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  • Male  (189)
  • Rats  (60)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (240)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (240)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2002  (240)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (240)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (240)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Activity-dependent modulation of synaptic efficacy in the brain contributes to neural circuit development and experience-dependent plasticity. Although glia are affected by activity and ensheathe synapses, their influence on synaptic strength has largely been ignored. Here, we show that a protein produced by glia, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), enhances synaptic efficacy by increasing surface expression of AMPA receptors. Preventing the actions of endogenous TNFalpha has the opposite effects. Thus, the continual presence of TNFalpha is required for preservation of synaptic strength at excitatory synapses. Through its effects on AMPA receptor trafficking, TNFalpha may play roles in synaptic plasticity and modulating responses to neural injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beattie, Eric C -- Stellwagen, David -- Morishita, Wade -- Bresnahan, Jacqueline C -- Ha, Byeong Keun -- Von Zastrow, Mark -- Beattie, Michael S -- Malenka, Robert C -- DA00439/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH063394/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 31193/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS38079/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2282-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. beattie.2@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Meet the mosquitoes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/physiology ; Animals ; Anopheles/physiology ; Culex/physiology ; *Culicidae/physiology ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Insect Vectors/physiology ; Male ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Gene expression during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: Molecular genetic studies of Drosophila melanogaster have led to profound advances in understanding the regulation of development. Here we report gene expression patterns for nearly one-third of all Drosophila genes during a complete time course of development. Mutations that eliminate eye or germline tissue were used to further analyze tissue-specific gene expression programs. These studies define major characteristics of the transcriptional programs that underlie the life cycle, compare development in males and females, and show that large-scale gene expression data collected from whole animals can be used to identify genes expressed in particular tissues and organs or genes involved in specific biological and biochemical processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arbeitman, Michelle N -- Furlong, Eileen E M -- Imam, Farhad -- Johnson, Eric -- Null, Brian H -- Baker, Bruce S -- Krasnow, Mark A -- Scott, Matthew P -- Davis, Ronald W -- White, Kevin P -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2270-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cluster Analysis ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; Germ Cells/physiology ; Larva/genetics ; Life Cycle Stages/*genetics ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pupa/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Genomic instability in mice lacking histone H2AX (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: Higher order chromatin structure presents a barrier to the recognition and repair of DNA damage. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce histone H2AX phosphorylation, which is associated with the recruitment of repair factors to damaged DNA. To help clarify the physiological role of H2AX, we targeted H2AX in mice. Although H2AX is not essential for irradiation-induced cell-cycle checkpoints, H2AX-/- mice were radiation sensitive, growth retarded, and immune deficient, and mutant males were infertile. These pleiotropic phenotypes were associated with chromosomal instability, repair defects, and impaired recruitment of Nbs1, 53bp1, and Brca1, but not Rad51, to irradiation-induced foci. Thus, H2AX is critical for facilitating the assembly of specific DNA-repair complexes on damaged DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celeste, Arkady -- Petersen, Simone -- Romanienko, Peter J -- Fernandez-Capetillo, Oscar -- Chen, Hua Tang -- Sedelnikova, Olga A -- Reina-San-Martin, Bernardo -- Coppola, Vincenzo -- Meffre, Eric -- Difilippantonio, Michael J -- Redon, Christophe -- Pilch, Duane R -- Olaru, Alexandru -- Eckhaus, Michael -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- Tessarollo, Lino -- Livak, Ferenc -- Manova, Katia -- Bonner, William M -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Nussenzweig, Andre -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):922-7. Epub 2002 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Histones/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Infertility, Male/genetics/physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis of infectious poliovirus. Experiments in tissue culture using neutralizing antibodies and CD155 receptor-specific antibodies and neurovirulence tests in CD155 transgenic mice confirmed that the synthetic virus had biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of poliovirus. Our results show that it is possible to synthesize an infectious agent by in vitro chemical-biochemical means solely by following instructions from a written sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cello, Jeronimo -- Paul, Aniko V -- Wimmer, Eckard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1016-8. Epub 2002 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Capsid/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; DNA, Complementary/*chemical synthesis/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Female ; *Genome, Viral ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliomyelitis/virology ; *Poliovirus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Viral/*chemical synthesis/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Viral Proteins ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Primate origins meeting. New fossils and a glimpse of evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, Anne Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Color Perception ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fossils ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; *Primates/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Enhanced and delayed stress-induced alcohol drinking in mice lacking functional CRH1 receptors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: There is a relation between stress and alcohol drinking. We show that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system that mediates endocrine and behavioral responses to stress plays a role in the control of long-term alcohol drinking. In mice lacking a functional CRH1 receptor, stress leads to enhanced and progressively increasing alcohol intake. The effect of repeated stress on alcohol drinking behavior appeared with a delay and persisted throughout life. It was associated with an up-regulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2B. Alterations in the CRH1 receptor gene and adaptional changes in NR2B subunits may constitute a genetic risk factor for stress-induced alcohol drinking and alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sillaber, Inge -- Rammes, Gerhard -- Zimmermann, Stephan -- Mahal, Beatrice -- Zieglgansberger, Walter -- Wurst, Wolfgang -- Holsboer, Florian -- Spanagel, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):931-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. sillaber@mpipsykl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*etiology/genetics ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology ; Ethanol/blood ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Infectious disease. Another disease blights families in Siberia's far north (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/*epidemiology/*genetics ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Pheromone reception. When in doubt, mice mate rather than hate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):782.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/physiology ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Vomeronasal Organ/*innervation/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Infectious disease. Siberia's deadly stalker emerges from the shadows (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/epidemiology ; Encephalomyelitis/ethnology/*etiology/pathology/virology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Herpesviridae/immunology/isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/ethnology/pathology/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Rural Health ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/ethnology/pathology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) affects 33 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of blindness. In a study of 54 families with autosomal dominantly inherited adult-onset POAG, we identified the causative gene on chromosome 10p14 and designated it OPTN (for "optineurin"). Sequence alterations in OPTN were found in 16.7% of families with hereditary POAG, including individuals with normal intraocular pressure. The OPTN gene codes for a conserved 66-kilodalton protein of unknown function that has been implicated in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling pathway and that interacts with diverse proteins including Huntingtin, Ras-associated protein RAB8, and transcription factor IIIA. Optineurin is expressed in trabecular meshwork, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, and brain, and we speculate that it plays a neuroprotective role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rezaie, Tayebeh -- Child, Anne -- Hitchings, Roger -- Brice, Glen -- Miller, Lauri -- Coca-Prados, Miguel -- Heon, Elise -- Krupin, Theodore -- Ritch, Robert -- Kreutzer, Donald -- Crick, R Pitts -- Sarfarazi, Mansoor -- EY-09947/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Ciliary Body/metabolism ; Exons ; Eye Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ocular Hypertension/genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retina/metabolism ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism ; *Transcription Factor TFIIIA ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 14
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    Inhibition of excess nodal signaling during mouse gastrulation by the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: The formation and patterning of mesoderm during mammalian gastrulation require the activity of Nodal, a secreted mesoderm-inducing factor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family. Here we show that the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 has a very specific role in regulation of Nodal activity during mouse embryogenesis. We find that loss of Drap1 leads to severe gastrulation defects that are consistent with increased expression of Nodal and can be partially suppressed by Nodal heterozygosity. Biochemical studies indicate that DRAP1 interacts with and inhibits DNA binding by the winged-helix transcription factor FoxH1 (FAST), a critical component of a positive feedback loop for Nodal activity. We propose that DRAP1 limits the spread of a morphogenetic signal by down-modulating the response to the Nodal autoregulatory loop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iratni, Rabah -- Yan, Yu-Ting -- Chen, Canhe -- Ding, Jixiang -- Zhang, Yi -- Price, Sandy M -- Reinberg, Danny -- Shen, Michael M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gastrula/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; In Situ Hybridization ; Left-Right Determination Factors ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nodal Protein ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Parkinson's disease. Coincidence or connection? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada/epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; *Famous Persons ; Female ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*epidemiology/etiology ; *Television ; Time Factors ; Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology
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  • 16
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    Amphibian decline. Ubiquitous herbicide emasculates frogs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrazine/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Disorders of Sex Development/*chemically induced/pathology ; Female ; Gonads/*abnormalities ; Herbicides/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Male ; Ovary/abnormalities ; Rana pipiens/*abnormalities/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Testis/abnormalities ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Xenopus laevis/*abnormalities/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 17
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    Lupus: mysterious disease holds its secrets tight (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology/metabolism ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immune System/physiopathology ; Immunotherapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*etiology/genetics/immunology/therapy ; Male ; Mental Processes ; *Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Risk Factors ; snRNP Core Proteins
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  • 18
