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  • Rats  (124)
  • Male  (96)
  • Amino Acid Sequence  (50)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (225)
  • Cell Press
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (225)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
  • 1985  (225)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (225)
  • Cell Press
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (225)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
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    Rapid mutations in mice? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1406-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mice/*genetics ; Mice, Inbred Strains/genetics ; Mice, Mutant Strains/genetics ; *Mutation ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Diazepam-binding inhibitor: a neuropeptide located in selected neuronal populations of rat brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: An endogenous polypeptide of rat brain has been identified that is capable of displacing 1,4-benzodiazepines and the esters of the 3-carboxylic acid derivatives of beta-carbolines from their specific synaptic binding sites. This polypeptide was termed diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI). Previous studies have shown that DBI injected intraventricularly in rodents elicits "proconflict" responses and antagonizes the "anticonflict" action of benzodiazepines. An antiserum to this peptide, directed toward an immunodeterminant near its amino terminus, makes it possible to detect, measure, and study the neuronal location of this peptide in rat brain. In the rat cerebral cortex, DBI immunoreactivity is located in neurons that are not GABAergic (GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid); in the cerebellum and hippocampus, however, it might be present also in GABAergic neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alho, H -- Costa, E -- Ferrero, P -- Fujimoto, M -- Cosenza-Murphy, D -- Guidotti, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):179-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Diazepam Binding Inhibitor ; Hippocampus/analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus/analysis ; Immune Sera ; Immunologic Techniques ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*analysis/immunology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Induction of the intermediate pituitary by stress: synthesis and release of a nonopioid form of beta-endorphin (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: beta-Endorphin in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland is posttranslationally modified to produce opioid inactive peptides. Whether these are metabolites or biologically relevant products has not been known. It was found that repeated stress induces increased biosynthesis and release of beta-endorphin-like substances from the intermediate lobe of rats and that opioid-inactive N-acetylated beta-endorphin-(1-31) is selectively made and liberated. The possible role of this nonopioid product and the selective release of peptide forms are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akil, H -- Shiomi, H -- Matthews, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):424-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3155575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Endorphins/*biosynthesis/blood ; Half-Life ; Kinetics ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/biosynthesis/blood ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*metabolism ; beta-Endorphin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A new HTLV-III/LAV encoded antigen detected by antibodies from AIDS patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: A newly identified protein from HTLV-III/LAV, the virus implicated as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, was studied. This protein, which has a molecular weight of 27,000 (p27), was shown by amino acid sequencing to have a coding origin 3' to the env gene on the HTLV-III genome. The presence of antibodies to p27 in virus-exposed individuals indicated that this gene is functional in the natural host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allan, J S -- Coligan, J E -- Lee, T H -- McLane, M F -- Kanki, P J -- Groopman, J E -- Essex, M -- 2T32-CA09031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA23885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Viral/*immunology ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics/*immunology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Haplorhini/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Major glycoprotein antigens that induce antibodies in AIDS patients are encoded by HTLV-III (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: Antibodies from the serum of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with the AIDS-related complex and from the serum of seropositive healthy homosexuals, recognize two major glycoproteins in cells infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV III). These glycoproteins, gp160 and gp120, are encoded by the 2.5-kilobase open reading frame located in the 3' end of the HTLV-III genome, as determined by amino terminus sequence analysis of the radiolabeled forms of these proteins. It is hypothesized that gp160 and gp120 represent the major species of virus-encoded envelope gene products for HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allan, J S -- Coligan, J E -- Barin, F -- McLane, M F -- Sodroski, J G -- Rosen, C A -- Haseltine, W A -- Lee, T H -- Essex, M -- 2T32-CA09031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 13885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Brain dopamine and serotonin receptor sites revealed by digital subtraction autoradiography (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: Autoradiography combined with image analysis permitted quantitative visualization of dopamine (D2) and serotonin (S2) binding sites in rat brain. Forebrain sections were incubated with tritiated spiroperidol alone or with tritiated spiroperidol plus unlabeled compounds that saturated the D2 or S2 sites. By subtracting the digitized image of an autoradiograph derived from the latter sections from that of the former, the D2 or S2 sites were specifically revealed. The resulting quantitative images demonstrate the differing anatomical distributions of these sites. The D2 site is largely restricted to the striatal complex (caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens septi, and olfactory tubercle), whereas the S2 site is enriched in layer 5 of motor cortex, the perirhinal and cingulate cortices, and the claustrum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altar, C A -- O'Neil, S -- Walter, R J Jr -- Marshall, J F -- AG 00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG00096/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS 20122/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2580352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography/*methods ; Brain/physiology/*radionuclide imaging ; Butaclamol/metabolism ; Computers ; Ketanserin ; Piperidines/metabolism ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*physiology ; Receptors, Serotonin/*physiology ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Sulpiride/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Expression in brain of a messenger RNA encoding a novel neuropeptide homologous to calcitonin gene-related peptide (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: As a consequence of alternative RNA processing events, a single rat gene can generate messenger RNA's (mRNA's) encoding either calcitonin or a neuropeptide referred to as alpha-type calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP). An mRNA product of a related gene has been identified in rat brain and thyroid encoding the protein precursor of a peptide differing from alpha-CGRP by only a single amino acid. The RNA encoding this peptide, which is referred to as beta-CGRP, appears to be the only mature transcript of the beta-CGRP gene. Hybridization histochemistry reveals a similar distribution of alpha- and beta-CGRP mRNA's, but their relative levels of expression vary in different cranial nerve nuclei. Thus beta-CGRP is a new member of a family of related genes with potential functions in regulating the transduction of sensory and motor information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amara, S G -- Arriza, J L -- Leff, S E -- Swanson, L W -- Evans, R M -- Rosenfeld, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*analysis ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Ethanol withdrawal in mice precipitated and exacerbated by hyperbaric exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: Mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 9 days. On removal of the diet, exposure to 12 atmospheres absolute of a mixture of helium and oxygen precipitated earlier withdrawal, increased withdrawal scores for the first 6 hours, and increased the peak withdrawal intensity compared to dependent animals exposed to control conditions. The enhanced withdrawal did not appear to reflect alterations in ethanol elimination, oxygen or helium partial pressures, body temperature, or general excitability. These results extend to chronically treated animals the evidence that hyperbaric exposure antagonizes the membrane actions of ethanol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alkana, R L -- Finn, D A -- Galleisky, G G -- Syapin, P J -- Malcolm, R D -- R01AA03972/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):772-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4040651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmospheric Pressure ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/physiology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Neurovisceral and skeletal GM1-gangliosidosis in dogs with beta-galactosidase deficiency (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-02
    Description: Beta-galactosidase-deficient siblings in two litters of English springer spaniel puppies showed a progressive neurological impairment, dwarfism, orbital hypertelorism, and dysostosis multiplex. An excess of GM1-ganglioside was found in the brain. Three abnormal oligosaccharides were present in samples of urine, brain, liver, and cartilage. Light microscopy of selected tissue specimens revealed cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons, circulating blood cells, macrophages, and chondrocytes. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that these membrane-bound vacuoles were of two types--one containing lamellated membranes and the other, finely granular material. These clinical and pathological findings are similar to those observed in human patients affected by the infantile form of GM1-gangliosidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alroy, J -- Orgad, U -- Ucci, A A -- Schelling, S H -- Schunk, K L -- Warren, C D -- Raghavan, S S -- Kolodny, E H -- HD 05515/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD04147/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 21765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 2;229(4712):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/enzymology/genetics/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; Gangliosidoses/enzymology/genetics/pathology/*veterinary ; Humans ; Lactose Intolerance/genetics/metabolism/*veterinary ; Male ; Neurons/pathology ; Oligosaccharides/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Vacuoles/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Two distinct populations of calcium channels in a clonal line of pituitary cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: The whole-cell variant of the patch clamp technique was used to study calcium channels in GH3 cells. Two distinct populations of calcium channels, first recognized from their closing kinetics, were observed. The slowly closing channels are activated in a relatively negative voltage range and are inactivated within 100 milliseconds. They conduct barium and calcium about equally well. The fast closing channels are activated at more positive voltages, are not inactivated during a 100-millisecond pulse, conduct barium in preference to calcium, and are activated slightly more rapidly than the slowly closing channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, C M -- Matteson, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2578071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Barium/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Clone Cells ; Electrophysiology ; Ion Channels/metabolism/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Pituitary Gland/*cytology/metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Identification of the protein encoded by the E6 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-25
    Description: Papillomaviruses (PV) contain several conserved genes that may encode nonstructural proteins; however, none of these predicted gene products have been identified. Papillomavirus E6 genes are retained and expressed as RNA in PV-associated human and animal carcinomas and cell lines. This suggests that the E6 gene product may be important in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. The E6 open reading frame of the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) genome has been identified as one of two BPV genes that can independently transform mouse cells in vitro. A polypeptide encoded by this region of BPV was produced in a bacterial expression vector and used to raise antisera. The antisera specifically immunoprecipitated the predicted 15.5-kilodalton BPV E6 protein from cells transformed by the E6 gene. The E6 protein was identified in both the nuclear and membrane fractions of these transformed cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Androphy, E J -- Schiller, J T -- Lowy, D R -- 5-F32-CA-07237/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):442-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tumor Virus Infections/genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    A neuroendocrine marker in tissues of the immune system (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-04
    Description: Antibodies to chromogranin, a secretory protein marker for the diffuse neuroendocrine system, were used to analyze rat lymphoreticular tissues by means of immunochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Chromogranin-positive cells were present in spleen, lymph node, thymus, and fetal liver. When these organs were gently dispersed and separated on a Ficoll gradient, the chromogranin-immunoreactive cells became enriched in the dense red-cell pellets. The unexpected distribution of these neuroendocrine cells in all immunologically relevant structures suggests that they may link the nervous and immunological systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angeletti, R H -- Hickey, W F -- K07-NS00889/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):89-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Chromogranins/*analysis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Histocytochemistry ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Lymphoid Tissue/*analysis ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System/*analysis ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*analysis ; Rats
