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  • Immunohistochemistry  (72)
  • gene expression  (65)
  • Springer  (137)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999  (137)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1995  (137)
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  • Springer  (137)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (19)
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  • 1995-1999  (137)
  • 1990-1994
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of gene function inDictyostelium (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 1116-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Antisense RNA ; gene expression ; insertional mutagenesis ; physical mapping ; reporter genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Over the past ten years, powerful molecular genetic techniques have been developed to analyze gene function inDictyostelium. DNA-mediated transformation using a variety of selections and vectors has allowed the introduction of wild-type or modified genes that are under various forms of transcriptional control. Homologous recombination is efficient and can be used to modify the genome in precise ways. In addition, it is now possible to clone genes based on their mutant phenotype alone, either by insertional mutagenesis, or by screening antisense expression cDNA libraries. Finally, a nearly complete physical map of the genome is available and so genes are easily mapped by physical techniques. We discuss many of these advances within the context of major research problems presently under study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01944729
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of metallothionein gene expression in Cd- or Zn-adapted RK-13 cells (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 606-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Metallothionein ; isometallothioneins ; gene expression ; rabbit kidney cell-line ; cadmium adaptation ; zinc adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We explored the molecular genetics underlying the massive induction of isoMTs by Zn2+ or Cd2+ in metal tolerant rabbit kidney (RK-13) sub-line cells, using band shift assays and Southern blotting analysis. In sub-line cells accommodated to intermediate metal concentrations (100 μM Zn2+; 1–20 μM Cd2+) evidence suggested that the increase in the capacity for isoMT synthesis is brought about by an increased binding activity of the nuclear transcription factors MTF-1 and Sp1. Using quantitative band shift analysis with a mouse MRE-d oligonucleotide probe, the binding of both transcription factors was found to be enhanced two to three times over the binding activity measured in the unexposed parental RK-13 cells. Their increase in binding activity is probably the cause of the overexpression of MT genes and the development of metal tolerance in these cells. In cells tolerant to the highest concentrations of metal the analysis of Southern blot signals revealed MT gene amplification to be the most probable cause of the increased MT production. Thus, in cells of sub-lines growing in the presence of 350 μM Zn2+, two of the isoMT genes were coordinately triplicated and in cells tolerant to 150 μM Cd2+ one isoMT gene was amplified two-fold.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02128753
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptidergic innervation of leg muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and a possible role in modulation of muscle contraction (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): FaRPs ; FMRFamide Nervous system Skeletal muscle ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract FMRFamide-related peptides of insects are particularly important because of their possible function as neurohormones and neuromodulators on a wide variety of tissues. Part of this study was an investigation of the immunofluorescent staining of motor nerves which arise in the metathoracic ganglion, examined in wholemount using an antiserum that recognizes extended -RFamide peptides (generally recognized to be of the FMRFamide family). This antiserum revealed immunochemical staining of numerous cell bodies in the metathoracic ganglion and of axons in peripheral nerve 5, a large nerve which contains both motor and sensory fibres. Axons staining positive for FMRFamide-related peptides were traced in nerve 5 as far as the femur-tibia joint, and into the first (sensory-motor) and third (motor only) ramus of nerve 5. Reverse-phase HPLC with radioimmunoassay revealed a peak of FMRFamide-related peptide activity in nerve 5 that was coincident with a peak found when thoracic ganglia were processed in the same fashion. A physiological assay was devised to test the ability of various non-native peptides to alter the characteristics of contraction of skeletal muscles of the legs. Using neurally evoked contractions of coxal depressor muscles of the metathoracic leg it was determined that several non-native peptides could potentiate muscle contractions. The results of this study suggest that muscles of the legs receive innervation by identifiable, FMRFamide-related peptide-containing neurons and that the release of peptide(s) at the muscle may be yet another method of modulating the mechanics of muscle contraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219067
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Octopaminergic neurons in the locust brain: morphological, biochemical and electrophysiological characterisation of potential modulators of the visual system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 611-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207190
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of mRNA for vasoactive intestinal peptide in normal human colon and during inflammation (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 142 (1995), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): vasoactive intestinal peptide ; ulcerative colitis ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The availability of colon provides a ready source of human neurons. Among the products of nerve cell bodies, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuropeptide that serves as a marker of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in colon. These nerves have been proposed to be involved in regulation of immune function, secretion, and smooth muscle function. In previous work, we identified decreased tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in a disorder of chronic colonic mucosal inflammation, ulcerative colitis. We hypothesized that diminished gene expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide could result in decreased tissue levels of this neuropeptide. Sigmoid colon was obtained at surgery from controls (n=6) and patients with ulcerative colitis (n=6). Vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA was quantified by Northern blot hybridization and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide were determined by radioimmunoassay. Tissue vasoactive intestinal peptide was decreased only in the mucosalsubmucosal layer of ulcerative colitis (p=.02). There was a single 1.7 kbase vasoactive intestinal peptide transcript identified in both control colon and ulcerative colitis. Normalized vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA levels were increased by 260% in ulcerative colitis compared to controls (p〈.01). These observations suggest that decreased vasoactive intestinal peptide gene expression or abnormal post-transcriptional processing are not primary defects in this disorder of chronic inflammation. The findings support the alternative hypothesis that axonal degeneration in ulcerative colitis could result in increased expression of neuronal vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928907
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA is elevated by refeeding of fasted rats: Involvement of glucose, insulin and calcium as stimulating factors (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 142 (1995), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; insulin ; calcium ; gene expression ; rat liver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of refeeding on the expression of Ca2+-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in the liver of fasted rats was investigated. When rats were fasted overnight, the hepatic regucalcin mRNA level was reduced about 70% of that in feeding rats. Refeeding produced a remarkable elevation of hepatic regucalcin mRNA level (about 150–170% of fasted rats). Liver regucalcin concentration was appreciably increased by refeeding, although it was not altered by fasting. The oral administration of glucose (2 g/kg body weight) to fasted rats caused a significant increase in hepatic regucalcin mRNA level. Moreover, hepatic regucalcin mRNA level was clearly elevated by a single subcutaneous administration of insulin (10 and 100 U/kg) to fasted rats. The hormonal effect was not further enhanced by the simultaneous administration of calcium chloride (250 mg Ca/kg) to fasted rats, although calcium administration stimulated regucalcin mRNA expression in the liver. The present study suggests that the expression of hepatic regucalcin mRNA stimulated by refeeding is significantly involved in the action of insulin and/or calcium as stimulating factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928911
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Specific species and tissue differences for the gene expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 143 (1995), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; gene expression ; gene distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The existence and expression of gene encoding the Ca2+-binding protein regucalcin in various species and tissues were investigated with Southern and Northern hybridization analyses using regucalcin cDNA (0.9 kb of open reading frame). Genomic Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that regucalcin gene was widely conserved among higher animals including human, monkey, rat, mouse, dog, bovine, rabbit and chicken. The gene was not found in yeast. The Northern blot analysis of poly (A)+RNAs extracted from the liver of various species showed that regucalcin mRNA was predominantly expressed in rat and mouse, although the expression was also seen in human, bovine and chicken. Furthermore, the enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) with rabbit-anti-regucalcin IgG indicated that hepatic regucalcin concentration was most pronounced in rat as compared with that of guinea pig, mouse and chicken. These observations show that the gene expression of regucalcin and its protein synthesis is unique in the liver of rats, suggesting the existence of a specific mechanism in demonstrating regucalcin synthesis from gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00925928
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    17β-Estradiol stimulates the expression of hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 143 (1995), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; estrogen ; gene expression ; rat liver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of nuclear receptor-related hormones on the expression of hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in rats was investigated. The change of regucalcin mRNA levels was analyzed by Northern blotting using liver regucalcin cDNA (0.9 kb of open-reading frame). A single subcutaneons administration of 17β-estradiol (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight) in rats induced a remarkable increase of regucalcin mRNA in liver; the level was about 200% of control at 24 h after the administration of 2.0 mg/kg. The increase showed about 350% even at 6 h after the administration. Meanwhile, hepatic regucalcin mRNA level was not appreciably altered by a single subcutaneous administration of thyroxine (T4) (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) or hydrocortisone (10 and 30 mg/kg) in rats. The present study demonstrates that the expression of hepatic regucalcin mRNA is stimulated by estrogen action in the liver nuclei of rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01816947
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thyroid hormone inhibits fatty acid synthase gene transcription in chicken liver (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 144 (1995), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): fatty acid synthase ; gene expression ; and thyroid hormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on regulation of fatty acid synthase in chicken liver was investigated. In hypothyroid animals, enzyme activity was about one half of that in euthyroid animals. T3 treatment increased the enzyme activity in hypothyroid animals. There is little difference in both the mRNA concentration and the transcription rate between euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. T3 treatment markedly decreased both the mRNA concentration and the transcription rate in euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. These results suggested that T3 maintained the normal level of enzyme expression primarily by stimulating the post-transcriptional step, while the transcription of the gene was inhibited by hyperthyroidism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00944388
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thiol modulation of TNFα and IL-1 induced MnSOD gene expression and activation of NF-κB (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 148 (1995), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): manganese ; superoxide dismutase ; gene expression ; hyperoxide lung injury ; nuclear factor kappa B
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract TNFα and IL-1 each can activate NF-κB and induce gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial matrix enzyme which can provide critical protection against hyperoxic lung injury. The regulation of MnSOD gene expression is not well understood. Since redox status can modulate NF-κB and potential κB site(s) exist in the MnSOD promoter, the effect of thiols (including NAC, DTT and 2-ME) on TNFα and IL-1 induced activation of NF-κB and MnSOD gene expression was investigated. Activation of NF-kB and increased MnSOD expression were potentiated by thiol reducing agents. In contrast, thiol oxidizing or alkylating agents inhibited both NF-κB activation and elevated MnSOD expression in response to TNFα or IL-1. Since protease inhibitors TPCK and TLCK can inhibit NF-κB activation, we also investigated the effect of these compounds on MnSOD expression and NF-κB activation. TPCK and TLCK each inhibited MnSOD gene expression and NF-κB activation. Since the MnSOD promoter also contains anAP-1 binding site, the effect of thiols and thiol modifying agents on AP-1 activation was investigated. Thiols had no consistent effect onAP-1 activation. Likewise, some of the thiol modifying compounds inhibited AP-1 activation by TNFα or IL-1, whereas others did not. Since diverse agents had similar effects on activation of NF-κB and MnSOD gene expression, we have demonstrated that activation of NF-κB and MnSOD gene expression are closely associated and that reduced sulfhydryl groups are required for cytokine mediation of both processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929502
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex of rats: The stimulation by calcium administration (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 146 (1995), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): regucalcin ; calcium-binding protein ; gene expression ; rat kidney cortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex of rats was investigated. The change of regucalcin mRNA levels was analyzed by Northern blotting using liver regucalcin complementary DNA (0.9 kb of open-reading frame). Regucalcin mRNA was expressed in the kidney cortex, and this expression was clearly increased by a single intraperitoneal administration of calcium chloride solution (5–15 mg Ca/100 g body weight) in rats; this increase was remarkable at 60–120 min after the administration. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) caused a slight decrease of regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex. However, the administration of calcium (10 mg/100 g) in TPTX rats produced a clear increase of regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex. The subcutaneous administration of calcitonin (10–100 MRC mU/100 g) or parathyroid hormone [1–34] (1–10 U/100 g) in TPTX rats which received calcium (10 mg/100 g) administration did not cause an appreciable alteration of regucalcin mRNA levels in the kidney cortex, suggesting that the mRNA expression is not stimulated by calcium-regulating hormones. The administration of trifluoperazine (TFP; 5 mg/100 g), an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin action, completely blocked the expression of regucalcin mRNA stimulated by calcium administration. Now, calcium content in the kidney cortex was significantly elevated by a single intraperitpneal administration of calcium (10 mg/100 g) in rats. The present study clearly demonstrates that the expression of regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex is stimulated by calcium administration in rats. This expression may be mediated through Ca2+/calmodulin action in the kidney cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926884
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppressed expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in the renal cortex of rats with chemically induced kidney damage (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 151 (1995), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): regucalcin ; calcium ; gene expression ; kidney damage ; rat kidney cortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The alteration of Ca2+-binding protein regucalcin mRNA expression in the kidney cortex of rats administered cisplatin and cephaloridine, which can induce kidney damage, was investigated. Cisplatin (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/100 g body weight) or cephaloridine (25, 50 and 100 mg/100 g) was intraperitoneally administered in rats, and 1, 2 and 3 days later they were sacrificed. The alteration in serum findings after the administration of cisplatin (1.0 mg/100 g) or cephaloridine (50 and 100 mg/100 g) demonstrated chemically induced kidney damage; blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration increased markedly and serum inorganic phosphorus or calcium concentration decreased significantly. Moreover, the administration of cisplatin (1.0 mg/100 g) or cephaloridine (100 mg/100 g) caused a remarkable increase of calcium content in the kidney cortex of rats, indicating kidney damage. The expression of regucalcin mRNA in the kidney cortex was markedly reduced by the administration of cisplatin or cephaloridine in rats, when the mRNA levels were analyzed by Northern blotting using rat liver regucalcin cDNA (0.9 kb). The mRNA decreases were seen with the used lowest dose of cisplatin or cephaloridine. The present study clearly demonstrates that the mRNA expression of Ca2+-binding protein regucalcin in the kidney cortex of rats is decreased by chemically induced kidney damage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076896
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular remodelling in hypertrophied hearts from polyomavirus large T-antigen transgenic mice (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 152 (1995), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; mRNA ; proto-oncogenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Polyomavirus large T-antigen transgenic mice develop cardiac hypertrophy characterized by an increase in atrial natriuretic factor and β-myosin heavy chain isoform expression. The aim of this study was to examine changes in proto-oncogene expression in hypertrophied hearts from the transgenic mice. Expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) mRNA was detected in hearts from all 15 transgenic mice, but was not detectable in 13 control mice. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments usingEgr-1-specific primers confirmed the increase inEgr-1 mRNA in enlarged hearts from the transgenic mice. Expression of c-jun,junD and Ha-ras mRNAs was increased in the transgenic hearts 3, 17 and 2.8-fold, respectively. Western blots showed an increase in c-myc, c-jun and ras protein in hypertrophied transgenic hearts. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed an increase in Egr-1 and c-jun protein in transgenic cardiomyocytes. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-ras and HSP 90 mRNAs were decreased 22, 2.7 and 3-fold, respectively in the transgenic hearts. Not altered in most hypertrophied hearts was expression of c-fos, junB, p53, c-neu, c-myc, HSP70, HSP27, TGF-β or IGF-1 mRNAs. Proto-oncogene and growth factor gene expression in hypertrophy induced by PVLT expression is modulated, with some proto-oncogenes increased and others decreased in expression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076075
