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  • *Biological Evolution  (128)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (128)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Chemical Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2000-2004  (126)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1965-1969
  • 2003  (69)
  • 2002  (57)
  • 1983  (2)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (128)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Chemical Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 2000-2004  (126)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
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    Genomics. Gene duplication and evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):945-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. mlynch@bio.indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Duplicate ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Primate origins meeting. New fossils and a glimpse of evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, Anne Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Color Perception ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fossils ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; *Primates/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Hybridization and the evolution of reef coral diversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: Hundreds of coral species coexist sympatrically on reefs, reproducing in mass-spawning events where hybridization appears common. In the Caribbean, DNA sequence data from all three sympatric Acropora corals show that mass spawning does not erode species barriers. Species A. cervicornis and A. palmata are distinct at two nuclear loci or share ancestral alleles. Morphotypes historically given the name Acropora prolifera are entirely F(1) hybrids of these two species, showing morphologies that depend on which species provides the egg for hybridization. Although selection limits the evolutionary potential of hybrids, F(1) individuals can reproduce asexually and form long-lived, potentially immortal hybrids with unique morphologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollmer, Steven V -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. svollmer@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Calmodulin/genetics ; Caribbean Region ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Collagen/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Introns ; Likelihood Functions ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A green algal apicoplast ancestor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Funes, Soledad -- Davidson, Edgar -- Reyes-Prieto, Adrian -- Magallon, Susana -- Herion, Pascal -- King, Michael P -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- HL59646/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TW01176/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), 04510 D.F., Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apicomplexa/enzymology/*genetics/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/enzymology/genetics ; Chlorophyta/enzymology/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry/*genetics ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes ; Genes, Protozoan ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plastids/*genetics ; Symbiosis ; Toxoplasma/enzymology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Sustaining fisheries yields over evolutionary time scales (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: Fishery management plans ignore the potential for evolutionary change in harvestable biomass. We subjected populations of an exploited fish (Menidia menidia) to large, small, or random size-selective harvest of adults over four generations. Harvested biomass evolved rapidly in directions counter to the size-dependent force of fishing mortality. Large-harvested populations initially produced the highest catch but quickly evolved a lower yield than controls. Small-harvested populations did the reverse. These shifts were caused by selection of genotypes with slower or faster rates of growth. Management tools that preserve natural genetic variation are necessary for long-term sustainable yield.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conover, David O -- Munch, Stephan B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):94-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA. dconover@notes.cc.sunysb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Genetic Variation ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Evolution. Little else but parasites (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, J K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1680-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. james.brown@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Basidiomycota/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Flax/genetics/*microbiology/physiology ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Variation ; Models, Genetic ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Reproduction ; Spores, Fungal ; Virulence/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Loren Rieseberg profile. No garden-variety biologist (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Desert Climate ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genes, Plant ; Helianthus/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Mammal menagerie (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Diet ; *Dogs/anatomy & histology ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Paleontology ; *Predatory Behavior ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Psychology. Evolution of the social brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunbar, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1160-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cognition ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Grooming ; Hierarchy, Social ; Language ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Papio/physiology/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Support ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Rapid evolution of egg size in captive salmon (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: Captive breeding and release programs, widely used to supplement populations of declining species, minimize juvenile mortality to achieve rapid population growth. However, raising animals in benign environments may promote traits that are adaptive in captivity but maladaptive in nature. In chinook salmon, hatchery rearing relaxes natural selection favoring large eggs, allowing fecundity selection to drive exceptionally rapid evolution of small eggs. Trends toward small eggs are also evident in natural populations heavily supplemented by hatcheries, but not in minimally supplemented populations. Unintentional selection in captivity can lead to rapid changes in critical life-history traits that may reduce the success of supplementation or reintroduction programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heath, Daniel D -- Heath, John W -- Bryden, Colleen A -- Johnson, Rachel M -- Fox, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1738-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada. dheath@uwindsor.