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  • 13
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    Induced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat intermediate pituitary lobe (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Synthesis and release of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides are under differential regulation in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. Glucocorticoids inhibit synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in the anterior lobe but not in the intermediate lobe. These two lobes are also characterized by differences in neural innervation and blood flow, both of which may represent routes of access for regulatory factors (the intermediate lobe is avascular). Immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor, which can be demonstrated in many tissues, is absent from the intermediate lobe. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor in the intermediate lobe after pituitary stalk transection, neurointermediate lobe grafts to kidney capsule, or monolayer culture of neurointermediate pituitary cells. This appearance of the glucocorticoid receptor is presumably a consequence of removal of intermediate pituitary cells from neural influences that may be responsible for inhibiting their expression under normal conditions in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antakly, T -- Sasaki, A -- Liotta, A S -- Palkovits, M -- Krieger, D T -- NSO2893/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):277-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Male ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/analysis/*metabolism/surgery ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/analysis/metabolism ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Steroid/*biosynthesis ; Serotonin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax: gene cloning and characterization of the immunodominant epitope (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: The gene encoding the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax has been cloned. The deduced sequence of the protein consists of 373 amino acids with a central region of 19 tandem repeats of the nonapeptide Asp-Arg-Ala-Asp/Ala-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ala-Gly. A synthetic 18-amino acid peptide containing two tandem repeats binds to a monoclonal antibody directed to the CS protein of Plasmodium vivax and inhibits the interaction of this antibody with the native protein in sporozoite extracts. The portions of the CS gene that do not contain repeats are closely related to the corresponding regions of the CS genes of two simian malarias, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi. In contrast, the homology between the CS genes of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, another malaria parasite of humans, is very limited.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnot, D E -- Barnwell, J W -- Tam, J P -- Nussenzweig, V -- Nussenzweig, R S -- Enea, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):815-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2414847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*genetics/immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epitopes/*genetics/immunology ; Haplorhini/parasitology ; Humans ; Malaria/parasitology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmodium/immunology ; Plasmodium vivax/*genetics/immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 15
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    Specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in transgenic mice (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Two transgenic mice were obtained that contain in their chromosomes the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome except for the core gene. These mice secrete particles of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. In one mouse, HBV DNA sequences that had integrated at two different sites were shown to segregate independently in the first filial generation (F1) and only one of the sequences allowed expression of the surface antigen. Among these animals the males produced five to ten times more HBsAg than the females. A 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA species comigrating with the major surface gene messenger RNA is expressed specifically in the liver in the two original mice. The results suggest that the HBV sequences introduced into the mice are able to confer a tissue-specific expression to the S gene. In addition, the HBV transgenic mice represent a new model for the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B virus infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babinet, C -- Farza, H -- Morello, D -- Hadchouel, M -- Pourcel, C -- CA37300-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1160-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3865370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier State ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering ; Hepatitis B/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 16
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    Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) encodes a trans-acting factor that activates the expression of genes linked to the HTLV-III long terminal repeat. By functional mapping of complementary DNA transcripts of viral messenger RNA's the major functional domain of the gene encoding this factor was localized to a region immediately before the env gene of the virus, a region previously thought to be noncoding. This newly identified gene consists of three exons, and its transcription into messenger RNA involves two splicing events bringing together sequences from the 5' part (287 base pairs), middle (268 base pairs), and 3'part (1258 base pairs) of the HTLV-III genome. A similar messenger RNA with a truncated second exon (70 base pairs) does not encode a trans-acting function. It is proposed that this second messenger RNA is the transcript of a gene (3'-orf) located after the env gene. Messenger RNA's were also identified for the env and gag-pol genes of HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arya, S K -- Guo, C -- Josephs, S F -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):69-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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  • 17
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    Reversibility of progression of the transformed phenotype in Ad5-transformed rat embryo cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The carcinogenic process is extremely complex and is affected by diverse environmental and host factors. The mechanism for the gradual development of the transformed phenotype (a process termed "progression") was studied in type 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-transformed rat embryo cells. Progression was not correlated with major changes in the pattern of integration of viral DNA sequences. Instead, it was associated with an increased methylation of integrated viral sequences other than those corresponding to the E1 transforming genes of Ad5. A single exposure of progressed cells to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (Aza) resulted in a stable reversion to the unprogressed state of the original parental clone. A further selection of cells after growth in agar allowed the isolation of Aza-treated clones that had regained the progressed phenotype. These observations indicate that progression is a reversible process and suggest that progression may be associated with changes in the state of methylation of one or more specific genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babiss, L E -- Zimmer, S G -- Fisher, P B -- CA-33434/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35675/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1099-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; Animals ; Azacitidine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; *Methylation ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 18
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    Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides from circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: In a study of recombinant proteins that might be useful in developing a vaccine against malaria, synthetic peptides from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum were found to be immunogenic for mice and rabbits. Antibody to peptides from the repeating region of the CS protein recognized native CS protein and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. Antibodies to peptides from regions I and II had no biologic activity, although antibody to region I recognized processed CS protein by Western blot analysis. These data support the feasibility of developing a vaccine against the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite by using synthetic peptides of the repeating region of the CS protein conjugated to a carrier protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ballou, W R -- Rothbard, J -- Wirtz, R A -- Gordon, D M -- Williams, J S -- Gore, R W -- Schneider, I -- Hollingdale, M R -- Beaudoin, R L -- Maloy, W L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cross Reactions ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Liver Neoplasms ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mice ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Plasmodium/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology/physiology ; Precipitin Tests ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Rabbits ; Vaccines/immunology
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  • 19
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baum, M J -- Carroll, R S -- Erskine, M S -- Tobet, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male
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  • 20
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    Reduced numbers of somatostatin receptors in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Somatostatin receptor concentrations were measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls. In the frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 6, 9, and 10) and temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21), the concentrations of somatostatin in receptors in the patients were reduced to approximately 50 percent of control values. A 40 percent reduction was seen in the hippocampus, while no significant changes were found in the cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, temporal pole, and superior temporal gyrus. Scatchard analysis showed a reduction in receptor number rather than a change in affinity. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in both the frontal and temporal cortex. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was linearly related to somatostatin-receptor binding in the cortices of Alzheimer's patients. These findings may reflect degeneration of postsynaptic neurons or cortical afferents in the patients' cerebral cortices. Alternatively, decreased somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease might indicate increased release of somatostatin and down regulation of postsynaptic receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beal, M F -- Mazurek, M F -- Tran, V T -- Chattha, G -- Bird, E D -- Martin, J B -- 1P50AG05134/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- IR23NS19867-1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MN/NS31862/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):289-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2861661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*analysis ; Receptors, Somatostatin ; Somatostatin/metabolism/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/analysis
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  • 21
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    Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: The two fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction, recombination and outcrossing, appear to be maintained respectively by the advantages of recombinational repair and genetic complementation. Genetic variation is produced as a by-product of recombinational repair, but it may not be the function of sexual reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, H -- Byerly, H C -- Hopf, F A -- Michod, R E -- 1 K04 HD00583/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- GM 27219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Genes, Lethal ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; *Sex Determination Analysis
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  • 22
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    Trigeminal-taste interaction in palatability processing (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Peripheral transection of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve in rats unbalanced palatability, selectively reducing the ingestive actions elicited by preferred tastes but leaving unchanged the aversive actions elicited by unpreferred tastes. The reduction in the number of positive ingestive actions occurred even though the capacity to emit these actions remained unimpaired. These findings show that there is an interaction between somatosensation and gustation in the processing of palatability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berridge, K C -- Fentress, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Taste/*physiology ; Tongue/physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/*physiology
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  • 23
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    Protection from genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by vaccination with cloned type 1 glycoprotein D (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Guinea pigs were vaccinated with truncated herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D produced in the genetically engineered mammalian cell line gD10.2. Vaccinated animals formed antibodies that neutralized both HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in an in vitro neutralization assay. Vaccinated animals were challenged with HSV-2 by intravaginal infection. Animals that received the immunogen in Freund's complete adjuvant were completely protected from the clinical manifestations of genital HSV-2 infection. Animals that received the immunogen incorporated in alum adjuvants were partly protected from clinical disease; the infections that did develop were significantly less severe than those that occurred in control animals injected with adjuvant alone. The results demonstrate that immunization with a purified viral protein can provide significant protection against primary genital infection by HSV-2 in guinea pigs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berman, P W -- Gregory, T -- Crase, D -- Lasky, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1490-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; *Aluminum Compounds ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Herpes Genitalis/*prevention & control ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Phosphates ; Simplexvirus/*immunology ; Vaccination ; *Viral Envelope Proteins ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology
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  • 24