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    Coordinated reactivation of distributed memory traces in primate neocortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: Conversion of new memories into a lasting form may involve the gradual refinement and linking together of neural representations stored widely throughout neocortex. This consolidation process may require coordinated reactivation of distributed components of memory traces while the cortex is "offline," i.e., not engaged in processing external stimuli. Simultaneous neural ensemble recordings from four sites in the macaque neocortex revealed such coordinated reactivation. In motor, somatosensory, and parietal cortex (but not prefrontal cortex), the behaviorally induced correlation structure and temporal patterning of neural ensembles within and between regions were preserved, confirming a major tenet of the trace-reactivation theory of memory consolidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, K L -- McNaughton, B L -- MH01565/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2070-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neural Systems, Memory, and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 19
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    An essential role of N-terminal arginylation in cardiovascular development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: The enzymatic conjugation of arginine to the N-termini of proteins is a part of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. In mammals, three N-terminal residues-aspartate, glutamate, and cysteine-are substrates for arginylation. The mouse ATE1 gene encodes a family of Arg-tRNA-protein transferases (R-transferases) that mediate N-terminal arginylation. We constructed ATE1-lacking mouse strains and found that ATE1-/- embryos die with defects in heart development and in angiogenic remodeling of the early vascular plexus. Through biochemical analyses, we show that N-terminal cysteine, in contrast to N-terminal aspartate and glutamate, is oxidized before its arginylation by R-transferase, suggesting that the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway functions as an oxygen sensor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Yong Tae -- Kashina, Anna S -- Davydov, Ilia V -- Hu, Rong-Gui -- An, Jee Young -- Seo, Jai Wha -- Du, Fangyong -- Varshavsky, Alexander -- GM31530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):96-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Aminoacyltransferases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta/embryology ; Arginine/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Blood Vessels/*embryology ; Cell Line ; Cysteic Acid/metabolism ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology ; Heart Septal Defects/embryology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery/embryology ; RGS Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 20
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    BRCA2 function in DNA binding and recombination from a BRCA2-DSS1-ssDNA structure (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: Mutations in the BRCA2 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 2) tumor suppressor lead to chromosomal instability due to defects in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination, but BRCA2's role in this process has been unclear. Here, we present the 3.1 angstrom crystal structure of a approximately 90-kilodalton BRCA2 domain bound to DSS1, which reveals three oligonucleotide-binding (OB) folds and a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif. We also (i) demonstrate that this BRCA2 domain binds single-stranded DNA, (ii) present its 3.5 angstrom structure bound to oligo(dT)9, (iii) provide data that implicate the HTH motif in dsDNA binding, and (iv) show that BRCA2 stimulates RAD51-mediated recombination in vitro. These findings establish that BRCA2 functions directly in homologous recombination and provide a structural and biochemical basis for understanding the loss of recombination-mediated DSB repair in BRCA2-associated cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Haijuan -- Jeffrey, Philip D -- Miller, Julie -- Kinnucan, Elspeth -- Sun, Yutong -- Thoma, Nicolas H -- Zheng, Ning -- Chen, Phang-Lang -- Lee, Wen-Hwa -- Pavletich, Nikola P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1837-48.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Sloan-Kettering Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic
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  • 21
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    Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: A critical issue in developmental cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which the functional neuroanatomy underlying task performance differs in adults and children. Direct comparisons of brain activation in the left frontal and extrastriate cortex were made in adults and children (aged 7 to 10 years) performing single-word processing tasks with visual presentation; differences were found in circumscribed frontal and extrastriate regions. Conceivably, these differences could be attributable exclusively to performance discrepancies; alternatively, maturational differences in functional neuroanatomy could exist despite similar performance. Some of the brain regions examined showed differences attributable to age independent of performance, suggesting that maturation of the pattern of regional activations for these tasks is incomplete at age 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlaggar, Bradley L -- Brown, Timothy T -- Lugar, Heather M -- Visscher, Kristina M -- Miezin, Francis M -- Petersen, Steven E -- NS32979/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS51281/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS55582/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. schlaggarb@neuro.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aging ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Cognition ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes
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  • 22
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    Ecology and evolution. Sex differences in mortality rate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owens, Ian P F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2008-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. i.owens@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Body Constitution ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Competitive Behavior ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Free Radicals/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunocompetence ; Male ; *Mammals/growth & development/parasitology/physiology ; *Mortality ; Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/*etiology/immunology ; Risk-Taking ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/physiology
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    Endocrinology. This hormone has been relaxin' too long! (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivell, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):637-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, Grandweg 64, 22529 Hamburg, Germany. ivell@ihf.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Endometrium/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/*physiology ; Relaxin/blood/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Vasodilation
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  • 24
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    The science of ART (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: The methods of gamete manipulation used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) are rapidly proliferating and in some instances outpacing the underlying science. In this review, we discuss two major advances in the ART laboratory-intracytoplasmic sperm injection and extended embryo culture before embryo transfer. We outline the rationale for these approaches, discuss results of experiments obtained from animal model systems and human preimplantation embryos that provide the scientific basis for these procedures, and point out potential concerns that have arisen from these studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schultz, Richard M -- Williams, Carmen J -- HD 22681/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 22732/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA. rschultz@mail.sas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/adverse effects ; *Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
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  • 25
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    Protein structure. Harmless proteins twist into troublemakers (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):28-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Rats
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  • 26
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    Paleoanthropology. First member of human family uncovered (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Chad ; Face ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Male ; Paleodontology ; *Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 27
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    The cortical topography of tonal structures underlying Western music (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: Western tonal music relies on a formal geometric structure that determines distance relationships within a harmonic or tonal space. In functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments, we identified an area in the rostromedial prefrontal cortex that tracks activation in tonal space. Different voxels in this area exhibited selectivity for different keys. Within the same set of consistently activated voxels, the topography of tonality selectivity rearranged itself across scanning sessions. The tonality structure was thus maintained as a dynamic topography in cortical areas known to be at a nexus of cognitive, affective, and mnemonic processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janata, Petr -- Birk, Jeffrey L -- Van Horn, John D -- Leman, Marc -- Tillmann, Barbara -- Bharucha, Jamshed J -- P50 NS17778-18/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth Brain Imaging Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. petr.janata@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Auditory Perception ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; *Music ; Nerve Net/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pitch Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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  • 28
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    Female germ cell aneuploidy and embryo death in mice lacking the meiosis-specific protein SCP3 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Aneuploidy (trisomy or monosomy) is the leading genetic cause of pregnancy loss in humans and results from errors in meiotic chromosome segregation. Here, we show that the absence of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3) promotes aneuploidy in murine oocytes by inducing defective meiotic chromosome segregation. The abnormal oocyte karyotype is inherited by embryos, which die in utero at an early stage of development. In addition, embryo death in SCP3-deficient females increases with advancing maternal age. We found that SCP3 is required for chiasmata formation and for the structural integrity of meiotic chromosomes, suggesting that altered chromosomal structure triggers nondisjunction. SCP3 is thus linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and provides a model system for studying age-dependent degeneration in oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Li -- Liu, Jian-Guo -- Hoja, Mary-Rose -- Wilbertz, Johannes -- Nordqvist, Katarina -- Hoog, Christer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; *Embryo Loss ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Litter Size ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Nondisjunction, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synaptonemal Complex/physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Discrete microdomains with high concentration of cAMP in stimulated rat neonatal cardiac myocytes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the most important modulator of sympathetic control over cardiac contractility. In cardiac myocytes and many other cell types, however, cAMP transduces the signal generated upon stimulation of various receptors and activates different cellular functions, raising the issue of how specificity can be achieved. In the general field of signal transduction, the view is emerging that specificity is guaranteed by tight localization of signaling events. Here, we show that in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, beta-adrenergic stimulation generates multiple microdomains with increased concentration of cAMP in correspondence with the region of the transverse tubule/junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. The restricted pools of cAMP show a range of action as small as approximately 1 micrometer, and free diffusion of the second messenger is limited by the activity of phosphodiesterases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such gradients of cAMP specifically activate a subset of protein kinase A molecules anchored in proximity to the T tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaccolo, Manuela -- Pozzan, Tullio -- TCP00089/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1711-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Sciences and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy. manuela.zaccolo@unipd.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Proteins ; Myocardium/*cytology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Transfection
