more flexible learners.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovacs, Agnes Melinda -- Mehler, Jacques -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):611-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1173947. Epub 2009 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati-SISSA, Via Beirut 4, 34014 Trieste, Italy. agneskovacs@mtapi.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Child Language ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; *Learning ; Male ; *Multilingualism ; *Speech Perception
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    Infectious diseases. Farm fungicides linked to resistance in a human pathogen (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1173. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agrochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Aspergillosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Aspergillus fumigatus/*drug effects/genetics ; Azoles/chemistry/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; *Drug Resistance, Fungal ; Europe ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Fungicides, Industrial/chemistry/pharmacology ; Humans ; Point Mutation ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
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    Mozambican grass seed consumption during the Middle Stone Age (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: The role of starchy plants in early hominin diets and when the culinary processing of starches began have been difficult to track archaeologically. Seed collecting is conventionally perceived to have been an irrelevant activity among the Pleistocene foragers of southern Africa, on the grounds of both technological difficulty in the processing of grains and the belief that roots, fruits, and nuts, not cereals, were the basis for subsistence for the past 100,000 years and further back in time. A large assemblage of starch granules has been retrieved from the surfaces of Middle Stone Age stone tools from Mozambique, showing that early Homo sapiens relied on grass seeds starting at least 105,000 years ago, including those of sorghum grasses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercader, Julio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1680-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1173966.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Diet ; Edible Grain/*history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Mozambique ; *Poaceae ; *Seeds ; *Sorghum ; Starch
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    Orc1 controls centriole and centrosome copy number in human cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Centrosomes, each containing a pair of centrioles, organize microtubules in animal cells, particularly during mitosis. DNA and centrosomes are normally duplicated once before cell division to maintain optimal genome integrity. We report a new role for the Orc1 protein, a subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that is a key component of the DNA replication licensing machinery, in controlling centriole and centrosome copy number in human cells, independent of its role in DNA replication. Cyclin A promotes Orc1 localization to centrosomes where Orc1 prevents Cyclin E-dependent reduplication of both centrioles and centrosomes in a single cell division cycle. The data suggest that Orc1 is a regulator of centriole and centrosome reduplication as well as the initiation of DNA replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653626/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653626/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hemerly, Adriana S -- Prasanth, Supriya G -- Siddiqui, Khalid -- Stillman, Bruce -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-310025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-36/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-370025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):789-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1166745.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor 11724, NY, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Centrioles/*physiology ; Centrosome/*physiology ; Cyclin A/metabolism ; Cyclin E/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Origin Recognition Complex/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection
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    Recruitment of an area involved in eye movements during mental arithmetic (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Throughout the history of mathematics, concepts of number and space have been tightly intertwined. We tested the hypothesis that cortical circuits for spatial attention contribute to mental arithmetic in humans. We trained a multivariate classifier algorithm to infer the direction of an eye movement, left or right, from the brain activation measured in the posterior parietal cortex. Without further training, the classifier then generalized to an arithmetic task. Its left versus right classification could be used to sort out subtraction versus addition trials, whether performed with symbols or with sets of dots. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that mental arithmetic co-opts parietal circuitry associated with spatial coding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knops, Andre -- Thirion, Bertrand -- Hubbard, Edward M -- Michel, Vincent -- Dehaene, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1583-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171599. Epub 2009 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. knops.andre@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Recruitment, Neurophysiological
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    Platelets kill intraerythrocytic malarial parasites and mediate survival to infection (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of malarial infections by encouraging the sequestration of infected red blood cells within the cerebral vasculature. But platelets also have well-established roles in innate protection against microbial infections. We found that purified human platelets killed Plasmodium falciparum parasites cultured in red blood cells. Inhibition of platelet function by aspirin and other platelet inhibitors abrogated the lethal effect human platelets exert on P. falciparum parasites. Likewise, platelet-deficient and aspirin-treated mice were more susceptible to death during erythrocytic infection with Plasmodium chabaudi. Both mouse and human platelets bind malarial-infected red cells and kill the parasite within. These results indicate a protective function for platelets in the early stages of erythrocytic infection distinct from their role in cerebral malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMorran, Brendan J -- Marshall, Vikki M -- de Graaf, Carolyn -- Drysdale, Karen E -- Shabbar, Meriam -- Smyth, Gordon K -- Corbin, Jason E -- Alexander, Warren S -- Foote, Simon J -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):797-800. doi: 10.1126/science.1166296.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. brendan.mcmorran@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Aspirin/pharmacology ; Blood Platelets/metabolism/*physiology ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Malaria/*blood/immunology/*parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Plasmodium chabaudi/*growth & development ; Plasmodium falciparum/*growth & development ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Platelet Count ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1 ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin/genetics