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    Biosynthesis and secretion of proatrial natriuretic factor by cultured rat cardiocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is translated as a 152-amino acid precursor preproANF. PreproANF is converted to the 126-amino acid proANF, the storage form of ANF in the atria. ANF isolated from the blood is approximately 25 amino acids long. It is demonstrated here that rat cardiocytes in culture store and secrete proANF. Incubation of proANF with serum produced a smaller ANF peptide. PreproANF seems to be processed to proANF in the atria, and proANF appears to be released into the blood, where it is converted by a protease to a smaller peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloch, K D -- Scott, J A -- Zisfein, J B -- Fallon, J T -- Margolies, M N -- Seidman, C E -- Matsueda, G R -- Homcy, C J -- Graham, R M -- Seidman, J G -- 1R23CA33570/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL07208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL26215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1168-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; Autoradiography ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart/physiology ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats
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  • 25
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    Selective extraction of small and large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid by Purkinje neurons (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: Cerebellar Purkinje neurons accumulated propidium iodide, granular blue, and horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin but not unconjugated horseradish peroxidase, bisbenzimide, or Evans blue when these compounds were infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of awake, unrestrained rats. Accumulation of propidium iodide by Purkinje neurons of the vermis was associated with a reproducible behavioral abnormality characterized by truncal tremor, ataxia, and nystagmus. Both the accumulation of propidium iodide in Purkinje cells and the behavioral abnormality were prevented by prior intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain or colchicine, drugs that block neuronal transport processes. The ability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons to extract small and large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid has important implications for their physiology and pathology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borges, L F -- Elliott, P J -- Gill, R -- Iversen, S D -- Iversen, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):346-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2580350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisbenzimidazole/metabolism ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/*physiology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Evans Blue/metabolism ; Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Propidium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Purkinje Cells/*metabolism/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tremor/chemically induced/physiopathology
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  • 26
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    Stereoscopic images in confocal (tandem scanning) microscopy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-13
    Description: Stereoscopic pair images with parallel projection geometry are obtained by through-focusing along two inclined axes while recording two (summed and stacked) images with a microscope with a very shallow depth of field. The two stack images sample the same depth slice of translucent or reflective specimens. The method will work most conveniently with a tandem scanning microscope (a direct-view, confocal scanning optical microscope). This is a direct method for recording stereo images that can be used to the limit of resolution in optical microscopy. It demonstrates a previously unrealized advantage of confocal optical microscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyde, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 13;230(4731):1270-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Cerebellum/anatomy & histology ; Mice ; Microscopy/*methods ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology
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  • 27
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    Prolactin stimulation of maternal behavior in female rats (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Inexperienced, hypophysectomized female rats treated with steroids were used in experiments to investigate the roles of the pituitary gland and prolactin in the expression of maternal behavior. Administration of ovine prolactin or treatment with ectopic pituitary grafts, which release prolactin into the circulation, stimulated maternal care in these females toward rat young. Steroid treatment alone, while stimulating maternal behavior in rats with intact pituitary glands, did not facilitate maternal responsiveness in hypophysectomized females. These findings indicate a stimulatory behavioral role for pituitary prolactin in the establishment of maternal care and suggest that exposure to prolactin during pregnancy helps to stimulate the immediate onset of maternal behavior at parturition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridges, R S -- DiBiase, R -- Loundes, D D -- Doherty, P C -- HD 06333/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD19789/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P 30-HD 06645/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):782-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Hypophysectomy ; *Maternal Behavior ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Prolactin/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 28
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    Hormonal control of the anatomical specificity of motoneuron-to-muscle innervation in rats (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus innervate bulbocavernosus muscles in male rats. Adult female rats normally lack both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. Prenatal treatment of females with testosterone propionate resulted in adults having, like males, both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. However, prenatal treatment with dihydrotestosterone propionate preserves the muscles but not the motoneurons. This paradoxical condition might result from (i) bulbocavernosus muscles without innervation; (ii) muscles innervated by morphologically unrecognizable motoneurons; (iii) muscles innervated by a very few spinal nucleus cells, each innervating many bulbocavernosus fibers; or (iv) muscles innervated by motoneurons outside their normal anatomical locus in the spinal nucleus. The results of retrograde marker injections into the bulbocavernosus muscles of females treated with androgen refute the first three possibilities and confirm the last: the different androgen treatments result in anatomically distinct spinal motor nuclei innervating bulbocavernosus muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breedlove, S M -- NS19790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR07006/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dihydrotestosterone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Motor Neurons/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*physiology ; Muscles/drug effects/*innervation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Testosterone/*pharmacology
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  • 29
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    Association of crossover points with topoisomerase I cleavage sites: a model for nonhomologous recombination (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: Nonhomologous DNA recombination is frequently observed in somatic cells upon the introduction of DNA into cells or in chromosomal events involving sequences already stably carried by the genome. In this report, the DNA sequences at the crossover points for excision of SV40 from chromosomes were shown to be associated with eukaryotic topoisomerase I cleavage sites in vitro. The precise location of the cleavage sites relative to the crossover points has suggested a general model for nonhomologous recombination mediated by topoisomerase I.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bullock, P -- Champoux, J J -- Botchan, M -- CA 30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/*metabolism ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Simian virus 40/*genetics
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    A new class of endogenous human retroviral genomes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Human DNA contains multiple copies of a novel class of endogenous retroviral genomes. Analysis of a human recombinant DNA clone (HLM-2) containing one such proviral genome revealed that it is a mosaic of retroviral-related sequences with the organization and length of known endogenous retroviral genomes. The HLM-2 long terminal repeat hybridized with the long terminal repeat of the squirrel monkey virus, a type D retrovirus. The HLM-2 gag and pol genes share extensive nucleotide sequence homology with those of the M432 retrovirus (a type A-related retrovirus), mouse mammary tumor virus (a type B retrovirus), and the avian Rous sarcoma virus (a type C retrovirus). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed regions in the HLM-2 pol gene that were as much as 70 percent identical to the mouse mammary tumor virus pol gene. A portion of the putative HLM-2 env gene hybridized with the corresponding region of the M432 viral genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Callahan, R -- Chiu, I M -- Wong, J F -- Tronick, S R -- Roe, B A -- Aaronson, S A -- Schlom, J -- GM30400/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1208-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2408338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Gene Products, gag ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; Retroviridae/classification/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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    Increased plasma interleukin-1 activity in women after ovulation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: The polypeptide interleukin-1 mediates many host responses to infection and inflammation. A method was developed for studying interleukin-1 levels in human plasma from febrile patients. Interleukin-1 activity was also consistently found in plasma samples from women in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. This activity was neutralized by a specific antiserum to human interleukin-1 and was low in plasma from healthy men and preovulatory women. Thus interleukin-1 appears to have a role in normal physiological conditions as well as in disease states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon, J G -- Dinarello, C A -- AI 15614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI 06951/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1247-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Female ; Fever/physiopathology ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*analysis/physiology ; *Luteal Phase ; Male ; Mice ; Ovulation
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  • 32
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    Imaging elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells with ion microscopy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Both elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells have been imaged by ion microscopy. Morphological and chemical information was obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 micron for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in freeze-fixed, cryofractured, and freeze-dried normal rat kidney cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ion transport was successfully demonstrated by imaging Na+-K+ fluxes after the inhibition of Na+- and K+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase with ouabain. This method allows measurements of elemental (isotopic) distribution to be related to cell morphology, thereby providing the means for studying ion distribution and ion transport under different physiological, pathological, and toxicological conditions in cell culture systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandra, S -- Morrison, G H -- R01GM24314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Elements/*analysis ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Kidney/*ultrastructure ; Magnesium/analysis ; Microscopy/methods ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovary/*ultrastructure ; Potassium/analysis ; Rats ; Sodium/analysis ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tissue Distribution
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    The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The reported incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to increase in countries throughout the world. On the basis of a polynomial model for extrapolation, the cumulative number of cases diagnosed and reported since 1981 in the United States is expected to double during the next year with over 12,000 additional cases projected to be diagnosed by July 1986. The annual incidence rates for single (never-married) men in Manhattan and San Francisco, intravenous drug users in New York City and New Jersey, and persons with hemophilia A ranged from 261 to 350 per 100,000 population during 1984. For single men aged 25 to 44 years in Manhattan and San Francisco, AIDS was the leading cause of premature mortality in 1984 as measured by years of potential life lost. Infection with HTLV-III/LAV is considerably more common than reported AIDS in high-risk populations and can persist at least for several years, so the presence of specific antibody should be considered presumptive evidence of current infection. The screening of donated blood and plasma for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV and use of safer clotting factor concentrates should greatly reduce HTLV-III/LAV transmission through blood and blood products. Most HTLV-III/LAV infections occur through sexual transmission, use of contaminated needles, and as a result of infected mothers passing the virus to newborns. Continued research commitment is needed to develop an HTLV-III/LAV vaccine and therapy for this infection. In the interim, widespread community efforts are needed to minimize transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, J W -- Morgan, W M -- Hardy, A M -- Jaffe, H W -- Darrow, W W -- Dowdle, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1352-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Blood Donors ; California ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Hemophilia A/complications ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; New York City ; Pregnancy ; Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; United States
