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  • Articles  (109)
  • Cell Line  (50)
  • Cells, Cultured  (36)
  • Transcription, Genetic  (30)
  • Models, Molecular
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (109)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Emerald
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (109)
  • 1985  (109)
  • Computer Science  (109)
Collection
  • Articles  (109)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (109)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Emerald
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (109)
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
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    Identification of the protein encoded by the E6 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-25
    Description: Papillomaviruses (PV) contain several conserved genes that may encode nonstructural proteins; however, none of these predicted gene products have been identified. Papillomavirus E6 genes are retained and expressed as RNA in PV-associated human and animal carcinomas and cell lines. This suggests that the E6 gene product may be important in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. The E6 open reading frame of the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) genome has been identified as one of two BPV genes that can independently transform mouse cells in vitro. A polypeptide encoded by this region of BPV was produced in a bacterial expression vector and used to raise antisera. The antisera specifically immunoprecipitated the predicted 15.5-kilodalton BPV E6 protein from cells transformed by the E6 gene. The E6 protein was identified in both the nuclear and membrane fractions of these transformed cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Androphy, E J -- Schiller, J T -- Lowy, D R -- 5-F32-CA-07237/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):442-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tumor Virus Infections/genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Fluorescence digital imaging microscopy in cell biology (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: Developments in microscope, sensor, and image-processing technologies have led to integrated systems for the quantification of low-light-level emission signals from biological samples. Specificity is provided in the form of monoclonal antibodies and other ligands or enzyme substrates conjugated with efficient fluorophores. Fluorescent probes are also available for cellular macromolecular constituents and for free ions of biological interest such as H+ and Ca2+. The entire spectrum of photophysical phenomena can be exploited. Representative data are presented from studies of DNA conformation and architecture in polytene chromosomes and from studies of receptor-mediated endocytosis, calcium distribution, and the organization of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arndt-Jovin, D J -- Robert-Nicoud, M -- Kaufman, S J -- Jovin, T M -- FO6 TWOO960/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):247-56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analog-Digital Conversion ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells/*cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; Drosophila ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/*methods ; Salivary Glands/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Isolation of a mammalian sequence capable of conferring cell cycle regulation to a heterologous gene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: A hybrid gene containing the 5' sequence of a hamster histone H3 gene and the coding sequence of the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene (neo) was constructed. Upon transfection into the hamster fibroblast cell line K12, the hybrid gene exhibited cell cycle-dependent regulation, as evidenced by the maximal accumulation of the neo transcripts during synthesis of DNA in the cell cycle. In addition, cells arrested in the prereplicative phase, as a consequence of the K12 temperature-sensitive mutation, produced significantly less neo messenger RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Artishevsky, A -- Grafsky, A -- Lee, A S -- GM 31138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1061-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4059922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; Cricetinae ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Resistance ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/*genetics ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Poly A/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A catalytic RNA and its gene from Salmonella typhimurium (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: The gene for the RNA subunit (M1 RNA) of ribonuclease P from Salmonella typhimurium directs the synthesis of an RNA that can cleave transfer RNA precursor molecules. The mature M1 RNA coded for by Salmonella typhimurium is 375 nucleotides long and has six nucleotide changes in comparison to M1 RNA from Escherichia coli. The regions for promotion and termination of transcription are closely conserved, but adjacent regions of nucleotide sequences show considerable drift.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baer, M -- Altman, S -- GM19422/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):999-1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2408335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endoribonucleases/*analysis ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Genes, Bacterial ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA/genetics ; RNA Precursors ; RNA, Bacterial/*genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Ribonuclease P ; Salmonella typhimurium/enzymology/*genetics ; Terminator Regions, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Reversibility of progression of the transformed phenotype in Ad5-transformed rat embryo cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The carcinogenic process is extremely complex and is affected by diverse environmental and host factors. The mechanism for the gradual development of the transformed phenotype (a process termed "progression") was studied in type 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-transformed rat embryo cells. Progression was not correlated with major changes in the pattern of integration of viral DNA sequences. Instead, it was associated with an increased methylation of integrated viral sequences other than those corresponding to the E1 transforming genes of Ad5. A single exposure of progressed cells to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (Aza) resulted in a stable reversion to the unprogressed state of the original parental clone. A further selection of cells after growth in agar allowed the isolation of Aza-treated clones that had regained the progressed phenotype. These observations indicate that progression is a reversible process and suggest that progression may be associated with changes in the state of methylation of one or more specific genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babiss, L E -- Zimmer, S G -- Fisher, P B -- CA-33434/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35675/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1099-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; Animals ; Azacitidine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; *Methylation ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Natural plant chemicals: sources of industrial and medicinal materials (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plant cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balandrin, M F -- Klocke, J A -- Wurtele, E S -- Bollinger, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1154-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification ; Cells, Cultured ; Insecticides/isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Plant Growth Regulators/isolation & purification ; *Plants/analysis ; *Plants, Medicinal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides from circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: In a study of recombinant proteins that might be useful in developing a vaccine against malaria, synthetic peptides from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum were found to be immunogenic for mice and rabbits. Antibody to peptides from the repeating region of the CS protein recognized native CS protein and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. Antibodies to peptides from regions I and II had no biologic activity, although antibody to region I recognized processed CS protein by Western blot analysis. These data support the feasibility of developing a vaccine against the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite by using synthetic peptides of the repeating region of the CS protein conjugated to a carrier protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ballou, W R -- Rothbard, J -- Wirtz, R A -- Gordon, D M -- Williams, J S -- Gore, R W -- Schneider, I -- Hollingdale, M R -- Beaudoin, R L -- Maloy, W L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cross Reactions ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Liver Neoplasms ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mice ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Plasmodium/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology/physiology ; Precipitin Tests ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Rabbits ; Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Active T-cell receptor genes have intron deoxyribonuclease hypersensitive sites (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: The T-cell receptor beta-chain gene has a nuclease hypersensitive site in several kinds of T cells, which does not appear in B cells expressing immunoglobulins. Conversely, the kappa immunoglobulin gene shows a known hypersensitive site at its enhancer element in B cells, as expected, but this site is absent in T cells. As is the case with immunoglobulin genes, the T-cell receptor site lies within the gene, in the intron separating joining and constant region segments. These nuclease hypersensitive DNA configurations in the introns of active T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes may arise from control elements that share ancestry but have diverged to the extent that each normally acts only in lymphoid cells which use the proximal gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bier, E -- Hashimoto, Y -- Greene, M I -- Maxam, A M -- AI 19901/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 22427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):528-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3927483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Collodion ; Deoxyribonuclease I/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Immunochemistry ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Plasticity of the differentiated state (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: Heterokaryons provide a model system in which to examine how tissue-specific phenotypes arise and are maintained. When muscle cells are fused with nonmuscle cells, muscle gene expression is activated in the nonmuscle cell type. Gene expression was studied either at a single cell level with monoclonal antibodies or in mass cultures at a biochemical and molecular level. In all of the nonmuscle cell types tested, including representatives of different embryonic lineages, phenotypes, and developmental stages, muscle gene expression was induced. Differences among cell types in the kinetics, frequency, and gene dosage requirements for gene expression provide clues to the underlying regulatory mechanisms. These results show that the expression of genes in the nuclei of differentiated cells is remarkably plastic and susceptible to modulation by the cytoplasm. The isolation of the genes encoding the tissue-specific trans-acting regulators responsible for muscle gene activation should now be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blau, H M -- Pavlath, G K -- Hardeman, E C -- Chiu, C P -- Silberstein, L -- Webster, S G -- Miller, S C -- Webster, C -- GM07149/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM26717/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD18179/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):758-66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2414846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Epidermis/cytology ; Fetus/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; HeLa Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Keratins/physiology ; Kinetics ; Liver/cytology ; Mice ; Muscle Development ; Muscles/cytology ; Myosins/genetics ; Phenotype ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Biosynthesis and secretion of proatrial natriuretic factor by cultured rat cardiocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is translated as a 152-amino acid precursor preproANF. PreproANF is converted to the 126-amino acid proANF, the storage form of ANF in the atria. ANF isolated from the blood is approximately 25 amino acids long. It is demonstrated here that rat cardiocytes in culture store and secrete proANF. Incubation of proANF with serum produced a smaller ANF peptide. PreproANF seems to be processed to proANF in the atria, and proANF appears to be released into the blood, where it is converted by a protease to a smaller peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloch, K D -- Scott, J A -- Zisfein, J B -- Fallon, J T -- Margolies, M N -- Seidman, C E -- Matsueda, G R -- Homcy, C J -- Graham, R M -- Seidman, J G -- 1R23CA33570/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL07208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL26215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1168-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; Autoradiography ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart/physiology ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Selective inhibition of fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion by monoclonal antibodies to a cell-surface glycoprotein (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Fibroblasts possess several distinct mechanisms that control cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix macromolecules. Monoclonal antibodies to a 140-kilodalton (kD) cell surface glycoprotein inhibited the adhesion of fibroblastic Chinese hamster ovary cells to fibronectin-coated substrata but did not inhibit adhesion to substrata coated with vitronectin, laminin, serum, or other adhesive macromolecules. Thus the 140-kD glycoprotein appears to be involved in the fibronectin-mediated adhesion mechanism but not in other adhesion processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, P J -- Juliano, R L -- GM26165/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/immunology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Glycoproteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Association of crossover points with topoisomerase I cleavage sites: a model for nonhomologous recombination (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: Nonhomologous DNA recombination is frequently observed in somatic cells upon the introduction of DNA into cells or in chromosomal events involving sequences already stably carried by the genome. In this report, the DNA sequences at the crossover points for excision of SV40 from chromosomes were shown to be associated with eukaryotic topoisomerase I cleavage sites in vitro. The precise location of the cleavage sites relative to the crossover points has suggested a general model for nonhomologous recombination mediated by topoisomerase I.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bullock, P -- Champoux, J J -- Botchan, M -- CA 30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/*metabolism ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Simian virus 40/*genetics
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  • 13
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    Imaging elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells with ion microscopy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Both elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells have been imaged by ion microscopy. Morphological and chemical information was obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 micron for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in freeze-fixed, cryofractured, and freeze-dried normal rat kidney cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ion transport was successfully demonstrated by imaging Na+-K+ fluxes after the inhibition of Na+- and K+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase with ouabain. This method allows measurements of elemental (isotopic) distribution to be related to cell morphology, thereby providing the means for studying ion distribution and ion transport under different physiological, pathological, and toxicological conditions in cell culture systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandra, S -- Morrison, G H -- R01GM24314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Elements/*analysis ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Kidney/*ultrastructure ; Magnesium/analysis ; Microscopy/methods ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovary/*ultrastructure ; Potassium/analysis ; Rats ; Sodium/analysis ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 14