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Breeding ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Female ; Fertility ; *Fisheries ; Ovum/*physiology ; Salmon/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Evolution. Evolutionary danger for rainforest species (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roff, Derek -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):58-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. derek.roff@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Selection, Genetic ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Separate evolutionary origins of teeth from evidence in fossil jawed vertebrates (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: Placoderms are extinct jawed fishes of the class Placodermi and are basal among jawed vertebrates. It is generally thought that teeth are absent in placoderms and that the phylogenetic origin of teeth occurred after the evolution of jaws. However, we now report the presence of tooth rows in more derived placoderms, the arthrodires. New teeth are composed of gnathostome-type dentine and develop at specific locations. Hence, it appears that these placoderm teeth develop and are regulated as in other jawed vertebrates. Because tooth development occurs only in derived forms of placoderms, we suggest that teeth evolved at least twice, through a mechanism of convergent evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Moya Meredith -- Johanson, Zerina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK. moya.smith@kcl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dentition ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; *Tooth ; Western Australia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Structural dynamics of eukaryotic chromosome evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Large-scale genome sequencing is providing a comprehensive view of the complex evolutionary forces that have shaped the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. Comparative sequence analyses reveal patterns of apparently random rearrangement interspersed with regions of extraordinarily rapid, localized genome evolution. Numerous subtle rearrangements near centromeres, telomeres, duplications, and interspersed repeats suggest hotspots for eukaryotic chromosome evolution. This localized chromosomal instability may play a role in rapidly evolving lineage-specific gene families and in fostering large-scale changes in gene order. Computational algorithms that take into account these dynamic forces along with traditional models of chromosomal rearrangement show promise for reconstructing the natural history of eukaryotic chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eichler, Evan E -- Sankoff, David -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD43569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):793-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Center for Computational Genomics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. eee@po.cwru.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Centromere/physiology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes/genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Humans ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synteny ; Telomere/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Evolution. Climb every mountain? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elena, Santiago F -- Sanjuan, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2074-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain. sfelena@ibmcp.upv.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas/physiology ; Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Light ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/genetics/*physiology ; RNA Viruses/physiology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: The ability of sensitive rainforest species to evolve in response to climate change is largely unknown. We show that the Australian tropical rainforest fly Drosophila birchii exhibits clinal variation in desiccation resistance, but the most resistant population lacks the ability to evolve further resistance even after intense selection for over 30 generations. Parent-offspring comparisons indicate low heritable variation for this trait but high levels of genetic variation for morphology. D. birchii also exhibits abundant genetic variation at microsatellite loci. The low potential for resistance evolution highlights the importance of assessing evolutionary potential in targeted ecological traits and species from threatened habitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, A A -- Hallas, R J -- Dean, J A -- Schiffer, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia. A.Hoffmann@latrobe.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Selection, Genetic ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Ecology and evolution. Darwin's hummingbirds (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altshuler, Douglas L -- Clark, Christopher James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91104, USA. doug@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Body Constitution ; Dominica ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology ; Heliconiaceae/*anatomy & histology ; Male ; Pigmentation ; Saint Lucia ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 17
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    Infectious diseases. Darwinian vaccines (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Corynebacterium diphtheriae/pathogenicity ; Diphtheria/microbiology/prevention & control ; Diphtheria Toxin/biosynthesis ; Diphtheria Toxoid ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; *Vaccines ; *Virulence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Infectious diseases. Taming pathogens: an elegant idea, but does it work? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cholera/epidemiology/microbiology/transmission ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases/*microbiology/*parasitology/transmission/virology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; *Models, Biological ; Myxoma virus/pathogenicity ; Sanitation ; Vibrio cholerae/pathogenicity ; *Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association of Physical Anthropologists meeting. Humans' head start: new views of brain evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):835-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology, Physical ; *Biological Evolution ; *Brain/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Brain Mapping ; *Diet ; Dietary Fats ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage/physiology ; Fishes ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology ; Shellfish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sauropod trackways, evolution, and behavior (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Day, Julia J -- Upchurch, Paul -- Norman, David B -- Gale, Andrew S -- Powell, H Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK. jday00@esc.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Great Britain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolutionary biology. Timing is everything for Wolbachia hosts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):999-1000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Division ; Chromosomes/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Male ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Nuclear Envelope/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Time Factors ; Wasps/embryology/*microbiology/*physiology ; Wolbachia/*physiology ; Zygote/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolutionary biology. Darwin's avian muses continue to evolve (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):633-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Ecuador ; Female ; Food ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 23