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    Activated proto-onc genes: sufficient or necessary for cancer? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Proto-onc genes are normal cellular genes that are related to the transforming (onc) genes of retroviruses. Because of this relationship these genes are now widely believed to be potential cancer genes. In some tumors, proto-onc genes are mutated or expressed more than in normal cells. Under these conditions, proto-onc genes are hypothesized to be active cancer genes in one of two possible ways: The one gene-one cancer hypothesis suggests that one activated proto-onc gene is sufficient to cause cancer. The multigene-one cancer hypothesis suggests that an activated proto-onc gene is a necessary but not a sufficient cause of cancer. However, mutated or transcriptionally activated proto-onc genes are not consistently associated with the tumors in which they are occasionally found and do not transform primary cells. Further, no set of an activated proto-onc gene and a complementary cancer gene with transforming function has yet been isolated from a tumor. Thus, there is still no proof that activated proto-onc genes are sufficient or even necessary to cause cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duesberg, P H -- CA 11426/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):669-77.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Chickens ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/genetics ; Lymphoma/genetics ; Melanoma/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/etiology/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Plasmacytoma/genetics ; Rats ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Sarcoma, Experimental/genetics ; Transduction, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic ; Tumor Virus Infections/genetics
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    Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by a synthetic peptide homologous to retroviral envelope proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-25
    Description: The retroviral transmembrane envelope protein p15E is immunosuppressive in that it inhibits immune responses of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. A region of p15E has been conserved among murine and feline retroviruses; a homologous region is also found in the transmembrane envelope proteins of the human retroviruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II and in a putative envelope protein encoded by an endogenous C-type human retroviral DNA. A peptide (CKS-17) was synthesized to correspond to this region of homology and was examined for its effects on lymphocyte proliferation. CKS-17 inhibited the proliferation of an interleukin-2-dependent murine cytotoxic T-cell line as well as alloantigen-stimulated proliferation of murine and human lymphocytes. Four other peptides, representing different regions of virus proteins, were inactive. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive portion of retroviral transmembrane envelope proteins may reside, at least in part, in a-conserved sequence represented by the CKS-17 peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cianciolo, G J -- Copeland, T D -- Oroszlan, S -- Snyderman, R -- P01-CA29589-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R23-CA34671-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):453-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Feline/genetics ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Spleen/cytology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*pharmacology
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  • 36
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    Cell-specific expression of the rat insulin gene: evidence for role of two distinct 5' flanking elements (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: The 5' flanking DNA of the rat insulin I gene contains sequences controlling cell-specific expression. Analysis of this region by replacement of specific portions with nondiscriminatory control elements from viral systems shows that a transcriptional enhancer is located in the distal portion of the 5' flanking DNA; its position has been mapped by deletion analysis. Additional experiments suggest that another distinct regulatory element is located more proximal to the transcription start site. The activity of both elements is restricted to pancreatic B cells. The combinatorial effect of multiple control elements could explain the cell-specific expression of insulin genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edlund, T -- Walker, M D -- Barr, P J -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 28520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):912-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3904002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Chromosome Mapping ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Insulin/*genetics ; Islets of Langerhans/*physiology ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Transovarial transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: It has been generally accepted that infected fleas do not pass on Rickettsia mooseri, or indeed any other known pathogen, to their progeny. It is reported here that such transovarial transmission does occur in laboratory-infected Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. By means of the direct fluorescent antibody test, Rickettsia mooseri was observed in cells of the hemolymph of infected fleas. As many as 11 percent of the adults and 2.9 percent of the larvae of the generation reared therefrom, had demonstrable rickettsiae. Moreover, batches of the F1 fleas were capable of transmitting the infection to more than 18 percent of the rats they infested. The data support the contention that Xenopsylla cheopis fleas play an important role in the maintenance of murine typhus in rats in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farhang-Azad, A -- Traub, R -- Baqar, S -- AI-04242/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-17828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Insect Vectors/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/microbiology ; Rats ; Rickettsia/*physiology ; Siphonaptera/*microbiology ; Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/microbiology/*transmission
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  • 38
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    Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-29
    Description: Amino acid sequence homology was found between viral and host encephalitogenic protein. Immune responses were then generated in rabbits by using the viral peptide that cross-reacts with the self protein. Mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in the central nervous systems of animals immunized with the viral peptide. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a host protein whose encephalitogenic site of ten amino acids induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. By computer analysis, hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBVP) was found to share six consecutive amino acids with the encephalitogenic site of rabbit MBP. Rabbits given injections of a selected eight- or ten-amino acid peptide from HBVP made antibody that reacted with the predetermined sequences of HBVP and also with native MBP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the immunized rabbits proliferated when incubated with either MBP or HBVP. Central nervous system tissue taken from these rabbits had a histologic picture reminiscent of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Thus, viral infection may trigger the production of antibodies and mononuclear cells that cross-react with self proteins by a mechanism termed molecular mimicry. Tissue injury from the resultant autoallergic event can take place in the absence of the infectious virus that initiated the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujinami, R S -- Oldstone, M B -- AG-04342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI-07007/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS-12428/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1043-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2414848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; *DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/*microbiology ; Hepatitis B virus/analysis/*immunology ; *Myelin Basic Protein/immunology ; *Viral Proteins/immunology
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  • 39
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    Vitamin E reversal of the effect of extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fariss, M W -- Pascoe, G A -- Reed, D J -- ES01978/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES07060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3918345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcimycin/toxicity ; Calcium/*physiology ; Carmustine/toxicity ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/toxicity ; Liver/cytology/*drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vitamin E/*physiology
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    Interaction of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide at receptor sites in target tissues (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Discrete receptor sites for calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were found in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Each peptide was capable of cross-reacting with the specific receptor of the other. In contrast to CT receptors, CGRP receptors were not linked to adenylate cyclase. However, CGRP could stimulate adenylate cyclase in CT target tissues apparently by interacting with CT receptors. The relative abilities of CGRP and mammalian CT to inhibit CT binding suggest that CGRP could serve as an endogenous ligand for CT receptors in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goltzman, D -- Mitchell, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1343-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcitonin/*metabolism ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Calcitonin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism
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  • 41
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    Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giulian, D -- Lachman, L B -- EY04915/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA38043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR5511/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3872478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/*pathology ; Brain Injuries/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods ; Interleukin-1/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Isoelectric Focusing ; *Mitogens ; Oligodendroglia/pathology ; Rats
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  • 42
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    Atrotoxin: a specific agonist for calcium currents in heart (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: A specific label for voltage-dependent calcium channels is essential for the isolation and purification of the membrane protein that constitutes the calcium channel and for a better understanding of its function. A fraction of Crotalus atrox that increases voltage-dependent calcium currents in single, dispersed guinea pig ventricular cells was isolated. In the doses used, neither sodium nor potassium currents were changed. The fraction was active in the absence of detectable phospholipase or protease activity, and the active component, designated atrotoxin, produced its effect rapidly and reversibly. The effect was produced by extracellular but not intracellular application of the agent. The increase in Ca2+ current was blocked by the Ca2+ channel blockers cobalt and nitrendipine. The active fraction completely blocked specific [3H]nitrendipine binding to guinea pig ventricular membrane preparations. The inhibition of nitrendipine binding by atrotoxin was apparently via an allosteric mechanism. Thus atrotoxin was shown to bind to the Ca2+ channel and to act as a specific Ca2+ channel agonist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, S L -- Yatani, A -- Hawkes, M J -- Redding, K -- Brown, A M -- 1R01 HL3293S/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 1R01-HL33662-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01-HL25145-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):182-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3160111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crotalid Venoms/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Weight ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Nifedipine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Nitrendipine ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism
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    Behavioral facilitation of reproduction in sexual and parthenogenetic Drosophila (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: In a normal bisexual laboratory strain of Drosophila mercatorum, females housed with either fertile or sterile males lay more eggs than do females housed in pairs or as isolates. Females of a derived parthenogenetic strain have suffered genetic loss of this behavioral facilitation of egg production, a loss comparable to the loss of sexual receptivity. Despite these losses there has been a large increase in fecundity in the parthenogenetic strain. These findings are compared with those in a parthenogenetic lizard.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, D -- Teramoto, L T -- Carson, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):77-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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    Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The innervation of acini and ducts of eccrine sweat glands by immunoreactive, vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerve fibers was sharply reduced in seven patients with cystic fibrosis compared to eight normal subjects. The decrease in innervation by this neuropeptide, which has been shown to promote blood flow and the movement of water and chloride across epithelial surfaces in other systems, may be a basic mechanism for the decreased water content and relative impermeability of the epithelium to chloride and other ions that characterize cystic fibrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heinz-Erian, P -- Dey, R D -- Flux, M -- Said, S I -- HL30450/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sweat Glands/*innervation/physiopathology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*physiology
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    "Right-to-life" scores new victory at AID (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1065-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Cervix Mucus ; Disclosure ; *Family Planning Services ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Natural Family Planning Methods ; Ovulation ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; pressure, has decided to permit grants to natural family planning groups that do ; not adhere to long-standing AID policy that clients be provided with information ; on all methods of contraception. This step is at odds with domestic and United ; Nations policy, and it violates the medical ethic that a patient should be ; informed of all medically approved options. A brief review of the current state ; of U.S. family planning policy and the controversy surrounding it concludes with ; Holden's observation that the issue is likely to be further politicized.