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    Partitioning of the matrix fraction of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis in animal cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: The Golgi apparatus is partitioned during mitosis in animal cells by a process of fragmentation, dispersal, and reassembly in each daughter cell. We fractionated the Golgi apparatus in vivo using the drug brefeldin A or a dominant-negative mutant of the Sar1p protein. After these treatments, Golgi enzymes moved back to the endoplasmic reticulum, leaving behind a matrix of Golgi structural proteins. Under these conditions, cells still entered and exited mitosis normally, and their Golgi matrix partitioned in a manner very similar to that of the complete organelle. Thus, the matrix may be the partitioning unit of the Golgi apparatus and may carry the Golgi enzyme-containing membranes into the daughter cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seemann, Joachim -- Pypaert, Marc -- Taguchi, Tomohiko -- Malsam, Jorg -- Warren, Graham -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, Post Office Box 208002, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Animals ; Autoantigens ; Brefeldin A/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology ; Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interphase ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mannosidases/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Metaphase ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Mitosis ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/pharmacology ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/metabolism ; Rats ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Telophase ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
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    A low genomic number of recessive lethals in natural populations of bluefin killifish and zebrafish (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Despite the importance of selection against deleterious mutations in natural populations, reliable estimates of the genomic numbers of mutant alleles in wild populations are scarce. We found that, in wild-caught bluefin killifish Lucania goodei (Fundulidae) and wild-caught zebrafish Danio rerio (Cyprinidae), the average numbers of recessive lethal alleles per individual are 1.9 (95% confidence limits 1.3 to 2.6) and 1.4 (95% confidence limits 1.0 to 2.0), respectively. These results, together with data on several Drosophila species and on Xenopus laevis, show that phylogenetically distant animals with different genome sizes and numbers of genes carry similar numbers of lethal mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCune, Amy R -- Fuller, Rebecca C -- Aquilina, Allisan A -- Dawley, Robert M -- Fadool, James M -- Houle, David -- Travis, Joseph -- Kondrashov, Alexey S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2398-401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. arm2@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/genetics ; Female ; Fundulidae/abnormalities/*genetics ; *Genes, Lethal ; *Genes, Recessive ; *Genome ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Xenopus laevis/genetics ; Zebrafish/abnormalities/*genetics
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    Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the "perceptual narrowing" phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascalis, Olivier -- de Haan, Michelle -- Nelson, Charles A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. o.pascalis@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; *Face ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; *Recognition (Psychology) ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception
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    Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Television viewing and aggressive behavior were assessed over a 17-year interval in a community sample of 707 individuals. There was a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood and the likelihood of subsequent aggressive acts against others. This association remained significant after previous aggressive behavior, childhood neglect, family income, neighborhood violence, parental education, and psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Jeffrey G -- Cohen, Patricia -- Smailes, Elizabeth M -- Kasen, Stephanie -- Brook, Judith S -- DA-03188/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-36971/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Child Abuse ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Sex Characteristics ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Television ; Theft ; Time Factors ; *Violence
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    Parallel single-cell monitoring of receptor-triggered membrane translocation of a calcium-sensing protein module (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: Time courses of translocation of fluorescently conjugated proteins to the plasma membrane were simultaneously measured in thousands of individual rat basophilic leukemia cells. We found that the C2 domain---a calcium-sensing, lipid-binding protein module that is an essential regulator of protein kinase C and numerous other proteins---targeted proteins to the plasma membrane transiently if calcium was released from internal stores, and persistently in response to entry of extracellular calcium across the plasma membrane. The C2 domain translocation time courses of stimulated cells clustered into only two primary modes. Hence, the reversible recruitment of families of signaling proteins from one cellular compartment to another is a rapid bifurcation mechanism for inducing discrete states of cellular signaling networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teruel, Mary N -- Meyer, Tobias -- CA83229/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM062144/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00057/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1910-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University Medical School, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Proteins ; Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase C/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Protein Transport ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Software ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Development. Putting the brakes on regeneration (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKerracher, Lisa -- Ellezam, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1819-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Universite de Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada. mckerral@patho.umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amacrine Cells/*physiology ; Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Axons/*physiology ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Polarity ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Nerve Crush ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Optic Nerve/cytology/physiology ; Peripheral Nerves/transplantation ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology
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    Abnormal vascular function and hypertension in mice deficient in estrogen receptor beta (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Blood vessels express estrogen receptors, but their role in cardiovascular physiology is not well understood. We show that vascular smooth muscle cells and blood vessels from estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta)-deficient mice exhibit multiple functional abnormalities. In wild-type mouse blood vessels, estrogen attenuates vasoconstriction by an ERbeta-mediated increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In contrast, estrogen augments vasoconstriction in blood vessels from ERbeta-deficient mice. Vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from ERbeta-deficient mice show multiple abnormalities of ion channel function. Furthermore, ERbeta-deficient mice develop sustained systolic and diastolic hypertension as they age. These data support an essential role for ERbeta in the regulation of vascular function and blood pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yan -- Bian, Zhao -- Lu, Ping -- Karas, Richard H -- Bao, Lin -- Cox, Daniel -- Hodgin, Jeffrey -- Shaul, Philip W -- Thoren, Peter -- Smithies, Oliver -- Gustafsson, Jan-Ake -- Mendelsohn, Michael E -- GM20069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD30276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL53546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL56235/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL63494/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL55309/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL56069/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL61298/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, New England Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypertension/*physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitroarginine/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*physiology ; *Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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    Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann cell origin and role of tumor environment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most prevalent dominantly inherited genetic diseases of the nervous system. NF1 encodes a tumor suppressor whose functional loss results in the development of benign neurofibromas that can progress to malignancy. Neurofibromas are complex tumors composed of axonal processes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, and mast cells. Through use of a conditional (cre/lox) allele, we show that loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell lineage is sufficient to generate tumors. In addition, complete NF1-mediated tumorigenicity requires both a loss of NF1 in cells destined to become neoplastic as well as heterozygosity in non-neoplastic cells. The requirement for a permissive haploinsufficient environment to allow tumorigenesis may have therapeutic implications for NF1 and other familial cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yuan -- Ghosh, Pritam -- Charnay, Patrick -- Burns, Dennis K -- Parada, Luis F -- R01 NS034296/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034296-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):920-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Developmental Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9133, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cranial Nerves/pathology ; Culture Techniques ; Female ; *Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Hyperplasia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Mast Cells/chemistry/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurofibroma/genetics/*pathology ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics/*pathology ; Peripheral Nerves/pathology ; Schwann Cells/chemistry/*pathology ; Spinal Nerves/pathology
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    Enhanced tumor formation in mice heterozygous for Blm mutation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: Persons with the autosomal recessive disorder Bloom syndrome are predisposed to cancers of many types due to loss-of-function mutations in the BLM gene, which encodes a recQ-like helicase. Here we show that mice heterozygous for a targeted null mutation of Blm, the murine homolog of BLM, develop lymphoma earlier than wild-type littermates in response to challenge with murine leukemia virus and develop twice the number of intestinal tumors when crossed with mice carrying a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor. These observations indicate that Blm is a modifier of tumor formation in the mouse and that Blm haploinsufficiency is associated with tumor predisposition, a finding with important implications for cancer risk in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goss, Kathleen Heppner -- Risinger, Mary A -- Kordich, Jennifer J -- Sanz, Maureen M -- Straughen, Joel E -- Slovek, Lisa E -- Capobianco, Anthony J -- German, James -- Boivin, Gregory P -- Groden, Joanna -- CA63507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA84291/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA88460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES06096/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/genetics/pathology ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; Bloom Syndrome/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Helicases/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, APC ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/*genetics/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; RecQ Helicases ; Sister Chromatid Exchange
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    Evolutionary biology. Timing is everything for Wolbachia hosts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):999-1000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Division ; Chromosomes/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Male ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Nuclear Envelope/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Time Factors ; Wasps/embryology/*microbiology/*physiology ; Wolbachia/*physiology ; Zygote/*physiology