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    Diplomacy. U.S. takes steps to use science to improve ties to Muslim world (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):920-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Islam ; Middle East ; *Science ; United States
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    Paleontology. Fire and stone (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webb, John -- Domanski, Marian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):820-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1178014.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Geoscience, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia. John.Webb@latrobe.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Fires ; History, Ancient ; *Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Paleontology ; South Africa ; Technology/*history
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    Scientific publishing. Paper retracted following genome data breach (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1486-7. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1486a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Databases, Genetic ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Publishing/*standards ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Substance-Related Disorders/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; United States
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    Out with the old, in with the new? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, Roger -- G0300723/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1617. doi: 10.1126/science.1177267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/ethics ; Embryo Research/*economics/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Certificates should be retired (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermos, John A -- Spiro, Avron 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1288-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5919.1288c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Confidentiality/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disclosure/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Subjects/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    U.S. higher education. Minority retention rates in science are sore spot for most universities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1386-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; California ; Humans ; Maryland ; Mentors ; Minority Groups/*education ; Program Evaluation ; Science/*education ; *Students ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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    Epidemiology. Does viral diversity matter? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medley, Graham F -- Nokes, D James -- 061584/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076278/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):274-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1177475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. graham.medley@warwick.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigenic Variation ; Birth Rate ; Child ; Developing Countries ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Endemic Diseases ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Mass Vaccination ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/prevention & ; control/virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics/immunology ; Rotavirus/*genetics/immunology ; Rotavirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control/*virology ; *Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
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    Motile cilia of human airway epithelia are chemosensory (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: Cilia are microscopic projections that extend from eukaryotic cells. There are two general types of cilia; primary cilia serve as sensory organelles, whereas motile cilia exert mechanical force. The motile cilia emerging from human airway epithelial cells propel harmful inhaled material out of the lung. We found that these cells express sensory bitter taste receptors, which localized on motile cilia. Bitter compounds increased the intracellular calcium ion concentration and stimulated ciliary beat frequency. Thus, airway epithelia contain a cell-autonomous system in which motile cilia both sense noxious substances entering airways and initiate a defensive mechanical mechanism to eliminate the offending compound. Hence, like primary cilia, classical motile cilia also contain sensors to detect the external environment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Alok S -- Ben-Shahar, Yehuda -- Moninger, Thomas O -- Kline, Joel N -- Welsh, Michael J -- DK54759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL51670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL051670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL051670-15/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759-109004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759-13/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK051315/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1131-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1173869. Epub 2009 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bronchi/cytology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cilia/metabolism/*physiology ; Epithelial Cells/*metabolism ; Humans ; Monoterpenes/metabolism/pharmacology ; Movement ; Noxae ; Phospholipase C beta/metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/cytology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Taste ; Trachea/cytology ; Transducin/metabolism