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    Contraception research lagging (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contraception/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research
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    Multiple organ carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice after 60 weeks of inhalation exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 60 to 61 weeks to air containing 0, 625, or 1250 parts per million 1,3-butadiene. These concentrations are somewhat below and slightly above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard of 1000 parts per million for butadiene. The study was designed for 104-week exposures but had to be ended early due to cancer-related mortality in both sexes at both exposure concentrations. There were early induction and significantly increased incidences of hemangiosarcomas of the heart, malignant lymphomas, alveolar-bronchiolar neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms of the forestomach in males and females and acinar cell carcinomas of the mammary gland, granulosa cell neoplasms of the ovary, and hepatocellular neoplasms in females. Current workplace standards for exposure to butadiene should be reexamined in view of these findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huff, J E -- Melnick, R L -- Solleveld, H A -- Haseman, J K -- Powers, M -- Miller, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Butadienes/*toxicity ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Inflammation ; Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lymphoma/chemically induced ; Male ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Nose Diseases/chemically induced ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Stomach Neoplasms/chemically induced
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    Synthesis and evaluation of a prototypal artificial red cell (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: A new process allows microencapsulation of purified human hemoglobin and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to form neohemocytes. The microcapsule membrane is composed of phospholipids and cholesterol. Neohemocytes are substantially smaller than erythrocytes, contain 15.1 grams per decaliter of hemoglobin, and have a P50 value (the partial pressure of oxygen at which the hemoglobin is half-saturated) of 24.0 torr. All rats given 50-percent exchange transfusions survived with only limited evidence of reversible toxicity. Normal serum glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase values at 1, 7, and 30 days after transfusion were consistent with minimal hepatotoxicity. The concentration of blood urea-nitrogen was elevated by 35 percent after 1 day but returned to normal by day 7. However, histopathology revealed normal kidneys on day 1 as well as on days 7 and 30. Neohemocytes cleared from the circulation of transfused rats with an apparent half-life of 5.8 hours.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, C A -- Burnette, R R -- MacGregor, R D -- Strubbe, A E -- Lau, D T -- Taylor, N -- Kiwada, H -- R01-GM-24612/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1165-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Bilirubin/blood ; Blood Substitutes/adverse effects/*metabolism ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine/blood ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/etiology ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Rats
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    Choline acetyltransferase activity in striatum of neonatal rats increased by nerve growth factor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Some neurodegenerative disorders may be caused by abnormal synthesis or utilization of trophic molecules required to support neuronal survival. A test of this hypothesis requires that trophic agents specific for the affected neurons be identified. Cholinergic neurons in the corpus striatum of neonatal rats were found to respond to intracerebroventricular administration of nerve growth factor with prominent, dose-dependent, selective increases in choline acetyltransferase activity. Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain also respond to nerve growth factor in this way. These actions of nerve growth factor may indicate its involvement in the normal function of forebrain cholinergic neurons as well as in neurodegenerative disorders involving such cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mobley, W C -- Rutkowski, J L -- Tennekoon, G I -- Buchanan, K -- Johnston, M V -- ES07094/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- NS00603/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS17642/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):284-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2861660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects/enzymology ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/*metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/cytology/drug effects/*enzymology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology/physiology ; Neurons/enzymology/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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    Parkinson's disease: an environmental cause? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):257-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mice ; Parkinson Disease/*etiology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced ; Pesticides/adverse effects ; Pyridines/adverse effects/metabolism ; Quebec ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects
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    Molecular clocks scrutinized (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Clocks ; DNA/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats
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    Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: A population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the South African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. The genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. The apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species include (i) great difficulty in captive breeding, (ii) a high degree of juvenile mortality in captivity and in the wild, and (iii) a high frequency of spermatozoal abnormalities in ejaculates. The species vulnerability of the cheetah was demonstrated by an epizootic of coronavirus-associated feline infectious peritonitis in an Oregon breeding colony in 1983. Exposure and spread of the coronavirus, which has a very low morbidity in domestic cats (approximately 1 percent), has decimated a heretofore productive and healthy captive population. The extreme genetic monomorphism, especially at the major histocompatibility complex, and the apparent hypersensitivity of the cheetah to a viral pathogen may be related, and provide a biological basis for understanding the adaptive significance of abundant genetic variation in outbred mammalian species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Roelke, M E -- Marker, L -- Newman, A -- Winkler, C A -- Meltzer, D -- Colly, L -- Evermann, J F -- Bush, M -- Wildt, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1428-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinonyx/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Biological Evolution ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Coronaviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/*veterinary ; Disease Susceptibility/*veterinary ; Female ; Fertility ; *Genetic Variation ; Graft Rejection ; Inbreeding ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Pedigree
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    Dietary fat recommendations (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Disease/etiology/prevention & control ; Dietary Fats/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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    Brain "identifier sequence" is not restricted to brain: similar abundance in nuclear RNA of other organs (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: A repeated 82 base pair sequence in genomic DNA of the rat was previously proposed as being a control element governing brain (neuron) specific genetic expression. This intronic sequence, termed the brain "identifier" (ID), is complementary to small RNA species localized in brain cytoplasm, and it was thought to be represented specifically in RNA produced by brain nuclei in vitro. The RNA blot analyses of total nuclear and polyadenylated heterogeneous nuclear RNA described in the present report show that this ID sequence is also present in the liver and kidney in abundances similar to those in the brain. This repeated sequence is not, therefore, restricted to transcripts produced in the brain as suggested from previous transcriptional "runoff" experiments. Measurements on rat and mouse nuclear RNA indicate that the abundance of ID sequence transcript is roughly proportional to the number of copies of this repeat in the respective genomes. This suggests a rather random genomic location and transcription of this sequence. From these results it seems improbable that the ID sequence functions as a transcriptional-level control element in genes expressed specifically in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owens, G P -- Chaudhari, N -- Hahn, W E -- NS10813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1263-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genes ; Kidney/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Mice ; Neural Crest/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*analysis ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Geometrical differences among homologous neurons in mammals (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: The dendritic arbors of sympathetic neurons in different species of mammals vary systematically: the superior cervical ganglion cells of smaller mammals have fewer and less extensive dendrites than the homologous neurons in larger animals. This difference in dendritic complexity according to body size is reflected in the convergence of ganglionic innervation; the ganglion cells of progressively larger mammals are innervated by progressively more axons. These relations have implications both for the function of homologous neural systems in animals of different sizes and for the regulation of neuronal geometry during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purves, D -- Lichtman, J W -- NS 11699/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 18629/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):298-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Body Constitution ; Cricetinae ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Ganglia, Spinal/ultrastructure ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Neurons/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Externalization of beta-adrenergic receptors promoted by myocardial ischemia (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: beta-Adrenergic receptors were identified in two fractions of guinea pig myocardium: a purified sarcolemmal fraction and a light vesicle (presumably intracellular) fraction. In the light vesicle fraction, which contained approximately 25 percent of the myocardial receptors under control conditions, the receptors appeared to be segregated from the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding and catalytic components of adenylate cyclase. During myocardial ischemia, beta-adrenergic receptors were redistributed from the intracellular vesicles to the sarcolemmal fraction, where isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was increased. These findings should facilitate further studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate adrenergic receptor traffic in the myocardium and may explain the rapid enhancement in adrenergic receptor expression that occurs with myocardial ischemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisel, A S -- Motulsky, H J -- Insel, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):183-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5'-Nucleotidase ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Colforsin ; Coronary Disease/*physiopathology ; Diterpenes/pharmacology ; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/physiopathology ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Nucleotidases/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*physiology ; Sarcolemma/physiology
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    Differential control of U1 small nuclear RNA expression during mouse development (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: During normal mouse development the relative amounts of two types of U1 small nuclear RNA's (U1 RNA) change significantly. Fetal tissues have comparable levels of the two major types of mouse U1 RNA's, mU1a and mU1b, whereas most differentiated adult tissues contain only mU1a RNA's. Those adult tissues that also accumulate detectable amounts of embryonic (mU1b) RNA's (for example, testis, spleen, and thymus) contain a significant proportion of stem cells capable of further differentiation. Several strains of mice express minor sequence variants of U1 RNA's that are subject to the same developmental controls as the major types of adult and embryonic U1 RNA. The differential accumulation of embryonic U1 RNA's may influence the pattern of gene expression during early development and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, E -- Kahan, B -- Dahlberg, J E -- CA 33453/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 30220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1271-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Liver/*growth & development/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Small Nuclear ; Testis/*growth & development/metabolism
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    Guilty plea puts Oraflex case to rest (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1071.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arthritis/drug therapy ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/chemically induced ; *Legislation, Drug ; Male ; Propionates/*adverse effects
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    trans-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal: a reactive metabolite from the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-02
    Description: The toxicity of macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the livers of man and animals has been attributed to the formation of reactive pyrroles from dihydropyrrolizines. Now a novel metabolite, trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, has been isolated from the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine, in an in vitro hepatic microsomal system. Other alkenals such as trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal have previously been isolated from microsomal systems when treated with halogenated hydrocarbons or subjected to lipid peroxidation. The in vivo pathology caused by trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal appears to be identical to that previously attributed to reactive pyrroles. There are similarities between the toxic effects of this alkenal and those of centrilobular hepatotoxins such as CCl4 and other alkenals formed during lipid peroxidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segall, H J -- Wilson, D W -- Dallas, J L -- Haddon, W F -- ES-03343/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 2;229(4712):472-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehydes/*metabolism/toxicity ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; In Vitro Techniques ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lipid Peroxides/biosynthesis ; Liver Diseases/pathology ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Necrosis/chemically induced ; Portal Vein ; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/*metabolism/toxicity ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Predisposition to hookworm infection in humans (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Frequency distributions of parasitic helminths within human communities are invariably highly aggregated, the majority of worms occurring in relatively small fractions of the host populations. It has been suggested that the heavily infected individuals are predisposed to this state, not by chance, but by as yet undefined genetic, ecological, behavioral, or social factors. Analyses of individual post-treatment patterns of hookworm reinfection among 112 villagers in an endemic area of West Bengal provide quantitative evidence of predisposition to heavy infection. This observation has implications for the design of control programs based on chemotherapy because of the potential economic advantage of selective or targeted treatment as opposed to mass or blanket treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schad, G A -- Anderson, R M -- 5 RO 7 TW00141/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ancylostoma ; Anthelmintics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Hookworm Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Necator ; Parasite Egg Count ; Sex Factors