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    Sri Lanka: an amphibian hot spot (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meegaskumbura, M -- Bossuyt, F -- Pethiyagoda, R -- Manamendra-Arachchi, K -- Bahir, M -- Milinkovitch, M C -- Schneider, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oviposition ; Ovum/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Sri Lanka ; Trees
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    Evolutionary biology. Darwin's avian muses continue to evolve (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):633-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Ecuador ; Female ; Food ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology
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    A role for CD40 expression on CD8+ T cells in the generation of CD8+ T cell memory (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: The delivery of CD4 help to CD8+ T cell responses requires interactions between CD40 and CD40 ligand and is thought to occur through antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation. Here we show that generation of memory CD8+ T cells displaying an enhanced capacity for cell division and cytokine secretion required CD4 help but not CD40 expression by the APCs. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed CD40; and in the absence of this protein, CD8+ T cells were unable to differentiate into memory cells or receive CD4 help. These results suggest that, like B cells, CD8+ T cells receive CD4 help directly through CD40 and that this interaction is fundamental for CD8+ T cell memory generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourgeois, Christine -- Rocha, Benedita -- Tanchot, Corinne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2060-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U345, Institut Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, F-75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, CD40/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD40 Ligand/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; *Immunologic Memory ; Interferon-gamma/secretion ; Interleukin-2/secretion ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    NASA decision not suited for women (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Constitution ; Budgets ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Space Flight ; *Space Suits ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; Weightlessness
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    Premature aging in mice deficient in DNA repair and transcription (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: One of the factors postulated to drive the aging process is the accumulation of DNA damage. Here, we provide strong support for this hypothesis by describing studies of mice with a mutation in XPD, a gene encoding a DNA helicase that functions in both repair and transcription and that is mutated in the human disorder trichothiodystrophy (TTD). TTD mice were found to exhibit many symptoms of premature aging, including osteoporosis and kyphosis, osteosclerosis, early greying, cachexia, infertility, and reduced life-span. TTD mice carrying an additional mutation in XPA, which enhances the DNA repair defect, showed a greatly accelerated aging phenotype, which correlated with an increased cellular sensitivity to oxidative DNA damage. We hypothesize that aging in TTD mice is caused by unrepaired DNA damage that compromises transcription, leading to functional inactivation of critical genes and enhanced apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Boer, Jan -- Andressoo, Jaan Olle -- de Wit, Jan -- Huijmans, Jan -- Beems, Rudolph B -- van Steeg, Harry -- Weeda, Geert -- van der Horst, Gijsbertus T J -- van Leeuwen, Wibeke -- Themmen, Axel P N -- Meradji, Morteza -- Hoeijmakers, Jan H J -- AG 17242-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1276-9. Epub 2002 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Genetics Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Aging, Premature/*etiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Density ; Cachexia/etiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Gene Targeting ; Growth Disorders/etiology/genetics ; Hair Diseases/genetics ; Kyphosis/etiology/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
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    Germline stem cell transplantation and transgenesis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: The recently developed testis cell transplantation method provides a powerful approach to studying the biology of the male germline stem cell and its microenvironment, the stem cell niche. The technique also is being used to examine spermatogenic defects, correct male infertility, and generate transgenic animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinster, Ralph L -- 36504/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Baltimore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryopreservation ; Humans ; Male ; Seminiferous Tubules/cytology ; Sertoli Cells/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/physiology ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Testis/*cytology ; Transduction, Genetic ; *Transgenes ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Biodegradable, elastic shape-memory polymers for potential biomedical applications (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: The introduction of biodegradable implant materials as well as minimally invasive surgical procedures in medicine has substantially improved health care within the past few decades. This report describes a group of degradable thermoplastic polymers that are able to change their shape after an increase in temperature. Their shape-memory capability enables bulky implants to be placed in the body through small incisions or to perform complex mechanical deformations automatically. A smart degradable suture was created to illustrate the potential of these shape-memory thermoplastics in biomedical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lendlein, Andreas -- Langer, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1673-6. Epub 2002 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉mnemoScience GmbH, Pauwelsstrabetae 19, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. a.lendlein@mnemoscience.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Dioxanes/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; Isocyanates/chemistry ; Mechanics ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyesters/chemistry ; *Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical ; *Sutures ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
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    Correlated bursts of activity in the neonatal hippocampus in vivo (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: The behavior of immature cortical networks in vivo remains largely unknown. Using multisite extracellular and patch-clamp recordings, we observed recurrent bursts of synchronized neuronal activity lasting 0.5 to 3 seconds that occurred spontaneously in the hippocampus of freely moving and anesthetized rat pups. The influence of slow rhythms (0.33 and 0.1 hertz) and the contribution of both gamma-aminobutyric acid A-mediated and glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic signals in the generation of hippocampal bursts was reminiscent of giant depolarizing potentials observed in vitro. This earliest pattern, which diversifies during the second postnatal week, could provide correlated activity for immature neurons and may underlie activity-dependent maturation of the hippocampal network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leinekugel, Xavier -- Khazipov, Rustem -- Cannon, Robert -- Hirase, Hajime -- Ben-Ari, Yehezkel -- Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- FO6 TW02290/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- N0T 43994/PHS HHS/ -- NS 34994/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 43157/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR09754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2049-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INMED, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U29, Avenue de Luminy, Boite Postale 13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, GABA-A/physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
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    Evolutionary biology. Finches adapt rapidly to new homes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alabama ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Montana ; Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology
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    Conversion of Unc104/KIF1A kinesin into a processive motor after dimerization (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: Unc104/KIF1A belongs to a class of monomeric kinesin motors that have been thought to possess an unusual motility mechanism. Unlike the unidirectional motion driven by the coordinated actions of the two heads in conventional kinesins, single-headed KIF1A was reported to undergo biased diffusional motion along microtubules. Here, we show that Unc104/KIF1A can dimerize and move unidirectionally and processively with rapid velocities characteristic of transport in living cells. These results suggest that Unc104/KIF1A operates in vivo by a mechanism similar to conventional kinesin and that regulation of motor dimerization may be used to control transport by this class of kinesins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomishige, Michio -- Klopfenstein, Dieter R -- Vale, Ronald D -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2263-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Diffusion ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Kinesin/*chemistry/physiology ; Liposomes ; Microtubules/*physiology ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
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    Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by presynaptic Ih channels (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: Hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation (LTP) is expressed presynaptically, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of the hyperpolarization-activated cation channel (Ih) in the expression of mossy fiber LTP. Established LTP was blocked and reversed by Ih channel antagonists. Whole-cell recording from granule cells revealed that repetitive stimulation causes a calcium- and Ih-dependent long-lasting depolarization mediated by protein kinase A. Depolarization at the terminals would be expected to enhance transmitter release, whereas somatic depolarization would enhance the responsiveness of granule cells to afferent input. Thus, Ih channels play an important role in the long-lasting control of transmitter release and neuronal excitability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mellor, Jack -- Nicoll, Roger A -- Schmitz, Dietmar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):143-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cesium/pharmacology ; Chlorides/pharmacology ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; *Membrane Proteins ; Models, Neurological ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal/drug effects/*physiology ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels ; Presynaptic Terminals/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; *Sulfonamides ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Signaling pathways for PC12 cell differentiation: making the right connections (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: A key issue in signal transduction is how signaling pathways common to many systems-so-called canonical signaling cassettes-integrate signals from molecules having a wide spectrum of activities, such as hormones and neurotrophins, to deliver distinct biological outcomes. The neuroendocrine cell line PC12, derived from rat pheochromocytoma, provides an example of how one canonical signaling cassette-the Raf --〉 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) --〉 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-can promote distinct outcomes, which in this case include neuritogenesis, gene induction, and proliferation. Two growth hormones, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), use the same pathway to cause PC12 proliferation and differentiation, respectively. In addition, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neurotransmitter that also causes differentiation, uses the same canonical cassette as NGF but in a different way. The Connections Map for PC12 Cell Differentiation brings into focus the complex array of specific cellular responses that rely on canonical signal transduction systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaudry, D -- Stork, P J S -- Lazarovici, P -- Eiden, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1648-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuropeptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells/*physiology ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Rats ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Response Elements ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Public information and breeding habitat selection in a wild bird population (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: According to the "public information" hypothesis, some animal species may monitor the current reproductive success of conspecifics to assess local habitat quality and to choose their own subsequent breeding site. To test this hypothesis experimentally, we manipulated two components of public information, the mean number of offspring raised locally ("quantity") and their condition ("quality"), in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Immigration rate decreased with local offspring quantity but did not depend on local offspring quality, suggesting that immigrants are deprived of information regarding local quality. Conversely, emigration rate increased both when local offspring quantity or quality decreased, suggesting that residents can use both components of public information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doligez, Blandine -- Danchin, Etienne -- Clobert, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Ecologie CNRS-UMR 7625, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, Batiment A 7eme etage, Case 237, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. blandine.doligez@esh.unibe.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cognition ; Cues ; *Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Probability ; *Reproduction ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Sweden