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    Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with a lentiviral vector in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a severe brain demyelinating disease in boys that is caused by a deficiency in ALD protein, an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCD1 gene. ALD progression can be halted by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We initiated a gene therapy trial in two ALD patients for whom there were no matched donors. Autologous CD34+ cells were removed from the patients, genetically corrected ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding wild-type ABCD1, and then re-infused into the patients after they had received myeloablative treatment. Over a span of 24 to 30 months of follow-up, we detected polyclonal reconstitution, with 9 to 14% of granulocytes, monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes expressing the ALD protein. These results strongly suggest that hematopoietic stem cells were transduced in the patients. Beginning 14 to 16 months after infusion of the genetically corrected cells, progressive cerebral demyelination in the two patients stopped, a clinical outcome comparable to that achieved by allogeneic HCT. Thus, lentiviral-mediated gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells can provide clinical benefits in ALD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartier, Nathalie -- Hacein-Bey-Abina, Salima -- Bartholomae, Cynthia C -- Veres, Gabor -- Schmidt, Manfred -- Kutschera, Ina -- Vidaud, Michel -- Abel, Ulrich -- Dal-Cortivo, Liliane -- Caccavelli, Laure -- Mahlaoui, Nizar -- Kiermer, Veronique -- Mittelstaedt, Denice -- Bellesme, Celine -- Lahlou, Najiba -- Lefrere, Francois -- Blanche, Stephane -- Audit, Muriel -- Payen, Emmanuel -- Leboulch, Philippe -- l'Homme, Bruno -- Bougneres, Pierre -- Von Kalle, Christof -- Fischer, Alain -- Cavazzana-Calvo, Marina -- Aubourg, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):818-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1171242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM UMR745, University Paris-Descartes, 75279 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics ; Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Child ; Disease Progression ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Hematopoiesis ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology/virology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia/cytology/metabolism ; Myeloablative Agonists/therapeutic use ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Virus Integration
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    Direct evidence for spinal cord involvement in placebo analgesia (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: Placebo analgesia is a prime example of the impact that psychological factors have on pain perception. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human spinal cord to test the hypothesis that placebo analgesia results in a reduction of nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. In line with behavioral data that show decreased pain responses under placebo, pain-related activity in the spinal cord is strongly reduced under placebo. These results provide direct evidence for spinal inhibition as one mechanism of placebo analgesia and highlight that psychological factors can act on the earliest stages of pain processing in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eippert, Falk -- Finsterbusch, Jurgen -- Bingel, Ulrike -- Buchel, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):404. doi: 10.1126/science.1180142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. f.eippert@uke.uni-hamburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Analgesia/*psychology ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lidocaine/therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain/drug therapy/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/*therapeutic use ; Posterior Horn Cells/physiology ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Young Adult
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    Biomedical research. Researchers generally happy with final stem cell rules (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):131. doi: 10.1126/science.325_131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Registries ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Profile: Ruth Ley. Gut reactions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Diet ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Ecology/history ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Metagenome ; *Microbiology/history ; United States
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    Education. Science needs kids with vision (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1190-1. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1190b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Aptitude Tests ; Child ; *Child, Gifted ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Optimizing influenza vaccine distribution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: The criteria to assess public health policies are fundamental to policy optimization. Using a model parametrized with survey-based contact data and mortality data from influenza pandemics, we determined optimal vaccine allocation for five outcome measures: deaths, infections, years of life lost, contingent valuation, and economic costs. We find that optimal vaccination is achieved by prioritization of schoolchildren and adults aged 30 to 39 years. Schoolchildren are most responsible for transmission, and their parents serve as bridges to the rest of the population. Our results indicate that consideration of age-specific transmission dynamics is paramount to the optimal allocation of influenza vaccines. We also found that previous and new recommendations from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention both for the novel swine-origin influenza and, particularly, for seasonal influenza, are suboptimal for all outcome measures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medlock, Jan -- Galvani, Alison P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1705-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175570. Epub 2009 Aug 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA. medlock@clemson.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Health Policy ; Humans ; *Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology ; *Influenza A virus/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/mortality/*prevention & control/transmission ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protecting the herd from H1N1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenberg, Joseph N S -- Aiello, Allison E -- Spicknall, Ian H -- Monto, Arnold S -- Reingold, Arthur -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):934; author reply 934. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.934-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; *Immunity, Herd ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Influenza, Human/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Mass Vaccination ; Risk ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structure of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome interacting with a mitotic checkpoint complex (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: Once all chromosomes are connected to the mitotic spindle (bioriented), anaphase is initiated by the protein ubiquitylation activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and its coactivator Cdc20 (APC/C(Cdc20)). Before chromosome biorientation, anaphase is delayed by a mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) that inhibits APC/C(Cdc20). We used single-particle electron microscopy to obtain three-dimensional models of human APC/C in various functional states: bound to MCC, to Cdc20, or to neither (apo-APC/C). These experiments revealed that MCC associates with the Cdc20 binding site on APC/C, locks the otherwise flexible APC/C in a "closed" state, and prevents binding and ubiquitylation of a wide range of different APC/C substrates. These observations clarify the structural basis for the inhibition of APC/C by spindle checkpoint proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989460/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989460/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herzog, Franz -- Primorac, Ivana -- Dube, Prakash -- Lenart, Peter -- Sander, Bjorn -- Mechtler, Karl -- Stark, Holger -- Peters, Jan-Michael -- F 3407/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1477-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1163300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Cdc20 Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Mitosis ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mayas live on (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pena-Castro, Julian M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):536. doi: 10.1126/science.325_536a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Culture ; Humans ; *Indians, Central American
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drug resistance. A 'wimpy' flu strain mysteriously turns scary (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1162-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Viral ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*drug effects/genetics ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/virology ; *Mutation ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics ; Oseltamivir/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    High-throughput sequencing of the zebrafish antibody repertoire (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Despite tremendous progress in understanding the nature of the immune system, the full diversity of an organism's antibody repertoire is unknown. We used high-throughput sequencing of the variable domain of the antibody heavy chain from 14 zebrafish to analyze VDJ usage and antibody sequence. Zebrafish were found to use between 50 and 86% of all possible VDJ combinations and shared a similar frequency distribution, with some correlation of VDJ patterns between individuals. Zebrafish antibodies retained a few thousand unique heavy chains that also exhibited a shared frequency distribution. We found evidence of convergence, in which different individuals made the same antibody. This approach provides insight into the breadth of the expressed antibody repertoire and immunological diversity at the level of an individual organism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086368/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086368/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, Joshua A -- Jiang, Ning -- White, Richard A 3rd -- Fisher, Daniel S -- Quake, Stephen R -- DP1 OD000251/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-04/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-06/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):807-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1170020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/genetics ; Antibody Diversity ; Base Sequence ; Complementarity Determining Regions/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin M/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; VDJ Exons ; Zebrafish/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Predicting elections: child's play! (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: In two experiments, children and adults rated pairs of faces from election races. Naive adults judged a pair on competence; after playing a game, children chose who they would prefer to be captain of their boat. Children's (as well as adults') preferences accurately predicted actual election outcomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antonakis, John -- Dalgas, Olaf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1183. doi: 10.1126/science.1167748.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. john.antonakis@unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Choice Behavior ; *Face ; Female ; Forecasting ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physiognomy ; *Politics ; Probability ; Regression Analysis ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical research. Hughes backs institute at epicenter of HIV and resistant TB (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1659. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics ; *HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology/immunology ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects/pathogenicity ; Research Support as Topic ; South Africa/epidemiology ; *Tuberculosis, ; Multidrug-Resistant/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global health. Some neglected diseases are more neglected than others (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):700. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5915.700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Financing, Government ; *Global Health ; Humans ; *Infection/epidemiology ; *Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Compared with more explicit racial slurs and statements, biased facial expressions and body language may resist conscious identification and thus produce a hidden social influence. In four studies, we show that race biases can be subtly transmitted via televised nonverbal behavior. Characters on 11 popular television shows exhibited more negative nonverbal behavior toward black than toward status-matched white characters. Critically, exposure to prowhite (versus problack) nonverbal bias increased viewers' bias even though patterns of nonverbal behavior could not be consciously reported. These findings suggest that hidden patterns of televised nonverbal behavior influence bias among viewers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisbuch, Max -- Pauker, Kristin -- Ambady, Nalini -- F32 MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA. max.weisbuch@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Television ; United States