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    Diversity of circumsporozoite antigen genes from two strains of the malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the circumsporozoite antigen gene (CS gene) of the Nuri strain of the malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is presented. The gene from the Nuri strain exhibits a novel form of sequence diversity when compared to the CS gene from the H strain. Instead of the 12 tandem repeating 36-base pair units of the H strain, the Nuri strain contains 16 tandem repeating 27-base pair units of a different nucleotide sequence that encodes a different repeating peptide. In contrast, the 5' and 3' coding and noncoding sequences flanking the repeats are 98 percent conserved in both strains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharma, S -- Svec, P -- Mitchell, G H -- Godson, G N -- 1 R01 AI21496-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/*genetics ; Antigens, Surface/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmodium/*genetics/immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Sequence of the immunodominant epitope for the surface protein on sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: Plasmodium vivax is one of the four malaria parasites that cause disease in humans. The structure of the immunodominant repeating peptide of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of P. vivax was determined. A fragment of P. vivax DNA that encodes this tandemly repeating epitope was isolated by use of an oligonucleotide probe whose sequence is thought to be conserved in CS protein genes. DNA sequence analysis of the P. vivax clone indicates that the CS repeat is nine amino acids in length (Gly-Asp-Arg-Ala-Asp-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ala). The structure of the repeating region was confirmed with synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies directed against P. vivax sporozoites. This information should allow synthesis of a vaccine for P. vivax that is similar to the one being tested for P. falciparum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCutchan, T F -- Lal, A A -- de la Cruz, V F -- Miller, L H -- Maloy, W L -- Charoenvit, Y -- Beaudoin, R L -- Guerry, P -- Wistar, R Jr -- Hoffman, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1381-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2416057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Epitopes/*genetics ; *Genes ; Plasmodium vivax/*immunology ; Species Specificity
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    Monoclonal antibody-directed radioimmunoassay detects cytochrome P-450 in human placenta and lymphocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: A multiplicity of cytochromes P-450 is responsible for the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics such as drugs and carcinogens. Individual differences in sensitivity to these agents may reside in the cytochrome P-450 phenotype. A monoclonal antibody-directed radioimmunoassay was developed that detects epitope-specific cytochromes P-450 in human placentas and peripheral lymphocytes. Placentas from women who smoked cigarettes contained greater amounts of cytochrome P-450 with the monoclonal antibody-specific epitope than placentas from nonsmokers. The amount of this cytochrome P-450 in human peripheral lymphocytes increased after treatment of the mitogenized lymphocytes with the cytochrome P-450 inducer benz[a]anthracene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, B J -- Gelboin, H V -- Park, S S -- Tsokos, G C -- Friedman, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):490-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2580351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody Specificity ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/metabolism ; Benz(a)Anthracenes/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/*analysis/immunology ; Enzyme Induction/drug effects ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/*enzymology ; Methylcholanthrene/pharmacology ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Microsomes, Liver/enzymology ; Placenta/*enzymology ; Radioimmunoassay/methods ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Androgens and prenatal alcohol exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sparber, S B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):195-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*metabolism ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
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    Direct evidence that endogenous GM1 ganglioside can mediate thymocyte proliferation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-13
    Description: The B subunit of cholera toxin, which is multivalent and binds exclusively to a specific ganglioside, GM1, was mitogenic for rat thymocytes. When exposed to the B subunit, the cells proliferated, as measured by 3H-labeled thymidine incorporation. Mitogenesis depended on the direct interaction of the B subunit with GM1 on the surface of the cells. This demonstrates that endogenous plasma membrane gangliosides can mediate proliferation in lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spiegel, S -- Fishman, P H -- Weber, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 13;230(4731):1285-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Cholera Toxin/immunology/*pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; G(M1) Ganglioside/*physiology ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Mitogens ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A strong influence of serotonin axons on beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: The role of serotonin axons in modulating the norepinephrine neurotransmission system in rat brain was investigated. Selective lesions of the forebrain serotonergic system were made by injecting 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the midbrain raphe nuclei. Four to six weeks after the lesion, the uptake of 3H-labeled serotonin in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus was reduced by more than 90 percent, while neither the uptake of 3H-labeled norepinephrine nor the content of norepinephrine was affected in either tissue. The number of beta-adrenergic receptors, as measured by radioligand binding with 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol, was increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats with lesions. Similarly, specific lesions of central serotonin axons produced by systemically administered p-chloramphetamine resulted in an increase in the binding of 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-adrenergic receptors and in the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in response to isoproterenol. These results indicate that serotonin axons may regulate beta-adrenergic receptor number and function in brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stockmeier, C A -- Martino, A M -- Kellar, K J -- MH08982/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Clonidine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Prazosin/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Serotonin/*physiology
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    Acquisition by innervated cardiac myocytes of a pertussis toxin-specific regulatory protein linked to the alpha 1-receptor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: During development, the chronotropic response of rat ventricular myocardium to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation changes from positive to negative. The alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine increases the rate of contraction of neonatal rat myocytes cultured alone but decreases the rate of contraction when the myocytes are cultured with functional sympathetic neurons. The developmental induction of the inhibitory myocardial response to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation in intact ventricle and in cultured myocytes was shown to coincide with the functional acquisition of a substrate for pertussis toxin. A 41-kilodalton protein from myocytes cultured with sympathetic neurons and from adult rat myocardium showed, respectively, 2.2- and 16-fold increases in pertussis toxin-associated ADP-ribosylation (ADP, adenosine diphosphate) as compared to controls. In nerve-muscle cultures, inhibition of the actions of this protein by pertussis toxin-specific ADP-ribosylation reversed the mature inhibitory alpha 1-adrenergic response to an immature stimulatory pattern. The results suggest that innervation is associated with the appearance of a functional pertussis toxin substrate by which the alpha 1-adrenergic response becomes linked to a decrease in automaticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinberg, S F -- Drugge, E D -- Bilezikian, J P -- Robinson, R B -- AM-01186/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-20859/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-28958/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):186-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/*pharmacology ; Chickens ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Heart/*drug effects/growth & development/innervation ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Pertussis Toxin ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*drug effects ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella
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    Cassette of eight exons shared by genes for LDL receptor and EGF precursor (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: The amino acid sequences of the human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and the human precursor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) show 33 percent identity over a stretch of 400 residues. This region of homologous is encoded by eight contiguous exons in each respective gene. Of the nine introns that separate these exons, five are located in identical positions in the two protein sequences. This finding suggests that the homologous region may have resulted from a duplication of an ancestral gene and that the two genes evolved further by recruitment of exons from other genes, which provided the specific functional domains of the LDL receptor and the EGF precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudhof, T C -- Russell, D W -- Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- Sanchez-Pescador, R -- Bell, G I -- HL 01287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 31346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):893-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3873704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*genetics ; Genes ; Humans ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: The multifunctional nature of coated pit receptors predicts that these proteins will contain multiple domains. To establish the genetic basis for these domains (LDL) receptor. This gene is more than 45 kilobases in length and contains 18 exons, most of which correlate with functional domains previously defined at the protein level. Thirteen of the 18 exons encode protein sequences that are homologous to sequences in other proteins: five of these exons encode a sequence similar to one in the C9 component of complement; three exons encode a sequence similar to a repeat sequence in the precursor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and in three proteins of the blood clotting system (factor IX, factor X, and protein C); and five other exons encode nonrepeated sequences that are shared only with the EGF precursor. The LDL receptor appears to be a mosaic protein built up of exons shared with different proteins, and it therefore belongs to several supergene families.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450672/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450672/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudhof, T C -- Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- Russell, D W -- HL 01287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 31346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):815-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complement C9/genetics ; Dna ; Endonucleases ; Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics ; Factor IX/genetics ; Factor X/genetics ; *Genes ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Protein C ; Protein Precursors ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Ownership of cells raises sticky issues (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4059910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Cell Line ; *Human Body ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Patents as Topic ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; United States
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    A sexually dimorphic nucleus in the human brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: A sexually dimorphic cell group is described in the preoptic area of the human hypothalamus. Morphometric analysis revealed that the volume of this nucleus is 2.5 +/- 0.6 times (mean +/- standard error of the mean) as large in men as in women, and contains 2.2 +/- 0.5 times as many cells. Between the ages of 10 and 93 years, the nucleus decreases greatly in volume and in cell number. Although no function has yet been established for this nucleus, it is located within an area that is essential for gonadotropin release and sexual behavior in other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaab, D F -- Fliers, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1112-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoptic Area/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Reversal of oncogenesis by the expression of a major histocompatibility complex class I gene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: The classical transplantation antigens (the major histocompatibility complex class I antigens) play a key role in host defense against cells expressing foreign antigens. Several naturally occurring tumors and virally transformed cells show an overall suppression of these surface antigens. Since the class I molecules are required in the presentation of neoantigens on tumor cells to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, their absence from the cell surface may lead to the escape of these tumors from immunosurveillance. To test this possibility, a functional class I gene was transfected into human adenovirus 12-transformed mouse cells that do not express detectable levels of class I antigens; the transformants were tested for expression of the transfected gene and for changes in oncogenicity. The expression of a single class I gene, introduced by DNA-mediated gene transfer into highly tumorigenic adenovirus 12-transformed cells, was sufficient to abrogate the oncogenicity of these cells. This finding has important implications for the regulation of the malignant phenotype in certain tumors and for the potential modulation of oncogenicity through derepression of the endogenous class I genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanaka, K -- Isselbacher, K J -- Khoury, G -- Jay, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):26-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Cell Line ; Immunization ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/*immunology ; Rats
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    Melatonin: a coordinating signal for mammalian reproduction? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: There is a daily rhythm in the production of the pineal hormone melatonin in all mammalian species. Production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. This provides a signal reflecting the changing environmental lighting cycle. In seasonally breeding mammals that use changes in the photoperiod to time their reproductive cycles, temporal signals to the reproductive system are controlled by the daily rhythm in melatonin production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamarkin, L -- Baird, C J -- Almeida, O F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):714-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3881822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Estrus ; Female ; Gonads/physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology ; Light ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Melatonin/*physiology ; Pineal Gland/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Sexual Maturation