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    Direct link between mhc polymorphism, T cell avidity, and diversity in immune defense (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-encoded molecules govern immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to T cells. The extensive polymorphism of genes encoding these molecules is believed to enhance immune defense by broadening the array of antigenic peptides available for T cell recognition, but direct evidence supporting the importance of this mechanism in combating pathogens is limited. Here we link mhc polymorphism-driven diversification of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) repertoire to the generation of high-avidity, protective antiviral T cells and to superior antiviral defense. Thus, much of the beneficial effect of the mhc polymorphism in immune defense may be due to its critical influence on the properties of the selected CTL repertoire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Messaoudi, Ilhem -- Guevara Patino, Jose A -- Dyall, Ruben -- LeMaoult, Joel -- Nikolich-Zugich, Janko -- CA-86803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1797-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Complementarity Determining Regions ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; H-2 Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/*immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    Reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: In young animals, monocular deprivation leads to an ocular dominance shift, whereas in adults after the critical period there is no such shift. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) inhibitory for axonal sprouting. We tested whether the developmental maturation of the ECM is inhibitory for experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. The organization of CSPGs into perineuronal nets coincided with the end of the critical period and was delayed by dark rearing. After CSPG degradation with chondroitinase-ABC in adult rats, monocular deprivation caused an ocular dominance shift toward the nondeprived eye. The mature ECM is thus inhibitory for experience-dependent plasticity, and degradation of CSPGs reactivates cortical plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizzorusso, Tommaso -- Medini, Paolo -- Berardi, Nicoletta -- Chierzi, Sabrina -- Fawcett, James W -- Maffei, Lamberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1248-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy. tommaso@in.pi.cnr.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Chondroitin ABC Lyase/*metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/*metabolism ; Darkness ; *Dominance, Ocular ; Extracellular Matrix/*metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type ; Light ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
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    Evidence for the effect of learning on timing of reproduction in blue tits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: We experimentally show that in blue tits (Parus caeruleus) egg-laying date is causally linked to experience in the previous year. Females that received additional food in the nestling period in one year laid eggs later in the next year compared with the control birds, whatever the degree of synchronization with the natural food abundance in the previous year. As a result, they raised their brood much later than the peak period of nestling food availability in the next year. The response to experience is adaptive for blue tits, which live in heterogeneous habitats where the peak period of food varies, but once settled will breed at the same location for life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grieco, Fabrizio -- van Noordwijk, Arie J -- Visser, Marcel E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):136-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center for Terrestrial Ecology, Post Office Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. grieco@cto.nioo.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Environment ; Female ; *Food ; *Learning ; Male ; *Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Truncating neurotrypsin mutation in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: A 4-base pair deletion in the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin gene was associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (MR). In situ hybridization experiments on human fetal brains showed that neurotrypsin was highly expressed in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Immuno-electron microscopy on adult human brain sections revealed that neurotrypsin is located in presynaptic nerve endings, particularly over the presynaptic membrane lining the synaptic cleft. These findings suggest that neurotrypsin-mediated proteolysis is required for normal synaptic function and suggest potential insights into the pathophysiological bases of mental retardation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Molinari, Florence -- Rio, Marlene -- Meskenaite, Virginia -- Encha-Razavi, Ferechte -- Auge, Joelle -- Bacq, Delphine -- Briault, Sylvain -- Vekemans, Michel -- Munnich, Arnold -- Attie-Bitach, Tania -- Sonderegger, Peter -- Colleaux, Laurence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1779-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Recherches sur les Handicaps Genetiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U-393, et Departement de Genetique, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/embryology/*metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Pedigree ; *Sequence Deletion ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/embryology/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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    Fluorescent signaling in parrots (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnold, Kathryn E -- Owens, Ian P F -- Marshall, N Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. K.Arnold@bio.gla.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Feathers ; Female ; *Fluorescence ; Male ; Parrots/*physiology ; Pigments, Biological/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    The mosquito genome--a breakthrough for public health (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: The Anopheles gambiae genome sequence will accelerate identification of new insect vector target genes leading to improved strategies for malaria control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morel, Carlos M -- Toure, Yeya T -- Dobrokhotov, Boris -- Oduola, Ayoade M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):79.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. tdr@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genome ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria/parasitology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; Mosquito Control ; Plasmodium/physiology ; Public Health ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Animal behavior. Guppy sex and gluttony guided by orange glow (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1816.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carotenoids/analysis ; Color ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Food Preferences ; Fruit/chemistry ; Genes ; Male ; *Pigmentation ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Sperm-female coevolution in Drosophila (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: Rapid evolution of reproductive traits has been attributed to sexual selection arising from interaction between the sexes. However, little is known about the nature of selection driving the evolution of interacting sex-specific phenotypes. Using populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for divergent sperm length or female sperm-storage organ length, we experimentally show that male fertilization success is determined by an interaction between sperm and female morphology. In addition, sperm length evolution occurred as a correlated response to selection on the female reproductive tract. Giant sperm tails are the cellular equivalent of the peacock's tail, having evolved because females evolved reproductive tracts that selectively bias paternity in favor of males with longer sperm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Gary T -- Pitnick, Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1230-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 108 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Copulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sperm Tail/ultrastructure ; Spermatozoa/*cytology/physiology
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    Natural iron isotope variations in human blood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: Isotopic analysis of human blood and liver and muscle tissue indicates that each individual bears a long-term iron (Fe) isotope signature in the blood. Blood and tissue differ slightly in isotopic composition and are depleted by up to 2.6 per mil in 56Fe relative to 54Fe when compared to dietary Fe. The 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio in the blood of males is, on average, lower by 0.3 per mil than that of females. These results suggest that Fe isotope effects in the blood reflect differences in intestinal Fe absorption between individuals and genotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walczyk, Thomas -- von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2065-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Seestrasse 72, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. thomas.walczyk@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Absorption ; Iron/*blood/metabolism ; Iron Isotopes/*blood/metabolism ; Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Meat ; Muscles/metabolism ; Reference Values ; Sex Characteristics
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    Generation of live young from xenografted mouse ovaries (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snow, Melanie -- Cox, Shae-Lee -- Jenkin, Graham -- Trounson, Alan -- Shaw, Jillian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, 3800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropins, Equine/administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Nude ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary/*transplantation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rats ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; *Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Toxicology. Questions swirl over knockout gas used in hostage crisis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1150-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Etorphine ; Female ; Fentanyl/*analogs & derivatives/poisoning ; Halothane ; Humans ; Male ; Narcotics/*poisoning ; *Prisoners ; Russia ; *Terrorism ; Tranquilizing Agents
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    The many selves of social insects (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Social insects show multiple levels of self identity. Most individuals are sterile workers who selflessly labor for their colony, which is often viewed as a superorganism. The superorganism protects itself with colony recognition systems based on learned odors, typically cuticular hydrocarbons. Transfer of these odors within the colony obscures separate clan identities. Residual individual interests do appear to cause conflicts within colonies over sex ratio, male production, caste, and reproductive dominance. However, genomic imprinting theory predicts that the individual's maternal and paternal genes will evolve separate infraorganismal identities, perhaps leaving virtually no coherent individual identity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Queller, David C -- Strassmann, Joan E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):311-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Mail Stop-170, Rice University, Post Office Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA. Queller@rice.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Conflict (Psychology) ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cues ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genomic Imprinting ; Hymenoptera/genetics/*physiology ; Insects/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Odors ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio ; Social Behavior