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    Evolution of developmental diversity. Evo-devo devotees eye ocular origins and more (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1010-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cartilage/growth & development/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/physiology ; Chondrocytes/physiology ; *Developmental Biology ; *Diet ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; *Eye ; Eye Proteins ; Folic Acid/administration & dosage ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Light ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Planarians/genetics/physiology ; Regeneration ; Repressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 24
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    Primate evolution. Gene activity clocks brain's fast evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):233-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Blood ; Brain/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Haplorhini/*genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Macaca/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Pongo pygmaeus/genetics ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolutionary biology. Finches adapt rapidly to new homes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alabama ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Montana ; Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Mussels on the move (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, Katie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1821-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia/genetics/*physiology ; Bone and Bones ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater ; Whales
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution of nitrogen fixation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Towe, Kenneth M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):798-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11824449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/*metabolism ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/*metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria/*metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism
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  • 28
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    Plants compared to animals: the broadest comparative study of development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: If the last common ancestor of plants and animals was unicellular, comparison of the developmental mechanisms of plants and animals would show that development was independently invented in each lineage. And if this is the case, comparison of plant and animal developmental processes would give us a truly comparative study of development, which comparisons merely among animals, or merely among plants, do not-because in each of these lineages, the fundamental mechanisms are similar by descent. Evidence from studies of developmental mechanisms in both kingdoms, and data from genome-sequencing projects, indicate that development evolved independently in the lineages leading to plants and to animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyerowitz, Elliot M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1482-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. meyerow@its.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Patterning ; Chromatin/*physiology ; Drosophila/genetics/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Plant ; Genome ; Genome, Plant ; *Plant Development ; Plants/genetics ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 29
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    Sperm-female coevolution in Drosophila (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: Rapid evolution of reproductive traits has been attributed to sexual selection arising from interaction between the sexes. However, little is known about the nature of selection driving the evolution of interacting sex-specific phenotypes. Using populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for divergent sperm length or female sperm-storage organ length, we experimentally show that male fertilization success is determined by an interaction between sperm and female morphology. In addition, sperm length evolution occurred as a correlated response to selection on the female reproductive tract. Giant sperm tails are the cellular equivalent of the peacock's tail, having evolved because females evolved reproductive tracts that selectively bias paternity in favor of males with longer sperm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Gary T -- Pitnick, Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1230-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 108 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Copulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sperm Tail/ultrastructure ; Spermatozoa/*cytology/physiology
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    Evolution. Did an impact trigger the dinosaurs' rise? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1215-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs ; Ecosystem ; Ferns ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iridium/analysis ; *Meteoroids ; *Minor Planets ; North America ; Pennsylvania
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    Heterotopic shift of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in vertebrate jaw evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Genes involved in late specification of the mandibular arch, the source of the vertebrate jaw, are expressed with similar patterns in the oral regions of chick and lamprey embryos. However, morphological comparisons indicate that apparently orthologous homeobox genes were expressed in different subdivisions of the ectomesenchyme in the two species. Therefore, the homology and gene expression of the oral region are uncoupled during the transition from agnathan to gnathostome; we conclude that a heterotopic shift of tissue interaction was involved in the evolution of the jaw.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shigetani, Yasuyo -- Sugahara, Fumiaki -- Kawakami, Yayoi -- Murakami, Yasunori -- Hirano, Shigeki -- Kuratani, Shigeru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1316-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/physiology ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Epidermis/embryology/metabolism ; Epithelium/embryology/physiology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Homeobox ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Jaw/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Lampreys/*embryology/genetics ; Lip/embryology/metabolism ; Mandible/anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Mesoderm/metabolism/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mouth/embryology/metabolism ; Neural Crest/embryology/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Transcription Factors