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    Neurotrophic factors (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: In addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), many proteins present in soluble tissue extracts and in the extracellular matrix influence the survival and development of cultured neurons. The structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action of NGF as a neurotrophic factor are considered along with the experiments on the new putative trophic molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thoenen, H -- Edgar, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):238-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Myocardium/cytology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid after a generalized seizure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: Cerebrospinal fluid taken from rats subjected to electroshock-induced seizures and injected into the cerebral ventricles of rats that had not been shocked increased the seizure threshold of the recipients. The anticonvulsant activity of the donor cerebrospinal fluid was antagonized by opioid antagonists and enhanced by peptidase inhibitors. These results suggest the existence of an endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid, possibly opioid in nature, which is activated as a consequence of a seizure and which may play a critical role in postseizure inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tortella, F C -- Long, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1106-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Electroshock ; Enkephalin, Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid, delta ; Seizures/*cerebrospinal fluid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protection against lethal hyperoxia by tracheal insufflation of erythrocytes: role of red cell glutathione (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Intact erythrocytes placed into the tracheobronchial tree of hyperoxic rats dramatically improved their chances for survival. Over 70 percent of the animals so treated survived more than 12 days during continuous exposure to 95 percent oxygen, whereas all of the control animals died within 96 hours. Lungs from erythrocyte-protected rats showed almost none of the morphologic damage suffered by untreated animals. Erythrocytes containing cyanomethemoglobin were as beneficial as normal erythrocytes, but cells in which glutathione was partially blocked were significantly less protective. Analogous results were obtained in vitro: 51Cr-labeled target cells released 70 to 90 percent of their label when exposed briefly to hydrogen peroxide or to toxic oxygen species generated by phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophils. Addition of intact erythrocytes decreased release by approximately 75 percent, but significantly less than this if red blood cell glutathione was partially blocked. These results suggest that insufflated erythrocytes, through their recyclable glutathione, protect rats from toxic oxygen species engendered by hyperoxia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Asbeck, B S -- Hoidal, J -- Vercellotti, G M -- Schwartz, B A -- Moldow, C F -- Jacob, H S -- HL 19725/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL07062/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL28935/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):756-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2982213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Glutathione/*administration & dosage/blood ; Lung/*drug effects ; Male ; Oxygen/*toxicity ; Rats ; Superoxides/toxicity ; Trachea
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    HTLV x-gene product: requirement for the env methionine initiation codon (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: The human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV) are replication-competent retroviruses whose genomes contain gag, pol, and env genes as well as a fourth gene, termed x, which is believed to be the transforming gene of HTLV. The product of the x gene is now shown to be encoded by a 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA derived by splicing of at least two introns. By means of S1 nuclease mapping of this RNA and nucleic acid sequence analysis of a complementary DNA clone, the complete primary structure of the x-gene product has been determined. It is encoded by sequences containing the env initiation codon and one nucleotide of the next codon spliced to the major open reading frame of the HTLV-I and HTLV-II x gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wachsman, W -- Golde, D W -- Temple, P A -- Orr, E C -- Clark, S C -- Chen, I S -- CA 30388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 38597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Codon ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Methionine/*genetics ; Rats ; Viral Proteins/*analysis
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  • 78
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    Microorganism mediated reproductive isolation in flour beetles (genus Tribolium) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Reproductive isolation is induced by microorganisms in diverse geographic strains of the flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). The incompatibility between populations is due to nongenetic cytoplasmically inherited factors. Males of infected strains produce no progeny when crossed with females of noninfected strains; however, they produce "normal" numbers of progeny when crossed with infected females. Males from noninfected strains show no reproductive isolation. Infected strains of T. confusum can be cured when tetracycline or other antibiotics are added to the flour medium. "Cured" strains become partially reproductively isolated from all noncured strains including the source strain〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, M J -- Stevens, L -- 1 K04 HD00431/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Tribolium/drug effects/microbiology/*physiology
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    A model for fibrinogen: domains and sequence (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: Electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed fibrinogen demonstrates that the molecules modified for crystallization by limited cleavage with a bacterial protease retain the major features of the native structure. This evidence, together with image processing and x-ray analysis of the crystals and of fibrin, has been used to develop a three-dimensional low resolution model for the molecule. The data indicate that the two large end domains of the molecule would be composed of the carboxyl-terminus of the B beta chain (proximal) and gamma chain (distal), respectively; the carboxyl-terminus of the A alpha chain would fold back to form an additional central domain. On this basis, the carboxyl-terminal region of each of the three chains of fibrinogen is folded independently into a globular domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisel, J W -- Stauffacher, C V -- Bullitt, E -- Cohen, C -- AM17346/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM07596-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL30954/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computers ; Fibrinogen/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation
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  • 80
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    Distinct monoamine oxidase A and B populations in primate brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies specific for monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and MAO B, respectively, were used to localize these enzymes in primate brain. The reagents recognized different populations of neurons: those that recognized MAO A were located in cell groups containing catecholamines, including the substantia nigra, nucleus locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, and the periventricular region of the hypothalamus, whereas those that recognized MAO B were observed in serotonin regions, including the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus centralis superior. These data illustrate the physiological independence of MAO A and B and show that neurons may be specialized for their degradative as well as their synthetic functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westlund, K N -- Denney, R M -- Kochersperger, L M -- Rose, R M -- Abell, C W -- MH34757/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS07309/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19543/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3875898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Brain/drug effects/*enzymology ; Brain Stem/enzymology ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mice/immunology ; Monoamine Oxidase/immunology/*metabolism ; Neurons/enzymology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/enzymology ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Raphe Nuclei/enzymology ; Rats ; Serotonin/physiology ; Substantia Nigra/enzymology
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    Human immunoglobulin D: genomic sequence of the delta heavy chain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: The DNA coding for the human immunoglobulin D(IgD) heavy chain (delta, delta) has been sequenced including the membrane and secreted termini. Human delta, like that of the mouse, has a separate exon for the carboxyl terminus of the secreted form. This feature of human and mouse IgD distinguishes it from all other immunoglobulins regardless of species or class. The human gene is different from that of the mouse; it has three, rather than two, constant region domains; and its lengthy hinge is encoded by two exons rather than one. Except for the third constant region, the human and mouse genes are only distantly related.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, M B -- Shen, A L -- Word, C J -- Tucker, P W -- Blattner, F R -- AI18016/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA31013-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):733-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3922054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin D/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin delta-Chains/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Species Specificity
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  • 82
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    Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: The hypoglossal motor neurons that innervate the vocal organ (syrinx) of the male zebra finch show a selective, long-latency (50-millisecond) response to sound. This response is eliminated by lesions to forebrain song-control nuclei. Different song syllables elicit a response from different syringeal motor neurons. Conspecific vocalizations may therefore be perceived as members of a set of vocal gestures and thus distinct from other environmental sounds. This hypothesis is an avian parallel to the motor theory of speech perception in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, H -- Nottebohm, F -- 5 R01 NS17991/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 507 RR07065/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):279-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve/physiology ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 83
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    Hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage prevented by an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-08
    Description: The possibility that neuronal damage due to hypoglycemia is induced by agonists acting on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was investigated in the rat caudate nucleus. Local injections of an NMDA receptor antagonist, 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, were performed before induction of 30 minutes of reversible, insulin-induced, hypoglycemic coma. Neuronal necrosis in these animals after 1 week of recovery was reduced 90 percent compared to that in saline-injected animals. The results suggest that hypoglycemic neuronal damage is induced by NMDA receptor agonists, such as the excitatory amino acids or related compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wieloch, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/*analogs & derivatives ; Amino Acids/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology ; Electroencephalography ; Hypoglycemia/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; N-Methylaspartate ; Necrosis ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
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    The brain connection: the corpus callosum is larger in left-handers (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: The size of the midsagittal area of the human corpus callosum obtained from postmortem measurement varied with tested hand preference. The corpus callosum, the main fiber tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, was larger by about 0.75 square centimeter, or 11 percent, in left-handed and ambidextrous people than in those with consistent right-hand preference. The difference was present in both the anterior and posterior halves, but not in the region of the splenium itself. This callosal morphology, which varied with hand preference, may also be related to individual differences in the pattern of hemispheric functional specialization. The greater bihemispheric representation of cognitive functions in left- and mixed-handers may be associated with greater anatomical connection between the hemispheres. The naturally occurring regressive events in neurogenesis, such as neuronal cell death and axonal elimination, may be factors in the individual differences in brain morphology and in functional lateralization. Specifically, right-handers may be those with more extensive early elimination of neural components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witelson, S F -- N01-NS-6-2344/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS 18954/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):665-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Corpus Callosum/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Sex Factors
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  • 85
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    Human GM-CSF: molecular cloning of the complementary DNA and purification of the natural and recombinant proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-17
    Description: Clones of complementary DNA encoding the human lymphokine known as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were isolated by means of a mammalian cell (monkey COS cell) expression screening system. One of these clones was used to produce recombinant GM-CSF in mammalian cells. The recombinant hematopoietin was similar to the natural product that was purified to apparent homogeneity from medium conditioned by a human T-cell line. The human T-cell GM-CSF was found to be 60 percent homologous with the GM-CSF recently cloned from murine lung messenger RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, G G -- Witek, J S -- Temple, P A -- Wilkens, K M -- Leary, A C -- Luxenberg, D P -- Jones, S S -- Brown, E L -- Kay, R M -- Orr, E C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):810-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3923623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/biosynthesis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Dna ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Granulocytes ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; *Macrophages ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transfection
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    Experimental leprosy in three species of monkeys (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Eleven mangabey monkeys inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae developed lepromatous-type leprosy. Nine of the mangabeys were inoculated with M. leprae isolated from a mangabey with naturally acquired lepromatous leprosy. Immune function was depressed in some of these animals after dissemination of the disease. Two mangabeys developed lepromatous leprosy after inoculation with human M. leprae passaged in an armadillo. Three rhesus and three African green monkeys inoculated with mangabey-derived M. leprae also developed lepromatous leprosy. Mangabeys may be the first reported nonhuman primate model for the study of leprosy. Rhesus and African green monkeys may also prove to be reproducibly susceptible to the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, R H -- Gormus, B J -- Martin, L N -- Baskin, G B -- Walsh, G P -- Meyers, W M -- Binford, C H -- 5R-22-AI-19302/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-00164/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3917577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis ; Cercopithecidae ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Haplorhini ; *Leprosy/immunology/pathology/transmission ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mycobacterium leprae/immunology ; Saimiri ; Species Specificity
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  • 87