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural organization and differential expression of carrot β-fructofuranosidase genes: identification of a gene coding for a flower bud-specific isozyme (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): β-fructofuranosidase ; invertase ; gene expression ; gene structure ; flower buds ; Daucus carota
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three genomic clones (Inv *Dc1, Inv *Dc2 and Inv *Dc3) were isolated by using the cDNA for carrot cell wall β-fructofuranosidase as a probe. The expression patterns of the three genes differed markedly. High levels of Inv *Dc1 transcripts were found in leaves and roots of young carrot, whereas in plants with developing tap roots no transcripts were detected. A high level of mRNA of Inv *Dc1 was also present in suspension-cultured cells. In developing reproductive organs, only low levels of transcripts of Inv *Dc1 were found in flower buds and flowers and none at later stages of development. In contrast, Inv *Dc2 and Inv *Dc3 were not expressed in vegetative plant organs. Invb1 *Dc1 was exclusively and strongly expressed in flower buds, and Inv *Dc3 at a very low level in suspension-cultured cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042049
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High levels of ripening-specific reporter gene expression directed by tomato fruit polygalacturonase gene-flanking regions (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 423-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): fruit ; gene expression ; promoter ; ripening ; tomato ; transgenic plant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The 1.4 kb 5′ polygalacturonase (PG) gene-flanking region has previously been demonstrated to direct ripening-specific chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) expression in transgenic tomato plants. The steady state level of CAT mRNA in these plants was estimated to be less than 1% of the endogenous PG mRNA. Further constructs containing larger PG gene-flanking regions were generated and tested for their ability to direct higher levels of reporter gene expression. A 4.8 kb 5′-flanking region greatly increased levels of ripening-specific reporter gene activity, while a 1.8 kb 3′ region was only shown to have a positive regulatory role in the presence of the extended 5′ region. Transgenic plants containing the CAT gene flanked by both of these regions showed the same temporal pattern of accumulation of CAT and PG mRNA, and steady-state levels of the transgene mRNA were equivalent to 60% of the endogenous PG mRNA on a per gene basis. The proximal 150 bp of the PG promoter gave no detectable CAT activity. However, the distal 3.4 kb of the 4.8 kb 5′ PG promoter was shown to confer high levels of ripening-specific gene expression when placed in either orientation upstream of the 150 bp minimal promoter. The DNA sequence of the 3.4 kb region revealed a 400 bp imperfect reverse repeat, and sequences which showed similarity to functionally significant sequences from the ripening-related, ethylene-regulated tomato E8 and E4 gene promoters. The possible roles of the flanking regions in regulating PG gene expression are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020391
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organization, inheritance and expression of acetohydroxyacid synthase genes in the cotton allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): acetohydroxyacid synthase ; gene organization ; gene expression ; herbicide resistance ; cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene family of the cotton AD allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum has been cloned and characterized. We have identified six different AHAS genes from an analysis of genomic clones and Southern blots of genomic DNA. Four of the six genes are organized as tandem pairs, in which the genes are separated by only 2–3 kb. Conservation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms between G. hirsutum and A-genome and D-genome-containing diploid cottons was sufficient to assign the single genes in clones A5 and A19 to the A and D subgenomes, respectively. Each diploid genome has one tandem pair, but in these cases we could not make specific subgenomic assignments. DNA and deduced amino acid sequences were determined for the A5 and A19 genes, and an AHAS cDNA clone isolated from a leaflibrary. The sequence of the A19 gene matches that of the cDNA clone, while the A5 gene is 97.8% similar. The four genes comprising the tandem pairs are much less similar to the cDNA clone. The deduced amino acid sequences of the mature polypeptides encoded by the A5 and A19 genes are collinear with the housekeeping forms of AHAS from Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Brassica napus. The constitutive expression of A5 and A19 was confirmed with RNase protection assays and northern blots. We conclude that these genes encode the main house-keeping froms of AHAS in G. hirsutum. Among the four AHAS genes comprising the two tandem pairs, at least two are functional. These genes exhibit either low-level constitutive expression (one or both of the ‘downstream’ genes of each pair), or highly specific expression in reproductive tissue (one or both of the ‘upstream’ genes of each pair). The AHAS gene family of G. hirsutum is more complex than that of other plants so far examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042069
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of cDNA clones of genes with altered expression levels in phosphate-starved Brassica nigra suspension cells (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 859-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica ; phosphate starvation ; gene expression ; β-glucosidase ; mineral nutrition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Differential gene expression at the transcriptional level was examined as an initial step in the investigation of the Pi starvation response of Brassica nigra suspension cells. Total RNA was extracted from 7-day old cells grown in media containing either no Pi, 1.25 mM or 10 mM Pi., In vitro translation was carried out using their respective poly(A)+ RNA isolates and the resultant polypeptides were separated on a high-resolution SDS-PAGE gel. Scanning densitometry identified four polypeptides (ca. 31.7, 32.3, 52.5 and 64.8 kDa) present only in the Pi-starved samples. Screening by differential hybridization was performed on a cDNA library constructed from mRNA isolated from Pi-starved cells. Probes prepared from mRNA from Pi-deficient and Pi-sufficient cells identified a number of clones representing mRNA species that were preferentially transcribed under Pi deficiency. These phosphate starvation-responsive (psr) clones were placed into eleven groups as determined by cross-hybridization. Northern blots showed that the corresponding genes are inducible in both mild and severe Pi starvation conditions. Preliminary sequencing identified one of the clones as being homologous to β-glucosidases from several plant species. The possible role of β-glucosidase during Pi starvation and the identities of the other psr genes are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042071
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning of two tandemly arranged peroxidase genes from Populus kitakamiensis and their differential regulation in the stem (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 677-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): linked gene ; gene expression ; peroxidase ; Populus kitakamiensis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A genomic library was prepared from Populus kitakamiensis and screened with the cDNA for an anionic peroxidase from P. kitakamiensis. One genomic clone was isolated that contained two tandemly oriented genes for anionic peroxidases, prxA3a and prxA4a. Both genes consisted of four exons and three introns; the introns had consensus nucleotides, namely, GT and AG, at their 5′ and 3′ ends, respectively. The prxA3a and prxA4a genes encoded 347 and 343 amino acid residues, respectively, including putative signal sequences at the amino-termini. Putative promoters and polyadenylation signals were found in the flanking regions of both genes. The sequence of the coding region of prxA3a was completely identical to that of the cDNA clone pA3, whereas the sequence of the coding region of prxA4a was only 73% identical to that of the cDNA clone pA3. Northern blot analysis showed that the patterns of expression of the mRNAs that corresponded to prxA3a and prxA4a differed in stems of P. kitakamiensis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021193
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae) imposes regulation at several anatomical levels during inflorescence development on the gene for dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 935-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): anthocyanin ; Compositae ; corolla ; dfr ; flower development ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the ornamental cut flower plant Gerbera hybrida the spatial distribution of regulatory molecules characteristic of differentiation of the composite inflorescence is visualized as the various patterns of anthocyanin pigmentation of different varieties. In order to identify genes that the plant can regulate according to these anatomical patterns, we have analysed gene expression affecting two enzymatic steps, chalcone synthase (CHS) and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), in five gerbera varieties with spatially restricted anthocyanin pigmentation patterns. The dfr expression profiles vary at the levels of floral organ, flower type and region within corolla during inflorescence development according to the anthocyanin pigmentation of the cultivars. In contrast, chs expression, although regulated in a tissue-specific manner during inflorescence development, varies only occasionally. The variation in the dfr expression profiles between the varieties reveals spatially specific gene regulation that senses the differentiation events characteristic of the composite inflorescence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042077
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytoplasmic HSP70 homologues of pea: differential expression in vegetative and embryonic organs (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 441-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): HSP70 ; HSC70 ; seed development ; imbibition ; chaperone ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Eukaryotes express several cytoplasmic HSP70 genes, and their encoded proteins participate in diverse cellular processes. Three cDNAs encoding highly expressed cytoplasmic HSP70 homologues from Pisum sativum were cloned and characterized. They were designated PsHSP71.2, PsHSC71.0, and PsHSP70b. These HSP70 genes have different expression profiles in leaves: PsHSP71.2 is observed only in response to heat stress, PsHSC71.0 is present constitutively, and PsHSP70b is weakly constitutively expressed, but induced strongly in response to heat stress. In addition to being heat induced, the PsHSP71.2 mRNA is also expressed in zygotic, but not maternal organs of developing pea seeds, while PsHSC71.0 and PsHSP70b mRNAs are present in maternal and zygotic organs throughout seed development. Immunoblot analysis of parallel protein samples detects a 70 kDa polypeptide in all samples, and a 72 kDa polypeptide that corresponds to the PsHSP71.2 gene product is observed in cotyledons beginning at mid-maturation and in axes beginning between late maturation and desiccation. This polypeptide is not detected in the seed coat. The 72 kDa polypeptide remains abundant in both cotyledons and axes through germination, but declines substantially between 48 and 72 h after the onset of imbibition. Differential control of HSP70 expression during heat stress, seed maturation, and germination is consistent with the hypothesis that there are functional distinctions between cytoplasmic HSP70s.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019312
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The isocitrate lyase gene of cucumber: Isolation, characterisation and expression in cotyledons following seed germination (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 487-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Cucumis sativus ; gene expression ; glyoxylate cycle ; glyoxysome ; isocitrate lyase ; seed germination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genome contains only a single gene encoding the glyoxylate cycle enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL). The cucumber icl gene has been isolated and sequenced, revealing only two small introns. The predicted amino acid sequence is more than 85% identical to ICL from other higher plants, and contains the C-terminal tripeptide Ser-Arg-Met which resembles a peroxisomal targeting sequence. The icl gene is coordinately expressed with the malate synthase (ms) gene after seed germination in both the light and the dark, suggesting that these genes may contain similar DNA elements regulating transcription. The start of transcription of the icl gene was determined and the DNA sequences upstream compared with the region of the ms gene promoter known to regulate transcription. This comparison revealed a highly conserved DNA sequence at similar positions in each gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019316
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of a full-length mitotic cyclin cDNA clone CycIIIMs from Medicago sativa: Chromosomal mapping and expression (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1059-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Alfalfa ; cell division cycle ; chromosomal location ; cyclin ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cyclins in association with the protein kinase p34cdc2and related cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) are key regulatory elements in controlling the cell division cycle. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a full-length cDNA clone of alfalfa mitotic cyclin, termed CycIIIMs. Computer analysis of known plant cyclin gene sequences revealed that this cyclin belongs to the same structural group as the other known partial alfalfa cyclin sequences. Genetic segregation analysis based on DNA-DNA hybridization data showed that the CycIIIMs gene(s) locates in a single chromosomal region on linkage group 5 of the alfalfa genetic map between RFLP markers UO89A and CG13. The assignment of this cyclin to the mitotic cyclin class was based on its cDNA-derived sequence and its differential expression during G2/M cell cycle phase transition of a partially synchronized alfalfa cell culture. Sequence analysis indicated common motifs with both the A- and B-types of mitotic cyclins similarly to the newly described B3-type of animal cyclins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020880
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning and expression analysis of peroxidase genes from wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 647-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; peroxidase ; powdery mildew ; splicing ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A PCR-based screening approach was used to isolate genomic clones from wheat encoding peroxidase isozymes. Three complete genes (pox1, pox2 and pox4) and one truncated gene (pox3) were characterized. The nucleotide sequences predicted mature proteins of 31 kDa, in which all the highly conserved motifs of secreted plant peroxidases were preserved. The coding regions showed 73–83% DNA sequence identity, with the highest level of similarity noted for the tandemly oriented pox2 and pox3. Expression of respective pox genes in various tissues of wheat was assessed by the RT-PCR technique, which showed that all four genes are active. The primary pox1 mRNA was spliced to remove three introns, whereas processing of the other pox transcripts involved only two intervening sequences. Splicing occurred at consensus GU/AG splice sites except for the first introns of pox1, pox2 and pox4 transcripts, where processing took place at unusual GC donor sites. The RNA analysis suggested that the pox1, pox2 and pox4 genes are predominantly expressed in roots. Lower levels of expression were found for pox4 and pox3 in leaves. Infection of wheat by the powdery mildew fungus selectively induced expression of pox2 in leaves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041156
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A non-photosynthetic ferredoxin gene is induced by ethylene in Citrus organs (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 1211-1221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ferredoxin ; Citrus ; ethylene ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The sequence and expression of mRNA homologous to a cDNA encoding a non-photosynthetic ferredoxin (Fd1) from Citrus fruit was investigated. The non-photosynthetic nature of this ferredoxin was deduced from: (1) amino acid sequence alignments showing better scores with non-photosynthetic than with photosynthetic ferredoxins, (2) higher expression in tissues containing plastids other than chloroplast such as petals, young fruits, roots and peel of fully coloured fruits, and (3) the absence of light-dark regulation characteristic of photosynthetic ferredoxins. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with higher-plant ferredoxins, Citrus fruit ferredoxin clustered together with root ferredoxins and separated from the photosynthetic ferredoxins. Non photosynthetic (root and fruit) ferredoxins, but not the photosynthetic ferredoxins, have their closest homologs in cyanobacteria. Analysis of ferredoxin genomic organization suggested that non-photosynthetic ferredoxins exist in Citrus as a small gene family. Expression of Fd1 is developmentally regulated during flower opening and fruit maturation, both processes may be mediated by ethylene in Citrus. Exogenous ethylene application also induced the expression of Fd1 both in flavedo and leaves. The induction of non-photosynthetic ferredoxins could be related with the demand for reducing power in non-green, but biosynthetically active, tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020463
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of matrix attached regions (MAR) and specialized chromatin structure (SCS) on the expression of gene constructs in cultured cells and in transgenic mice (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 22 (1995), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Schlagwort(e): MAR ; SCS ; insulation ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The flanking sequences of several genes have been shown to direct a position independent expression of transgenes. Attempts to completely identify the insulating sequences have failed so far. Some of these sequences contain a matrix attached region (MAR) located in the flanking part of the genes. This article will show that the MARs in cultured cells located in the 3' OH region of the human apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100) and within the SV40 genome were unable to stimulate and insulate transgene expression directed by the promoters from a rabbit whey acidic protein (WAP) gene or from human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) early genes. In transgenic mice, the MAR from the Apo B100 and SV40 genes did not enhance the expression of a transgene containing the rabbit whey acid protein (WAP) promotor, the late gene SV40 intron (VP1 intron), the bovine growth hormone (bGH) cDNA and the SV40 late gene terminator. This construct was even toxic for embryos. Similarly, the specialized chromatin structure (SCS) from the Drosophila 87A7 HSP70 gene reduced chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity when added between a cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer and a Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK) gene promoter. This inhibitory action was almost complete when a second SCS sequence was added before the CMV enhancer. Sequences from the firefly luciferase and from the human gene cathepsin D cDNA used as control unexpectedly showed a similar inhibitory effect when added to the CMVTKCAT construct instead of SCS. When added before the CMV enhancer and after the transcription terminator in the CMVTKCAT construct, the SCS sequence was unable to insulate the integrated gene as seen by the fact that the level of CAT in cell extracts were by no means correlated with the number of copies in individual clones. From these data, it is concluded that i) a MAR containing the canonical AT rich sequences does not amplify the expression of all gene constructs ii) AT rich MAR sequences do not have per se an insulating effect iii) Drosophila SCS from the 87A7 HSP70 gene has no insulating effect in all gene constructs (at least in mammalian cells) iv) and the addition of a DNA fragment between an enhancer and a promoter in a gene construct cannot be used as a reliable test to evaluate its insulating property.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996303