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  • 32
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    Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: a bioinorganic bridge? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: Recent data imply that for much of the Proterozoic Eon (2500 to 543 million years ago), Earth's oceans were moderately oxic at the surface and sulfidic at depth. Under these conditions, biologically important trace metals would have been scarce in most marine environments, potentially restricting the nitrogen cycle, affecting primary productivity, and limiting the ecological distribution of eukaryotic algae. Oceanic redox conditions and their bioinorganic consequences may thus help to explain observed patterns of Proterozoic evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, A D -- Knoll, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1137-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. anbar@earth.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/growth & development/metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota/growth & development/metabolism ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iron/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Seawater ; Sulfides/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Trace Elements/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 33
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    Mechanisms of adaptation in a predator-prey arms race: TTX-resistant sodium channels (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Populations of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis have evolved geographically variable resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in a coevolutionary arms race with their toxic prey, newts of the genus Taricha. Here, we identify a physiological mechanism, the expression of TTX-resistant sodium channels in skeletal muscle, responsible for adaptive diversification in whole-animal resistance. Both individual and population differences in the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to function in the presence of TTX correlate closely with whole-animal measures of TTX resistance. Demonstration of individual variation in an essential physiological function responsible for the adaptive differences among populations is a step toward linking the selective consequences of coevolutionary interactions to geographic and phylogenetic patterns of diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geffeney, Shana -- Brodie, Edmund D Jr -- Ruben, Peter C -- Brodie, Edmund D 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1336-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/*physiology ; Drug Resistance ; Linear Models ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/*physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/physiology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Salamandridae/metabolism ; Skin/chemistry ; Sodium Channels/*drug effects/physiology ; Tetrodotoxin/*toxicity ; United States
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    Becoming human. New fossils raise molecular questions (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cercopithecidae ; DNA/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes
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  • 35
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    Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Evolution can be predicted in the short term from a knowledge of selection and inheritance. However, in the long term evolution is unpredictable because environments, which determine the directions and magnitudes of selection coefficients, fluctuate unpredictably. These two features of evolution, the predictable and unpredictable, are demonstrated in a study of two populations of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos island of Daphne Major. From 1972 to 2001, Geospiza fortis (medium ground finch) and Geospiza scandens (cactus finch) changed several times in body size and two beak traits. Natural selection occurred frequently in both species and varied from unidirectional to oscillating, episodic to gradual. Hybridization occurred repeatedly though rarely, resulting in elevated phenotypic variances in G. scandens and a change in beak shape. The phenotypic states of both species at the end of the 30-year study could not have been predicted at the beginning. Continuous, long-term studies are needed to detect and interpret rare but important events and nonuniform evolutionary change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Peter R -- Grant, B Rosemary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):707-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. prgrantprinceton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Female ; Food ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Phenotype ; Sampling Studies ; Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Evolutionary biology. Evo-devo enthusiasts get down to details (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):953-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Caenorhabditis/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; *Developmental Biology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; *Genes ; Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Male ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Species Specificity ; Stomatognathic System/anatomy & histology
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    Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are submarine springs where nutrient-rich fluids emanate from the sea floor. Vent and seep ecosystems occur in a variety of geological settings throughout the global ocean and support food webs based on chemoautotrophic primary production. Most vent and seep invertebrates arrive at suitable habitats as larvae dispersed by deep-ocean currents. The recent evolution of many vent and seep invertebrate species (〈100 million years ago) suggests that Cenozoic tectonic history and oceanic circulation patterns have been important in defining contemporary biogeographic patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dover, C L -- German, C R -- Speer, K G -- Parson, L M -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1253-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA. cindy_vandover@wm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates/classification/genetics/physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolution. Could poor nutrition have held life back? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1104-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; *Eukaryota/growth & development ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron/analysis ; Metals/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; *Oxygen/analysis ; Seawater ; Sulfates/analysis ; Sulfides/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Sex-biased hatching order and adaptive population divergence in a passerine bird (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: Most species of birds can lay only one egg per day until a clutch is complete, and the order in which eggs are laid often has strong and sex-specific effects on offspring growth and survival. In two recently established populations of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) in Montana and Alabama, breeding females simultaneously adjusted the sex and growth of offspring in relation to their position in the laying order, thereby reducing the mortality of sons and daughters by 10 to 20% in both environments. We show experimentally that the reduction in mortality is produced by persistent and sex-specific maternal effects on the growth and morphology of offspring. These strong parental effects may have facilitated the rapid adaptive divergence among populations of house finches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Badyaev, Alexander V -- Hill, Geoffrey E -- Beck, Michelle L -- Dervan, Anne A -- Duckworth, Renee A -- McGraw, Kevin J -- Nolan, Paul M -- Whittingham, Linda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. abadyaev@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alabama ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Montana ; Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology/growth & development
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    Buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: A high-resolution pollen record from western Greece shows that the amplitude of millennial-scale oscillations in tree abundance during the last glacial period was subdued, with temperate tree populations surviving throughout the interval. This provides evidence for the existence of an area of relative ecological stability, reflecting the influence of continued moisture availability and varied topography. Long-term buffering of populations from climatic extremes, together with genetic isolation at such refugial sites, may have allowed lineage divergence to proceed through the Quaternary. Such ecologically stable areas may be critical not only for the long-term survival of species, but also for the emergence of new ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tzedakis, P C -- Lawson, I T -- Frogley, M R -- Hewitt, G M -- Preece, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2044-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. P.Tzedakis@geog.leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Greece ; Pollen ; Time ; *Trees/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
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    Floral evolution. A compromise on floral traits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):45-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Angiosperms/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Ants ; Bees ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Euphorbiaceae/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation ; *Plant Structures/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Pollen ; Selection, Genetic
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    Evolution and development. Comparative biology joins the molecular age (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Computational Biology ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Introns ; Invertebrates/*genetics ; Planarians/genetics/physiology ; Regeneration ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Urochordata/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics/growth & development ; Vertebrates/*genetics
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    Flight of the dodo (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Beth -- Sibthorpe, Dean -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Austin, Jeremy -- Wragg, Graham M -- Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R P -- Lee, Patricia L M -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1683.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*classification/*genetics ; Columbidae/classification/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Flight, Animal ; Likelihood Functions ; *Phylogeny
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    The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: We argue that an understanding of the faculty of language requires substantial interdisciplinary cooperation. We suggest how current developments in linguistics can be profitably wedded to work in evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience. We submit that a distinction should be made between the faculty of language in the broad sense (FLB) and in the narrow sense (FLN). FLB includes a sensory-motor system, a conceptual-intentional system, and the computational mechanisms for recursion, providing the capacity to generate an infinite range of expressions from a finite set of elements. We hypothesize that FLN only includes recursion and is the only uniquely human component of the faculty of language. We further argue that FLN may have evolved for reasons other than language, hence comparative studies might look for evidence of such computations outside of the domain of communication (for example, number, navigation, and social relations).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hauser, Marc D -- Chomsky, Noam -- Fitch, W Tecumseh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1569-79.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mdhauser@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Concept Formation ; Humans ; Imitative Behavior ; *Language ; Learning ; *Linguistics ; Mathematics ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Speech ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Paleoceanography. Inconstant ancient seas and life's path (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1165-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcium/*analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; *Fossils ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Magnesium/*analysis ; Mollusca/chemistry ; Plankton/chemistry ; Sea Urchins/*chemistry ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Time
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    Evolutionary biology. Placentas may nourish complexity studies (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cyprinodontiformes/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; *Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; *Placenta/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Species Specificity
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    Linguistics. Noam's Ark (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bever, Thomas -- Montalbetti, Mario -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1565-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. tgb@u.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; *Language ; *Linguistics ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Psycholinguistics