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    Disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers by fibrinogen fragment D (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Fibrinogen fragment D, which is heterogeneous, has several important biological functions. Human fibrinogen fragments D94 (molecular weight, 94,000), D78 (78,000), and E (52,000) were purified. Fragments D78 and D94 but not purified fibrinogen or fragment E specifically caused disorganization of bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured as monolayers. Within 2 hours of exposure to pathophysiological concentrations of fragment D, the confluent endothelial cells retracted from each other and projected pseudopodia. These disturbed cells subsequently became rounded and detached from the substrate. The actin present in stress fibers in stationary monolayer cells was diffusely redistributed in cells with fragment D-induced alterations in morphology. This effect was not observed in monolayers of kidney epithelial cells. The results demonstrate a specific effect of fibrinogen fragment D on the disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers and suggest that fragment D plays a role in the pathogenesis of syndromes with vascular endothelial damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dang, C V -- Bell, W R -- Kaiser, D -- Wong, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1487-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/analysis ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cattle ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeleton/drug effects ; Endothelium/analysis/*cytology/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pseudopodia/drug effects
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  • 15
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    Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by a synthetic peptide homologous to retroviral envelope proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-25
    Description: The retroviral transmembrane envelope protein p15E is immunosuppressive in that it inhibits immune responses of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. A region of p15E has been conserved among murine and feline retroviruses; a homologous region is also found in the transmembrane envelope proteins of the human retroviruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II and in a putative envelope protein encoded by an endogenous C-type human retroviral DNA. A peptide (CKS-17) was synthesized to correspond to this region of homology and was examined for its effects on lymphocyte proliferation. CKS-17 inhibited the proliferation of an interleukin-2-dependent murine cytotoxic T-cell line as well as alloantigen-stimulated proliferation of murine and human lymphocytes. Four other peptides, representing different regions of virus proteins, were inactive. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive portion of retroviral transmembrane envelope proteins may reside, at least in part, in a-conserved sequence represented by the CKS-17 peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cianciolo, G J -- Copeland, T D -- Oroszlan, S -- Snyderman, R -- P01-CA29589-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R23-CA34671-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):453-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Feline/genetics ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Spleen/cytology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Cell-specific expression of the rat insulin gene: evidence for role of two distinct 5' flanking elements (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: The 5' flanking DNA of the rat insulin I gene contains sequences controlling cell-specific expression. Analysis of this region by replacement of specific portions with nondiscriminatory control elements from viral systems shows that a transcriptional enhancer is located in the distal portion of the 5' flanking DNA; its position has been mapped by deletion analysis. Additional experiments suggest that another distinct regulatory element is located more proximal to the transcription start site. The activity of both elements is restricted to pancreatic B cells. The combinatorial effect of multiple control elements could explain the cell-specific expression of insulin genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edlund, T -- Walker, M D -- Barr, P J -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 28520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):912-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3904002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Chromosome Mapping ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Insulin/*genetics ; Islets of Langerhans/*physiology ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 17
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    Diagnostic ultrasound and sister chromatid exchanges: failure to reproduce positive findings (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Human lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to ultrasound from two clinical devices, one of which was previously reported to have increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. The ultrasonic exposures had no significant effect on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges from three blood donors. Exposure to ultrasound also had no effect on cell cycle progression. A concomitant positive control (mitomycin C) resulted in a significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciaravino, V -- Brulfert, A -- Miller, M W -- Jacobson-Kram, D -- Morgan, W F -- ES03000/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES03238/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM22680/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3883487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; *Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Ultrasonography/*adverse effects
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  • 18
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    Gene expression in mice after high efficiency retroviral-mediated gene transfer (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eglitis, M A -- Kantoff, P -- Gilboa, E -- Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow/microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; *Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Spleen/microbiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 19
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    Vitamin E reversal of the effect of extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fariss, M W -- Pascoe, G A -- Reed, D J -- ES01978/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES07060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3918345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcimycin/toxicity ; Calcium/*physiology ; Carmustine/toxicity ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/toxicity ; Liver/cytology/*drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vitamin E/*physiology
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  • 20
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    Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giulian, D -- Lachman, L B -- EY04915/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA38043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR5511/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3872478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/*pathology ; Brain Injuries/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods ; Interleukin-1/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Isoelectric Focusing ; *Mitogens ; Oligodendroglia/pathology ; Rats
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  • 21
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    Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: The transfer of the human gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) into human bone marrow cells was accomplished by use of a retroviral vector. The cells were infected in vitro with a replication-incompetent murine retroviral vector that carried and expressed a mutant HPRT complementary DNA. The infected cells were superinfected with a helper virus and maintained in long-term culture. The production of progeny HPRT virus by the bone marrow cells was demonstrated with a colony formation assay on cultured HPRT-deficient, ouabain-resistant murine fibroblasts. Hematopoietic progenitor cells able to form colonies of granulocytes or macrophages (or both) in semisolid medium in the presence of colony stimulating factor were present in the nonadherent cell population. Colony forming units cloned in agar and subsequently cultured in liquid medium produced progeny HPRT virus, indicating infection of this class of hematopoietic progenitor cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, H E -- Finley, K D -- Hershberg, R M -- Katzman, S S -- Laikind, P K -- Seegmiller, J E -- Friedmann, T -- Yee, J K -- Jolly, D J -- AM 13622/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 28223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1057-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3864246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Mice ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transfection
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  • 22
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    Coexpression of translocated and normal c-myc oncogenes in hybrids between Daudi and lymphoblastoid cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Mechanisms that affect the transcription of the c-myc oncogene take part in the development of B-cell neoplasias such as Burkitt's lymphoma. Daudi Burkitt lymphoma cells, which express only the translocated c-myc oncogene, were hybridized with human lymphoblastoid cells, which express the normal c-myc gene; the hybrids were phenotypically lymphoblastoid and expressed both the translocated and the normal c-myc gene. This result contrasts with the findings that the decapitated c-myc gene, translocated to an immunoglobulin switch mu or alpha region, is transcriptionally silent in lymphoblastoid hybrids. Thus, there may be at least two distinct enhancer-like elements capable of deregulating c-myc transcription in lymphomas and leukemias with t(8;14) chromosome translocations. In addition, since the Daudi X lymphoblastoid hybrids express both the translocated and the normal c-myc gene, the c-myc gene product does not autoregulate c-myc transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Croce, C M -- Erikson, J -- Huebner, K -- Nishikura, K -- CA 16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 36521/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1235-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3856319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 23
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    Genotoxicity of formaldehyde in cultured human bronchial fibroblasts (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: Formaldehyde, a common environmental pollutant, inhibits repair of O6-methylguanine and potentiates the mutagenicity of an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, in normal human fibroblasts. Because formaldehyde alone also causes mutations in human cells, the compound may cause genotoxicity by a dual mechanism of directly damaging DNA and inhibiting repair of mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA lesions caused by other chemical and physical carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grafstrom, R C -- Curren, R D -- Yang, L L -- Harris, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):89-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bronchi/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Repair/*drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Formaldehyde/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylnitrosourea/pharmacology ; Mutagens/*pharmacology
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  • 24
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    Immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer requires one or more tissue-specific factors (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: Enhancer sequences are regulatory regions that greatly increase transcription of certain eukaryotic genes. An immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene segment is moved from a region lacking enhancer activity to a position adjacent to the known heavy-chain enhancer early in B-cell maturation. In lymphoid cells, the heavy-chain and SV40 enhancers bind a common factor essential for enhancer function. In contrast, fibroblast cells contain a functionally distinct factor that is used by the SV40 but not by the heavy-chain enhancer. The existence of different factors in these cells may explain the previously described lymphoid cell specificity of the heavy-chain enhancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercola, M -- Goverman, J -- Mirell, C -- Calame, K -- GM29361/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):266-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3917575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; *Genes, Regulator ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 25
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    AIDS virology: a battle on many fronts (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):518-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2413546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*microbiology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antigens, Viral/analysis/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cross Reactions ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/microbiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Terminology as Topic ; United States ; Viral Core Proteins/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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  • 26
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    Brain "identifier sequence" is not restricted to brain: similar abundance in nuclear RNA of other organs (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: A repeated 82 base pair sequence in genomic DNA of the rat was previously proposed as being a control element governing brain (neuron) specific genetic expression. This intronic sequence, termed the brain "identifier" (ID), is complementary to small RNA species localized in brain cytoplasm, and it was thought to be represented specifically in RNA produced by brain nuclei in vitro. The RNA blot analyses of total nuclear and polyadenylated heterogeneous nuclear RNA described in the present report show that this ID sequence is also present in the liver and kidney in abundances similar to those in the brain. This repeated sequence is not, therefore, restricted to transcripts produced in the brain as suggested from previous transcriptional "runoff" experiments. Measurements on rat and mouse nuclear RNA indicate that the abundance of ID sequence transcript is roughly proportional to the number of copies of this repeat in the respective genomes. This suggests a rather random genomic location and transcription of this sequence. From these results it seems improbable that the ID sequence functions as a transcriptional-level control element in genes expressed specifically in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owens, G P -- Chaudhari, N -- Hahn, W E -- NS10813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1263-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genes ; Kidney/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Mice ; Neural Crest/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*analysis ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 27
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    Differential control of U1 small nuclear RNA expression during mouse development (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: During normal mouse development the relative amounts of two types of U1 small nuclear RNA's (U1 RNA) change significantly. Fetal tissues have comparable levels of the two major types of mouse U1 RNA's, mU1a and mU1b, whereas most differentiated adult tissues contain only mU1a RNA's. Those adult tissues that also accumulate detectable amounts of embryonic (mU1b) RNA's (for example, testis, spleen, and thymus) contain a significant proportion of stem cells capable of further differentiation. Several strains of mice express minor sequence variants of U1 RNA's that are subject to the same developmental controls as the major types of adult and embryonic U1 RNA. The differential accumulation of embryonic U1 RNA's may influence the pattern of gene expression during early development and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, E -- Kahan, B -- Dahlberg, J E -- CA 33453/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 30220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1271-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Liver/*growth & development/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Small Nuclear ; Testis/*growth & development/metabolism