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A homologue of the MAP/ERK family of protein kinase genes is expressed in vegetative and in female reproductive organs of Petunia hybrida (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; embryo sac ; ovule ; Petunia hybrida ; protein ; kinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway of eukaryotes is stimulated by many growth factors and is required for the integration of multiple cellular signals. In order to study the function of MAP kinases during plant ovule development we have synthesized a Petunia hybrida ovule-specific cDNA library and screened for MAP protein kinase-related sequences using a DNA probe obtained by PCR. A full-length cDNA clone was identified (PMEK for Petunia hybrida MAP/ERK-related protein kinase) and shown to encode a protein related to the family of MAP/ERK protein kinases. Southern blot analysis showed that PMEK is a member of a small multigene family in P. hybrida. The cDNA codes for a protein (PMEK1) of 44.4 kDa with an overall sequence identity of 44% to the products of the mammalian ERK/MAP kinase gene, and the budding yeast KSS1 and FUS3 genes. PMEK1 displays 96 and 80% identity respectively with the tobacco NTF3 and Arabidopsis ATMPK1 kinases, and only 50% to the more distantly related plant MAP kinase MsERK1 from alfalfa. The two phosphorylation sites found in the loop between subdomain VII and VIII in all the other MAP kinases are also present in PMEK1. RNA gel blot and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that PMEK1 is expressed in vegetative organs and preferentially accumulated in female reproductive organs of P. hybrida. In situ hybridization experiments showed that in the reproductive organs PMEK1 is expressed only in the ovary and not in the stamen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020188
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and expression analysis of cDNA clones encoding a small and a large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from sugar beet (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (small and large subunit) ; DNA sequence ; gene expression ; starch synthesis ; sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The cDNA cloning of a small and a large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) from sugar beet is reported. The deduced amino acid sequences are highly homologous to previously identified AGPase polypeptides from other plant species. Both subunits are encoded by low copy genes. When RNA gel blot experiments were performed, strongest expression was detected in sink and source leaves of greenhouse-grown sugar beet plants. A lower expression was found in other tissues tested, i.e. in the hypocotyl, the tap root and roots. In these tissues, slightly higher transcript levels were found for the small subunit gene than for the large subunit gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019190
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in barley in response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): glycine betaine ; betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase ; osmotic stress ; gene expression ; plant hormone ; abscisic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract When subjected to salt stress or drought, some vascular plants such as barley respond with an increased accumulation of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (betaine), being the last step of betaine synthesis catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). We report here cloning and characterization of BADH cDNA from barley, a monocot, and the expression pattern of a BADH transcript. An open reading frame of 1515 bp encoded a protein which showed high homology to BADH enzymes present in other plants (spinach and sugar-beet) and in Escherichia coli. Transgenic tobacco plants harboring the clone expressed high levels of both BADH protein and its enzymatic activity. Northern blot analyses indicated that BADH mRNA levels increased almost 8-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in leaves and roots of barley plants grown in high-salt conditions, and that these levels decreased upon release of the stress, whereas they did not decrease under continuous salt stress. BADH transcripts also accumulate in response to water stress or drought, indicating a common response of the plant to osmotic changes that affect its water status. The addition of abscisic acid (ABA) to plants during growth also increased the levels of BADH transcripts dramatically, although the response was delayed when compared to that found for salt-stressed plants. Removal of plant roots before transferring the plants to high-salt conditions reduced only slightly the accumulation of BADH transcripts in the leaves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020185
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Loss of chloroplast transcripts for proteins associated with photosystem II: an early event during heat-bleaching in Euglena gracilis (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplasts ; gene expression ; heat bleaching ; photosynthesis ; transcription
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A shift in the ratio of chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b is an early indicator of heat bleaching in Euglena gracilis. This observation prompted us to consider whether or not changes in steady-state levels of chloroplast transcripts and in transcriptional activity could limit the synthesis of Chl a-binding proteins in bleaching plastids. We found that the mature transcripts for CP47 and CP43, the Chl a-binding apoproteins of the proximal antenna of photosystem II, decline sharply very early during bleaching. Our study also shows that transcription of psbB and psbC, the chloroplast genes encoding CP47 and CP43, remains essentially unchanged during the same interval. We conclude that posttranscriptional events, such as mRNA stability, could play a major role in initiating an irreversible loss of chloroplast function in Euglena at a moderately elevated temperature. Lack of these transcripts would eventually impair the assembly of photosystem II in thylakoids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020186
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential expression of two barley SNF1-related protein kinase genes (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1235-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; gene family ; higher plants ; Hordeum vulgare ; metabolic regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have amplified and cloned DNA sequences derived from a gene encoding a SNF1 (sucrose-non-fermenting 1)-related protein kinase which differs from that previously reported from barley. Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of RNA populations, using specific probes and oligonucleotide primers, indicated that the two SNF1-related genes are differentially regulated. One is expressed in all tissues, whereas the other is expressed at high levels in the seed endosperm and aleurone, but at levels undetectable by northern blot analysis in other tissues. Comparisons with other plant SNF1-related protein kinase genes suggest that the form which is expressed at greatly enhanced levels in the seed is less similar to the other plant homologues which have been reported and may be unique to cereals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020898
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for some common signal transduction events for opposite regulation of nitrate reductase and phytochrome-I gene expression by light (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; light regulation ; nitrate reductase ; phytochrome ; signal transduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have explored the possible involvement of the phosphoinositide (PI) cycle and protein kinase C (PKC) in the phytochrome (Pfr)-mediated light signal transduction pathway using nitrate reductase (NR) and phytochrome-I (PhyI) genes as model systems. We have shown earlier that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) completely replaces the red light effect in stimulating nitrate reductase activity and transcript levels in maize. In this paper, we present detailed evidence to show that PMA mimics the red light effect and follows similar kinetics to enhance NR steady-state transcript accumulation in a nitrate-dependent manner. We also show that PMA inhibits phyI steady-state transcript accumulation in a manner similar to red light, indicating that a PKC-type enzyme(s) may be involved in mediating the light effect in both cases. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a stimulator of PI turnover, was also found to mimic the red light effect in enhancing NR transcript levels and inhibiting phyI transcript accumulation, indicating the role of the PI cycle in generating second messengers for regulating the two genes. These results indicate that phytochrome-mediated light regulation of NR and phyI gene expression may involve certain common steps in the signal transduction pathway such as the PI cycle and protein phosphorylation by a PKC-type enzyme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019116
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Promoter analysis of the auxin-regulated tobacco glutathione S-transferase genes Nt103-1 and Nt103-35 (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 413-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): auxin ; DNA binding factor ; gene expression ; glutathione S-transferase ; Nicotiana tabacum ; signal transduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have analysed the promoter regions of two closely related auxin-regulated glutathione S-transferase genes. All active deletion constructs tested showed expression of the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (gusA) in root tips of young seedlings and newly developing lateral roots. Auxin treatment greatly enhanced the level of expression. The Nt103-1 promoter region −370/−276 was found to be necessary, at least as a quantitative element to confer auxin-responsiveness to a reporter gene, and sequences responsible for the auxin-responsiveness must be located downstream of −370. The region −651/−370 contains sequence information necessary for uninduced expression. The Nt103-35 promoter manifested its auxin-responsiveness within the −504/−310 region. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, using nuclear extracts from tobacco leaves and suspension cells, identified a factor binding to a sequence (ap103, TGAGTCT) at position −560 of the Nt103-1 promoter, which shows homology to the mammalian AP-1 site. A second factor was found to bind a sequence (as103, ATAGCTAAGTGCTTACG) with homology to the CaMV 35S promoter as-1 element. The as103 element is present in both promoters and positioned around −360, so within the region determined to be indispensable for the response to auxin. A third factor was found binding to the −276/−190 region of both promoters. Combined, these data point to the relevance of a 90 bp region for auxin-induced activity of both tobacco genes. The ASF-1 like factor binding to the as103 element within this region might be involved in mediating the auxin response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020974
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A role for glutamate decarboxylase during tomato ripening: the characterisation of a cDNA encoding a putative glutamate decarboxylase with a calmodulin-binding site (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1143-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): differential screening ; gene expression ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; rin ; ripening inhibitor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A tomato fruit cDNA library was differentially screened to identify mRNAs present at higher levels in fruit of the tomato ripening mutant rin (ripening inhibitor). Complete sequencing of a unique clone ERT D1 revealed an open reading frame with homology to several glutamate decarboxylases. The deduced polypeptide sequence has 80% overall amino acid sequence similarity to a Petunia hybrida glutamate decarboxylase (petGAD) which carries a calmodulin-binding site at its carboxyl terminus and ERT D1 appears to have a similar domain. ERT D1 mRNA levels peaked at the first visible sign of fruit colour change during normal tomato ripening and then declined, whereas in fruit of the ripening impaired mutant, rin, accumulation of this mRNA continued until at least 14 days after the onset of ripening. This mRNA was present at much lower levels in other tissues, such as leaves, roots and stem, and was not increased by wounding. Possible roles for GAD, and its product γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in fruit, are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020887
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterisation of a melon cDNA clone encoding phytoene synthase (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1153-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): carotenoids ; cleavage site ; gene expression ; melon ; phytoene synthase ; ripening
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone (MEL5), encoding a protein homologous to phytoene synthase (PSY), has been isolated from a climacteric melon fruit cDNA library, using the tomato cDNA clone TOM5 [34] as a heterologous probe. MEL5 hybridised to a transcript of 1.65 kb which suggested that the 1.36 kb clone, isolated originally, was not full-length. The missing 5′ end was isolated by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based method. This enabled the full sequence of the protein to be deduced and the cleavage site of the transit peptide for chromoplast import to be predicted. Northern analysis of RNA extracted from fruit samples of different ripening stages as well as from roots, leaves and flower petals was used to examine the expression pattern of the corresponding mRNA. The transcript corresponding to MEL5 is present at low quantities in unripe (green) fruit, reaches its highest levels when the fruit turns from green to orange and persists at lower levels during later ripening stages. A similar transcript was also detected in flower petals and in trace amounts in leaves and roots. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that the clone is homologous to a low-copy-number gene family. Sequence analysis showed a high degree of conservation among plant PSYs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020888
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An unusual Group 2 LEA gene family in citrus responsive to low temperature (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 11-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): drought ; flooding ; freezing tolerance ; gene expression ; salt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Six cDNAs representing unique cold-induced sequences have been cloned from the hardy citrus relative Poncirus trifoliata. Among these, pBCORc115 and pBCORc119 were found to belong to the same gene family. Sequencing data indicated that pBCORc115 and pBCORc119 each contained an open reading frame, coding for a 19.8 kDa protein (COR19) and a smaller 11.4 kDa protein (COR11) respectively. Inspection of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed three large repeats in COR19, but only one was present in the COR11. Two elements: a Q-clustered tract and a K-rich motif were identified in each repeat. The K-rich motifs were similar to those of cotton D-11 and Group 2 LEA proteins. A Serine-cluster, a common feature in many Group 2 LEA-like proteins, was also found in these proteins, but it was in an unusual position at the carboxy-terminus. A bipartite motif of basic residues, similar to known nuclear targeting sequences, was also present in COR19 and COR11, suggesting that members of this protein family may have a nuclear targeting function. The expression of COR19 mRNA in response to cold acclimation, drought, flooding, and salinization was examined. COR19 expression in leaf tissue was induced in response to cold acclimation, but repressed during drought and flooding stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019115
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Abundance and half-life of the distinct oat phytochrome A3 and A4 mRNAs (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 367-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Avena sativa ; gene expression ; PHYA ; light regulation ; mRNA degradation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Gene-preferential oligonucleotide probes were used to determined the relative abundance and half-lives of distinct oat phytochrome A (PHYA) mRNAs. Oat PHYA mRNAs are highly conserved in the 5′-untranslated region and the coding region, but the 3′-untranslated region has an overall lower sequence conservation and was the source of gene-preferential probes. PHYA3 mRNA was estimated to be ca. 61% of the oat PHYA mRNA pool present in poly(A)+ RNA from dark-grown seedlings. The half-lives for PHYA3 and PHYA4 mRNAs were both estimated to be ca. 30 min, and a similar short half-life was estimated for the average PHYA mRNA. Sequence comparisons of PHYA mRNAs from four grass species identified conserved sequences within the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions that might be important for PHYA mRNA degradation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043659
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of arabidopsis cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene in response to ozone or sulfur dioxide (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 479-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Ascorbate peroxidase ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; gene expression ; guaiacol peroxidase ; ozone ; sulfur dioxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of ozone or sulfur dioxide on antioxidant enzymes were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants were fumigated with 0.1–0.15 ppm ozone or sulfur dioxide up to about 1 week in an environment-controlled chamber. Both pollutants increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol per-oxidase in leaves, but had little effect on the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase or glutathione reductase. Ozone was more effective than sulfur dioxide in increasing the activities of the peroxidases. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased 1.8-fold without a lag period during fumigation with 0.1 ppm ozone, while guaiacol peroxidase activity increased 4.4-fold with a 1-day lag. Expression of the APX1 gene encoding cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase was further investigated. Its protein levels in leaves exposed to 0.1 ppm ozone for 4 or 8 days were 1.5-fold higher than in controls. Both ozone and sulfur dioxide elevated APX1 mRNA levels in leaves at 4 and 7 days, whereas at 1 day only ozone was effective. The induction of APX1 mRNA levels by ozone (3.4- to 4.1-fold) was more prominent than that by sulfur dioxide (1.6-to 2.6-fold). The APX1 mRNA level increased by day and decreased by night. Exposure of plants to 0.1 ppm ozone enhanced the APX1 mRNA level within 3 h, which showed a diurnal rhythm similar to that of the control. These results demonstrate that near-ambient concentrations of ozone as well as similar concentrations of sulfur dioxide can induce APX1 gene expression in A. thaliana.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020979
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning and characterization of differentially expressed genes in imbibed dormant and afterripened Avena fatua embryos (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 823-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): afterripening ; aldose reductase ; Avena fatua ; gene expression ; LEA ; seed dormancy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract To analyze the patterns of gene expression associated with seed dormancy in wild oat (Avena fatua), we have isolated cDNA clones corresponding to genes that are differentially expressed in dormant and afterripened line M73 embryos. Gene transcripts of these clones were maintained in embryos of imbibed dormant caryopses, but declined rapidly in afterripened embryos after imbibition. GA3 treatment of dormant caryopses, which breaks dormancy, could lower the transcript levels in dormant embryos. When the germination of afterripened caryopses was inhibited by high temperature (35 °C), the decline in abundance of the transcripts in afterripened embryos was arrested. These genes were expressed to various degrees in water-stressed, but not in unstressed, 7-day-old seedlings. The expression of the genes was also ABA-inducible in afterripened embryos. The expression patterns in non-dormant line SH430 wild oat were similar to those of afterripened M73. DNA sequence analyses indicated that some of the cDNA clones encode LEA (late embryogenesis-abundant) proteins and aldose reductase. The significance of the expression of these genes in maintaining seed dormancy or longevity is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041171