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    Grasping primate origins (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: The evolutionary history that led to Eocene-and-later primates of modern aspect (Euprimates) has been uncertain. We describe a skeleton of Paleocene plesiadapiform Carpolestes simpsoni that includes most of the skull and many postcranial bones. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Carpolestidae are closely related to Euprimates. C. simpsoni had long fingers and an opposable hallux with a nail. It lacked orbital convergence and an ankle specialized for leaping. We infer that the ancestor of Euprimates was primitively an arboreal grasper adapted for terminal branch feeding rather than a specialized leaper or visually directed predator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloch, Jonathan I -- Boyer, Doug M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1606-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA. carpo@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arm/anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Fingers/anatomy & histology ; Foot/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Fossils ; Hallux/anatomy & histology ; Hand/anatomy & histology ; Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Metatarsal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Nails/anatomy & histology ; Orbit/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; *Primates/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Wyoming
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    Evolutionary genetics. Jumbled DNA separates chimps and humans (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):719-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; DNA/*genetics ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Software ; Species Specificity
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    Evolution of the gene network underlying wing polyphenism in ants (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Wing polyphenism in ants evolved once, 125 million years ago, and has been a key to their amazing evolutionary success. We characterized the expression of several genes within the network underlying the wing primordia of reproductive (winged) and sterile (wingless) ant castes. We show that the expression of several genes within the network is conserved in the winged castes of four ant species, whereas points of interruption within the network in the wingless castes are evolutionarily labile. The simultaneous evolutionary lability and conservation of the network underlying wing development in ants may have played an important role in the morphological diversification of this group and may be a general feature of polyphenic development and evolution in plants and animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abouheif, Ehab -- Wray, Gregory A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):249-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Post Office Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA. abouheif@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics/*growth & development ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Frequency ; *Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/metabolism
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    Plant evolution. Elaborate carnivorous plants prove to be kin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1626.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*classification/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosera/classification/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular
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    Ribonucleases in ruminants (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beintema, Jaap J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1121-2; author reply 1121-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Digestion ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ruminants/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Cool cats lose out in the mane event (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1255-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature ; Female ; *Hair ; Hair Color ; Hot Temperature ; Lions/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Wing-assisted incline running and the evolution of flight (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: Flapping wings of galliform birds are routinely used to produce aerodynamic forces oriented toward the substrate to enhance hindlimb traction. Here, I document this behavior in natural and laboratory settings. Adult birds fully capable of aerial flight preferentially employ wing-assisted incline running (WAIR), rather than flying, to reach elevated refuges (such as cliffs, trees, and boulders). From the day of hatching and before attaining sustained aerial flight, developing ground birds use WAIR to enhance their locomotor performance through improved foot traction, ultimately permitting vertical running. WAIR provides insight from behaviors observable in living birds into the possible role of incipient wings in feathered theropod dinosaurs and offers a previously unstudied explanation for the evolution of avian flight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dial, Kenneth P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Flight Laboratory, Avian Studies Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana (UM), Missoula, MT 59812, USA. kdial@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acceleration ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Feathers/physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Forelimb/physiology ; Hindlimb/physiology ; *Locomotion ; Movement ; Running ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Adaptation limits diversification of experimental bacterial populations (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: Adaptation to a specific niche theoretically constrains a population's ability to subsequently diversify into other niches. We tested this theory using the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, which diversifies into niche specialists when propagated in laboratory microcosms. Numerically dominant genotypes were allowed to diversify in isolation. As predicted, populations increased in fitness through time but showed a greatly decreased ability to diversify. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that niche generalists and reductions in intrinsic evolvability were not responsible for our data. These results show that niche specialization may come with a cost of reduced potential to diversify.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckling, Angus -- Wills, Matthew A -- Colegrave, Nick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. bssagjb@bath.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic