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  • 28
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    U1 small nuclear RNA genes are subject to dosage compensation in mouse cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Multiple copies of a gene that encodes human U1 small nuclear RNA were introduced into mouse C127 cells with bovine papilloma virus as the vector. For some recombinant constructions, the human U1 gene copies were maintained extrachromosomally on the viral episome in an unrearranged fashion. The relative abundance of human and mouse U1 small nuclear RNA varied from one cell line to another, but in some lines human U1 RNA accounted for as much as one-third of the total U1. Regardless of the level of human U1 expression, the total amount of U1 RNA (both mouse and human) in each cell line was nearly the same relative to endogenous mouse 5S or U2 RNA. This result was obtained whether measurements were made of total cellular U1 or of only the U1 in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles that could be precipitated with antibody directed against the Sm antigen. The data suggest that the multigene families encoding mammalian U1 RNA are subject to some form of dosage compensation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mangin, M -- Ares, M Jr -- Weiner, A M -- GM09148/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM31073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM31335/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):272-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/genetics ; Cell Line ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Plasmids ; RNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Small Nuclear ; Xenopus
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  • 29
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    Hydrophobicity of amino acid residues in globular proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-30
    Description: During biosynthesis, a globular protein folds into a tight particle with an interior core that is shielded from the surrounding solvent. The hydrophobic effect is thought to play a key role in mediating this process: nonpolar residues expelled from water engender a molecular interior where they can be buried. Paradoxically, results of earlier quantitative analyses have suggested that the tendency for nonpolar residues to be buried within proteins is weak. However, such analyses merely classify residues as either "exposed" or "buried." In the experiment reported in this article proteins of known structure were used to measure the average area that each residue buries upon folding. This characteristic quantity, the average area buried, is correlated with residue hydrophobicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, G D -- Geselowitz, A R -- Lesser, G J -- Lee, R H -- Zehfus, M H -- GM29458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 30;229(4716):834-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amino Acids ; Chemistry, Physical ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; *Protein Conformation ; *Proteins ; Solubility
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  • 30
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    Measles virus matrix protein synthesized in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cell line (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Measles virus generally produces acute illness. Rarely, however, persistent infection of brain cells occurs, resulting in a chronic and fatal neurological disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Evidence indicates that expression of the measles virus matrix protein is selectively restricted in this persistent infection, but the mechanism underlying this restriction has not been identified. Defective translation of matrix messenger RNA has been described in one SSPE cell line. This report presents evidence that in a different SSPE tissue culture cell line IP-3-Ca, the matrix protein is synthesized but fails to accumulate. A general scheme is proposed to reconcile the different levels at which restriction of matrix protein has been observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheppard, R D -- Raine, C S -- Bornstein, M B -- Udem, S A -- CA13330-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 08952/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Measles virus/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/*microbiology ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; Viral Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Virus Replication
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  • 31
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    Studies of the putative transforming protein of the type I human T-cell leukemia virus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: The putative transforming protein of the type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is a 40-kilodalton protein encoded by the X region and is termed p40XI. On the basis of both subcellular fractionation techniques and immunocytochemical analysis, it is now shown that p40XI is a nuclear protein with a relatively short half-life (120 minutes). It is synthesized de novo in considerable quantities in a human T-cell line infected with and transformed by the virus in vitro, and it is not packaged in detectable amounts in the extracellular virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Press, M F -- Souza, L M -- Murdock, D C -- Cline, M J -- Golde, D W -- Gasson, J C -- Chen, I S -- CA 32737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1427-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor/immunology/*metabolism ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*metabolism ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Precipitin Tests ; Viral Proteins/immunology/*metabolism
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  • 32
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    Dissociation of antitumor potency from anthracycline cardiotoxicity in a doxorubicin analog (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: The search for new congeners of the leading anticancer drug doxorubicin has led to an analog that is approximately 1000 times more potent, noncardiotoxic at therapeutic dose levels, and non-cross-resistant with doxorubicin. The new anthracycline, 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)doxorubicin (MRA-CN), is produced by incorporation of the 3' amino group of doxorubicin in a new cyanomorpholinyl ring. The marked increase in potency was observed against human ovarian and breast carcinomas in vitro; it was not accompanied by an increase in cardiotoxicity in fetal mouse heart cultures. Doxorubicin and MRA-CN both produced typical cardiac ultrastructural and biochemical changes, but at equimolar concentrations. In addition, MRA-CN was not cross-resistant with doxorubicin in a variant of the human sarcoma cell line MES-SA selected for resistance to doxorubicin. Thus antitumor efficacy was dissociated from both cardiotoxicity and cross-resistance by this modification of anthracycline structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikic, B I -- Ehsan, M N -- Harker, W G -- Friend, N F -- Brown, B W -- Newman, R A -- Hacker, M P -- Acton, E M -- CA 24543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 33303/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart/drug effects ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis ; Mice ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pregnancy
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  • 33
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    Complete development of hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: An in vitro model was developed to study the hepatic phase of Plasmodium falciparum, the only malaria parasite lethal to man. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes were inoculated with sporozoites of Brazilian and African strains of P. falciparum. On days 1 through 7 after inoculation examination of fluorescence-labeled and Giemsa-stained preparations demonstrated the presence of many intracellular parasites. In three separate sets of experiments all cultures were found to be infected with as many as 650 liver schizonts measuring up to 40 micrometers. After the addition of red blood cells, intraerythrocytic forms of P. falciparum were detected on days 12 and 13 by an immunofluorescence assay, indicating that the hepatic cycle had been completed in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazier, D -- Beaudoin, R L -- Mellouk, S -- Druilhe, P -- Texier, B -- Trosper, J -- Miltgen, F -- Landau, I -- Paul, C -- Brandicourt, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):440-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azure Stains ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Liver/*parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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  • 34
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    Trans-acting transcriptional regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type III long terminal repeat (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: Human T-cell leukemia virus type III (HTLV-III) was recently identified as the probable etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here it is shown that, in human T-cell lines infected with HTLV-III, gene expression directed by the long terminal repeat sequence of this virus is stimulated by more than two orders of magnitude compared to matched uninfected cells. The rate of transcription of the HTLV-III long terminal repeat is more than 1000 times that of the SV40 early promoter in one infected cell line. Thus, HTLV-III, like HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and the bovine leukemia virus, is characterized by trans-activation of transcription in infected cells. The efficiency of trans-activation in the case of HTLV-III may account, at least in part, for the virulent nature of HTLV-III infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodroski, J -- Rosen, C -- Wong-Staal, F -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Arya, S -- Gallo, R C -- Haseltine, W A -- CA07094/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA07580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; DNA, Recombinant ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Operon ; Plasmids ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 35
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    Characterization of long terminal repeat sequences of HTLV-III (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of the long terminal repeat sequence (LTR) of the human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) was determined. This virus is associated etiologically with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The LTR was found to be 634 base pairs in length with U3, R, and U5 regions of 453, 98, and 83 bp, respectively. The proviral DNA is flanked by a 7-base-pair direct repeat. The promoter and polyadenylation signals are situated 27 and 24 base pairs upstream from the respective transcriptional initiation and polyadenylation sites. The primer binding site is complementary to transfer RNA-lysine. The LTR of HTLV-III, like that of HTLV-I, showed a limited homology to enhancer-like sequences within two genes expressed specifically in T lymphocytes, T-cell growth factor, and gamma-interferon. Structural comparisons revealed that the LTR of HTLV-III is distantly related to those of HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and bovine leukemia virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starcich, B -- Ratner, L -- Josephs, S F -- Okamoto, T -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):538-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Dna ; DNA, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/genetics ; Operon ; RNA, Viral ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 36
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    Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha: effects on proliferation of normal and transformed cells in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: Modulation of the growth of human and murine cell lines in vitro by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) was investigated. rTNF-alpha had cytostatic or cytolytic effects on only some tumor cell lines. When administered together with rIFN-gamma, rTNF-alpha showed enhanced antiproliferative effects on a subset of the cell lines tested. In contrast to its effects on sensitive tumor cells, rTNF-alpha augmented the growth of normal diploid fibroblasts. Variations in the proliferative response induced by rTNF-alpha were apparently not due to differences in either the number of binding sites per cell or their affinity for rTNF-alpha. These observations indicate that the effects of rTNF-alpha on cell growth are not limited to tumor cells, but rather that this protein may have a broad spectrum of activities in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugarman, B J -- Aggarwal, B B -- Hass, P E -- Figari, I S -- Palladino, M A Jr -- Shepard, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3933111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Drug Synergism ; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Mice ; Recombinant Proteins/*pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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  • 37
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    The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: The multifunctional nature of coated pit receptors predicts that these proteins will contain multiple domains. To establish the genetic basis for these domains (LDL) receptor. This gene is more than 45 kilobases in length and contains 18 exons, most of which correlate with functional domains previously defined at the protein level. Thirteen of the 18 exons encode protein sequences that are homologous to sequences in other proteins: five of these exons encode a sequence similar to one in the C9 component of complement; three exons encode a sequence similar to a repeat sequence in the precursor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and in three proteins of the blood clotting system (factor IX, factor X, and protein C); and five other exons encode nonrepeated sequences that are shared only with the EGF precursor. The LDL receptor appears to be a mosaic protein built up of exons shared with different proteins, and it therefore belongs to several supergene families.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450672/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450672/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudhof, T C -- Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- Russell, D W -- HL 01287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 31346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):815-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complement C9/genetics ; Dna ; Endonucleases ; Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics ; Factor IX/genetics ; Factor X/genetics ; *Genes ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Protein C ; Protein Precursors ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 38
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    Reversal of oncogenesis by the expression of a major histocompatibility complex class I gene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: The classical transplantation antigens (the major histocompatibility complex class I antigens) play a key role in host defense against cells expressing foreign antigens. Several naturally occurring tumors and virally transformed cells show an overall suppression of these surface antigens. Since the class I molecules are required in the presentation of neoantigens on tumor cells to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, their absence from the cell surface may lead to the escape of these tumors from immunosurveillance. To test this possibility, a functional class I gene was transfected into human adenovirus 12-transformed mouse cells that do not express detectable levels of class I antigens; the transformants were tested for expression of the transfected gene and for changes in oncogenicity. The expression of a single class I gene, introduced by DNA-mediated gene transfer into highly tumorigenic adenovirus 12-transformed cells, was sufficient to abrogate the oncogenicity of these cells. This finding has important implications for the regulation of the malignant phenotype in certain tumors and for the potential modulation of oncogenicity through derepression of the endogenous class I genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanaka, K -- Isselbacher, K J -- Khoury, G -- Jay, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):26-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Cell Line ; Immunization ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/*immunology ; Rats