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning and characterization of six cDNAs expressed during glucose starvation in excised maize (Zea mays L.) root tips (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 473-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): carbon catabolite repression ; cDNA ; gene expression ; stress-induced genes ; glucose-starvation ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In order to isolate glucose-starvation-related cDNAs in maize (Zea mays L.) root tips, a cDNA library was constructed with poly(A)+ mRNA from 24 h starved root tips. After differential screening of the library, we isolated six different cDNAs (named pZSS2 and pZSS7) which were expressed during glucose starvation. Time course analysis revealed that maximum expression of five of these genes occurs 30 h after the onset of the starvation treatment. On the contrary, the expression of mRNAs corresponding to pZSS4 was maximal at an early stage of starvation and then dramatically decreased. The expression of this gene did not seem to be specific for glucose starvation. The pattern of induction of the genes corresponding to pZSS2, pZSS3, pZSS5, pZSS6 and pZSS7 revealed that non-metabolizable sugars such as L-glucose and mannitol induce mRNA transcription similarly to glucose starvation. When D-glucose or any other metabolizable sugar was supplied, the level of transcripts was reduced. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the six cDNAs allowed identification of five of them by comparison with sequence data bases. The protein encoded by clone pZSS2 is analogous to a wound-induced protein from barley. Clones pZSS4 to pZSS7 encode, respectively, a transmembrane protein, a cysteine protease, a metallothionein-like protein and a chymotrypsin/subtilisin-like protease inhibitor. Clone pZSS3 shares no significant homology with any known sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020395
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cloning of a tomato polygalacturonase expressed in abscission (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 647-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): abscission ; gene expression ; polygalacturonase ; ethylene ; auxin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Abscission, organ separation, is accompanied by cell wall breakdown in separation layer cells. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), ethylene-induced abscission is correlated with an increase in polygalacturonase (PG) and endo-β-1,4-D-glucanase (cellulase) activity. We have identified a putative, abscission-specific cDNA clone for PG, pTAPG1. The TAPG1 cDNA has 43% identity at the amino acid level with the tomato fruit PG. Genomic blot analysis suggests that the gene for TAPG1 is a member of a small subfamily of PG genes that is distinct from the tomato fruit PG. The TAPG1 cDNA hybridizes to mRNA expressed during the course of ethylene-induced leaf and flower abscission. A high level of PG transcript accumulation coincides with the occurrence of abscission. Auxin, an abscission inhibitor, and silver thiosulfate, an ethylene action inhibitor, suppressed accumulation of mRNA in leaf abscission zones complementary to the TAPG1 cDNA. Expression of TAPG1 transcripts is several-fold higher in flower abscission zones than in leaf abscission zones. The identification of cDNAs that encode abscission-specific PG provide and additional tool to study the regulation of abscission and cell wall dissolution in separation layer cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021190
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intron-dependent transient expression of the maize GapA1 gene (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 667-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; promoter ; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Transient expression experiments show that the maize GapA1 promoter exhibits a requirement for sequences contained within intron 1 and surrounding exon border regions for expression in maize Black Mexican Sweet cells. Maize GapA1-promoter constructs lacking intron 1 are inactive. Intron 1 and its exon border sequences, when reintroduced into constructs lacking introns, restore gene activity whereas intron 2 and its exon borders to not. The minimal promoter so defined encompasses roughly 250 bp upstream of the in vivo transcription start and appears also to include intron 1. An octameric sequence was identified in intron 1 of maize GapA1 which is similar to sequence motifs found in other maize introns known to increase transient expression. Partial restoration of gene expression in GapA1 constructs lacking intron 1 was achieved through insertion of the identified octameric sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021192
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aerobic fermentation in tobacco pollen (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 739-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): alcohol dehydrogenase ; fermentation ; gene expression ; pollen ; pyruvate decarboxylase ; respiration ; tobacco
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We characterized the genes coding for the two dedicated enzymes of ethanolic fermentation, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and show that they are functional in pollen. Two PDC-encoding genes were isolated, which displayed reciprocal regulation: PDC1 was anaerobically induced in leaves, whereas PDC2 mRNA was absent in leaves, but constitutively present in pollen. A flux through the ethanolic fermentation pathway could be measured in pollen under all tested environmental and developmental conditions. Surprisingly, the major factor influencing the rate of ethanol production was not oxygen availability, but the composition of the incubation medium. Under optimal conditions for pollen tube growth, approximately two-thirds of the carbon consumed was fermented, and ethanol accumulated into the surrounding medium to a concentration exceeding 100 mM.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021197
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peroxisomal thiolase mRNA is induced during mango fruit ripening (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 811-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): β-oxidation ; gene expression ; fruit ripening ; Mangifera indica ; peroxisomes ; thiolase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fruit ripening is a complex, developmentally regulated process. A series of genes have been isolated from various ripening fruits encoding enzymes mainly involved in ethylene and cell wall metabolism. In order to aid our understanding of the molecular basis of this process in a tropical fruit, a cDNA library was prepared from ripe mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Manila). By differential screening with RNA poly(A)+ from unripe and ripe mesocarp a number of cDNAs expressing only in ripe fruit have been isolated. This paper reports the characterization of one such cDNA (pTHMF 1) from M. indica which codes for a protein highly homologous to cucumber, rat and human peroxisomal thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16), the catalyst for the last step in the β-oxidation pathway. The cDNA for the peroxisomal mango thiolase is 1305 bp in length and codes for a protein of 432 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 45 532 Da. Mango thiolase is highly homologous to cucumber thiolase (80%), the only other plant thiolase whose cloning has been reported, and to rat and human thiolases (55% and 55% respectively). It is shown by northern analysis that during fruit ripening THMF 1 is up-regulated. A similar pattern of expression was detected in tomato fruit. Wounding and pathogen infection do not appear to affect THMF 1 expression. The possible involvement of thiolase in fatty acid metabolism during fruit ripening will be discussed. To our knowledge this is the first report cloning of a plant gene involved in fatty acid metabolism showing an induction during fruit ripening.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042067
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular characterization of plastid pyruvate kinase from castor and tobacco (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): pyruvate kinase ; plastid ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Clones encoding two different forms of plastid pyruvate kinase (PKp; EC 2.7.1.40) have been isolated from both castor and tobacco seed cDNA libraries. One form, designated PKpA, from castor was described in a previous report, and the tobacco homologue of PKpA has now been isolated. In addition, a second cDNA, designated PKpG, has been identified and sequenced in both species. Western blot analysis, using antibodies raised against protein overexpressed from these clones, indicates that they encode the two predominant polypeptides of plastid pyruvate kinase from developing castor endosperm. In castor, both PKpA and PKpG are encoded by single genes. In the allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum, there are two copies of each, one derived from each of the progenitors of this species. The expression of the genes for PKpA and PKpG was examined in various tissues from both castor and tobacco. In castor, both forms are expressed in developing and germinating endosperm and in the root but neither is expressed in the leaf. In tobacco, both forms are expressed in developing seeds but in mature tissues, PKpA is most abundant in roots and PKpG in leaves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019180
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 327-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; multi-gene family ; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; phenylpropanoids ; promoters ; secondary metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Phenylpropanoid derivatives are a complex class of secondary metabolites that have many important roles in plants during normal growth and in responses to environmental stress. Phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, and is usually encoded by a multi-gene family. Genomic clones for three Arabidopsis thaliana PAL genes containing the entire protein-coding region and upstream and downstream sequences have been obtained and completely sequenced. Two A. thaliana PAL genes (PAL1 and PAL2) are structurally similar to PAL genes that have been cloned from other plant species, with a single intron at a conserved position, and a long highly conserved second exon. Previously identified promoter motifs plus several additional sequence motifs were found in the promoter regions of PAL1 and PAL2. Expression of PAL1 and PAL2 is both qualitatively and quantitatively similar in different plant organs and under various inductive conditions. A third A. thaliana PAL gene, PAL3, differs significantly from PAL1 and PAL2 and other sequenced plant PAL genes. PAL3 contains an additional intron, and its deduced amino acid sequence is less homologous to other PAL proteins. The PAL3 promoter region lacks several sequence motifs conserved between A. thaliana PAL1 and PAL2, as well as motifs described in other genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism. A. thaliana PAL3 was expressed at very low levels under the conditions examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020187
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A type I element composed of the hexamer (ACGTCA) and octamer (CGCGGATC) motifs plays a role(s) in meristematic expression of a wheat histone H3 gene in transgenic rice plants (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): cis factor ; gene expression ; promoter ; transgenic rice ; wheat histone H3
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Type I element (CCACGTCACCGATCCGCG) is a well-conserved regulatory element found in proximal promoter region of a certain class of plant histone genes, that is composed of two independent cis-acting elements of the hexamer (ACGTCA) and the reverse-oriented octamer (GATCCGCG) motifs. To investigate functional role(s) of the type I element in regulation of a wheat histone H3 gene (TH012) promoter activity in vivo, base substitution mutations were introduced into the element and activities of the mutated promoters were examined in cultured rice cells, and in regenerated roots and anther walls of transgenic rice plants by employing a GUS reporter system. Mutations of each or both of the hexamer and the octamer motifs caused a reduction in the promoter activity in protoplasts transfected transiently or stably transformed calli. The mutation of the octamer motif with or without the mutation of the hexamer motif caused a marked reduction of the promoter activity in the root meristem of transgenic rice although the mutation of the hexamer motif alone caused a weak reduction. In contrast to these results, no effect of the mutations of either the hexamer or the octamer motif was found in the anther wall in which replication-independent activity of the H3 promoter was observed. Our results suggested that the hexamer and the octamer motifs may play important role(s) in regulation of replication-dependent but not of replication-independent expression of the wheat histone H3 gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019175
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GASA, a gibberellin-regulated gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana related to the tomato GAST1 gene (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 743-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): plant hormone ; gibberellic acid ; GA-responsive ; gene expression ; HCA ; hydrophobic cluster analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A multiple gene family of at least four members, related to a GA-stimulated transcript (GAST1) from tomato, was characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana by analysing four related cDNAs, named GASA1 to GASA4. The corresponding peptides display comparable structural features: (1) a putative signal peptide of 18 to 23 residues; (2) a highly divergent hydrophilic region of about 22 amino acids; (3) a conservative 60 amino acid C-terminal domain containing 12 cysteines. This organization has also bean shown in two related peptides from tomato, GAST1 found in shoots and RSI-1 found in early lateral roots. Southern blot hybridization patterns showed single-copy genes for all four members of the GASA family. Accumulation of the various transcripts, monitored by northern blot hybridization, indicated that the various genes are expressed differentially in plant organs. Specific mRNAs were mostly detected in flower buds and immature siliques in the case of GASA1, in siliques and dry seeds in the case of GASA2 and 3, and in growing roots and flower buds in the case of GASA4. At least two of the GASA genes are activated in GA-deficient mutant ga5, as early as 4 to 8 h after spraying with 50 μM GA3. The complex patterns of expression and regulation of the various genes suggest that the related peptides are involved in a developmental regulation process in Arabidopsis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020227
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning of two novel rice cDNA sequences encoding putative calcium-dependent protein kinases (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 953-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): calcium-dependent protein kinase ; gene expression ; protein phosphorylation ; rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have isolated, from a cDNA library constructed from rice coleoptiles, two sequences, OSCPK2 and OSCPK11, that encode for putative calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) proteins. OSCPK2 and OSCPK11 cDNAs are related to SPK, another gene encoding a rice CDPK that is specifically expressed in developing seeds [20]. OSCPK2 and OSCPK11-predicted protein sequences are 533 and 542 amino acids (aa) long with a corresponding molecular mass of 59436 and 61079 Da respectively. Within their polypeptide chain, they all contain those conserved features that define a plant CDPK; kinase catalytic sequences are linked to a calmodulin-like regulatory domain through a junction region. The calmodulin-like regulatory domain of the predicted OSCPK2 protein contains 4 EF-hand calcium-binding sites while OSCPK11 has conserved just one canonical EF-hand motif. In addition, OSCPK2-and OSCPK11-predicted proteins contain, at their N-terminal region preceding the catalytic domain, a stretch of 80 or 74 residues highly rich in hydrophilic amino acids. Comparison of the NH2-terminal sequence of all three rice CDPKs so far identified (OSCPK2, OSCPK11 and SPK) indicates the presence of a conserved MGxxC(S/Q)xxT motif that may define a consensus signal for N-myristoylation. OSCPK2 and OSCPK11 proteins are both encoded by a single-copy gene and their polyadenylated transcripts are 2.4 and 3.5 kb long respectively. OSCPK2 and OSCPK11 mRNAs are equally abundant in rice roots and coleoptiles. A 12 h white light treatment of the coleoptiles reduces the amount of OSCPK2 mRNA with only a slight effect on the level of OSCPK11 transcript. With anoxic treatments, OSCPK2 mRNA level declined significantly and promptly while the amount of OSCPK11 transcript remained constant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037023
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation, sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the nitrite reductase gene from the filamentous, thermophilic cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1037-1042 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; cyanobacterium ; nitrite reductase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The nitrite reductase (NiR) gene (nirA) has been isolated and sequenced from the filamentous, thermophilic non-N2-fixing cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum. Putative promoter-like and Shine-Dalgarno sequences appear at the 5′ end of the 1533 bp long nir-coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of NiR from P. laminosum corresponds to a 56 kDa polypeptide, a size identical to the molecular mass previously determined for the pure enzyme, and shows a high identity with amino acid sequences from ferredoxin-dependent NiR. This cyanobacterial NiR gene has been efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α from the E. coli lac promoter and probably from the P. laminosum NiR promoter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037030
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a maize tryptophan synthase alpha subunit gene with pith enhanced expression (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 1183-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): differential screening ; maize ; pith ; trpA ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA derived from an abundant maize pith mRNA transcript and its corresponding genomic equivalent have been isolated and characterized. High transcript levels are seen in the pith and young leaves of maize plants, while no transcript is detected in seed tissue of any age. The protein encoded by the isolated gene has considerable homology with tryptophan synthase alpha subunit (trpA) from other organisms and the cDNA clone can complement an E. coli trpA mutant. These data support the conclusion that this cDNA and the corresponding genomic clone encode a maize trpA protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020891
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of a novel Arabidopsis ozone-induced cDNA by differential display (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis thaliana ; gene expression ; hypersensitive response ; oxidative stress ; ozone ; pathogenesis-related proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have used a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction procedure (differential display) to isolate cDNAs corresponding to transcripts that accumulate in ozone-treated Arabidopsis thaliana. In this report we describe the characterization of an ozone-induced transcript, AtOZI1. AtOZI1 mRNA in untreated plants was detected at low levels in cotyledons, leaves, and flower buds and at higher levels in roots and mature flowers. AtOZI1 mRNA accumulation was transiently induced in leaves 3- to 5-fold within the first 6 h of ozone treatment. AtOZI1 mRNA accumulation was also transiently induced 3- to 6-fold by photopathogenic Pseudomonas strains. Sequence analysis of AtOZI1 revealed that it encodes a 8.6 kDa basic protein that contains a putative signal peptide and two potential phosphorylation sites. Our results suggest that AtOZI1 represents a novel stress-related protein that accumulates in response to the production of active oxygen species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019121