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    Evolutionary medicine. Darwin applies to medical school (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):162-3. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5924.162a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asthma/etiology/genetics/immunology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Curriculum ; Disease Susceptibility ; Drug Resistance ; *Education, Medical ; Endemic Diseases ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin E/immunology ; Malaria/epidemiology/immunology ; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Public health. International groups battle cholera in Zimbabwe (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):860-1. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5916.860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholera/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Internationality ; *Public Health ; Public Health Administration ; World Health Organization ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
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    Developing psychomotor skills the Wii way (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Ciaran Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1169. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1169a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Motor Skills ; *Psychomotor Performance ; *Video Games
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    DICER1 mutations in familial pleuropulmonary blastoma (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric lung tumor that is often part of an inherited cancer syndrome. PPBs consist of mesenchymal cells that are susceptible to malignant transformation and cysts lined by epithelial cells. In a subset of patients, overgrowth of the cysts by mesenchymal cells leads to sarcoma formation. Here, we show that 11 multiplex PPB families harbor heterozygous germline mutations in DICER1, a gene encoding an endoribonuclease critical to the generation of small noncoding regulatory RNAs. Expression of DICER1 protein was undetectable in the epithelial component of PPB tumors but was retained in the malignant mesenchyme (sarcoma). We hypothesize that loss of DICER1 in the epithelium of the developing lung alters the regulation of diffusible factors that promote mesenchymal proliferation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098036/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098036/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, D Ashley -- Ivanovich, Jennifer -- Priest, John R -- Gurnett, Christina A -- Dehner, Louis P -- Desruisseau, David -- Jarzembowski, Jason A -- Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Kathryn A -- Suarez, Brian K -- Whelan, Alison J -- Williams, Gretchen -- Bracamontes, Dawn -- Messinger, Yoav -- Goodfellow, Paul J -- P30 CA091842/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA091842-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA091842-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA143167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109265/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):965. doi: 10.1126/science.1174334. Epub 2009 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. dashill@cnmc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry/*genetics ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Male ; Pedigree ; Pulmonary Blastoma/enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Ribonuclease III/chemistry/*genetics
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    Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Existing research reports inconsistent findings with regard to the effect of color on cognitive task performances. Some research suggests that blue or green leads to better performances than red; other studies record the opposite. Current work reconciles this discrepancy. We demonstrate that red (versus blue) color induces primarily an avoidance (versus approach) motivation (study 1, n = 69) and that red enhances performance on a detail-oriented task, whereas blue enhances performance on a creative task (studies 2 and 3, n = 208 and 118). Further, we replicate these results in the domains of product design (study 4, n = 42) and persuasive message evaluation (study 5, n = 161) and show that these effects occur outside of individuals' consciousness (study 6, n = 68). We also provide process evidence suggesting that the activation of alternative motivations mediates the effect of color on cognitive task performances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehta, Ravi -- Zhu, Rui Juliet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1226-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1169144. Epub 2009 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Cognition ; *Color ; Creativity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Mental Recall ; Motivation ; *Task Performance and Analysis ; Young Adult
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    Adding a T to the three R's. Education & technology. Introduction (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hines, Pamela J -- Jasny, Barbara R -- Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):53. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.53a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education/methods ; *Educational Technology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Teaching Materials
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Population structure mediates sexual conflict in water striders (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Sexual conflict occurs when males and females act against each others' interest, typically resulting in selection favoring harmful males. We performed laboratory experiments on sexual conflict that both confined individuals in isolated groups, which prevents selection acting counter to this conflict, and provided more naturalistic multigroup population structures. We show that in water striders, aggressive male mating behavior was strongly favored within groups but not favored in a multigroup population when individuals can freely disperse among groups. These observations explain the persistence of less-aggressive males within natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eldakar, Omar Tonsi -- Dlugos, Michael J -- Pepper, John W -- Wilson, David Sloan -- 5 K12 GM000708/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K12 GM000708/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):816. doi: 10.1126/science.1180183.