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    Comment on "Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, John R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):825; author reply 825.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and AHRB Centre for the Evolutionary Analysis of Cultural Behaviour, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. ucsajrs@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Europe ; Fossils ; Geography ; Pollen ; Time ; *Trees/genetics/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Major ecological transitions in wild sunflowers facilitated by hybridization (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Hybridization is frequent in many organismal groups, but its role in adaptation is poorly understood. In sunflowers, species found in the most extreme habitats are ancient hybrids, and new gene combinations generated by hybridization are speculated to have contributed to ecological divergence. This possibility was tested through phenotypic and genomic comparisons of ancient and synthetic hybrids. Most trait differences in ancient hybrids could be recreated by complementary gene action in synthetic hybrids and were favored by selection. The same combinations of parental chromosomal segments required to generate extreme phenotypes in synthetic hybrids also occurred in ancient hybrids. Thus, hybridization facilitated ecological divergence in sunflowers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rieseberg, Loren H -- Raymond, Olivier -- Rosenthal, David M -- Lai, Zhao -- Livingstone, Kevin -- Nakazato, Takuya -- Durphy, Jennifer L -- Schwarzbach, Andrea E -- Donovan, Lisa A -- Lexer, Christian -- R01 G59065/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1211-6. Epub 2003 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. lriesebe@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Diploidy ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Genotype ; Helianthus/*genetics/physiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invertebrate paleontology. Gutsy fossil sets record for staying the course (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/*anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Great Britain ; Paleontology ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Separate evolutionary origins of teeth from evidence in fossil jawed vertebrates" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrow, Carole J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1661; author reply 1661.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072 Australia. CBurrow@zen.uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dentition ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology ; Fossils ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; *Tooth ; Vertebrates/*anatomy & histology
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    Paleontology. Peering into ancient ears (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):770-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ear Ossicles/*anatomy & histology/physiology/radiography ; Ear, Inner/*anatomy & histology/physiology/radiography ; Flight, Animal ; *Fossils ; *Hearing ; Locomotion ; Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Paleontology ; Postural Balance ; Semicircular Canals/anatomy & histology/physiology/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology and evolution. Modulating mutation rates in the wild (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, Susan M -- Hastings, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1382-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. smr@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Air Microbiology ; Animals ; *Bacterial Proteins ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; DNA Repair ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Exodeoxyribonuclease V ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein ; *Mutagenesis ; Oxidative Stress ; Rec A Recombinases/metabolism ; SOS Response (Genetics) ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolution. Sex, sunflowers, and speciation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK. rja@st-and.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Diploidy ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genes, Plant ; Genotype ; Helianthus/*genetics/physiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity
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    Paleontology. Life's diversity may truly have leaped since the dinosaurs (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1067-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Variation ; Mollusca/classification ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An evolutionary advantage of haploidy in large yeast populations (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: Although seed plants and multicellular animals are predominantly diploid, the prominence of diploidy varies greatly among eukaryote life cycles, and no general evolutionary advantage of diploidy has been demonstrated. By doubling the copy number of each gene, diploidy may increase the rate at which adaptive mutations are produced. However, models suggest that this does not necessarily accelerate adaptation by diploid populations. We tested model predictions regarding rates of adaptation using asexual yeast populations. Adaptive mutations were on average partially recessive. As predicted, diploidy slowed adaptation by large populations but not by small populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeyl, Clifford -- Vanderford, Thomas -- Carter, Michele -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):555-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA. zeylcw@wfu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Analysis of Variance ; *Biological Evolution ; Diploidy ; Genes, Dominant ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Recessive ; *Haploidy ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Reproduction ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*physiology
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    Independent origins and rapid evolution of the placenta in the fish genus Poeciliopsis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: The evolution of complex organs is a source of controversy because they require the contributions of many adaptations to function properly. We argue that placentas are complex, that they have evolved multiple times in Poeciliopsis, and that there are closely related sister taxa that have either no placentas or intermediate stages in the evolution of a placenta. Furthermore, placentas can evolve in 750,000 years or less, on the same time scale as suggested by theoretical calculations for the evolution of complex eyes. Independent origins of such complexity, accompanied by sister taxa that either lack or have intermediate stages in the evolution of the trait, present an opportunity to study the evolution of novelty and complexity from a comparative, evolutionary perspective.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reznick, David N -- Mateos, Mariana -- Springer, Mark S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1018-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. david.reznick@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; *Cyprinodontiformes/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Models, Animal ; Ovum/physiology ; Phylogeny ; *Placenta/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Tempo and mode of evolutionary radiation in iguanian lizards (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: Identification of general properties of evolutionary radiations has been hindered by the lack of a general statistical and phylogenetic approach applicable across diverse taxa. We present a comparative analytical framework for examining phylogenetic patterns of diversification and morphological disparity with data from four iguanian-lizard taxa that exhibit substantially different patterns of evolution. Taxa whose diversification occurred disproportionately early in their evolutionary history partition more of their morphological disparity among, rather than within, subclades. This inverse relationship between timing of diversification and morphological disparity within subclades may be a general feature that transcends the historically contingent properties of different evolutionary radiations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmon, Luke J -- Schulte, James A 2nd -- Larson, Allan -- Losos, Jonathan B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):961-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Campus Box 1137, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA. harmon@biology.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Iguanas/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Statistical ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity