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular study of a light-harvesting apoprotein of Giraudyopsis stellifer (Chrysophyceae) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chromophyte ; Chrysophyceae ; light-harvesting complex protein gene ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have isolated a gene from a library of nuclear DNA for a chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (named Cac for chl a/c by analogy with Cab for chl a/b) of a chromophyte alga, Giraudyopsis stellifer, and sequenced it. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with other chl a/c-and chl a/b-binding protein sequences shows that structural and functional features, i.e. the arrangement ‘en X’ of the two A and B transmembrane helices and the putative chl a-binding sites, are shared by both Chlorophyta and Chromophyta. Moreover, in contrast to Chlorophyta, a very strong identity is found among Chromophyta in the C helix, suggesting a major function associated to this specific region. Nevertheless, the primary structure of the apoprotein does not seem affected by the pigment composition in Chromophyta. As in the few other examples currently known, we confirm that the cac genes are nuclear-encoded and are part of a multigenic family. Northern blots, performed on poly(A)+ mRNA from G. stellifer, give evidence that the cac gene is light-induced at a transcriptional level and that no expression can be observed in the dark.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019125
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and expression pattern of a cDNA encoding a cathepsin B-like protease from Nicotiana rustica (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): cathepsin B ; gene expression ; Nicotiana ; thiol protease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Sequence analysis of a 1.33 kb clone from a root cDNA library of Nicotiana rustica revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 356 amino acids. The deduced protein has high levels of homology to human cathepsin B protease and a cathepsin B-like cysteine protease from wheat but much lower levels of homology with other plant cysteine proteinases. Southern blotting experiments suggest a limited number of cathepsin B-like genes are present in the genome of N. rustica and also that of N. tabacum. RNA analysis involving a range of tissues, harvested from both Nicotiana species 4–5 h after the beginning of a 16 h photoperiod, revealed the cathepsin B-like gene was being expressed strongly in roots, stem and developing flowers but weakly in mature leaves. Further analysis of RNA extracted from leaf tissue of N. tabacum revealed the gene showed rhythmic expression and also that its expression increased in response to wounding. Analysis of leaf tissues harvested during the latter part of a 16 h photoperiod (11 and 16 h after illumination commenced) showed that transcript levels were two three times higher than in leaf tissue harvested either towards the end of the dark period or 5 h after illumination commenced. When leaf tissue was wounded at 11:00 (5 h after plants were illuminated), and harvested for RNA extraction 6 h later, the level of cathepsin B-like transcript in mesophyll tissue was found to be increased ca. 2-fold relative to the level detected in unwounded controls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043660
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue-specific and light-responsive regulation of the promoter region of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (FAD7) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis thaliana ; chloroplast ; gene expression ; ω-3 fatty acid desaturase ; promoter ; transgenic plants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Arabidopsis FAD7 gene encodes a chloroplast ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the desaturation of lipid-linked dienoic fatty acids (18:2 and 16:2). An 825 bp FAD7 promoter fragment upstream from the transcriptional start point contained several short sequences which were homologous to the cis-elements (box II, G-box, etc.) conserved in many light-responsive genes. We introduced the FAD7 promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) or the luciferase (LUC) reporter gene into tobacco plants. The −825 promoter sequence conferred tissue-specific and light-responsive expression to both these reporter genes in transgenic tobacco, indicating that these expressions of the FAD7 gene were regulated mainly at the transcriptional level. Histochemical GUS staining showed that the activity of the FAD7 promoter is restricted to the tissues with chloroplast-containing cells although the staining was noticeably absent in the chloroplast-containing cells associated with vascular systems. The 5′ deletion experiments of the promoter revealed that the −362/ −166 region, containing two putative box II sequences, was responsible for the tissue-specific and light-responsive expression of the FAD7 gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020987
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential regulation of polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase gene expression during and after heat stress in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 1101-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): tomato ; polygalacturonase ; pectin methylesterase ; heat stress ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of extended heat stress on polygalacturonase (PG; EC 3.2.1.15) and pectin methylesterase (PME; EC 3.1.1.11) gene expression at mRNA, protein and activity levels in ripening tomato fruits were investigated. Steady state levels of PG mRNA declined at temperatures of 27°C and above, and a marked reduction in PG protein and activity was observed at temperatures of 32°C and above. Exogenous ethylene treatment did not reverse heat stress-induced inhibition of PG gene expression. Transfer of heat-stressed fruits to 20°C partly restored PG mRNA accumulation, but the rate of PG mRNA accumulation declined exponentially with duration of heat stress. Heat stress-induced inhibition of PME mRNA accumulation was recoverable even after 14 days of heat stress. In fruits held at 34°C, both PG and PME protein and activity continued to accumulate for about 4 days, but thereafter PG protein and activity declined while little change was observed in PME protein and activity. In spite of increases in mRNA levels of both PG and PME during the recovery of heat-stressed fruit at 20°C, levels of PG protein and activity declined in fruits heat-stressed for four or more days while PME protein and activity levels remained unchanged. Collectively, these data suggest that PG gene expression is being gradually and irreversibly shut off during heat stress, while PME gene expression is much less sensitive to heat stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020455
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The phytochrome gene family in tomato includes a novel subfamily (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 1143-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): gene family ; gene expression ; photoreceptor ; phytochrome ; tomato
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Data presented here define five tomato phytochrome genes (PHY) and indicate the existence of additional PHY in the tomato genome. Portions of each gene, encoding amino acids 203 through 315 in a consensus amino acid sequence, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Four of these genes, PHYA, PHYB1, PHYB2 and PHYE, are members of previously identified PHY subfamilies, while the fifth, PHYF, is identified as a member of a new PHY subfamily. PHYA, PHYB1, PHYB2 and PHYE fragments encode amino acid sequences that share 88% to 98% sequence identity with their Arabidopsis counterparts. The PHYF fragment, however, encodes a polypeptide that shares only 65% to 74% sequence identity with previously identified Arabidopsis phytochromes. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that PHYF arose soon after, or perhaps prior to, the origin of angiosperms. This analysis leads to the prediction that PHYF might be widespread among angiosperms, including both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Each of the five tomato PHY is expressed as a transcript of sufficient size to encode a full-length phytochrome apoprotein. Two PHYF transcripts, 4.4 and 4.7 kb in length, have been detected in 9-day-old light-grown seedlings, consistent with either multiple transcription start sites or differential processing. Analyses of genomic Southern blots hybridized with radiolabelled RNA probes derived from the five tomato PHY, as well as Arabidopsis PHYC, indicate that the tomato genome contains as many as 9 to 13 PHY. The tomato PHY family is apparently not only different from, but also larger than, the PHY family presently described for Arabidopsis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020458
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pharynx ; Lung ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Substance P ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of two neuropeptides. In the pharynx, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were localized in nerve fibers distributed within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium. In the lung, CGRP and SP were localized in nerve fibers in five principal locations: 1) within the smooth muscle layer in the interfaveolar septa; 2) in the luminal thickened edges of the septa; 3) around the pulmonary vasculature; 4) within, and 5) under the ciliated epithelium. Within the smooth muscle layer in the septa, luminal thickened septa, and around blood vessels, almost all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. Within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium in the thickened septa, all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. No immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, galanin, somatostatin, FMRFamide, and leucine-and methionine-enkephalins was detected in the nerve fibers within the larynx and the lung. Together with our previous data, the present findings suggest that peptidergic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of amphibian respiratory systems throughout their life.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300698
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated by immunofluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Pancreas ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling for eight neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of certain neuropeptides in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide (FMRF), and galanin (GAL) was localized in nerve fibers distributed between the acini and around the duct system and vasculature of the exocrine pancreas. In these regions, CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were more numerous than those containing the other five peptides. Almost all SP fibers showed coexistence of SP with CGRP, and about one third of fibers also showed coexistence of SP with VIP, NPY, FMRF, and GAL. In the endocrine pancreas, SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL were recognized in the nerve fibers around and within the islets of Langerhans, and VIP and GAL fibers were more numerous than SP and CGRP fibers. All CGRP fibers, and about half of the VIP and GAL fibers were immunoreactive for SP. NPY- and FMRF-immunoreactive cells were found at the periphery of the islets. These findings suggest that the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions of the bullfrog are under the control of peptidergic innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307803
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of microfibril-associated components in the posterior chamber of the eye (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microfibrils ; Ciliary zonule ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Fibrillin ; Freeze substitution ; Glycol methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6J) ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Connective tissue microfibrils were observed in tissues prepared with methods believed to minimize the loss of tissue components. The eyes of C57BL/6J mice were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by either freeze substitution, or embedding in glycol methacrylate, a water-miscible embedding medium, after limited or no dehydration. In these preparations, microfibrils were present within sheet-like layers observed in the posterior chamber of the eye. The material enclosing the microfibrils that formed the layer was also preserved, at least partially, by fixation of the tissue with uranyl acetate or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as observed in the chick eye. This microfibril-associated material was found to be composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as shown by positive immunostaining for HSPG, as well as by identification of 4.5 nm-wide HSPG double tracks as its major constituent. When a considerable amount of this material was lost in KMnO4-fixed tissues, the remaining portion was preserved in the form of clusters of about 50 nm in width which were periodically adhered along the length of microfibrils. At the center of each cluster, a minute dark particulate structure was present. It was composed of an approximately 10 nm-wide polygonal assembly of 3.5 nm-wide ring-like structures, and was, in unfixed chick eyes, positively immunostained for fibrillin. The periodicity of HSPG clusters, and of fibrillin, along the length of immunostained microfibrils was similar, ranging from 45 nm to 65 nm. These observations indicate that fibrillin is periodically associated at the surface of “classical” microfibrils, and it may mediate the association of large amounts of HSPG to microfibrils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318486
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in mouse brain areas that are known to express high levels of aromatase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Aromatase ; Reproduction ; Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Limbic system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jackson/C57)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The transformation of testosterone into estradiol in the brain plays a key role in several behavioral and physiological processes, but it has been so far impossible to localize precisely the cells of the mammalian brain containing the relevant enzyme, viz., aromatase. We have recently established an immunohistochemical technique that allows the visualization of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain. In this species, a marked increase in the optical density of aromatase-immunoreactive cells is observed in subjects that have been treated with the aromatase inhibitor, R76713 or racemic Vorozole. This increased immunoreactivity, associated with a total blockade of aromatase activity, has been used as a tool in the present study in which the distribution of aromatase-immunoreactive material has been reassessed in the brain of mice pretreated with R76713. As expected, the aromatase inhibitor increases the density of the immunoreactive signal in mice. Strongly immunoreactive cells are found in the lateral septal region, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdala, and the dorso-lateral hypothalamus. A less dense signal is also present in the medial preoptic area, the nucleus accumbens, several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g., paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei), all divisions of the amygdala, and several regions of the cortex, especially the cortex piriformis. These data demonstrate that, contrary to previous claims, aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in all brain regions that have been shown previously to contain high aromatase activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318360
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of secretory acetylcholinesterase of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholinesterase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin ; Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Scolecida) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Various parasitic nematodes secrete acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the localization of AChE in the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the secretory forms of AChE in culture fluid were examined. A thiocholine method revealed that AChE activity was localized in the subventral glands, which have a secretory and excretory function via a duct connected to the excretory pore. By electron microscopy, AChE activity was found mainly in the matrix of secretory granules, and sometimes in the Golgi apparatus in the subventral gland cells. These results show that nematode AChE is produced and stored in the subventral glands. Monoclonal antibodies against AChE of human erythrocytes or electric rays also bound to the nematode subventral gland, suggesting immuno-cross-reactivity of AChE among these species. When AChE activity in the nematode excretory-secretory product was examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with the thiocholine method, intense activity was demonstrated as a single band at 74kDa. Immunoblot analysis showed specific recognition of this molecule by IgE and IgG1 antibodies, but not by IgG2a antibody, in nematode-infected rat sera. These results indicate that the nematode AChE molecule produced in and secreted from the subventral glands is antigenic for the production of IgE/IgG1 in host animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304511
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Ellipsoids ; Spleen ; Immune complexes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. After 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. The colocalisation of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin M and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofluorescence technique and suggested that horseradish peroxidase was trapped in the form of immune complexes. After 24 and 48 h, very little horseradish peroxidase was detected in the ellipsoids, and horseradish peroxidase was mainly found in association with large cells with prominent cytoplasmic extensions. In nonimmunised fish given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, antigen was not detected in ellipsoids. Thus, the observed difference between immunised and nonimmunised trout suggests a specific role for the splenic ellipsoids in rapid immune-complex trapping and invites speculation on its significance in a secondary immune response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319131
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RT97: a marker for capsaicin-insensitive sensory endings in the rat skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurofilament ; Primary afferent fibres ; Skin ; Capsaicin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The mouse monoclonal antibody RT97, which recognises the 200-kDa neurofilament subunit in its phosphorylated form, selectively labels the somata of sensory A-fibres (large light cells) in the dorsal root ganglion of the rat. We have tested the hypothesis that this antibody also visualises large diameter sensory fibres and their end structures in peripheral tissue, in particular in the skin. RT97 immunoreactivity is found in endings that are known to be served by myelinated afferent fibres, including Meissner-like endings, Merkel discs, hair follicle receptors, Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings. RT97 immunoreactivity has not, however, been observed in endings of presumably unmyelinated sensory fibres (intraepidermal fibres immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) or in sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands and blood vessels. In addition, neither systemic (100–150 mg/kg as adults) nor perineural capsaicin pre-treatment affects RT97 immunoreactivity in the skin. The data indicate that RT97 is a useful marker in the study of the capsaicin-insensitive sensory innervation of the skin and possibly other peripheral organs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319142
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pro-enkephalin opioid peptides are abundant in porcine and bovine splenic nerves, but absent from nerves of rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea-pig spleen (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Enkephalin ; Opioid peptides ; Spleen ; Innervation ; Neuro-immunology ; Species differences ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow ; Pig ; Guinea-pig ; Mouse ; Rat ; Dsungarian hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The opioidergic innervation of the mammalian spleen and possible species differences were investigated. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that splenic nerves of bovine and porcine spleen, but not of rat, mouse, hamster and guinea-pig spleen contained proenkephalin-derived opioidergic innervation. Immunoreactivity to both prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin was absent from splenic nerves. In bovine and porcine spleen, fibers immunoreactive for met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, leu-enkephalin and peptide F formed perivascular plexus, traveled in trabecular connective tissue, and extended into the capsule. Spatial relationships with immune cells were apparent in the white and red pulp, excluding lymphoid follicles. Colocalization of enkephalin immunoreactivity with immunoreactivities for tyrosin hydroxylase, dopamin-β-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y, but not for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. Our results provide evidence that opioid expression in splenic innervation is strongly species-dependent and exclusively proenkephalin-derived. Colocalization with marker enzymes of noradrenergic neurons indicates a mainly postganglionic sympathetic origin of proenkephalinergic splenic innervation. Opioidergic perivascular nerves probably control the splenic blood flow. A close interrelationship of opioidergic fibers with immune cells provides the anatomical basis for direct effects of neurally released opioids on splenic immune functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307968