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Female ; Heteroptera/*physiology ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Population Dynamics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Understanding the spreading patterns of mobile phone viruses (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: We modeled the mobility of mobile phone users in order to study the fundamental spreading patterns that characterize a mobile virus outbreak. We find that although Bluetooth viruses can reach all susceptible handsets with time, they spread slowly because of human mobility, offering ample opportunities to deploy antiviral software. In contrast, viruses using multimedia messaging services could infect all users in hours, but currently a phase transition on the underlying call graph limits them to only a small fraction of the susceptible users. These results explain the lack of a major mobile virus breakout so far and predict that once a mobile operating system's market share reaches the phase transition point, viruses will pose a serious threat to mobile communications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Pu -- Gonzalez, Marta C -- Hidalgo, Cesar A -- Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1071-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1167053. Epub 2009 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Complex Network Research, Departments of Physics, Biology, and Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Phones ; *Computer Security ; Humans ; Time Factors
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    Harmonic convergence in the love songs of the dengue vector mosquito (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: The familiar buzz of flying mosquitoes is an important mating signal, with the fundamental frequency of the female's flight tone signaling her presence. In the yellow fever and dengue vector Aedes aegypti, both sexes interact acoustically by shifting their flight tones to match, resulting in a courtship duet. Matching is made not at the fundamental frequency of 400 hertz (female) or 600 hertz (male) but at a shared harmonic of 1200 hertz, which exceeds the previously known upper limit of hearing in mosquitoes. Physiological recordings from Johnston's organ (the mosquito's "ear") reveal sensitivity up to 2000 hertz, consistent with our observed courtship behavior. These findings revise widely accepted limits of acoustic behavior in mosquitoes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847473/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847473/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cator, Lauren J -- Arthur, Ben J -- Harrington, Laura C -- Hoy, Ronald R -- R01 DC000103/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000103-34/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1077-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166541. Epub 2009 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*physiology ; *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; Dengue/transmission ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Hearing ; Insect Vectors/*physiology ; Male ; Pitch Perception ; Sense Organs/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Wings, Animal/physiology
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    Pulsatile stimulation determines timing and specificity of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. NF-kappaB activation results in oscillations in nuclear NF-kappaB abundance. To define the function of these oscillations, we treated cells with repeated short pulses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at various intervals to mimic pulsatile inflammatory signals. At all pulse intervals that were analyzed, we observed synchronous cycles of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Lower frequency stimulations gave repeated full-amplitude translocations, whereas higher frequency pulses gave reduced translocation, indicating a failure to reset. Deterministic and stochastic mathematical models predicted how negative feedback loops regulate both the resetting of the system and cellular heterogeneity. Altering the stimulation intervals gave different patterns of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, which supports the idea that oscillation frequency has a functional role.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashall, Louise -- Horton, Caroline A -- Nelson, David E -- Paszek, Pawel -- Harper, Claire V -- Sillitoe, Kate -- Ryan, Sheila -- Spiller, David G -- Unitt, John F -- Broomhead, David S -- Kell, Douglas B -- Rand, David A -- See, Violaine -- White, Michael R H -- BB/C007158/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C008219/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C520471/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/D010748/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E004210/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E012965/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F005938/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0071581/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0082191/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC5204711/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBD0107481/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBF0059381/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346(73596)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):242-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Imaging, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; Transcription Factor RelA/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Synchronous hyperactivity and intercellular calcium waves in astrocytes in Alzheimer mice (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Although senile plaques focally disrupt neuronal health, the functional response of astrocytes to Alzheimer's disease pathology is unknown. Using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in vivo, we quantitatively imaged astrocytic calcium homeostasis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Resting calcium was globally elevated in the astrocytic network, but was independent of proximity to individual plaques. Time-lapse imaging revealed that calcium transients in astrocytes were more frequent, synchronously coordinated across long distances, and uncoupled from neuronal activity. Furthermore, rare intercellular calcium waves were observed, but only in mice with amyloid-beta plaques, originating near plaques and spreading radially at least 200 micrometers. Thus, although neurotoxicity is observed near amyloid-beta deposits, there exists a more general astrocyte-based network response to focal pathology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuchibhotla, Kishore V -- Lattarulo, Carli R -- Hyman, Bradley T -- Bacskai, Brian J -- EB000768/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- F31 NS058075-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS580752/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG008487/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG008487-19/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000768/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000768-08/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR025645/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1211-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1169096.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology/Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/pathology/*physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis ; Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism/pathology/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Disease Models, Animal ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton ; Neurons/pathology/physiology ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology