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  • 39
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    Neurotrophic factors (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: In addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), many proteins present in soluble tissue extracts and in the extracellular matrix influence the survival and development of cultured neurons. The structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action of NGF as a neurotrophic factor are considered along with the experiments on the new putative trophic molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thoenen, H -- Edgar, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):238-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Myocardium/cytology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology
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  • 40
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    Bovine leukemia virus-related antigens in lymphocyte cultures infected with AIDS-associated viruses (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: An earlier finding that lymphocytes from African patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) react with rabbit antiserum to purified antigens of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) prompted a study of the possible cross-reactions between a BLV-infected ovine cell line and human lymphocytes inoculated with a strain of lymphadenopathy syndrome-associated virus (LAV). A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to detect antigenic markers of the retroviruses. Crude extracts from short-term cultures of lymphocytes infected with LAV bound rabbit antisera to the LAV glycoprotein gp13 (molecular weight 13,000) and the BLV proteins p24 and gp51, but did not bind antibodies to the p24 of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Antiserum to LAV gp13 reacted with an ovine cell line producing BLV but also weakly with virus-free ovine cells. Lymphocyte cultures from four African patients with AIDS expressed BLV-related antigens within 6 to 10 days of culture, at the moment when particle-bound reverse transcriptase was produced. BLV-related antigens were induced in lymphocyte cultures from healthy individuals by addition of filtered supernatant or irradiated cells of the original culture. The antisera to BLV used in this study may prove useful for the detection of AIDS-associated viruses in short-term cultures of lymphocytes from AIDS patients or their contacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiry, L -- Sprecher-Goldberger, S -- Jacquemin, P -- Cogniaux, J -- Burny, A -- Bruck, C -- Portetelle, D -- Cran, S -- Clumeck, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1482-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2579433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology ; Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Sheep ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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  • 41
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    A model for fibrinogen: domains and sequence (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: Electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed fibrinogen demonstrates that the molecules modified for crystallization by limited cleavage with a bacterial protease retain the major features of the native structure. This evidence, together with image processing and x-ray analysis of the crystals and of fibrin, has been used to develop a three-dimensional low resolution model for the molecule. The data indicate that the two large end domains of the molecule would be composed of the carboxyl-terminus of the B beta chain (proximal) and gamma chain (distal), respectively; the carboxyl-terminus of the A alpha chain would fold back to form an additional central domain. On this basis, the carboxyl-terminal region of each of the three chains of fibrinogen is folded independently into a globular domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisel, J W -- Stauffacher, C V -- Bullitt, E -- Cohen, C -- AM17346/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM07596-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL30954/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computers ; Fibrinogen/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation
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  • 42
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    Identification of human glucocorticoid receptor complementary DNA clones by epitope selection (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Steroid hormones regulate cellular differentiation and physiologic functions predominantly through gene transcription. Regulation is achieved by the interaction of specific steroid receptor proteins and target genes. Expression cloning techniques were used to select human glucocorticoid receptor complementary DNA clones in order to define the mechanism by which the receptor exerts its transcriptional control. Immobilized fusion proteins from individual clones were used to select epitope-specific antibody which was subsequently eluted and identified by binding to protein blots of cellular extracts. Three cross-hybridizing clones containing inserts expressing antigenic determinants of the human glucocorticoid receptor were isolated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, C -- Hollenberg, S M -- Ong, E S -- Harmon, J M -- Brower, S T -- Cidlowski, J -- Thompson, E B -- Rosenfeld, M G -- Evans, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):740-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Epitopes/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Steroid/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Human GM-CSF: molecular cloning of the complementary DNA and purification of the natural and recombinant proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Clones of complementary DNA encoding the human lymphokine known as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were isolated by means of a mammalian cell (monkey COS cell) expression screening system. One of these clones was used to produce recombinant GM-CSF in mammalian cells. The recombinant hematopoietin was similar to the natural product that was purified to apparent homogeneity from medium conditioned by a human T-cell line. The human T-cell GM-CSF was found to be 60 percent homologous with the GM-CSF recently cloned from murine lung messenger RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, G G -- Witek, J S -- Temple, P A -- Wilkens, K M -- Leary, A C -- Luxenberg, D P -- Jones, S S -- Brown, E L -- Kay, R M -- Orr, E C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):810-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3923623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/biosynthesis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Dna ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Granulocytes ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; *Macrophages ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transfection
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  • 44
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    Genomic diversity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: The DNA genomes of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) isolated from 18 individuals with AIDS or who were at risk for AIDS were evaluated for evidence of variation. Although all of the 18 viral DNA's hybridized throughout their entire genomes to a full-length cloned probe of the original HTLV-III isolate, each of the 18 isolates showed a different restriction enzyme pattern. The number of restriction site differences between isolates ranged from only 1 site in 23 to at least 16 sites in 31. No particular viral genotype was associated with a particular disease state and 2 of the 18 patients had evidence of concurrent infection by more than one viral genotype. Propagation of three different viral isolates in vitro for up to 9 months did not lead to detectable changes in their restriction patterns. These findings indicate that different isolates of HTLV-III comprise a spectrum of highly related but distinguishable viruses and have important implications regarding the pathogenicity of HTLV-III and attempts to develop effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures for this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong-Staal, F -- Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Markham, P -- Redfield, R -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):759-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic
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  • 45
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    Transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells transfected by Harvey ras oncogene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Transfection of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells with a plasmid carrying the ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha ras) changed the growth requirements, terminal differentiation, and tumorigenicity of the recipient cells. One of the cell lines isolated after transfection (TBE-1) was studied extensively and shown to contain v-Ha ras DNA. Total cellular RNA from TBE-1 cells hybridized to v-Ha ras structural gene fragment probes five to eight times more than RNA from parental NHBE cells. The TBE-1 cells expressed phosphorylated v-Ha ras polypeptide p21, showed a reduced requirement for growth-factor supplements, and became aneuploid as an early cellular response to v-Ha ras expression. As the transfectants acquire an indefinite life-span and anchorage independence they became transplantable tumor cells and showed many phenotypic changes suggesting a pleiotropic mechanism for the role of Ha ras in human carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoakum, G H -- Lechner, J F -- Gabrielson, E W -- Korba, B E -- Malan-Shibley, L -- Willey, J C -- Valerio, M G -- Shamsuddin, A M -- Trump, B F -- Harris, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1174-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchi/*cytology/microbiology ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Culture Media ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/microbiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Rats ; *Transfection
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  • 46
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    Expression of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in Escherichia coli for potential use in a human malaria vaccine (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may be the most promising target for the development of a malaria vaccine. In this study, proteins composed of 16, 32, or 48 tandem copies of a tetrapeptide repeating sequence found in the CS protein were efficiently expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli. When injected into mice, these recombinant products resulted in the production of high titers of antibodies that reacted with the authentic CS protein on live sporozoites and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. These CS protein derivatives are therefore candidates for a human malaria vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, J F -- Hockmeyer, W T -- Gross, M -- Ballou, W R -- Wirtz, R A -- Trosper, J H -- Beaudoin, R L -- Hollingdale, M R -- Miller, L H -- Diggs, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):958-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Surface/genetics/*immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cross Reactions ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Plasmodium/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology/physiology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Vaccines/*immunology
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  • 47
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    Superinduction of c-fos by nerve growth factor in the presence of peripherally active benzodiazepines (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: Alterations in proto-oncogene expression after stimulation of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by nerve growth factor (NGF) have been investigated. A specific stimulation of c-fos messenger RNA and protein was detected 30 minutes after treatment. This induction was enhanced more than 100-fold in the presence of peripherally active benzodiazepines. The effect was specific as very little change was observed in the levels of c-rasHa, c-rasKi, c-myc, and N-myc messenger RNA's. Under the conditions used here, NGF treatment ultimately results in neurite outgrowth, with a reduction or cessation of cell division. Thus, stimulation of the c-fos gene in this system appeared to be associated with differentiation and not with cellular proliferation. The effect of benzodiazepines was stereospecific and represents a novel action of these compounds at the level of gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, T -- Morgan, J I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1265-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; *Oncogenes ; Pheochromocytoma/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Rats
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  • 48
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    The pX protein of HTLV-I is a transcriptional activator of its long terminal repeats (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: Expression of the pX protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) in animal cells demonstrates that this protein is a specific transcriptional activator of the long terminal repeats (LTR) of HTLV-I. Several other promoters are not affected by pX. No lymphocyte-specific factors are required for this activation. pX can be detected in the nucleus of transfected monkey kidney cells (line CV1) by indirect immunofluorescence. These results indicate that the pX protein is essential for the replication cycle of the virus and that it may be directly involved in the immortalization of human lymphocytes by HTLV-I.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Felber, B K -- Paskalis, H -- Kleinman-Ewing, C -- Wong-Staal, F -- Pavlakis, G N -- N01-C0-23909/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):675-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Peptides/genetics ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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  • 49
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    Contribution of promoter to tissue-specific expression of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: The immunoglobulin kappa (kappa) gene promoter was activated by a "neutral" enhancer derived from Harvey murine sarcoma virus (HaMuSV) in immunoglobulin-producing myeloma cells, regardless of the enhancer's orientation or position in the vector. In one fibroblast line (3T3) the immunoglobulin kappa gene promoter was completely inactive when linked to the HaMuSV enhancer, whereas in mouse L cells, promoter activity was observed only with the HaMuSV enhancer in tandem with the immunoglobulin kappa gene promoter. The differential behavior of the gene promoter, when activated by a neutral enhancer in these three murine cell lines, suggests that promoter sequences contribute to the tissue-specific expression of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gopal, T V -- Shimada, T -- Baur, A W -- Nienhuis, A W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Fibroblasts/analysis ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*genetics ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/metabolism ; *Operon ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine