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The monoclonal antibody GB 42 – a useful marker for the differentiation of myofibroblasts (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Placenta ; Stem villi ; Actin isoforms ; Myofibroblasts ; Smooth muscle cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The expression patterns of a variety of cytoskeletal antigens were studied in normal human tissues (placenta, umbilical cord, myometrium, colon, mammary gland, testis, skeletal muscle, myocardium) as well as in abnormal human tissues (palmar fibromatosis, fibrocystic disease of the mammary gland, mammary carcinoma). The immunohistochemical binding patterns of the monoclonal antibody GB 42 were compared to those of commercial antibodies directed against vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle myosin, pan actin, α-smooth muscle actin and γ-smooth muscle actin. Methods applied comprised immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections and paraffin sections. Immunogold immunocytochemistry was performed on Lowicryl sections. The patterns of GB 42-binding were confirmed biochemically by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting, and quantitative amino acid analysis. Our data suggest that the monoclonal antibody GB 42 recognizes an actin isoform which is identical to, or closely related to, γ-smooth muscle actin. Unlike the commercially available antibody against γ-smooth muscle actin, GB 42 does not cross-react with α-skeletal or α-cardiac actins. The GB 42-antigen is expressed in smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells and in later stages of differentiation of myofibroblasts, in all the tissues investigated. Throughout the development of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, the appearance of the GB 42-antigen occurs after the expression of vimentin, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin, but prior to the expression of smooth muscle myosin. GB 42 is a reliable marker for higher stages of differentiation of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050420
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the mouse testis: its unique accumulation in spermatid nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Calcineurin ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatids ; Nuclear transformation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jcl:ICR ; BALB/c)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Immunohistochemical localization of a calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, was studied in the mouse testis in relation to previous observations showing that calmodulin is unusually rich in spermatogenic stages from mid-pachytene spermatocytes to elongating spermatids. The antibodies raised against calcineurin from scallop testis reacted with subunit B, but not subunit A, of calcineurin isoforms from mouse brain and testis. Indirect immunofluorescence using these antibodies on the mouse testis revealed positive reactions only in the nuclei of round or elongating spermatids: calcineurin started to accumulate in nuclei from the acrosomal cap phase, peaked at the initial stage of nuclear elongation, and decreased thereafter. There was almost no signal in the cytoplasm; spermatogenic cells at other stages, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, mature sperm, and other somatic cells in the seminiferous tubules were totally negative. Immuno-electron microscopy gave the same result, on the basis of measuring the density of immunogold particles. These results suggest a role for calcineurin in remodeling of the nuclear chromatin in metamorphosing spermatids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050424
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ontogeny of calbindin-D28K and calretinin in developing chick kidney (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium-binding proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesonephros ; Metanephros ; Chick embryo (White leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The ontogeny of two calcium-binding proteins (calbindin-D28k and calretinin) was studied by immunohistochemical techniques in developing chick kidney. This study showed the presence of calbindin on the 5th incubation day and calretinin on the 7th incubation day in mesonephric distal and connecting tubules, and in the medial wall of the Wolffian duct. At later stages, immunostaining for these two proteins, in particular for calretinin, was also demonstrated in some metanephric proximal tubules. Glomeruli and Bowman's capsules were negative both in the mesonephros and metanephros. The presence of calretinin in the developing kidney has thus been demonstrated for the first time. The early expression of calbindin and calretinin in mesonephric distal tubules suggests their role in regulating the final excretion of calcium. The different patterns of immunoreactivity of the walls of the Wolffian duct can be correlated with their different histogenetic and histological features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300705
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes of rats with experimental congestive heart failure (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 575-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): A-V fistula ; Immunohistochemistry ; Atrial natriuretic peptides ; Congestive heart failure ; Atriocyte ; Rat (Wistar-Munich)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The morphometric characteristics of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules were studied in atrial myoendocrine cells of rats with aorto-caval fistula, an experimental model of congestive heart failure. A total of 6680 granules of control and aorto-caval rats were analyzed by a computerized image analysis system that evaluated the number and sectioned surface area of granules and their subcellular location. Compared with control animals, rats with congestive heart failure displayed a slight increase in the number of peripheral granules, adjacent to the sarcolemma, but not centrally located in the Golgi areas. The mean sectioned surface area of granules in rats with congestive heart failure was about 50% of that in controls, both in the right and left atria. Rats with aortocaval fistula had a higher percent of small granules and lower percent of large granules compared with controls. The data demonstrate different morphometric characteristics in atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes in rats with experimental congestive heart failure; this may reflect the enhanced synthesis and release of atrial natriuretic peptide in heart failure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318169
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noradrenergic and adrenergic systems in the brain of the urodele amphibian, Pleurodeles waltlii, as revealed by immunohistochemical methods (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 619-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Brain ; Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii has been studied with antibodies raised against noradrenaline and the enzymes dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. Noradrenaline-containing cell bodies were found in the anterior preoptic area, the hypothalamic nucleus of the periventricular organ, the locus coeruleus and in the solitary tract/area postrema complex at the level of the obex. Noradrenergic fibers are widely distributed throughout the brain innervating particularly the ventrolateral forebrain, the medial amygdala, the lateral part of the posterior tubercle, the parabrachial region and the ventrolateral rhombencephalic tegmentum. Putative adrenergic cell bodies were found immediately rostral to the obex, ventral to the solitary tract. Whereas the cell bodies and their dendrites were Golgi-like stained, axons were more difficult to trace. Nevertheless, some weakly immunoreactive fibers could be traced to the basal forebrain. A comparison of these results with data previously obtained in anurans reveals not only several general features, but also some remarkable species differences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318174
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tyrosine hydroxylase in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.): an immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Catecholamine neurons ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral ganglia ; Periplaneta americana (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. We have investigated the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Groups of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies occur in various parts of the three regions of the cerebral ganglia. In the protocerebrum, single large neurons or small groups of neurons are located in the lateral neuropil, adjacent to the calyces, and in the dorsal portion of the pars intercerebralis. Small scattered cell bodies are found in the outer layers of the optic lobe, and clusters of larger cell bodies can be found in the deutocerebrum, medial and lateral to the antennal glomeruli. Thick bundles of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers traverse the neuropil in the proto- and deutocerebrum and innervate the glomerular and the nonglomerular neuropil with fine varicose terminals. Dense terminal patterns are present in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the pars intercerebralis, the medial tritocerebrum, and the area surrounding the antennal glomeruli, the central body and the mushroom bodies. The pattern of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity is similar to that previously described for catecholaminergic neurons, but it is distinctly different from the distribution of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050458
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FMRFamide is endogenous to the Aplysia heart (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: FMRFamide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Neurohormone ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The presence of the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide was investigated in the heart of the sea hare, Aplysia californica. Immunohistochemical localization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassays of HPLC fractions were used to demonstrate the presence of FMRFamide and FLRFamide in the heart. FMRFamide-immunoreactive (FMRFamide-IR) nerve fibers, varicosities, and neuronal somata were observed in whole- mounts of the hearts. The atrium and atrioventricular (AV) valve regions contained significantly higher densities (P〈0.05, ANOVA) of immunoreactive varicosities compared to the ventricle. The high density of FMRFamide-IR varicosities in the atrium and the lack of sensitivity of this region to FMRFamide suggest that the atrium may be a neurohemal organ for the release of FMRFamide. The presence of FMRFamide-IR somata in the Aplysia heart suggests that peripheral neurons may play a role in modifying heart activity, independent of the central nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050484
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemistry of Grandry corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the duck bill: a light- and electron-microscopic study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Grandry corpuscle ; Sensory nerves ; Dense-core vesicles ; Anas platyrhynchos (Aves, Anatiformes)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Grandry corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the upper bill of the duck were immunohistochemically studied using antisera against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, methionine-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Grandry corpuscles in the lamina propria selectively showed only SP-like immunoreactivity. Herbst corpuscles distributed near Grandry corpuscles were negative to all antisera applied. Although immunoreactive products in the Grandry corpuscles were found as granules in the peripheral cytoplasm of the Grandry cell, the axon terminals and satellite cells exhibited no reactivity. In pre-embedding electron-microscopic sections, SP-like immunoreactive products visualized with 3,3′-diaminobezidine were localized in the granules of Grandry cells, but no labeling was observed in the cytoplasmic matrix or cell organelles. Electron-immunocytochemical labeling with colloidal gold by the post-embedding method clearly demonstrated that the SP antigen was localized only in the granules. It is presumed that Grandry cells have a secretory function. However, the function and the method of release of the SP contained in the observed granules remains obscure. Some CGRP-, NPY-, SP- and VIP-like-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities associated with blood vessels and nerve fiber bundles of various sizes were observed in the lamina propria, but no such fibers penetrated into the intraepitherial layer. Nerve fibers positive for SP and VIP were also found in the interlobular connective tissue of the palatine glands. Some SP-positive neurons were detected in the vicinity of the palatine glands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307796
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Anglerfish peptide Y ; Neuropeptide Y ; Brain, pituitary, and islet organ ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anglerfish, Lophius americanus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of glycine-extended peptides to alpha-amidated bioactive peptides. Two peptides that are processed at their carboxyl-termini by this enzyme are neuropeptide Y and anglerfish peptide Y, both of which possess a C-terminal glycine that is used as a substrate for amidation. Results from previous reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y-like and anglerfish peptide Y-like immunoreactivities are present in the brain of anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-like peptides, namely anglerfish peptide Y and anglerfish peptide YG (the homologues of pancreatic polypeptide) are present in the islet organ of this species. Neuropeptide Y has also been localized in the anterior, intermediated and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland in a variety of species. In order to learn more about the distribution of the enzyme responsible for alpha amidation of these peptides in the brain and pituitary and to specifically investigate the relationship of this enzyme to peptide synthesizing endocrine cells of the anglerfish islet, we performed an immunohistochemical study using several antisera generated against different peptide sequences of the enzyme. PAM antisera labeled cells in the islet organ, pituitary and brain, and fibers in the brain and pituitary gland. The PAM staining pattern in the brain was remarkably similar to the distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity reported previously. Clusters of cells adjacent to vessels in the anterior pituitary displayed punctate PAM immunoreactivity while varicose fibers were observed in the pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis. Endocrine cells of the islet organ were differentially labeled with different PAM antisera. Comparison of the staining patterns of insulin, glucagon, and anglerfish peptide Y in the islet organ to PAM immunoreactivity suggests a distribution of forms of PAM enzyme in insulin and anglerfish peptide Y-containing cells, but no overlap with glucagon-producing cells. The results also indicate that PAM immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of anglerfish in cells that contain peptides that require presence of a C-terminal glycine for amidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304521
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Galectin ; β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Human ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization ; in situ ; Langerhans cell ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The localization of an endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin (galectin) and its pattern of gene expression were examined in normal human skin by light- and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, immunostaining of 14-kDa galectin was observed in the cell membrane of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Galectin was also found in the Langerhans cells, as shown by double labeling using anti-14-kDa galectin and anti-CD1a antibodi es. In the dermis, immunostaining for the 14-kDa galectin was positive in the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. At the electron-microscopic level of resolution, galectin was located primarily along the plasma membrane of keratinocytes, and in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Langerhans cells in the epidermis, whereas in the dermis it was detected in the extracellular matrix and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The gene expression of 14-kDa galectin was visualized by the HRP-staining me thod following in situ hybridization techniques. The expression was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis; whereas, in the dermis, it was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Moreover, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-blot analysis revealed that this galectin bound to glycoproteins of approximately 17, 62, and 72 kDa in the epidermis and to those of 29, 54, and 220 kDa in the dermis. The present study indicates that 1) normal human skin produces the β-galactoside-binding 14-kDa galectin, and 2) this galectin is located in both the epidermis, particularly in the keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and in the dermis. These results suggest that galectin is important for cell-cell contact and/or adhesion in the epidermis and for cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the dermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304505
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Galectin ; β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Human ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization, in situ ; Langerhans cell ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The localization of an endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin (galectin) and its pattern of gene expression were examined in normal human skin by light- and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, immunostaining of 14-kDa galectin was observed in the cell membrane of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Galectin was also found in the Langerhans cells, as shown by double labeling using anti-14-kDa galectin and anti-CD1a antibodies. In the dermis, immunostaining for the 14-kDa galectin was positive in the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. At the electron-microscopic level of resolution, galectin was located primarily along the plasma membrane of keratinocytes, and in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Langerhans cells in the epidermis, whereas in the dermis it was detected in the extracellular matrix and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The gene expression of 14-kDa galectin was visualized by the HRP-staining method following in situ hybridization techniques. The expression was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis; whereas, in the dermis, it was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Moreover, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-blot analysis revealed that this galectin bound to glycoproteins of approximately 17, 62, and 72 kDa in the epidermis and to those of 29, 54, and 220 kDa in the dermis. The present study indicates that 1) normal human skin produces the β-galactoside-binding 14-kDa galectin, and 2) this galectin is located in both the epidermis, particularly in the keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and in the dermis. These results suggest that galectin is important for cell-cell contact and/or adhesion in the epidermis and for cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the dermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304505