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    Cognitive science. Twins may think alike too, MRI brain study suggests (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1658. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1658a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; *Genes ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Siblings ; *Thinking ; Twin Studies as Topic ; *Twins, Monozygotic
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    Linguistics. How many languages? Linguists discover new tongues in China (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erard, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):332-3. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.332a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; *Language ; *Linguistics ; Minority Groups
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    DNA binding site sequence directs glucocorticoid receptor structure and activity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Genes are not simply turned on or off, but instead their expression is fine-tuned to meet the needs of a cell. How genes are modulated so precisely is not well understood. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates target genes by associating with specific DNA binding sites, the sequences of which differ between genes. Traditionally, these binding sites have been viewed only as docking sites. Using structural, biochemical, and cell-based assays, we show that GR binding sequences, differing by as little as a single base pair, differentially affect GR conformation and regulatory activity. We therefore propose that DNA is a sequence-specific allosteric ligand of GR that tailors the activity of the receptor toward specific target genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meijsing, Sebastiaan H -- Pufall, Miles A -- So, Alex Y -- Bates, Darren L -- Chen, Lin -- Yamamoto, Keith R -- GM08537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535-31/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):407-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1164265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
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    Stress-inducible regulation of heat shock factor 1 by the deacetylase SIRT1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for protecting cells from protein-damaging stress associated with misfolded proteins and regulates the insulin-signaling pathway and aging. Here, we show that human HSF1 is inducibly acetylated at a critical residue that negatively regulates DNA binding activity. Activation of the deacetylase and longevity factor SIRT1 prolonged HSF1 binding to the heat shock promoter Hsp70 by maintaining HSF1 in a deacetylated, DNA-binding competent state. Conversely, down-regulation of SIRT1 accelerated the attenuation of the heat shock response (HSR) and release of HSF1 from its cognate promoter elements. These results provide a mechanistic basis for the requirement of HSF1 in the regulation of life span and establish a role for SIRT1 in protein homeostasis and the HSR.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429349/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429349/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westerheide, Sandy D -- Anckar, Julius -- Stevens, Stanley M Jr -- Sistonen, Lea -- Morimoto, Richard I -- R01 AG026647/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038109/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1063-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1165946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Stress, Psychological ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elser, James J -- Andersen, Tom -- Baron, Jill S -- Bergstrom, Ann-Kristin -- Jansson, Mats -- Kyle, Marcia -- Nydick, Koren R -- Steger, Laura -- Hessen, Dag O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):835-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1176199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. j.elser@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Colorado ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Norway ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology ; Sweden ; Trees
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    Neural mechanisms of a genome-wide supported psychosis variant (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating, highly heritable brain disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, the first common genetic variant associated on a genome-wide level with schizophrenia and possibly bipolar disorder was discovered in ZNF804A (rs1344706). We show, by using an imaging genetics approach, that healthy carriers of rs1344706 risk genotypes exhibit no changes in regional activity but pronounced gene dosage-dependent alterations in functional coupling (correlated activity) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) across hemispheres and with hippocampus, mirroring findings in patients, and abnormal coupling of amygdala. Our findings establish disturbed connectivity as a neurogenetic risk mechanism for psychosis supported by genome-wide association, show that rs1344706 or variation in linkage disequilibrium is functional in human brain, and validate the intermediate phenotype strategy in psychiatry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esslinger, Christine -- Walter, Henrik -- Kirsch, Peter -- Erk, Susanne -- Schnell, Knut -- Arnold, Claudia -- Haddad, Leila -- Mier, Daniela -- Opitz von Boberfeld, Carola -- Raab, Kyeon -- Witt, Stephanie H -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Cichon, Sven -- Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):605. doi: 10.1126/science.1167768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Affective Symptoms/genetics/physiopathology ; Bipolar Disorder/genetics/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Demography. Chinese men: a rising tide of troublemakers? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1166. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Crime ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Marriage ; *Sex Ratio ; *Social Problems