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    Memory processing of serial lists by pigeons, monkeys, and people (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: List memory of pigeons, monkeys, and humans was tested with lists of four visual items (travel slides for animals and kaleidoscope patterns for humans). Retention interval increases for list-item memory revealed a consistent modification of the serial-position function shape: a monotonically increasing function at the shortest interval, a U-shaped function at intermediate intervals, and a monotonically decreasing function at the longest interval. The time course of these changes was fastest for pigeons, intermediate for monkeys, and slowest for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, A A -- Santiago, H C -- Sands, S F -- Kendrick, D F -- Cook, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sensory Sciences Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9304205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Columbidae ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Random Allocation ; *Retention (Psychology) ; Serial Learning
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  • 88
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    Transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells transfected by Harvey ras oncogene (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Transfection of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells with a plasmid carrying the ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha ras) changed the growth requirements, terminal differentiation, and tumorigenicity of the recipient cells. One of the cell lines isolated after transfection (TBE-1) was studied extensively and shown to contain v-Ha ras DNA. Total cellular RNA from TBE-1 cells hybridized to v-Ha ras structural gene fragment probes five to eight times more than RNA from parental NHBE cells. The TBE-1 cells expressed phosphorylated v-Ha ras polypeptide p21, showed a reduced requirement for growth-factor supplements, and became aneuploid as an early cellular response to v-Ha ras expression. As the transfectants acquire an indefinite life-span and anchorage independence they became transplantable tumor cells and showed many phenotypic changes suggesting a pleiotropic mechanism for the role of Ha ras in human carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoakum, G H -- Lechner, J F -- Gabrielson, E W -- Korba, B E -- Malan-Shibley, L -- Willey, J C -- Valerio, M G -- Shamsuddin, A M -- Trump, B F -- Harris, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1174-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchi/*cytology/microbiology ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Culture Media ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/microbiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Rats ; *Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Regional myocardial substrate uptake in hypertensive rats: a quantitative autoradiographic measurement (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Severe hypertension causes global and regional changes in myocardial perfusion and substrate utilization. Regional perfusion and fatty acid utilization were evaluated by dual-tracer autoradiography in normotensive and hypertensive rats of the Dahl strain. The regional distributions of perfusion and fatty acid utilization were homogeneous in normotensive rats. Severe hypertension was associated with a homogeneous pattern of regional perfusion, but fatty acid utilization was focally decreased in the free wall of the left ventricle. The decrease in fatty acid uptake was associated with a concomitant increase in glucose utilization. These findings suggest that severe hypertension is associated with uniform myocardial perfusion and focal alterations in the substrates used for the performance of myocardial work.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yonekura, Y -- Brill, A B -- Som, P -- Yamamoto, K -- Srivastava, S C -- Iwai, J -- Elmaleh, D R -- Livni, E -- Strauss, H W -- Goodman, M M -- HL29636/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1494-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Deoxyglucose/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Endocardium/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Heart Septum/metabolism ; Hypertension/*metabolism ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 90
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    Distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity in germinative cells of developing rat cerebellum (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: The cellular distribution of enkephalin, an endogenous opioid, in the developing rat cerebellum was determined by immunocytochemistry. Methionine and leucine enkephalin were concentrated in the external germinal layer, a matrix of proliferative cells; staining was confined to the cortical cytoplasm. Enkephalin was not detected by immunocytochemistry in differentiated neural cells. These results indicate that endogenous opioids are involved specifically in early phases of nervous system development, particularly cell proliferation and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagon, I S -- Rhodes, R E -- McLaughlin, P J -- NS-20500/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-20623/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1049-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3883485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cerebellum/cytology/*growth & development/physiology ; Enkephalin, Leucine/immunology/physiology ; Enkephalin, Methionine/immunology/physiology ; Enkephalins/immunology/*physiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Superinduction of c-fos by nerve growth factor in the presence of peripherally active benzodiazepines (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: Alterations in proto-oncogene expression after stimulation of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by nerve growth factor (NGF) have been investigated. A specific stimulation of c-fos messenger RNA and protein was detected 30 minutes after treatment. This induction was enhanced more than 100-fold in the presence of peripherally active benzodiazepines. The effect was specific as very little change was observed in the levels of c-rasHa, c-rasKi, c-myc, and N-myc messenger RNA's. Under the conditions used here, NGF treatment ultimately results in neurite outgrowth, with a reduction or cessation of cell division. Thus, stimulation of the c-fos gene in this system appeared to be associated with differentiation and not with cellular proliferation. The effect of benzodiazepines was stereospecific and represents a novel action of these compounds at the level of gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, T -- Morgan, J I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1265-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; *Oncogenes ; Pheochromocytoma/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    A potent nonpeptide cholecystokinin antagonist selective for peripheral tissues isolated from Aspergillus alliaceus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: A new, competitive, nonpeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist, asperlicin, was isolated from the fungus Aspergillus alliaceus. The compound has 300 to 400 times the affinity for pancreatic, ileal, and gallbladder CCK receptors than proglumide, a standard agent of this class. Moreover, asperlicin is highly selective for peripheral CCK receptors relative to brain CCK and gastrin receptors. Since asperlicin also exhibits long-lasting CCK antagonist activity in vivo, it should provide a valuable tool for investigating the physiological and pharmacological actions of CCK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, R S -- Lotti, V J -- Monaghan, R L -- Birnbaum, J -- Stapley, E O -- Goetz, M A -- Albers-Schonberg, G -- Patchett, A A -- Liesch, J M -- Hensens, O D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspergillus/*metabolism ; Benzodiazepinones/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cholecystokinin/*antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gallbladder/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Pancreas/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin
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  • 93
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    Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: Concentrations of plasma homovanillic acid before treatment were highly correlated with global severity of illness in schizophrenic patients, both before and after treatment. In contrast, a fixed dose of haloperidol did not affect those concentrations. Thus, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, plasma homovanillic acid may reflect the severity of illness, but not be influenced by short-term pharmacological perturbations by neuroleptics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K L -- Davidson, M -- Mohs, R C -- Kendler, K S -- Davis, B M -- Johns, C A -- DeNigris, Y -- Horvath, T B -- MH37922/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/*blood
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  • 94
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    Atrial natriuretic factor ameliorates chronic metabolic alkalosis by increasing glomerular filtration (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The kidney maintains the elevated plasma concentration of bicarbonate that occurs in chronic metabolic alkalosis. A reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can maintain the filtered bicarbonate load at a normal level so that a normal rate of bicarbonate reabsorption suffices to prevent urinary excretion of this anion. It is also possible that bicarbonate reabsorption might increase so as to maintain the alkalosis if GFR were not reduced. To examine this latter possibility, atrial natriuretic factor was used in alkalotic rats to restore a more normal GFR and to increase the amount of bicarbonate filtered by the glomerulus. Proximal bicarbonate reabsorption remained relatively static. Higher than normal amounts of bicarbonate were then delivered out of the proximal tubule, bicarbonate appeared in the urine, and the plasma concentration of bicarbonate fell. A reduction in GFR is thus necessary for the maintenance of chronic metabolic alkalosis. Normalizing GFR induces bicarbonaturia and initiates repair of the alkalosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cogan, M G -- 1-K08-AM 01015/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-27045/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2930899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkalosis/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Bicarbonates/urine ; Chlorides/urine ; Extracellular Space/drug effects ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/*drug effects ; Kidney/drug effects/physiopathology ; Muscle Proteins/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Nephrons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats
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  • 95
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    Alzheimer's disease: a biologist's perspectives (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finch, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alzheimer Disease/genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Humans ; Rats
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  • 96
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    Immunocytochemical detection of acetylcholine in the rat central nervous system (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: A specific antibody to acetylcholine was raised and used as a marker for cholinergic neurons in the rat central nervous system. The acetylcholine conjugate was obtained by a two-step immunogen synthesis procedure. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the specificity and affinity of the antibody in vitro; the results indicated high affinity. A chemical perfusion mixture of allyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde was used to fix the acetylcholine in the nervous tissue. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry showed many acetylcholine-immunoreactive cells and fibers in sections from the medial septum region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geffard, M -- McRae-Degueurce, A -- Souan, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Brain Mapping ; Cholinergic Fibers/*anatomy & histology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Rats
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  • 97
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    Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease. An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, J W -- Monaghan, D T -- Cotman, C W -- Lott, I T -- Kim, R C -- Chui, H C -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50AG5142/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/*pathology ; Animals ; Hippocampus/enzymology/*pathology ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 98
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    Transcription of class III genes activated by viral immediate early proteins (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-25
    Description: The adenovirus EIA and pseudorabies virus immediate early (IE) proteins induce transcription from transfected viral and nonviral genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (class II genes). These proteins have now been shown also to activate transcription of transfected genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III (class III genes). As previously observed for class II genes, this stimulation of class III gene transcription was much greater for transfected genes than for the major endogenous cellular class III genes. Extracts made from cell lines stably expressing a transfected pseudorabies virus IE gene were 10 to 20 times more active in the in vitro transcription of exogenously added class III genes than extracts of the parental cell line. These results indicate that the E1A and IE proteins stimulate the expression of class III genes by a mechanism similar to the mechanism for stimulation of class II gene transcription by these proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaynor, R B -- Feldman, L T -- Berk, A J -- CA 25235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 30981/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):447-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Drosophila/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; HeLa Cells ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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  • 99
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    Alignment of rat cardionatrin sequences with the preprocardionatrin sequence from complementary DNA (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: Mammalian atria contain peptides that promote the excretion of salt and water from the kidney. When rat atrial tissue is extracted under conditions known to inhibit proteolysis, four natriuretic peptides, cardionatrins I to IV, are consistently isolated. These peptides derive from a common precursor, preprocardionatrin, of 152 amino acids, whose sequence was determined by DNA sequencing of a complementary DNA clone. Amino acid sequencing located the start points of cardionatrins I, III, and IV in the overall sequence. Cardionatrin IV most closely resembles procardionatrin because it begins immediately after the signal sequence at residue 25. Cardionatrin III begins at residue 73, and cardionatrin I, sequenced previously, begins at residue 123. Compositional analysis indicated that each of these cardionatrins extends up to tyrosine at position 150 but lacks the terminal two arginine residues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, T G -- Davies, P L -- Kennedy, B P -- de Bold, M L -- de Bold, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3157217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Function ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Base Sequence ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/*genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Peptide Fragments ; Protein Precursors/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Rats
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  • 100
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    Huntington's disease: two families with differing clinical features show linkage to the G8 probe (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: To test the hypothesis that interfamily variability in Huntington's Disease (HD) is due to mutation at different loci, linkage analysis was undertaken in two large HD kindreds that differed in ethnicity, age-at-onset, and neurologic and psychiatric features. Both families showed linkage of the HD locus to the G8 probe. Several recombinants were documented in each family, and the best estimate of the recombination fraction for the two families was 6 percent with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0 to 12 percent. Although the data support the existence of a single HD locus, use of the G8 probe for presymptomatic testing in these kindreds would have resulted in a 12 percent error rate in genotype assignment at the HD locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Folstein, S E -- Phillips, J A 3rd -- Meyers, D A -- Chase, G A -- Abbott, M H -- Franz, M L -- Waber, P G -- Kazazian, H H Jr -- Conneally, P M -- Hobbs, W -- AM 13983/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk
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