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pro-enkephalin opioid peptides are abundant in porcine and bovine splenic nerves, but absent from nerves of rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea-pig spleen (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enkephalin ; Opioid peptides ; Spleen ; Innervation ; Neuro-immunology ; Species differences ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow ; Pig ; Guinea-pig ; Mouse ; Rat ; Dsungarian hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The opioidergic innervation of the mammalian spleen and possible species differences were investigated. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that splenic nerves of bovine and porcine spleen, but not of rat, mouse, hamster and guinea-pig spleen contained proenkephalin-derived opioidergic innervation. Immunoreactivity to both prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin was absent from splenic nerves. In bovine and porcine spleen, fibers immunoreactive for met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, leu-enkephalin and peptide F formed perivascular plexus, traveled in trabecular connective tissue, and extended into the capsule. Spatial relationships with immune cells were apparent in the white and red pulp, excluding lymphoid follicles. Colocalization of enkephalin immunoreactivity with immunoreactivities for tyrosin hydroxylase, dopamin-β-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y, but not for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. Our results provide evidence that opioid expression in splenic innervation is strongly species-dependent and exclusively proenkephalin-derived. Colocalization with marker enzymes of noradrenergic neurons indicates a mainly postganglionic sympathetic origin of proenkephalinergic splenic innervation. Opioidergic perivascular nerves probably control the splenic blood flow. A close interrelationship of opioidergic fibers with immune cells provides the anatomical basis for direct effects of neurally released opioids on splenic immune functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307968
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduced laminin immunoreactivity in the blood vessel wall of ageing rats correlates with reduced innervation in vivo and following transplantation (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Ageing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal microscopy ; Blood vessels ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in extracellular matrix composition and/or organisation, and in particular in the ratio of axonal growth-promoting components such as laminin to growth-inhibiting molecules, could contribute to the degenerative changes observed in the innervation of some peripheral tissues in old age. We have investigated this issue by evaluating laminin content or accessibility at various locations on blood vessels where we had previously studied age-related alterations in innervation density. We have employed a morphological approach, measuring laminin immunoreactivity by a densitometric application of confocal microscopy, because more conventional biochemical techniques would have been unable to distinguish specific, localized changes in laminin at sites accessible to nerves from heterogeneous changes in other areas of the vessel wall, such as the endothelial basal lamina. We found that in 24-month-old rats laminin immunoreactivity is decreased by 50% at the medial-adventitial border in association with the outer layer of smooth muscle cells, where a parallel decrease is observed in innervation density. Axonal terminals were shown to have access to laminin in this region of the blood vessel wall by double staining with laminin and a general neuronal marker. Changes in laminin immunore-activity were region-specific on the same blood vessel, thus excluding the possibility of a generalized decrease in immunoreactivity in old age. For example, in the basilar artery intensity of laminin immunoreactivity decreased in old age at the medial-adventitial border, but showed no change in endothelial cell basal lamina and in the adventitia. Moreover, we performed in oculo transplants of blood vessels displaying differences in laminin immunoreactivity and found that the density of innervation correlated with the intensity of laminin staining, thus lending further support to the hypothesis that laminin might play a role in nerve fibre atrophy in old age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307955
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive terminals synapse exclusively with VIP cell bodies in the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum? (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Submucous plexus ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, previous light-microscopic studies have revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive terminals are found predominantly in association with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. In this study, double-label immunohistochemistry at the light-microscopic level demonstrated co-localization of NOS-immunoreactivity and VIP-immunoreactivity in axon terminals in submucous ganglia. About 90% of nerve fibres with NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity were immunoreactive for both antigens; only about 10% of labelled varicosities contained only NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP/NOS varicosities were more often seen in the central parts of the ganglia, close to the VIP-immunoreactive cell bodies. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with antibodies to VIP was used to determine if NOS/VIP terminals synapse exclusively with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. We examined the targets of VIP-immunoreactive boutons in two submucous ganglia from different animals. Serial ultrathin sections were taken through the ganglia after they had been processed for VIP immunocytochemistry. For each cell body, the number of VIP inputs (synapses and close contacts) was determined. The number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses received by the cell bodies of submucous neurons varied from 0–4 and the number of VIP-immunoreactive close contacts varied from 3–10. There was no significant difference between VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and non-VIP nerve cell bodies in the number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses and close contacts they received. Thus, the implication from light microscopy that NOS/VIP terminals end predominantly on VIP nerve cells was not vindicated by electron microscopy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417865
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efferent projections from the retrochiasmatic area to the median eminence and to the pars nervosa of the hypophysis with special reference to the A15 dopaminergic cell group in the sheep (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterograde tracers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; A15 dopaminergic group ; Retrochiasmatic area ; Prolactin secretion ; Sheep
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Anterograde tracers, viz. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and fluorescein dextran, were used in conjunction with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohisto-chemistry to study the projections of the A15 dopaminergic cell group towards the median eminence and pituitary in sheep. After injection of the tracers in the retrochiasmatic area, which contains the cell group A15, fibres containing anterograde tracer were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence and in the pars nervosa of the pituitary. Numerous tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers were present in the external zone of the median eminence and in the pars intermedia and the pars nervosa of the pituitary, with characteristic patterns of organisation in each area. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres containing fluorescein dextran were located in the pars nervosa, whereas only a few were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence. It was concluded that at least part of the dopaminergic innervation of the pars nervosa originated from the A15 group. These results provide morphological evidence for (1) the role of dopaminergic neurons of the A15 cell group in the seasonal control of prolactin secretion via the release of dopamine in the pars nervosa, and (2) putative physiological interactions between dopamine and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in sheep.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417874
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of spermadhesin AWN in the porcine male genital tract (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Zona pellucida-binding protein ; Boar spermadhesin ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Boar spermadhesin (AWN) is a 14-kDa multifunctional protein, attached to the surface of the spermatozoa and involved in sperm capacitation and zona pellucida binding. The cellular origin of AWN was previously unknown. Moreover, the region of the male genital tract in which AWN becomes attached to the surface of spermatozoa was also uncertain. By using monospecific polyclonal antibodies against AWN, the immunohistochemical distribution pattern of AWN epitopes has been investigated in tissue sections of the porcine male genital tract. Our study has revealed that AWN is synthesized in the rete testis and in the epithelium of the seminal vesicles. The latter are also the major contributors of seminal plasma AWN. In addition, immunoblotting analysis has shown that AWN is present on epididymal spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the cellular origin of spermadhesins is species-specific. The attachment of AWN to epididymal spermatozoa is probably important in developing the capacity for fertilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319144
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue- and cell-specific distribution of creatine kinase B: A new and highly specific monoclonal antibody for use in immunohistochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Creatine kinase ; B-subunit ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Western blot ; Mouse (C57BL/6) ; Rabbit (New Zealand White)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A synthetic 17-mer peptide corresponding to an unique sequence in the amino-terminal region of human creatine kinase B was used to raise a new and highly B-subunit-specific monoclonal antibody, CK-BYK/21E10. We show here that the monoclonal antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry of unfixed frozen sections as well as formaldehyde- or Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human, rabbit, and mouse tissues. Moreover, in the study of cell- and tissue-specific distribution patterns, parallel Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy is possible using this antibody. Our analyses demonstrate that creatine kinase B expression is restricted to a specific subset of cell types in various tissues. In brain, the B-subunit was found only in neurocytes, but not in glia cells. High expression was also observed in inner segments of photoreceptor cells and the outer plexiform layer of the retina, in the parietal cells of the stomach and in gut enterocytes, gallbladder and epithelial cells of the urogenital system. The possible roles of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine-ATP system in these tissues are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307817
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAMs, and their polysialylated forms, PSA-NCAMs, in the developing rat pituitary gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): NCAM ; PSA-NCAM ; Pituitary ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat(Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can undergo post-translational modifications, such as the addition of polysialic acid chains, thus generating PSANCAMs, which are expressed mainly during development. Since polysialylation considerably modifies NCAM adhesivity, expression of NCAMs and PSANCAMs has been investigated in the developing hypophysis by immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day 13 (E13), an antibody against NCAM outlined all cellular profiles in the entire Rathke's pouch; this labelling persisted until adulthood. NCAM expression increased in all lobes during development and concerned all pituitary cell types. In contrast, at E13, PSA-NCAMs were only detected in the neural lobe, solely constituted of pituicytes at this stage, and the tuberal lobe, the only lobe expressing hormonal mRNA at the same stage. PSA-NCAMs expression increased in the neural lobe at E17 with the arrival of the neurosecretory fibres and persisted into adulthood. In the anterior lobe, PSA-NCAMs appeared at E15 where their distribution was similar to that of the differentiating corticotrophic cells; at subsequent stages, their expression extended to the whole anterior lobe. Only two cell types, corticotrophic and somatotrophic cells, remained labelled in the adult gland. In the intermediate lobe, melanotrophic cells never expressed PSA-NCAMs but these were expressed on folliculo-stellate cells at birth, preceding the onset of innervation. These results suggest that NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs play a role in pituitary histogenesis, cell differentiation and neurointermediate lobe innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307820
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in expression of two endogenous β-galactoside-binding isolectins in the dermis of chick embryonic skin during development in ovo and in vitro (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Dermis ; Skin ; Chick embryo ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinization ; Mucous metaplasia ; Domestic fowl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to elucidate the roles of metal-independent animal lectins, we systematically investigated changes in expression of 2 kinds of β-galactoside-binding isolectins (MW 14 and 16 kDa) in the dermis of chick embryonic tarsometatarsal skin during the course of development. These lectins were immunohistochemically located at different stages of development both in ovo and in vitro by light and electron microscopy. Light-microscopic observation showed that while positive staining for the 14-kDa lectin was weak at days 8 and 10 it became intense after day 13. In contrast, staining for the 16-kDa lectin was intense at days 8, 10, and 13, but it became weak after day 17 when keratinization of the epidermis was completed. Immuno-electron-microscopic observation revealed that both the 14 and 16-kDa lectins were located on the basement membrane, in the extracellular matrix, and in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of dermal fibroblasts. Distribution of the 2 isolectins was also examined in cultured skin explants in vitro. The results were almost the same as those obtained in ovo when the skin explant was keratinized in the presence of hydrocortisone. However, in the skin explant where keratinization was prevented and mucous metaplasia was induced by the addition of vitamin A, the distribution of the 14-kDa lectin in the epidermis was significantly affected. These results indicate that (1) the expression of the 2 isolectins is differently regulated in both the dermis and epidermis, (2) the 16-kDa lectin is involved in the early stage of the formation of the dermis and the basement membrane and is replaced by the 14-kDa lectin as keratinization of the epidermis occurs, and (3) the expression of the 2 isolectins in the dermis is not significantly affected by the induction of mucous metaplasia, in contrast to their drastic changes in the epidermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300686
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neuron-specific enolase in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl during post-hatching development (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal organ ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Post-hatching development ; Domestic fowl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) revealed that NSE is localized in both a limited number of pinealocytes and intrinsic afferent neurons in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl. Furthermore, a computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging technique allowed to clarify the reverse distributional pattern of both elements: NSE-positive pinealocytes displayed a dense distribution especially in the vesicular portion of the gland, whereas NSE-immunoreactive nerve cells were mainly found in the pineal stalk. The number of NSE-positive intrinsic neurons in the pineal organ of chickens decreased rapidly after hatching, with a concentration of these elements in the basal portion (stalk) of the pineal organ. On the other hand, immunoreactive pinealocytes increased remarkably in the end-vesicle of the organ with age, followed by a gradual expansion toward the proximal portion. Thus, the spectacular increase in NSE-positive pinealocytes and the progressive reduction of reactive neurons occurred in parallel during the course of post-hatching development. NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes displayed morphological characteristics of bipolar elements, endowed with an apical protrusion into the pineal lumen and a short basal process at younger stages, whereas multipolar types of NSE-positive pinealocytes were predominantly found in the adult domestic fowl. These results indicate that in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl (1) the ontogenetic expansion of NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes is paralleled by a regressive afferent innervation, (2) the NSE-positive pinealocytes transform from a bipolar (columnar) type to a multipolar type during post-hatching development, and (3) these ontogenetic changes in the NSE-immunoreactivity and morphology of pinealocytes may reflect the development of a neurosecretory-like capacity of the organ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300688
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of CD44, the hyaluronate receptor; on the plasma membrane of osteocytes and osteoclasts in rat tibiae (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CD44, adhesion molecule ; Bone ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule that binds to hyaluronic acid, type I collagen, and fibronectin. We have studied the immunohistochemical localization of CD44 in bone cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify its role in the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interaction of bone cells. In round osteoblasts attached to bone surfaces, immunoreactivity is restricted to their cytoplasmic processes. On the other hand, osteocytes in bone matrices show intense immunoreactivity on their plasma membrane. Intense immunoreactivity for CD44 can be detected on the basolateral plasma membranes of osteoclasts. There is considerably less reactivity observed in the area of the plasma membrane that is in direct contact with bone. The pre-embedding electron-microscopical method has revealed that CD44 is mainly localized on the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. However, the ruffled border and clear zone show little immunoreactivity. A CD44-positive reaction can be detected on both plasma membranes in the contact region between osteoclasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that: 1) cells of the osteoblast lineage express CD44 in accordance with their morphological changes from osteoblasts into osteocytes; 2) osteoclasts express CD44 on their basolateral plasma membrane; 3) CD44 in osteoclasts and osteocytes may play an important role in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix attachment via extracellular matrices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307793
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunophenotypic evidence for distinct populations of microglia in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 665-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microglia ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Phagocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Long Evans)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The morphology, distribution and immunophenotype of microglia throughout the adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was examined. Four macrophage-associated antibodies (OX-42, F4/80, ED1 and ED2) were used; the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated by use of antibodies against OX-6, OX-17 (MHC class II) and OX-18 (MHC class I). Three distinct types of microglia were identified. The first was located in the magnocellular nuclei; these ‘radially branched’ (‘ramified’) microglia had round cell bodies and long branched processes, and were strongly immunoreactive only for OX-42. The second was located outside the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis often close to blood vessels; these ‘compact’ microglia had irregular cell bodies and shorter processes, and were strongly labelled by OX-42 and F4/80, weakly labelled by OX-18, and generally unlabelled by ED1, ED2, OX-6 and OX-17. The third type was found in small numbers throughout the system at the surface of the neurvous tissue or around blood vessels; these ‘perivascular’ microglia were elongated cells with no branching processes, and were strongly labelled by ED1, ED2, OX-18, OX-6, OX-17 and F4/80 antibodies but showed variable OX-42 immunoreactivity. Cells in a perivascular location were heterogeneous with respect to their immunophenotype. The presence in the normal adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of MHC class-II molecules (OX-6 and OX-17) on a sub-set of perivascular microglia suggests that these cells are capable of presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. The microglia, which lie on either side of the blood-brain barrier, are well placed to facilitate interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318369