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    Isolation, experimental transmission, and characterization of causative agent of Potomac horse fever (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Potomac horse fever, a disease characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, and occasional diarrhea, is fatal in approximately 30 percent of affected animals. The seasonal occurrence of the disease (June to October) and evidence of antibodies to the rickettsia Ehrlichia sennetsu in the serum of convalescing horses suggested that a related rickettsia might be the causative agent. Such an agent was isolated in cultured blood monocytes from an experimentally infected pony. This intracytoplasmic organism was adapted to growth in primary cultures of canine blood monocytes. A healthy pony inoculated with these infected monocytes also developed the disease. The organism was reisolated from this animal which, at autopsy, had pathological manifestations typical of Potomac horse fever. Cross serologic reactions between the newly isolated agent and antisera to 15 rickettsiae revealed that it is related to certain members of the genus Ehrlichia, particularly to Ehrlichia sennetsu. Since the disease occurs in other parts of the United States as well as in the vicinity of the Potomac River, and since it has also been reported in Europe, the name equine monocytic ehrlichiosis is proposed as being more descriptive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, C J -- Ristic, M -- Cole, A I -- Johnson, P -- Baker, G -- Goetz, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Ehrlichia/growth & development/immunology/*isolation & ; purification/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Horse Diseases/blood/*microbiology/transmission ; Horses ; Monocytes/*microbiology ; Rickettsiaceae/*isolation & purification ; Rickettsiaceae Infections/blood/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Terminology as Topic ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure
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    Spatially regulated expression of homeotic genes in Drosophila (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: The sites of transcript accumulation for six different homeotic loci of the Antennapedia and bithorax gene complexes (ANT-C and BX-C) were identified within embryo tissue sections by in situ hybridization. These six loci belong to the Antennapedia class of the homeo box gene family. Transcripts encoded by each locus are detected primarily in discrete, nonoverlapping regions of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). The regions of the CNS that contain transcripts encoded by each of these loci correspond to the embryonic segments that are disrupted in mutants for these genes. The maintenance of spatially restricted expression of each ANT-C and BX-C locus could involve hierarchical, cross-regulatory interactions that are mediated by the homeo box protein domains encoded by these genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harding, K -- Wedeen, C -- McGinnis, W -- Levine, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1236-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central Nervous System/growth & development ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Repression of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer by the adenovirus-2 E1A products (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: The products of the adenovirus-2 (Ad2) immortalizing oncogene E1A repress the activity of the SV40, polyoma virus and E1A enhancers. Evidence is presented that Ad2 infection of MPC11 plasmocytoma cells results in an inhibition of transcription of both the gamma 2b heavy chain (IgH) and the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes. This inhibition is caused by the Ad2 E1A products. Furthermore, the Ad2 E1A products repress transcription activated by the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer in chimeric recombinants, which are either stably integrated in the genome of lymphoid cells or are present as episomes. The implications of negative regulation of cellular enhancers are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hen, R -- Borrelli, E -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Endonucleases ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Genes ; *Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Plasmids ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 53
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    cis- and trans-acting transcriptional regulation of visna virus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-02
    Description: Visna virus is a pathogenic lentivirus of sheep that is related to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the probable etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The transcriptional activity of visna virus promoter and enhancer sequences was studied by means of an assay based on the transient expression of the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The results suggest that the high level of expression of visna virus is due in part to cis-acting enhancer sequences that give the viral promoter a high level of transcriptional activity. In addition, the rate of transcription from the visna virus promoter situated in a plasmid expressing the CAT gene was much greater in infected than uninfected cells. This phenomenon of trans-acting transcriptional activation may involve either virally or cellularly encoded factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hess, J L -- Clements, J E -- Narayan, O -- NS-15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-16145/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 2;229(4712):482-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Choroid Plexus ; Chromosome Mapping ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Genes, Regulator ; Goats ; Humans ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sheep ; Synovial Membrane ; T-Lymphocytes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Visna-maedi virus/*genetics
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  • 54
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    The human gene encoding GM-CSF is at 5q21-q32, the chromosome region deleted in the 5q- anomaly (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-13
    Description: Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 22,000-dalton glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of myeloid progenitor cells and acts directly on mature neutrophils. A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding human GM-CSF was used as a probe to screen a human genomic library and isolate the gene encoding human GM-CSF. The human GM-CSF gene is approximately 2.5 kilobase pairs in length with at least three intervening sequences. The GM-CSF gene was localized by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to human chromosome region 5q21-5q32, which is involved in interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. An established, human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, contains a rearranged, partially deleted GM-CSF allele and a candidate 5q- marker chromosome, indicating that the truncated GM-CSF allele may reside at the rejoining point for the interstitial deletion on the HL60 marker chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huebner, K -- Isobe, M -- Croce, C M -- Golde, D W -- Kaufman, S E -- Gasson, J C -- CA-10805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 13;230(4731):1282-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Genes ; Granulocytes ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Macrophages ; Syndrome
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    Persistent noncytopathic infection of normal human T lymphocytes with AIDS-associated retrovirus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: Infection of normal peripheral blood T cells by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus (ARV) was evaluated in long-term cultures of helper-inducer T cells (T4 cells). Cells that were inoculated with ARV and maintained in medium supplemented with interleukin-2 remained productively infected with this virus for more than 4 months in culture, although they showed no cytopathic effects characteristic of acute ARV infection. The presence of replicating virus was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase activity of culture fluids and by viral antigens and budding particles detected on cells by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Virus produced in these cultures remained infectious and could induce cytopathic effects and viral antigens in uninfected lymphoid cells. The finding that normal lymphocytes may be productively infected by an AIDS retrovirus in the absence of cell death suggests that a range of biologic effects may occur after infection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoxie, J A -- Haggarty, B S -- Rackowski, J L -- Pillsbury, N -- Levy, J A -- CA-34980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology
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  • 56
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    Promoter region of the human Harvey ras proto-oncogene: similarity to the EGF receptor proto-oncogene promoter (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: Regulation of transcription of members of the ras gene family undoubtably plays an important role in controlling cellular growth. Examination of this level of regulation requires identification of the promoter regions of the ras proto-oncogenes. Four major transcriptional start sites were detected in the human Harvey ras 1 proto-oncogene. The promoter region contains neither a TATA box nor a CAAT box in their characteristic upstream positions, has an extremely high G+C content (80 percent), and contains multiple GC boxes including seven CCGCCC repeats and three repeats of the inverted complement, GGGCGG. This region has strong promoter activity when placed upstream from the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene and transfected into monkey CV1 cells. In these ways the Harvey ras 1 proto-oncogene promoter resembles the promoter of the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. The similarity between the two proto-oncogene promoters may be relevant to the mechanism by which the expression of such "growth control" genes is regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishii, S -- Merlino, G T -- Pastan, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Partial primary structure of the alpha and beta chains of human tumor T-cell receptors (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: The T-cell receptor for antigen (Ti) was purified from the human tumor cell line HPB-ALL. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of an acid-cleaved peptide of the Ti alpha chain showed that it is highly homologous to a putative murine alpha chain recently described. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the Ti beta chain revealed that it shares 50 percent homology with the Ti beta chain amino acid sequences from two other human T-cell tumors. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a complementary DNA clone encoding the Ti beta chain from the HPB-MLT cell line showed that this chain represents a second human constant region gene segment and suggested that it arises from direct joining of the variable and joining gene segments without any intervening D region sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, N -- Leiden, J -- Dialynas, D -- Fraser, J -- Clabby, M -- Kishimoto, T -- Strominger, J L -- Andrews, D -- Lane, W -- Woody, J -- 5 R01 AI15669/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10736/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y001CP00502/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):311-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/immunology ; Lymphoma/immunology ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Control of cytochrome P1-450 gene expression by dioxin (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may produce its effects by altering gene expression in susceptible cells. In mouse hepatoma cells, TCDD induces the transcription of the cytochrome P1-450 gene, whose product, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, contributes both to the detoxification and to the metabolic activation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A DNA fragment containing sequences flanking the 5' end of the cytochrome P1-450 gene was isolated and analyzed. This DNA fragment contains a cis-acting control element with at least three functional domains: a putative promoter, an inhibitory domain upstream from the promoter that blocks its function, and a TCDD-responsive domain still farther (1265 to 1535 base pairs) upstream of the promoter. These findings, together with results from earlier studies, imply that transcription of the cytochrome P1-450 gene is under both positive and negative control by at least two trans-acting regulatory factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, P B -- Galeazzi, D R -- Fisher, J M -- Whitlock, J P Jr -- CA09302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA32786/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07149/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1499-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3856321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/biosynthesis/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Dioxins/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Induction ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; *Genes, Regulator ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; Mice ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
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    Microinjected c-myc as a competence factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: While a number of oncogenes are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, their role in the control of cell proliferation can only be established by a direct functional assay. The c-myc protein, upon microinjection into nuclei of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, cooperated with platelet-poor plasma in the stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis. This suggests that c-myc protein, like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), may act as a competence factor in the cell cycle to promote the progression of cells to S phase. The presence in the medium of an antibody against PDGF abolished DNA synthesis induced by microinjected PDGF; however, the microinjected c-myc protein stimulated DNA synthesis even when its own antibody was present in the medium. The c-myc protein may act as an intracellular competence factor, while PDGF expresses its biological activity only from outside the cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaczmarek, L -- Hyland, J K -- Watt, R -- Rosenberg, M -- Baserga, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1313-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Mice ; *Oncogenes ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
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    Modulation of the sis gene transcript during endothelial cell differentiation in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Endothelial cells, which line the interior walls of blood vessels, proliferate at the site of blood vessel injury. Knowledge of the factors that control the proliferation of these cells would help elucidate the role of endothelial cells in wound healing, tumor growth, and arteriosclerosis. In vitro, endothelial cells organize into viable, three-dimensional tubular structures in environments that limit cell proliferation. The process of endothelial cell organization was found to result in decreased levels of the sis messenger RNA transcript and increased levels of the messenger RNA transcript for fibronectin. This situation was reversed on transition from the organized structure to a proliferative monolayer. These results suggest a reciprocity for two biological response modifiers involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaye, M -- McConathy, E -- Drohan, W -- Tong, B -- Deuel, T -- Maciag, T -- 14147/PHS HHS/ -- 310765/PHS HHS/ -- 4807/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):882-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Endothelium/*cytology/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibronectins/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Humans ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Human dioxin-inducible cytochrome P1-450: complementary DNA and amino acid sequence (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: Induction of cytochrome P1-450 has been linked to susceptibility to certain chemically induced cancers in mouse and man. Treatment of the human cell line MCF-7 with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) results in high levels of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (P1-450) activity. This cell line was used to isolate a human P1-450 full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clone. The cDNA is 2566 nucleotides in length, encodes a polyadenylated messenger RNA (2.8 kilobases in length), and has a continuous reading frame producing a protein with 512 residues (molecular weight, 58,151). The human P1-450 cDNA and protein are 63 percent and 80 percent similar to mouse P1-450 cDNA and protein, respectively. Whereas the mouse TCDD-inducible P-450 gene subfamily has two members (P1-450 and P3-450), the human TCDD-inducible gene subfamily appears to have only one gene (P1-450).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaiswal, A K -- Gonzalez, F J -- Nebert, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):80-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3838385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Dioxins/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Induction ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rabbits ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*pharmacology