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    Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Although humans and their closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees, are 98.7% identical in their genomic DNA sequences, they differ in many morphological, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. The underlying genetic basis of many of these differences may be altered gene expression. We have compared the transcriptome in blood leukocytes, liver, and brain of humans, chimpanzees, orangutans, and macaques using microarrays, as well as protein expression patterns of humans and chimpanzees using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We also studied three mouse species that are approximately as related to each other as are humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans. We identified species-specific gene expression patterns indicating that changes in protein and gene expression have been particularly pronounced in the human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enard, Wolfgang -- Khaitovich, Philipp -- Klose, Joachim -- Zollner, Sebastian -- Heissig, Florian -- Giavalisco, Patrick -- Nieselt-Struwe, Kay -- Muchmore, Elaine -- Varki, Ajit -- Ravid, Rivka -- Doxiadis, Gaby M -- Bontrop, Ronald E -- Paabo, Svante -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):340-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Inselstrasse 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Haplorhini/*genetics ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Muridae/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Pongo pygmaeus/genetics ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Species Specificity
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    RNA polymerase II transcription in murine cells lacking the TATA binding protein (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: Inactivation of the murine TATA binding protein (TBP) gene by homologous recombination leads to growth arrest and apoptosis at the embryonic blastocyst stage. However, after loss of TBP, RNA polymerase II (pol II) remains in a transcriptionally active phosphorylation state, and in situ run-on experiments showed high levels of pol II transcription comparable to those of wild-type cells. In contrast, pol I and pol III transcription was arrested. Our results show a differential dependency of the RNA polymerases on TBP and provide evidence for TBP-independent pol II transcriptional mechanisms that allow reinitiation and maintenance of gene transcription in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martianov, Igor -- Viville, Stephane -- Davidson, Irwin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, Communaute Urbaine de Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amanitins/pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Gene Targeting ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Phenotype ; RNA Polymerase I/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; RNA Polymerase III/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; TATA-Box Binding Protein/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Light synchronizes mammalian circadian rhythms with environmental time by modulating retinal input to the circadian pacemaker-the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Such photic entrainment requires neither rods nor cones, the only known retinal photoreceptors. Here, we show that retinal ganglion cells innervating the SCN are intrinsically photosensitive. Unlike other ganglion cells, they depolarized in response to light even when all synaptic input from rods and cones was blocked. The sensitivity, spectral tuning, and slow kinetics of this light response matched those of the photic entrainment mechanism, suggesting that these ganglion cells may be the primary photoreceptors for this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berson, David M -- Dunn, Felice A -- Takao, Motoharu -- EY12793/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1070-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912 USA. David_Berson@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; *Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Isoquinolines ; Kinetics ; Light ; *Light Signal Transduction ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/chemistry/cytology/*physiology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/cytology/*physiology
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    Immunology. Antibodies kill by producing ozone (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/*physiology ; Arthus Reaction ; Catalysis ; Escherichia coli/*physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Ozone/*metabolism ; Rats ; Singlet Oxygen/metabolism
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    Becoming human. In search of the first hominids (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1214-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Time ; Trees ; Walking
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    Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: The master circadian oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained to the day/night cycle by retinal photoreceptors. Melanopsin (Opn4), an opsin-based photopigment, is a primary candidate for photoreceptor-mediated entrainment. To investigate the functional role of melanopsin in light resetting of the oscillator, we generated melanopsin-null mice (Opn4-/-). These mice entrain to a light/dark cycle and do not exhibit any overt defect in circadian activity rhythms under constant darkness. However, they display severely attenuated phase resetting in response to brief pulses of monochromatic light, highlighting the critical role of melanopsin in circadian photoentrainment in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panda, Satchidananda -- Sato, Trey K -- Castrucci, Ana Maria -- Rollag, Mark D -- DeGrip, Willem J -- Hogenesch, John B -- Provencio, Ignacio -- Kay, Steve A -- MH 62405/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH51573/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2213-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Darkness ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Rod Opsins/genetics/*physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology
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    Scientific evidence. Judge rejects cancer data in Maryland cell phone suit (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parascandola, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Maryland ; Peer Review, Research ; Publishing ; Risk Factors ; *Telephone ; United States
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    Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: The central nervous system (CNS) loses the ability to regenerate early during development, but it is not known why. The retina has long served as a simple model system for study of CNS regeneration. Here we show that amacrine cells signal neonatal rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to undergo a profound and apparently irreversible loss of intrinsic axon growth ability. Concurrently, retinal maturation triggers RGCs to greatly increase their dendritic growth ability. These results suggest that adult CNS neurons fail to regenerate not only because of CNS glial inhibition but also because of a loss of intrinsic axon growth ability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, Jeffrey L -- Klassen, Matthew P -- Hua, Ying -- Barres, Ben A -- 2T32GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY11030/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1860-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Sherman Fairchild Science Building D231, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. jlgoldbe@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Amacrine Cells/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Aging ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Techniques ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Nerve Regeneration ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/cytology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology/transplantation/ultrastructure ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Colliculi/physiology
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    Transcriptional regulation of cortical neuron migration by POU domain factors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: The identification of pathways mediated by the kinase Cdk5 and the ligand reelin has provided a conceptual framework for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying proper lamination of the developing mammalian cerebral cortex. In this report, we identify a component of the regulation of Cdk5-mediated cortical lamination by genetic analysis of the roles of the class III POU domain transcription factors, Brn-1 and Brn-2, expressed during the development of the forebrain and coexpressed in most layer II-V cortical neurons. Brn-1 and Brn-2 appear to critically control the initiation of radial migration, redundantly regulating the cell-autonomous expression of the p35 and p39 regulatory subunits of Cdk5 in migrating cortical neurons, with Brn-1(-/-)/Brn-2(-/-) mice exhibiting cortical inversion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEvilly, Robert J -- de Diaz, Marcela Ortiz -- Schonemann, Marcus D -- Hooshmand, Farideh -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1528-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0648, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hippocampus/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/*physiology ; POU Domain Factors ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Neural correlates for perception of 3D surface orientation from texture gradient (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: A goal in visual neuroscience is to reveal how the visual system reconstructs the three-dimensional (3D) representation of the world from two-dimensional retinal images. Although the importance of texture gradient cues in the process of 3D vision has been pointed out, most studies concentrate on the neural process based on binocular disparity. We report the neural correlates of depth perception from texture gradient in the cortex. In the caudal part of the lateral bank of intraparietal sulcus, many neurons were selective to 3D surface orientation defined by texture gradient, and their response was invariant over different types of texture pattern. Most of these neurons were also sensitive to a disparity gradient, suggesting that they integrate texture and disparity gradient signals to construct a generalized representation of 3D surface orientation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsutsui, Ken-Ichiro -- Sakata, Hideo -- Naganuma, Tomoka -- Taira, Masato -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):409-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Depth Perception/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Form Perception/*physiology ; Learning ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Photic Stimulation ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Vision Disparity ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
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    Neuronal calcium sensor 1 and activity-dependent facilitation of P/Q-type calcium currents at presynaptic nerve terminals (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: P/Q-type presynaptic calcium currents (IpCa) undergo activity-dependent facilitation during repetitive activation at the calyx of the Held synapse. We investigated whether neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) may underlie this phenomenon. Direct loading of NCS-1 into the nerve terminal mimicked activity-dependent IpCa facilitation by accelerating the activation time of IpCa in a Ca2+-dependent manner. A presynaptically loaded carboxyl-terminal peptide of NCS-1 abolished IpCa facilitation. These results suggest that residual Ca2+ activates endogenous NCS-1, thereby facilitating IpCa. Because both P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and NCS-1 are widely expressed in mammalian nerve terminals, NCS-1 may contribute to the activity-dependent synaptic facilitation at many synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsujimoto, Tetsuhiro -- Jeromin, Andreas -- Saitoh, Naoto -- Roder, John C -- Takahashi, Tomoyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2276-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. tujimoto-tky@umin.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain Stem/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/administration & ; dosage/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins ; Neuropeptides/administration & dosage/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar
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    Neurobiology. What the synapse tells the neuron (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mel, Bartlett W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1845-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. mel@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/*physiology ; *Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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    The Institute for Genomic Research meeting. Gene researchers hunt bargains, fixer-uppers (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):735-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/*genetics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Gene Dosage ; *Genes, Duplicate ; Humans ; Male ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/instrumentation/methods