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050283
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of microfibril-associated components in the posterior chamber of the eye (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Microfibrils ; Ciliary zonule ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Fibrillin ; Freeze substitution ; Glycol methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6J) ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Connective tissue microfibrils were observed in tissues prepared with methods believed to minimize the loss of tissue components. The eyes of C57BL/6J mice were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by either freeze substitution, or embedding in glycol methacrylate, a water-miscible embedding medium, after limited or no dehydration. In these preparations, microfibrils were present within sheet-like layers observed in the posterior chamber of the eye. The material enclosing the microfibrils that formed the layer was also preserved, at least partially, by fixation of the tissue with uranyl acetate or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as observed in the chick eye. This microfibril-associated material was found to be composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as shown by positive immunostaining for HSPG, as well as by identification of 4.5 nm-wide HSPG double tracks as its major constituent. When a considerable amount of this material was lost in KMnO4-fixed tissues, the remaining portion was preserved in the form of clusters of about 50 nm in width which were periodically adhered along the length of microfibrils. At the center of each cluster, a minute dark particulate structure was present. It was composed of an approximately 10 nm-wide polygonal assembly of 3.5 nm-wide ring-like structures, and was, in unfixed chick eyes, positively immunostained for fibrillin. The periodicity of HSPG clusters, and of fibrillin, along the length of immunostained microfibrils was similar, ranging from 45 nm to 65 nm. These observations indicate that fibrillin is periodically associated at the surface of “classical” microfibrils, and it may mediate the association of large amounts of HSPG to microfibrils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050285
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunophenotypic evidence for distinct populations of microglia in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 665-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Microglia ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Phagocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Long Evans)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The morphology, distribution and immunophenotype of microglia throughout the adult rat hypo- thalamo-neurohypophysial system was examined. Four macrophage-associated antibodies (OX-42, F4/80, ED1 and ED2) were used; the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated by use of antibodies against OX-6, OX-17 (MHC class II) and OX-18 (MHC class I). Three distinct types of microglia were identified. The first was located in the magnocellular nuclei; these ’radially branched’ (’ramified’) microglia had round cell bodies and long branched processes, and were strongly immunoreactive only for OX-42. The second was located outside the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis often close to blood vessels; these ’compact’ microglia had irregular cell bodies and shorter processes, and were strongly labelled by OX-42 and F4/80, weakly labelled by OX-18, and generally unlabelled by ED1, ED2, OX-6 and OX-17. The third type was found in small numbers throughout the system at the surface of the nervous tissue or around blood vessels; these ’perivascular’ microglia were elongated cells with no branching processes, and were strongly labelled by ED1, ED2, OX-18, OX-6, OX-17 and F4/80 antibodies but showed variable OX-42 immunoreactivity. Cells in a perivascular location were heterogeneous with respect to their immunophenotype. The presence in the normal adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of MHC class-II molecules (OX-6 and OX-17) on a sub-set of perivascular microglia suggests that these cells are capable of presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. The microglia, which lie on either side of the blood-brain barrier, are well placed to facilitate interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318369
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular wholemounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318484
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; pars distalis ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stickleback ; Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) studies on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of brain extracts of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, provided evidence for at least two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). One form showed chromatographic and immunological properties similar to that of synthetic salmon GnRH (sGnRH). A second, unidentified form of GnRH eluted in the same position as chicken GnRH I (cGnRH-I); however, it did not cross-react in a cGnRH-I RIA. Furthermore, it cannot be excluded that chicken GnRH II (cGnRH-II) and maybe one other unidentified form are present in the stickleback. The distribution of GnRH in the brain of breeding adult male sticklebacks was studied by use of immunohistochemistry. Two antisera against sGnRH and antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II were applied on cryosections and visualized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Staining patterns were similar after incubations with all four antisera. Immunoreactive fibers were found in most parts of the brain. Three distinct groups of GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the nucleus olfactoretinalis, in the nucleus anterior periventricularis, and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. Moreover, weakly stained cells occurred in a periventricular position in the midbrain. The proximal pars distalis of the pituitary, housing the gonadotropic cells, was richly innervated by GnRH-positive fibers. In the pars intermedia and in the rostral pars distalis, immunoreactive fibers were absent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050309
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distinct gene expression of the pro-hormone convertases in the rat heart suggests potential substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pro-hormone convertases ; Cardiovascular tissues ; Pro-atrial natriuretic factor ; Pro-endothelin ; Processing ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The present study examined the distribution of the pro-hormone convertases PC1, PC2, furin, PACE4 and PC5 in the rat heart. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from cardiac tissues showed high levels of furin and PACE4 mRNA in the atria and ventricles, while PC5 mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the dorsal aorta. Although undetectable by Northern blot analysis, both PC1 and PC2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in discrete regions of the intracardiac para-aortic ganglia. In situ hybridization studies also showed that furin mRNA was observed in all cardiac tissues and cells, consistent with the previously reported ubiquitous expression of this gene. PACE4 mRNA was highly abundant in both the atria and ventricular cardiomyocytes, with low to undetectable levels observed in blood vessels. Finally, PC5 transcripts were expressed in the endothelial cells lining coronary vessels and the valve leaflets of the heart. The present localization studies in the heart and cardiac blood vessels suggests potential roles for each convertase in the processing of various neuropeptides, hormones and growth factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050313
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ellipsoids ; Spleen ; Immune complexes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. After 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. The colocalisation of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin M and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofluorescence technique and suggested that horseradish peroxidase was trapped in the form of immune complexes. After 24 and 48 h, very little horseradish peroxidase was detected in the ellipsoids, and horseradish peroxidase was mainly found in association with large cells with prominent cytoplasmic extensions. In nonimmunised fish given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, antigen was not detected in ellipsoids. Thus, the observed difference between immunised and nonimmunised trout suggests a specific role for the splenic ellipsoids in rapid immune-complex trapping and invites speculation on its significance in a secondary immune response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319131
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of seminal proteins in salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Lacrimal gland ; Male accessory sex glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Androgen-dependent protein secretion ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Antibodies against 10 different secretory proteins from the accessory sex glands of the male rat were used for immunohistochemical studies of salivary and lacrimal glands from intact and castrated rats, at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. In the parotid gland, secretory acinar cells showed immunoreactivity with antibodies against prostatic binding protein, cystatin-related peptide and acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 8.0; 5.6) typical of ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle secretion VI. Western blotting analysis indicated that immunoreactivity against prostatic binding protein was attributable to a subunit, presumably C3. Acid phosphatase pI 5.6 showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa, which is at variance with the prostatic form. Immunoreactivity for secretory transglutaminase, derived from the coagulating gland, was restricted to myoepithelial and stromal cells. In castrated animals, the immunoreactivity of acinar cells was reduced to the background level, whereas stromal transglutaminase immunoreactivity was unaltered. The distribution pattern of immunoreactivity for the proteins mentioned was almost identical in the lacrimal gland. Significant differences were however observed in the immunoreactivity of the inframandibular gland, where serous glandular cells were non-immunoreactive for seminal proteins, with the exception of acid phosphatase isoenzyme pI 8.0. Granules present in the convoluted granular ducts were immunoreactive particularly for acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 5.6)but much less for cystatin-related peptide; immunoreactivity was reduced after castration. The straight portion of the inframandibular duct system was immunoreactive for transglutaminase, but no influence of castration was visible. The distribution of immunoreactivity for seminal proteins present in the salivary and lacrimal glands and the pronounced androgen-dependence of their expression point to functional relationships of the respective proteins at both glandular sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304522
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of secretory acetylcholinesterase of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Acetylcholinesterase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin ; Nippostrongylusbrasiliensis (Scolecida) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Various parasitic nematodes secrete acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the localization of AChE in the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the secretory forms of AChE in culture fluid were examined. A thiocholine method revealed that AChE activity was localized in the subventral glands, which have a secretory and excretory function via a duct connected to the excretory pore. By electron microscopy, AChE activity was found mainly in the matrix of secretory granules, and sometimes in the Golgi apparatus in the subventral gland cells. These results show that nematode AChE is produced and stored in the subventral glands. Monoclonal antibodies against AChE of human erythrocytes or electric rays also bound to the nematode subventral gland, suggesting immuno-cross-reactivity of AChE among these species. When AChE activity in the nematode excretory-secretory product was examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with the thiocholine met hod, intense activity was demonstrated as a single band at 74 kDa. Immunoblot analysis showed specific recognition of this molecule by IgE and IgG1 antibodies, but not by IgG2a antibody, in nematode-infected rat sera. These results indicate that the nematode AChE molecule produced in and secreted from the subventral glands is antigenic for the production of IgE/IgG1 in host animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304511
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of seminal proteins in salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Salivary glands ; Lacrimal gland ; Male accessory sex glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Androgen-dependent protein secretion ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Antibodies against 10 different secretory proteins from the accessory sex glands of the male rat were used for immunohistochemical studies of salivary and lacrimal glands from intact and castrated rats, at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. In the parotid gland, secretory acinar cells showed immunoreactivity with antibodies against prostatic binding protein, cystatin-related peptide and acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 8.0; 5.6) typical of ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle secretion VI. Western blotting analysis indicated that immunoreactivity against prostatic binding protein was attributable to a subunit, presumably C3. Acid phosphatase pI 5.6 showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa, which is at variance with the prostatic form. Immunoreactivity for secretory transglutaminase, derived from the coagulating gland, was restricted to myoepithelial and stromal cells. In castrated animals, the immunoreactivity of acinar cells was reduced to the backgroun d level, whereas stromal transglutaminase immunoreactivity was unaltered. The distribution pattern of immunoreactivity for the proteins mentioned was almost identical in the lacrimal gland. Significant differences were however observed in the immunoreactivity of the inframandibular gland, where serous glandular cells were non-immunoreactive for seminal proteins, with the exception of acid phosphatase isoenzyme pI 8.0. Granules present in the convoluted granular ducts were immunoreactive particularly for acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 5.6) but much less for cystatin-related peptide; immunoreactivity was reduced after castration. The straight portion of the inframandibular duct system was immunoreactive for transglutaminase, but no influence of castration was visible. The distribution of immunoreactivity for seminal proteins present in the salivary and lacrimal glands and the pronounced androgen-dependence of their expression point to functional relationships of the respective proteins at both gla ndular sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304522
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated by immunofluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreas ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling for eight neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of certain neuropeptides in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide (FMRF), and galanin (GAL) was localized in nerve fibers distributed between the acini and around the duct system and vasculature of the exocrine pancreas. In these regions, CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were more numerous than those containing the other five peptides. Almost all SP fibers showed coexistence of SP with CGRP, and about one third of fibers also showed coexistence of SP with VIP, NPY, FMRF, and GAL. In the endocrine pancreas, SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL were recognized in the nerve fibers around and within the islets of Langerhans, and VIP and GAL fibers were more numerous than SP and CGRP fibers. All CGRP fibers, and about half of the VIP and GAL fibers were immunoreactive for SP. NPY- and FMRF-immunoreactive cells were found at the periphery of the islets. These findings suggest that the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions of the bullfrog are under the control of peptidergic innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307803
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical examination of intraspinal serotonin neurons and fibers in the chicken lumbar spinal cord and coexistence with Leu-enkephalin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ; Enkephalin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken (White leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Intraspinal serotonin–positive cells and fibers were examined in the chicken lumbar spinal cord following removal of descending serotonin fibers by spinal transection. Co-localization of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in intraspinal serotonin cells was also examined using a double immunofluorescence labeling technique. By one or two weeks after spinal transection, virtually all supraspinal serotonin fibers were eliminated. Intraspinal serotonin cells were located ventral or ventrolateral to the central canal corresponding to laminae VII, VIII, and IX, and the anterior funiculus. Intraspinal serotonin cells sent fibers to (1) the pia mater on the ventral or ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord; (2) vessels in the spinal cord; (3) sympathetic preganglionic column of Terni; (4) other intraspinal serotonin neurons; (5) the central canal. Some 30%–50% of the intraspinal serotonin cells co-localized with Leu-enkephalin. Intraspinal serotonin fibers co-containing Leu-enkephalin were observed in the pia mater located on the most lateral surface of the spinal cord.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050490
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytocin-producing and vasopressin-producing eosinophils in the mouse spleen: immunohistochemical, immuno-electron-microscopic and in situ hybridization studies (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactive cells, and the cells expressing mRNAs for these peptides in the spleen of the C57BL/6 mouse were studied by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Immunoreactive cells were distributed mainly in the splenic cord and marginal zone, whereas there were few in the lymphocyte-packed periarteriolar-lymphoid sheath, lymphoid follicle and germinal center. More numerous vasopressin-positive cells were seen in the splenic cord. The colocalization of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the same cells was identified by the investigation of mirror sections. By the pre-embedding immuno-electron-microscopic method using antisera against oxytocin and vasopressin, immunopositive reaction products were localized in the matrix around the specific granules, small clear vesicles and mitochondrial membrane of the eosinophils. No immunoreactivity to these peptides was found within the specific granules of the eosinophils. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes labeled with 32P revealed the presence of mRNAs for oxytocin and vasopressin in the cells of the spleen, the distribution of the mRNAs for these peptides being the same as that of immunopositive cells. These observations suggest that eosinophils synthesize both oxytocin and vasopressin and store them in the matrix. Possible differences in the mechanism of synthesis and storage of these peptides between peripheral eosinophils and hypothalamic neurons are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307953
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