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    Transfection of v-rasH DNA into MCF-7 human breast cancer cells bypasses dependence on estrogen for tumorigenicity (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: The natural history of estrogen-responsive breast cancers often involves a phenotypic change to an estrogen-unresponsive, more aggressive tumor. The human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, which requires estradiol for tumor formation in vivo and shows growth stimulation in response to estradiol in vitro, is a model for hormone-responsive tumors. The v-rasH onc gene was transfected into MCF-7 cells. The cloned MCF-7ras transfectants, which expressed the v-rasH messenger RNA and v-rasH p21 protein (21,000 daltons), were characterized. In contrast to the parental cell line, MCF-7ras cells no longer responded to exogenous estrogen in culture and their growth was minimally inhibited by exogenous antiestrogens. When tested in the nude mouse, the MCF-7ras cells were fully tumorigenic in the absence of estrogen supplementation. Thus, cells acquiring an activated onc gene can bypass the hormonal regulatory signals that trigger the neoplastic growth of a human breast cancer cell line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, A -- Lippman, M E -- Papageorge, A G -- Lowy, D R -- Gelmann, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):725-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4039465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*chemically induced ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Pyrrolidines/pharmacology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Thiophenes/pharmacology ; *Transfection
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    Molecular cloning of a complementary DNA encoding human macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding human macrophage-specific specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) were isolated. One cDNA clone codes for a mature polypeptide of 224 amino acids and a putative leader of 32 amino acids. This cDNA, which was cloned in the Okayama-Berg expression vector, specifies the synthesis of biologically active CSF-1 in COS cells, as determined by a specific radioreceptor assay, macrophage bone marrow colony formation, and antibody neutralization. Most of the cDNA isolates contain part of an intron sequence that changes the reading frame, resulting in an abrupt termination of translation; these cDNA's were inactive in COS cells. The CSF-1 appears to be encoded by a single-copy gene, but its expression results in the synthesis of several messenger RNA species, ranging in size from about 1.5 to 4.5 kilobases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawasaki, E S -- Ladner, M B -- Wang, A M -- Van Arsdell, J -- Warren, M K -- Coyne, M Y -- Schweickart, V L -- Lee, M T -- Wilson, K J -- Boosman, A -- C32551/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):291-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*genetics ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *Genes ; Humans ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Pathways of protein secretion in eukaryotes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-10-04
    Description: Protein secretion from cells can take several forms. Secretion is constitutive if proteins are secreted as fast as they are synthesized. In regulated secretion newly synthesized proteins destined for secretion are stored at high concentration in secretory vesicles until the cell receives an appropriate stimulus. When both constitutive and regulated protein secretion can take place in the same cell a mechanism must exist for sorting the correct secretory protein into the correct secretory vesicle. The secretory vesicle must then be delivered to the appropriate region of plasma membrane. Transfection of DNA encoding foreign secretory proteins into regulated secretory cells has provided insight into the specificity of sorting into secretory vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):25-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cells/*secretion ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/cytology/*secretion ; Exocytosis ; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure ; Half-Life ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Biological ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/cytology ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/secretion ; Proteins/*secretion ; Transfection
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    Amplification of a novel v-erbB-related gene in a human mammary carcinoma (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-06
    Description: The cellular gene encoding the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) has considerable homology to the oncogene of avian erythroblastosis virus. In a human mammary carcinoma, a DNA sequence was identified that is related to v-erbB but amplified in a manner that appeared to distinguish it from the gene for the EGF receptor. Molecular cloning of this DNA segment and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of two putative exons in a DNA segment whose predicted amino acid sequence was closely related to, but different from, the corresponding sequence of the erbB/EGF receptor. Moreover, this DNA segment identified a 5-kilobase transcript distinct from the transcripts of the EGF receptor gene. Thus, a new member of the tyrosine kinase proto-oncogene family has been identified on the basis of its amplification in a human mammary carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, C R -- Kraus, M H -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 6;229(4717):974-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Protein Kinases/*genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics
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    Insertion mutagenesis of embryonal carcinoma cells by retroviruses (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: Mutagenesis was studied in cultured F9 embryonal carcinoma cells infected with a variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Proviral insertion induced the inactivation of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus, and the virus was used to isolate the mutated genes rapidly. Mutagenesis by these methods may be useful for the genetic dissection of the various mammalian cell phenotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, W -- Patel, M D -- Lobel, L I -- Goff, S P -- Nguyen-Huu, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):554-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3838595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Mice ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/physiology ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rats ; Retroviridae/*physiology ; Teratoma/*genetics/microbiology
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    High-affinity uptake of serotonin into immunocytochemically identified astrocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Primary cultures of astrocytes from neonatal rat brain were incubated with tritiated serotonin. After fixation they were stained by immunofluorescence for the astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and processed for autoradiography. Silver grain density was increased over cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and was reduced to background levels when sodium was omitted from the medium or the specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake fluoxetine and chlorimipramine were present. The results indicate that mammalian astrocytes can take up serotonin by a sodium-dependent, high-affinity system previously thought to be the exclusive property of serotonergic nerve endings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimelberg, H K -- Katz, D M -- NS 19492/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/analysis/drug effects/*metabolism ; Autoradiography ; Biological Transport ; Cells, Cultured ; Clomipramine/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Sodium/pharmacology
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    Cytosolic-free calcium transients in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: microfluorometric measurements (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: Microfluorometric recordings were made of changes in the concentration of cytosolic-free calcium in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells treated with quin 2, an intracellularly trapped dye, under several conditions. Nitroglycerin decreased calcium in both the presence and absence of extracellular calcium and strongly and progressively decreased the extent of transient increases in calcium induced by repeated applications of caffeine in the absence of extracellular calcium. Therefore nitroglycerin probably decreases cytosolic-free calcium by accelerating the extrusion of calcium through the sarcolemmal membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, S -- Kanaide, H -- Nakamura, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):553-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3927484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoquinolines ; Animals ; Aorta ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nitroglycerin/pharmacology ; Photomicrography ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Rats
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    Closing in on the muscular dystrophy gene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):307-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Deletion ; *Genes ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; *Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Transcription, Genetic ; *X Chromosome
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    Induction of hepatitis B virus core gene in human cells by cytosine demethylation in the promoter (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: A recombinant human cell line constructed by transfection of epithelial cells with a plasmid containing the hepatitis B virus core gene (HBc) was used to study the regulation of HBc gene expression. Methylation of a single Hpa II site 280 base pairs upstream from the structural gene was found to regulate the expression of the core gene. Expression increased in cells treated with 5'-azacytidine as a result of cytosine demethylation at this site, and there was a fivefold increase in the number of HBc gene transcripts in total cellular messenger RNA. The varied life cycle of hepatitis B virus in disease such as viral hepatitis and liver cancer may therefore be attributable to the site-specific regulation of the gene involved in replication of the viral DNA and to the cytophathic effects elicited by this gene in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korba, B E -- Wilson, V L -- Yoakum, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine ; Azacitidine/pharmacology ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes, Viral ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; *Methylation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication
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    Deregulation of interleukin-2 receptor gene expression in HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Infection of human T cells by human T-lymphotropic virus, type I (HTLV-I), a retrovirus, is uniformly associated with the constitutive expression of large numbers of cellular receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2). Comparison with normal T cells shows that neither IL-2 receptor gene organization nor IL-2 receptor messenger RNA processing are altered in the leukemic cells. However, mitogenic stimuli activate IL-2 receptor gene expression in normal T cells, whereas these stimuli paradoxically inhibit IL-2 receptor gene transcription in HTLV-I-infected leukemic T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kronke, M -- Leonard, W J -- Depper, J M -- Greene, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus ; Humans ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Poly A/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Platelet-mediated cholesterol accumulation in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Cholesterol accumulates within smooth muscle cells and macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby contributing to the progressive enlargement of these lesions. The mechanism of this cellular accumulation of cholesterol is not known. The possibility that platelets may have a role in the cellular cholesterol accumulation that occurs during atherogenesis was investigated. Incubation of thrombin-activated washed rat platelets (or platelet-free supernatants prepared from thrombin-activated platelets) with cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells induced cholesteryl ester lipid droplet accumulation within the smooth muscle cells. No cholesteryl ester lipid droplets accumulated when smooth muscle cells were incubated with unactivated platelets. Smooth muscle cell lipid droplet accumulation occurred in the absence of serum lipoproteins and was not inhibited by mevinolin, a drug that blocks cholesterol synthesis. These findings suggest that activated platelets may release cholesterol, which can be accumulated by cells and stored as lipid droplets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruth, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/physiopathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/*physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/physiopathology ; Platelet Aggregation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thrombin/physiology
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  • 73
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    Morphine-induced delay of normal cell death in the avian ciliary ganglion (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Repeated administration of morphine in increasing doses delayed normal cell death in the ciliary ganglion of the chick embryo; the effect was completely blocked by naloxone. Survival of spinal motoneurons was not affected. Morphine also inhibited potassium-stimulated synthesis of acetylcholine in ganglion cells cultured with muscle, suggesting that morphine can influence neurotransmission. Morphine's effect on cell death may be due to an inhibition of transmission at the neuromuscular junction, but opiates may also directly affect cell death. Although it is now known whether the endogenous opiates in the ciliary ganglion influence neuronal survival during embryogenesis, exogenous opiates can affect normal cell death in the autonomic nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meriney, S D -- Gray, D B -- Pilar, G -- NS 10338/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 19640/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Spinal Nerves/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 74
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    Antibodies to peptides detect new hepatitis B antigen: serological correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: The expression of a previously unidentified gene product, encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, has been achieved with a recombinant SV40 expression vector. Antibodies against synthetic peptides representing defined regions of this protein were used to screen cells infected with recombinant virus as well as tissues naturally infected with HBV. A 24,000-dalton protein (p24) was detected in cells infected with recombinant virus and a 28,000-dalton protein (p28) was detected in tissues infected with HBV. The peptides or recombinant-derived protein were used as antigens to screen sera from individuals infected with HBV. Specific antibodies were detected predominantly in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of p28 in tissues infected with HBV and the appearance of specific antibodies in infectious sera establish the existence of an additional marker for HBV infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moriarty, A M -- Alexander, H -- Lerner, R A -- Thornton, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):429-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis/*immunology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/*analysis/immunology ; Hepatitis B Antigens/*analysis/immunology ; Humans ; Liver/*immunology ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis/*immunology ; Molecular Weight ; Peptides/immunology ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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  • 75