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    Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Evolution can be predicted in the short term from a knowledge of selection and inheritance. However, in the long term evolution is unpredictable because environments, which determine the directions and magnitudes of selection coefficients, fluctuate unpredictably. These two features of evolution, the predictable and unpredictable, are demonstrated in a study of two populations of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos island of Daphne Major. From 1972 to 2001, Geospiza fortis (medium ground finch) and Geospiza scandens (cactus finch) changed several times in body size and two beak traits. Natural selection occurred frequently in both species and varied from unidirectional to oscillating, episodic to gradual. Hybridization occurred repeatedly though rarely, resulting in elevated phenotypic variances in G. scandens and a change in beak shape. The phenotypic states of both species at the end of the 30-year study could not have been predicted at the beginning. Continuous, long-term studies are needed to detect and interpret rare but important events and nonuniform evolutionary change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Peter R -- Grant, B Rosemary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):707-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. prgrantprinceton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Female ; Food ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Phenotype ; Sampling Studies ; Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Evolutionary biology. Evo-devo enthusiasts get down to details (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):953-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Caenorhabditis/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; *Developmental Biology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; *Genes ; Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Male ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Species Specificity ; Stomatognathic System/anatomy & histology
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    Herpetology. 100 frogs a-leaping for biodiversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; Oviposition ; Sri Lanka ; Trees
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    Tangled roots? Genetics meets genealogy (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1634-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Commerce ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Entrepreneurship ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation ; *Pedigree ; Y Chromosome
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    Visualization of a Ran-GTP gradient in interphase and mitotic Xenopus egg extracts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: The small guanosine triphosphatase Ran is loaded with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the chromatin-bound guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 and releases import cargoes in the nucleus during interphase. In mitosis, Ran-GTP promotes spindle assembly around chromosomes by locally discharging cargoes that regulate microtubule dynamics and organization. We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors to visualize gradients of Ran-GTP and liberated cargoes around chromosomes in mitotic Xenopus egg extracts. Both gradients were required to assemble and maintain spindle structure. During interphase, Ran-GTP was highly enriched in the nucleoplasm, and a steep concentration difference between nuclear and cytoplasmic Ran-GTP was established, providing evidence for a Ran-GTP gradient surrounding chromosomes throughout the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalab, Petr -- Weis, Karsten -- Heald, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2452-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biosensing Techniques ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Energy Transfer ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; *Interphase ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Microtubules/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Ovum/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Xenopus ; alpha Karyopherins/chemistry/metabolism ; beta Karyopherins/chemistry/metabolism ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/*metabolism
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    Place cells and place recognition maintained by direct entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Place cells in hippocampal area CA1 may receive positional information from the intrahippocampal associative network in area CA3 or directly from the entorhinal cortex. To determine whether direct entorhinal connections support spatial firing and spatial memory, we removed all input from areas CA3 to CA1, thus isolating the CA1 area. Pyramidal cells in the isolated CA1 area developed sharp and stable place fields. Rats with an isolated CA1 area showed normal acquisition of an associative hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition task. Spatial recall was impaired. These results suggest that the hippocampus contains two functionally separable memory circuits: The direct entorhinal-CA1 system is sufficient for recollection-based recognition memory, but recall depends on intact CA3-CA1 connectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brun, Vegard H -- Otnass, Mona K -- Molden, Sturla -- Steffenach, Hill-Aina -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Unit, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Denervation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/*physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    No major schizophrenia locus detected on chromosome 1q in a large multicenter sample (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Reports of substantial evidence for genetic linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 1q were evaluated by genotyping 16 DNA markers across 107 centimorgans of this chromosome in a multicenter sample of 779 informative schizophrenia pedigrees. No significant evidence was observed for such linkage, nor for heterogeneity in allele sharing among the eight individual samples. Separate analyses of European-origin families, recessive models of inheritance, and families with larger numbers of affected cases also failed to produce significant evidence for linkage. If schizophrenia susceptibility genes are present on chromosome 1q, their population-wide genetic effects are likely to be small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levinson, Douglas F -- Holmans, Peter A -- Laurent, Claudine -- Riley, Brien -- Pulver, Ann E -- Gejman, Pablo V -- Schwab, Sibylle G -- Williams, Nigel M -- Owen, Michael J -- Wildenauer, Dieter B -- Sanders, Alan R -- Nestadt, Gerald -- Mowry, Bryan J -- Wormley, Brandon -- Bauche, Stephanie -- Soubigou, Stephane -- Ribble, Robert -- Nertney, Deborah A -- Liang, Kung Yee -- Martinolich, Laura -- Maier, Wolfgang -- Norton, Nadine -- Williams, Hywel -- Albus, Margot -- Carpenter, Eric B -- DeMarchi, Nicola -- Ewen-White, Kelly R -- Walsh, Dermot -- Jay, Maurice -- Deleuze, Jean-Francois -- O'Neill, F Anthony -- Papadimitriou, George -- Weilbaecher, Ann -- Lerer, Bernard -- O'Donovan, Michael C -- Dikeos, Dimitris -- Silverman, Jeremy M -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- Mallet, Jacques -- Crowe, Raymond R -- Walters, Marilyn -- G9309834/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9810900/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K24-MH64197/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- KO2-01207/PHS HHS/ -- MH 41953/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 45390/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 52537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH61602/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH57314/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46289/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):739-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dfl@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Australia ; Canada ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree ; Schizophrenia/ethnology/*genetics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mother knows best (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meltzer, David J -- Grayson, Donald K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12117008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; *Mothers ; *Nuclear Family
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  • 86
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    Extracting 3D from motion: differences in human and monkey intraparietal cortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: We compared three-dimensional structure-from-motion (3D-SFM) processing in awake monkeys and humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Occipital and midlevel extrastriate visual areas showed similar activation by 3D-SFM stimuli in both species. In contrast, intraparietal areas showed significant 3D-SFM activation in humans but not in monkeys. This suggests that human intraparietal cortex contains visuospatial processing areas that are not present in monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vanduffel, W -- Fize, D -- Peuskens, H -- Denys, K -- Sunaert, S -- Todd, J T -- Orban, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):413-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium. wim@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Depth Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Species Specificity ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: The gastrointestinal tract is lined by a layer of mucus comprised of highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. To evaluate the importance of mucin in intestinal carcinogenesis, we constructed mice genetically deficient in Muc2, the most abundant secreted gastrointestinal mucin. Muc2-/- mice displayed aberrant intestinal crypt morphology and altered cell maturation and migration. Most notably, the mice frequently developed adenomas in the small intestine that progressed to invasive adenocarcinoma, as well as rectal tumors. Thus, Muc2 is involved in the suppression of colorectal cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Velcich, Anna -- Yang, WanCai -- Heyer, Joerg -- Fragale, Alessandra -- Nicholas, Courtney -- Viani, Stephanie -- Kucherlapati, Raju -- Lipkin, Martin -- Yang, Kan -- Augenlicht, Leonard -- CA 72835/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 90808/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P0 CA 13330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1726-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. velcich@aecom.yu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/chemistry/pathology ; Adenoma/chemistry/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Colon/chemistry/cytology/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/analysis ; Disease Progression ; Duodenal Neoplasms/chemistry/pathology ; Duodenum/chemistry/cytology/pathology ; Epithelial Cells/chemistry/physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Goblet Cells/cytology ; Intestinal Mucosa/chemistry/cytology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mucin-2 ; Mucins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/analysis ; *Trans-Activators ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Creatures of our own making (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Budiansky, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):80-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aedes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Animals ; Anopheles/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission ; Biological Evolution ; Blood ; Climate ; Culex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Culicidae/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Malaria/epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mosquito Control ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Water
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  • 89
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    Alternative splicing and neuritic mRNA translocation under long-term neuronal hypersensitivity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: To explore neuronal mechanisms underlying long-term consequences of stress, we studied stress-induced changes in the neuritic translocation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) splice variants. Under normal conditions, we found the synaptic AChE-S mRNA and protein in neurites. Corticosterone, anticholinesterases, and forced swim, each facilitated a rapid (minutes), yet long-lasting (weeks), shift from AChE-S to the normally rare AChE-R mRNA, promoted AChE-R mRNA translocation into neurites, and induced enzyme secretion. Weeks after stress, electrophysiological measurements in hippocampus slices displayed apparently normal evoked synaptic responses but extreme hypersensitivity to both anticholinesterases and atropine. Our findings suggest that neuronal hypersensitivity under stress involves neuritic replacement of AChE-S with AChE-R.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meshorer, Eran -- Erb, Christina -- Gazit, Roi -- Pavlovsky, Lev -- Kaufer, Daniela -- Friedman, Alon -- Glick, David -- Ben-Arie, Nissim -- Soreq, Hermona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):508-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences and The Eric Roland Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 91904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Action Potentials ; *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Corticosterone/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurites/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/genetics/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 90