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Biomedical research. A first step in relaxing restrictions on stem cell research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1412-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5920.1412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Evolution of the monkey crouch (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, Edward A -- Blumberg, Mark S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):812. doi: 10.1126/science.325_812a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Horses/*physiology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; *Posture ; Sports/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Reversal of RNA dominance by displacement of protein sequestered on triplet repeat RNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: Genomic expansions of simple tandem repeats can give rise to toxic RNAs that contain expanded repeats. In myotonic dystrophy, the expression of expanded CUG repeats (CUGexp) causes abnormal regulation of alternative splicing and neuromuscular dysfunction. We used a transgenic mouse model to show that derangements of myotonic dystrophy are reversed by a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide, CAG25, that binds to CUGexp RNA and blocks its interaction with muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), a CUGexp-binding protein. CAG25 disperses nuclear foci of CUGexp RNA and reduces the overall burden of this toxic RNA. As MBNL1 is released from sequestration, the defect of alternative splicing regulation is corrected, thereby restoring ion channel function. These findings suggest an alternative use of antisense methods, to inhibit deleterious interactions of proteins with pathogenic RNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheeler, Thurman M -- Sobczak, Krzysztof -- Lueck, John D -- Osborne, Robert J -- Lin, Xiaoyan -- Dirksen, Robert T -- Thornton, Charles A -- AR/NS48143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS064293/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K24 AR048143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NIDCR-T32DE07202/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR049077/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1173110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/*metabolism ; Actins/genetics ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical policy. Draft stem cell guidelines please many, disappoint some (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):446. doi: 10.1126/science.324_446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Behavior. Surprising emotions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Eliot R -- Mackie, Diane M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):215-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1168650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. esmith4@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Emotions ; Humans ; Prejudice ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Identification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Diversity and complexity in DNA recognition by transcription factors (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Sequence preferences of DNA binding proteins are a primary mechanism by which cells interpret the genome. Despite the central importance of these proteins in physiology, development, and evolution, comprehensive DNA binding specificities have been determined experimentally for only a few proteins. Here, we used microarrays containing all 10-base pair sequences to examine the binding specificities of 104 distinct mouse DNA binding proteins representing 22 structural classes. Our results reveal a complex landscape of binding, with virtually every protein analyzed possessing unique preferences. Roughly half of the proteins each recognized multiple distinctly different sequence motifs, challenging our molecular understanding of how proteins interact with their DNA binding sites. This complexity in DNA recognition may be important in gene regulation and in the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905877/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905877/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Badis, Gwenael -- Berger, Michael F -- Philippakis, Anthony A -- Talukder, Shaheynoor -- Gehrke, Andrew R -- Jaeger, Savina A -- Chan, Esther T -- Metzler, Genita -- Vedenko, Anastasia -- Chen, Xiaoyu -- Kuznetsov, Hanna -- Wang, Chi-Fong -- Coburn, David -- Newburger, Daniel E -- Morris, Quaid -- Hughes, Timothy R -- Bulyk, Martha L -- R01 HG003985/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1720-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1162327. Epub 2009 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Ecology. Reducing the risks of the wildlife trade (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Katherine F -- Behrens, Michael -- Schloegel, Lisa M -- Marano, Nina -- Burgiel, Stas -- Daszak, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1174460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Providence, RI 02912, USA. katherine_smith@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Carrier State/veterinary ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Communicable Diseases/transmission/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Lab experiments are a major source of knowledge in the social sciences (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: Laboratory experiments are a widely used methodology for advancing causal knowledge in the physical and life sciences. With the exception of psychology, the adoption of laboratory experiments has been much slower in the social sciences, although during the past two decades the use of lab experiments has accelerated. Nonetheless, there remains considerable resistance among social scientists who argue that lab experiments lack "realism" and generalizability. In this article, we discuss the advantages and limitations of laboratory social science experiments by comparing them to research based on nonexperimental data and to field experiments. We argue that many recent objections against lab experiments are misguided and that even more lab experiments should be conducted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falk, Armin -- Heckman, James J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):535-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1168244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Economic Policy Research, Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), and University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Economics ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Laboratories ; *Research ; Research Design ; *Social Sciences
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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