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    Enhanced transcription of c-myc in bursal lymphoma cells requires continuous protein synthesis (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: In several bursal lymphoma cell lines in which c-myc transcription is regulated by avian leukosis virus (ALV) long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, protein synthesis inhibition decreases the transcriptional activity of c-myc as well as other LTR driven viral genes. This decrease in transcription is associated with a change in the chromatin structure of c-myc, as measured by deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) hypersensitivity, and a shift of transcription from the LTR to the normal c-myc promoter. In contrast, cycloheximide had little or no effect on the transcription of LTR driven genes in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts treated with the drug. These results suggest that a labile, cell type-specific protein may interact with the retroviral LTR and regulate transcription of genes under LTR control. Further, the results demonstrate that the increase in intracellular concentration of c-myc RNA induced by cycloheximide treatment of normal cells is the result of stabilization of this message.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linial, M -- Gunderson, N -- Groudine, M -- CA 18282/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1126-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Leukosis/genetics ; Avian Leukosis Virus ; Bursa of Fabricius/cytology ; Cell Line ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Chromatin/drug effects ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Emetine/pharmacology ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Site-specific increased phosphorylation of pp60v-src after treatment of RSV-transformed cells with a tumor promoter (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: When vole cells that had been transformed by Rous sarcoma virus were treated with the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), specific phosphorylation of pp60v-src was increased. Partial V8 protease mapping indicated that the increased phosphorylation occurred exclusively on serine residues located in the amino terminus of the molecule. Treatment of cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate did not elicit this response. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of pp60v-src immunoprecipitated from untreated and TPA-treated cells indicated that a specific tryptic amino-terminal peptide was hyperphosphorylated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purchio, A F -- Shoyab, M -- Gentry, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Sarcoma, Avian/*genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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    Z-DNA: still searching for a function (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bovine papillomavirus 1/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Ustilago/genetics
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  • 78
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    Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-12
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF was purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The amino acid sequence was determined for the amino terminal end of the purified protein, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were synthesized on the basis of this sequence. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human TNF was cloned from induced HL-60 messenger RNA and was confirmed by hybrid-selection assay, direct expression in COS-7 cells, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. Expression of high levels of human TNF in Escherichia coli was accomplished under control of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter and gene N ribosome binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, A M -- Creasey, A A -- Ladner, M B -- Lin, L S -- Strickler, J -- Van Arsdell, J N -- Yamamoto, R -- Mark, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 12;228(4696):149-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3856324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*genetics/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Xenopus
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  • 79
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    Bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat: a cell type-specific promoter (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: The functional activity of the promoter unit contained within the long terminal repeat (LTR) of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was examined by monitoring transient expression of a heterologous gene placed under its control. Various cell lines were transfected with recombinant plasmids carrying the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene coupled to the BLV LTR (pBL-cat). Transient expression of CAT activity directed by the BLV LTR was observed only in the established BLV-producer cell lines derived from fetal lamb kidney (FLK) cells and bat lung cells. The amount of CAT activity transiently expressed in FLK-BLV cells was decreased approximately tenfold by deletion of LTR sequences located within a region 100 to 170 nucleotides upstream of the RNA start site. Surprisingly, removal of the region 50 base pairs downstream of the RNA initiation site to the 3'-end of the LTR reduced the expression of CAT activity by 87 percent. The BLV LTR thus appears to be an unusual promoter unit, functioning in a cell type-specific manner and possessing sequences on both the 5' and 3' sides of the RNA start site that influence gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derse, D -- Caradonna, S J -- Casey, J W -- CA07392/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):317-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Chiroptera ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics ; Genes, Regulator ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*genetics ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sheep ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 80
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    The 3' splice site of pre-messenger RNA is recognized by a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: A component present in splicing extracts selectively binds the 3' splice site of a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript of a human beta-globin gene. Since this component can be immunoprecipitated by either autoantibodies of the Sm class or antibodies specifically directed against trimethylguanosine, it is a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). Its interaction with the 3' splice site occurs rapidly even at 0 degrees C, does not require adenosine triphosphate, and is altered by certain mutations in the 3' splice site region. Binding is surprisingly insensitive to treatment of the extract with micrococcal nuclease. The U5 particle is the only abundant Sm snRNP with a capped 5' end that is equally resistant to micrococcal nuclease. This suggests that, in addition to the U1 and U2 snRNP's, U5 snRNP's participate in pre-mRNA splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chabot, B -- Black, D L -- LeMaster, D M -- Steitz, J A -- GM-26154/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1344-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Globins/genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA Precursors ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 81
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    Individual tumors of multifocal EB virus-induced malignant lymphomas in tamarins arise from different B-cell clones (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Cotton-top tamarins were inoculated with sufficient Epstein-Barr virus to induce multiple tumors in each animal within 14 to 21 days. The tumors consisted of large-cell lymphomas that contained multiple copies of the Epstein-Barr virus genome and generated Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cell lines showing no detectable consistent chromosomal abnormality. Hybridization of tumor DNA with immunoglobulin gene probes revealed that each lymphoma was oligo- or monoclonal in origin and that individual tumors from the same animal arose from different B-cell clones. Thus the virus induced multiple transformation events in tamarins in vivo to cause malignant tumors resembling the Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphomas of patients with organ transplants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleary, M L -- Epstein, M A -- Finerty, S -- Dorfman, R F -- Bornkamm, G W -- Kirkwood, J K -- Morgan, A J -- Sklar, J -- CA 34233/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):722-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*microbiology ; Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics/*microbiology ; Cell Line ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Heart Transplantation ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Saguinus
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  • 82
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    Flow effects on prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Endothelial cell functions, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, may be modulated by membrane stresses induced by blood flow. The production of prostacyclin by primary human endothelial cell cultures subjected to pulsatile and steady flow shear stress was measured. The onset of flow led to a sudden increase in prostacyclin production, which decreased to a steady rate within several minutes. The steady-state production rate of cells subjected to pulsatile shear stress was more than twice that of cells exposed to steady shear stress and 16 times greater than that of cells in stationary culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frangos, J A -- Eskin, S G -- McIntire, L V -- Ives, C L -- HL-17437/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-18672/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-23016/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1477-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3883488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Blood Circulation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/cytology/*metabolism ; Epoprostenol/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
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  • 83
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    Model structure for the inflammatory protein C5a (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The complement cleavage product C5a is a potent stimulant of inflammatory processes; thus, inhibition of C5a activity is of therapeutic interest. The three-dimensional structure of the major portion of C5a was modeled from the homologous C3a crystal structure by comparative modeling techniques. The model shows that core residues of C5a are completely conserved, while external residues differ from C3a. Even though the amino-terminal 12 residues of C3a are disordered in the crystal, this sequence in C5a may form an amphipathic helix. The distribution of species sequence differences in the complete C5a structure suggests a possible receptor binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greer, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1055-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Complement C5/metabolism ; Complement C5a ; Crystallography ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Complement/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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    Induction of DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes through stimulation of alpha 1 adrenoreceptor by norepinephrine (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Addition of norepinephrine to primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes stimulates the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has been observed in serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor and insulin. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by norepinephrine was strongly antagonized by the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin but not by an alpha 2 antagonist or by a beta-adrenergic blocker. The beta agonist isoproterenol did not stimulate significant DNA synthesis. These results indicate that catecholamines interact with the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor to stimulate DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. Since alpha 1 receptors are present in most cells, this receptor may be important in cell growth regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cruise, J L -- Houck, K A -- Michalopoulos, G K -- CA 35373/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07184/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2982212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Female ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Liver/*cytology ; Liver Regeneration ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Prazosin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects/*physiology ; Yohimbine/pharmacology
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  • 85
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    Gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a genetic deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). A full-length complementary DNA clone of human PAH was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector and transferred into mouse NIH3T3 cells which do not normally express PAH. The transformed mouse cells expressed PAH messenger RNA, immunoreactive protein, and enzymatic activity that are characteristic of the normal human liver products, demonstrating that a single gene contains all of the necessary genetic information to code for functional PAH. These results support the use of the human PAH probe in prenatal diagnosis and detection of carriers, to provide new opportunities for the biochemical characterization of normal and mutant enzymes, and in the investigation of alternative genetic therapies for PKU.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledley, F D -- Grenett, H E -- DiLella, A G -- Kwok, S C -- Woo, S L -- HD-06495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-17711/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3856322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; *Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase/*genetics ; Phenylketonurias/diagnosis/genetics ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Evidence that the v-sis gene product transforms by interaction with the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: A scheme for partial purification of biologically active v-sis-coded protein from cells transformed with simian sarcoma virus (SSV) has made possible a functional comparison of the transforming protein with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The SSV-transforming gene product is capable of specifically binding PDGF receptors, stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF receptors, and inducing DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts. Each of these activities was specifically inhibited by antibodies to different regions of the v-sis gene product. Moreover, viral infection of a variety of cell types revealed a strict correlation between those cells possessing PDGF receptors and those susceptible to transformation by SSV. These findings provide evidence that SSV-transforming activity is mediated by the interaction of a virus-coded mitogen with PDGF receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leal, F -- Williams, L T -- Robbins, K C -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mink ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 87
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    Structure of the human interleukin-2 receptor gene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-08
    Description: The gene encoding the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor consists of 8 exons spanning more than 25 kilobases on chromosome 10. Exons 2 and 4 were derived from a gene duplication event and unexpectedly also are homologous to the recognition domain of human complement factor B. Alternative messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing may delete exon 4 sequences, resulting in a mRNA that does not encode a functional IL-2 receptor. Leukemic T cells infected with HTLV-I and normal activated T cells express IL-2 receptors with identical deduced protein sequences. Receptor gene transcription is initiated at two principal sites in normal activated T cells. Adult T cell leukemia cells infected with HTLV-I show activity at both of these sites, but also at a third transcription initiation site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leonard, W J -- Depper, J M -- Kanehisa, M -- Kronke, M -- Peffer, N J -- Svetlik, P B -- Sullivan, M -- Greene, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):633-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complement Factor B/genetics ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Recombinant/isolation & purification ; Deltaretrovirus ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Humans ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae Infections/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 88