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    Microbiology. A binding contract for anthrax (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bull, James J -- Parrish, Colin R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Integrative Biology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. bull@bull.biosci.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax/prevention & control/therapy ; Anthrax Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/blood ; *Antigens, Bacterial ; Antitoxins/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Bacillus anthracis/*immunology ; Bacterial Toxins/*immunology/metabolism/toxicity ; Bioterrorism ; Drug Industry ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Rats ; Receptors, Peptide/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Bile Acid secreted by male sea lamprey that acts as a sex pheromone (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: We show that reproductively mature male sea lampreys release a bile acid that acts as a potent sex pheromone, inducing preference and searching behavior in ovulated female lampreys. The secreted bile acid 7alpha,12alpha,24-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-3-one 24-sulfate was released in much higher amounts relative to known vertebrate steroid pheromones and may be secreted through the gills. Hence, the male of this fish species signals both its reproductive status and location to females by secreting a pheromone that can act over long distances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Weiming -- Scott, Alexander P -- Siefkes, Michael J -- Yan, Honggao -- Liu, Qin -- Yun, Sang-Seon -- Gage, Douglas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Liweim@msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry/isolation & purification/*physiology/secretion ; Cholic Acids/chemistry/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Female ; Gills/cytology/secretion ; Lampreys/*physiology ; Male ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Ovulation ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Attractants/chemistry/isolation & purification/*physiology/secretion ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
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  • 92
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    What mosquitoes want: secrets of host attraction (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):90-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*physiology ; Blood ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cues ; Culicidae/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Insect Repellents ; Male ; *Mosquito Control/instrumentation/methods ; *Odors ; Pheromones ; Receptors, Odorant/metabolism ; Sweat ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Covariation of synaptonemal complex length and mammalian meiotic exchange rates (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: Analysis of recombination between loci (linkage analysis) has been a cornerstone of human genetic research, enabling investigators to localize and, ultimately, identify genetic loci. However, despite these efforts little is known about patterns of meiotic exchange in human germ cells or the mechanisms that control these patterns. Using recently developed immunofluorescence methodology to examine exchanges in human spermatocytes, we have identified remarkable variation in the rate of recombination within and among individuals. Subsequent analyses indicate that, in humans and mice, this variation is linked to differences in the length of the synaptonemal complex. Thus, at least in mammals, a physical structure, the synaptonemal complex, reflects genetic rather than physical distance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynn, Audrey -- Koehler, Kara E -- Judis, LuAnn -- Chan, Ernest R -- Cherry, Jonathan P -- Schwartz, Stuart -- Seftel, Allen -- Hunt, Patricia A -- Hassold, Terry J -- HD07518/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21341/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD37502/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2222-5. Epub 2002 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; Chromosomes, Human/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Synaptonemal Complex/*ultrastructure
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    Is schizophrenia linked to chromosome 1q? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macgregor, Stuart -- Visscher, Peter M -- Knott, Sara -- Porteous, David -- Muir, Walter -- Millar, Kirsty -- Blackwood, Douglas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2277; author reply 2277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, Ashworth Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK. stuart.macgregor@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Heterogeneity ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Pedigree ; Schizophrenia/ethnology/*genetics ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 95
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    Retrograde support of neuronal survival without retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Application of nerve growth factor (NGF) covalently cross-linked to beads increased the phosphorylation of TrkA and Akt, but not of mitogen-activated protein kinase, in cultured rat sympathetic neurons. NGF beads or iodine-125-labeled NGF beads supplied to distal axons resulted in the survival of over 80% of the neurons for 30 hours, with little or no retrograde transport of iodine-125-labeled NGF; whereas application of free iodine-125-labeled NGF (0.5 nanograms per milliliter) produced 20-fold more retrograde transport, but only 29% of the neurons survived. Thus, in contrast to widely accepted theory, a neuronal survival signal can reach the cell bodies unaccompanied by the NGF that initiated it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacInnis, Bronwyn L -- Campenot, Robert B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1536-9. Epub 2002 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, 6-14 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Microspheres ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Transport ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion
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  • 96
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    Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an abundant mammalian phagocyte hemoprotein thought to primarily mediate host defense reactions. Although its microbicidal functions are well established in vitro, humans deficient in MPO are not at unusual risk of infection. MPO was observed herein to modulate the vascular signaling and vasodilatory functions of nitric oxide (NO) during acute inflammation. After leukocyte degranulation, MPO localized in and around vascular endothelial cells in a rodent model of acute endotoxemia and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxant responses, to which MPO-deficient mice were resistant. Altered vascular responsiveness was due to catalytic consumption of NO by substrate radicals generated by MPO. Thus MPO can directly modulate vascular inflammatory responses by regulating NO bioavailability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eiserich, Jason P -- Baldus, Stephan -- Brennan, Marie-Luise -- Ma, Wenxin -- Zhang, Chunxiang -- Tousson, Albert -- Castro, Laura -- Lusis, Aldons J -- Nauseef, William M -- White, C Roger -- Freeman, Bruce A -- I01 BX000513/BX/BLRD VA/ -- R01 HL067930/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R03 TW005682/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jpeiserich@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Catalysis ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromans/metabolism/pharmacology ; Coculture Techniques ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology/*physiology ; Endotoxemia/enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Inflammation/*enzymology/physiopathology ; Leukocytes/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidase/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Vasodilation
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    Sex-biased hatching order and adaptive population divergence in a passerine bird (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: Most species of birds can lay only one egg per day until a clutch is complete, and the order in which eggs are laid often has strong and sex-specific effects on offspring growth and survival. In two recently established populations of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) in Montana and Alabama, breeding females simultaneously adjusted the sex and growth of offspring in relation to their position in the laying order, thereby reducing the mortality of sons and daughters by 10 to 20% in both environments. We show experimentally that the reduction in mortality is produced by persistent and sex-specific maternal effects on the growth and morphology of offspring. These strong parental effects may have facilitated the rapid adaptive divergence among populations of house finches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Badyaev, Alexander V -- Hill, Geoffrey E -- Beck, Michelle L -- Dervan, Anne A -- Duckworth, Renee A -- McGraw, Kevin J -- Nolan, Paul M -- Whittingham, Linda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. abadyaev@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alabama ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Montana ; Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Amphibian declines. Conflict brewing over herbicide's link to frog deformities (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):938-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aromatase/metabolism ; Atrazine/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Disorders of Sex Development/*chemically induced ; Herbicides/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Male ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Oocytes ; Population Density ; Rana pipiens/*abnormalities/growth & development/metabolism ; Testis/*abnormalities ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Xenopus laevis/*abnormalities/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Alcohol consumption impairs detection of performance errors in mediofrontal cortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a critical component of the human mediofrontal neural circuit that monitors ongoing processing in the cognitive system for signs of erroneous outcomes. Here, we show that the consumption of alcohol in moderate doses induces a significant deterioration of the ability to detect the activation of erroneous responses as reflected in the amplitude of brain electrical activity associated with the ACC. This impairment was accompanied by failures to instigate performance adjustments after these errors. These findings offer insights into how the effects of alcohol on mediofrontal brain function may result in compromised performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridderinkhof, K Richard -- de Vlugt, Yolande -- Bramlage, Aldo -- Spaan, Marcus -- Elton, Martin -- Snel, Jan -- Band, Guido P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2209-11. Epub 2002 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. richard@psy.uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholic Beverages ; *Cognition ; Double-Blind Method ; Electroencephalography ; Ethanol/administration & dosage ; Evoked Potentials ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychomotor Performance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Severe dopaminergic neurotoxicity in primates after a common recreational dose regimen of MDMA ("ecstasy") (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: The prevailing view is that the popular recreational drug (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or "ecstasy") is a selective serotonin neurotoxin in animals and possibly in humans. Nonhuman primates exposed to several sequential doses of MDMA, a regimen modeled after one used by humans, developed severe brain dopaminergic neurotoxicity, in addition to less pronounced serotonergic neurotoxicity. MDMA neurotoxicity was associated with increased vulnerability to motor dysfunction secondary to dopamine depletion. These results have implications for mechanisms of MDMA neurotoxicity and suggest that recreational MDMA users may unwittingly be putting themselves at risk, either as young adults or later in life, for developing neuropsychiatric disorders related to brain dopamine and/or serotonin deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricaurte, George A -- Yuan, Jie -- Hatzidimitriou, George -- Cord, Branden J -- McCann, Una D -- DA 00206/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 09487/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 10217/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 13790/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 5707/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2260-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Ricaurte@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Axons/drug effects/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Brain/*drug effects/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Female ; Hallucinogens/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*toxicity ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage/adverse ; effects/*toxicity ; Nerve Degeneration ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Papio ; Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced ; Saimiri ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Symporters/metabolism ; Tremor/chemically induced ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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