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    Localization of the gene encoding the human interleukin-2 receptor on chromosome 10 (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: The human interleukin-2 receptor is an inducible growth factor receptor present on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. The receptor is required for a normal T-cell immune response. High-resolution fluorescence-activated chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis with complementary DNA's for the interleukin-2 receptor indicated that the receptor gene was located on chromosome 9, 10, 11, or 12. In situ hybridization studies showed that the interleukin-2 receptor gene is on the short arm of chromosome 10, p14----15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leonard, W J -- Donlon, T A -- Lebo, R V -- Greene, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1547-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; DNA/analysis ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/immunology
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  • 89
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    Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-26
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the development and differentiation of sympathetic or sensory neurons. A complementary DNA was cloned that corresponds to a gene sequence induced more than 50-fold in a cultured target cell line of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) 5 hours after the addition of NGF. The induced messenger RNA encodes a 90,000-dalton polypeptide that may represent one of the primary events in NGF-induced differentiation of neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levi, A -- Eldridge, J D -- Paterson, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 26;229(4711):393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3839317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Nerve Growth Factors/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pheochromocytoma/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 90
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    Analysis of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and expression in human natural killer clones (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: A series of clones of human natural killer (NK) cells was characterized with respect to expression of the Ti alpha and Ti beta genes of the T-cell receptor. T11+T3+ NK clones contained Ti alpha and Ti beta RNA transcripts and expressed disulfide-linked heterodimers, demonstrating the presence of a functional T-cell receptor. In contrast, T11+T3- NK clones expressed only 1.0-kilobase truncated Ti beta transcripts, without a Ti alpha transcript and no detectable surface Ti protein. Since previous studies demonstrated that Ti beta gene activation precedes Ti alpha gene activation in thymic ontogeny, the T11+T3- NK cells appear to be derived from T-lineage precursors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritz, J -- Campen, T J -- Schmidt, R E -- Royer, H D -- Hercend, T -- Hussey, R E -- Reinherz, E L -- AI 19807/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 21226/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 34183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clone Cells/analysis ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*analysis ; Phenotype ; RNA/analysis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 91
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    Prostacyclin synthesis induced in vascular cells by interleukin-1 (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: Supernatants from cultures of human monocytes that had been stimulated with endotoxin or silica induced the synthesis of prostacyclin in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The lymphokine mediating these effects on the cells of the blood vessel wall was identified as interleukin-1; interferons and interleukin-2 were inactive. Interleukin-1-induced prostacyclin synthesis represents a new aspect of the interaction between the immune system (as well as other tissues) and the vessel wall and may serve as a basis for the development of new strategies in antithrombotic therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossi, V -- Breviario, F -- Ghezzi, P -- Dejana, E -- Mantovani, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Vessels/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/*metabolism ; Epoprostenol/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Monocytes/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 92
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    Trans activation of the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat in BLV-infected cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: The transcription initiation signals for retroviruses lie within the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences that flank the integrated provirus. This study shows that factors present in cells infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) mediate transcriptional trans activation of the BLV LTR. This phenomenon is similar to that reported for the human T-cell leukemia virus LTR and establishes both structural and functional criteria for inclusion of BLV and human T-cell leukemia viruses in the same family of transforming retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, C A -- Sodroski, J G -- Kettman, R -- Burny, A -- Haseltine, W A -- CA07094/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA97580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):320-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chiroptera ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics ; Genes, Regulator ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine/*genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sheep ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Virus Activation
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  • 93
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    Defect in vitamin B12 release from lysosomes: newly described inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: Cultured diploid fibroblasts from a patient with a previously undescribed inborn error of cobalamin metabolism accumulate unmetabolized, nonprotein-bound vitamin B12 in lysosomes. These cells are able to endocytose the transcobalamin II-B12 complex and to release B12 from transcobalamin II. The freed vitamin B12 is not released from lysosomes into the cytoplasm of the cell. This suggests that there is a specific lysosomal transport mechanism for vitamin B12 in the human.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenblatt, D S -- Hosack, A -- Matiaszuk, N V -- Cooper, B A -- Laframboise, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Transport ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*metabolism ; Vitamin B 12/*metabolism
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  • 94
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    Burst of publicity follows cancer report (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1367-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3877982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-2/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; United States
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  • 95
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    Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-21
    Description: Recombinant DNA probes were cloned for the areas flanking the breakpoint on chromosome 18 in cells from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia of the B-cell type; cells of this line carry the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation. Two of the probes detected DNA rearrangements in approximately 60 percent of the cases of follicular lymphoma screened. In follicular lymphoma, most of the breakpoints in band q21 of chromosome 18 were clustered within a short stretch of DNA, approximately 2.1 kilobases in length. Chromosome 18-specific DNA probes for the areas flanking the breakpoints also detected RNA transcripts 6 kilobases in length in various cell types. The gene coding for these transcript (the bcl-2 gene) seems to be interrupted in most cases of follicular lymphomas carrying the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsujimoto, Y -- Cossman, J -- Jaffe, E -- Croce, C M -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA36521/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1440-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3874430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Cell Line ; *Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 96
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    The x gene is essential for HTLV replication (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: The human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV) are associated with T-cell malignancies in man and will transform normal human T cells in vitro. The mechanism of malignant transformation by HTLV is unknown but appears to be distinct from that of other classes of retroviruses, which induce malignant transformation through viral or cellular oncogenes. Recently a new gene, termed x, was identified in HTLV. This gene has been hypothesized to be the transforming gene of HTLV because of its conservation within the HTLV class of retroviruses. By in vitro mutagenesis of the HTLV-II x gene, it is now demonstrated that the presence of a functional x gene product is necessary for efficient HTLV transcription. Therefore, these studies provide direct evidence for an important function of the x gene in HTLV replication. The functional analogies between the x gene and transcriptional regulatory genes of some DNA viruses suggest that these viruses share similar mechanisms for cellular transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, I S -- Slamon, D J -- Rosenblatt, J D -- Shah, N P -- Quan, S G -- Wachsman, W -- CA 09297/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 38597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):54-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/growth & development ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA, Viral/*biosynthesis ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Virus Replication
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  • 97
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    Prooxidant states and tumor promotion (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: There is convincing evidence that cellular prooxidant states--that is, increased concentrations of active oxygen and organic peroxides and radicals--can promote initiated cells to neoplastic growth. Prooxidant states can be caused by different classes of agents, including hyperbaric oxygen, radiation, xenobiotic metabolites and Fenton-type reagents, modulators of the cytochrome P-450 electron-transport chain, peroxisome proliferators, inhibitors of the antioxidant defense, and membrane-active agents. Many of these agents are promoters or complete carcinogens. They cause chromosomal damage by indirect action, but the role of this damage in carcinogenesis remains unclear. Prooxidant states can be prevented or suppressed by the enzymes of the cellular antioxidant defense and low molecular weight scavenger molecules, and many antioxidants are antipromoters and anticarcinogens. Finally, prooxidant states may modulate the expression of a family of prooxidant genes, which are related to cell growth and differentiation, by inducing alterations in DNA structure or by epigenetic mechanisms, for example, by polyadenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerutti, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):375-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cations/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes/drug effects ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Hydroxides/metabolism ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Lipid Peroxides/metabolism ; Microbodies/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism/physiology ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Singlet Oxygen ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/physiology ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 98
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    Growth regulation of human melanocytes: mitogenic factors in extracts of melanoma, astrocytoma, and fibroblast cell lines (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-06
    Description: Melanocytes derived from fetal or adult skin do not propagate in vitro unless cultured in the presence of factors such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). In a search for physiological factors regulating the growth of melanocytes, extracts of various cultured cell types were tested. Factors produced by melanoma and astrocytoma cell lines support continued proliferation of melanocytes in the absence of TPA. WI-38, a fibroblast cell line derived from human embryonic lung, was the most active source of melanocyte growth factors. No melanocyte growth-promoting activity was found in extracts of cultured neuroblastoma, renal cancer, normal keratinocytes, or renal epithelium. Nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, transforming growth factor-beta, and platelet-derived growth factor did not have growth-promoting activity for melanocytes. The presence of melanocyte growth factors and TPA together resulted in the strongest mitogenic activity for melanocytes, permitting the recovery (at 20 days) of 4 to 20 times as many cells as in growth factor or TPA alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisinger, M -- Marko, O -- Ogata, S -- Old, L J -- 1R01 CA-32152/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 6;229(4717):984-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astrocytoma/physiopathology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Growth Substances/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Melanocytes/*cytology ; Melanoma/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    B lineage--specific interactions of an immunoglobulin enhancer with cellular factors in vivo (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: The mouse heavy chain immunoglobulin gene contains a tissue-specific enhancer. The enhancer and flanking sequences were studied in vivo by carrying out dimethyl sulfate protection experiments on living cells, in combination with genomic sequencing. Relative to reactions on naked DNA, there are changes (protections and enhancements) in the reactivity of guanine residues to dimethyl sulfate within the enhancer sequence in myeloma, B, and early B cells, whereas virtually no alterations appear in cells of non-B lineage. Most of the affected residues are in four clusters, in sequences homologous to the octamer 5'CAGGTGGC 3' (C, cytosine; A, adenine; G. guanine; T, thymine). The alterations in the pattern of G reactivity are consistent with the tissue-specific binding of molecules to the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ephrussi, A -- Church, G M -- Tonegawa, S -- Gilbert, W -- 2T 32 CA 09255/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 14041/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-09541-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):134-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3917574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Genes, Regulator ; Guanine/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Methylation ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Sulfuric Acid Esters/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral empty particle from southern bean mosaic virus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral particle (where T is the triangulation number), assembled from southern bean mosaic virus coat protein fragments that lacked the amino-terminal arm, was solved by means of model building procedures with the use of 6-angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction data. The icosahedral five-, three-, and twofold contacts were found to be similar, at this resolution, to the analogous contacts (icosahedral five-, quasi-three-, and quasi-twofolds) found in the parent T = 3 southern bean mosaic virus. However, the icosahedral fivefold contacts of the T = 3 structure are the most conserved in the T = 1 capsid. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which pentameric caps of dimers are the building blocks for the assembly of T = 1 and T = 3 icosahedral viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, J W -- Silva, A M -- Murthy, M R -- Fita, I -- Rossmann, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):625-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Capsid/ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Mosaic Viruses/*ultrastructure ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Viral Proteins ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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