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    Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Andrea J -- Payne, Robert J H -- Pagel, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):478.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes ; Likelihood Functions ; Mathematics ; Models, Statistical ; *Phylogeny
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An ostracode crustacean with soft parts from the Lower Silurian (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: An exceptionally well-preserved ostracode from the Silurian of Herefordshire, United Kingdom, provides a rare view of the fossilized soft-part anatomy of this important group of living crustaceans and confirms that Ostracoda were extant in the Paleozoic. The fossil has striking similarity to the extant myodocopid family Cylindroleberididae, to which it is assigned, and demonstrates remarkable evolutionary stasis over 425 million years. The fossil is identified as a male on the basis of its copulatory organ.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siveter, David J -- Sutton, Mark D -- Briggs, Derek E G -- Siveter, Derek J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. djs@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/*anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Great Britain ; Paleontology ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invertebrate ecological immunology (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: Ecological immunology is a rapidly expanding field that examines the causes and consequences of variation in immune function in the context of evolution and of ecology. Millions of invertebrate species rely solely on innate immunity, compared with only 45,000 vertebrate species that rely additionally on an acquired immune system. Despite this difference in diversity, most studies of ecological immunology focus on vertebrates. Here we review recent progress derived largely from the mechanistic analysis of invertebrate innate immunity. Using this empirical base, we pose general questions in areas that are of central importance for the development of ecological immunology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rolff, J -- Siva-Jothy, M T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):472-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK. jor@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecology ; Genetic Variation ; Hormones/physiology ; *Immunity/genetics ; *Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Invertebrates/genetics/*immunology ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Paleontology. Primitive jawed fishes had teeth of their own design (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dentition ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Paleodontology ; *Tooth/anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Teaching evolution. Texas resolves war over biology texts (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; Humans ; Teaching ; Terminology as Topic ; Texas ; *Textbooks as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodiversity. New Chinese center marks a coming of age for field (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):559.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Germany ; Internationality ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biological networks: the tinkerer as an engineer (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: This viewpoint comments on recent advances in understanding the design principles of biological networks. It highlights the surprising discovery of "good-engineering" principles in biochemical circuitry that evolved by random tinkering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alon, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1866-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100. urialon@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; DNA/metabolism ; Engineering ; *Models, Biological ; Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Theory
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    The deep roots of eukaryotes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: Most cultivated and characterized eukaryotes can be confidently assigned to one of eight major groups. After a few false starts, we are beginning to resolve relationships among these major groups as well. However, recent developments are radically revising this picture again, particularly (i) the discovery of the likely antiquity and taxonomic diversity of ultrasmall eukaryotes, and (ii) a fundamental rethinking of the position of the root. Together these data suggest major gaps in our understanding simply of what eukaryotes are or, when it comes to the tree, even which end is up.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldauf, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1703-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, Box 373, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, UK. slb14@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Classification/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryotic Cells/*classification ; *Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The impact of the pull of the recent on the history of marine diversity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: Up to 50% of the increase in marine animal biodiversity through the Cenozoic at the genus level has been attributed to a sampling bias termed "the Pull of the Recent," the extension of stratigraphic ranges of fossil taxa by the relatively complete sampling of the Recent biota. However, 906 of 958 living genera and subgenera of bivalve mollusks having a fossil record occur in the Pliocene or Pleistocene. The Pull of the Recent thus accounts for only 5% of the Cenozoic increase in bivalve diversity, a major component of the marine record, suggesting that the diversity increase is likely to be a genuine biological pattern.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jablonski, David -- Roy, Kaustuv -- Valentine, James W -- Price, Rebecca M -- Anderson, Philip S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1133-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. d-jablonski@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Models, Biological ; *Mollusca/classification ; Time
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    Evolution 2003 meeting. Genetic deficiency blamed on bacteria (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Digestion ; Diploidy ; Female ; Haploidy ; Insects/*genetics/*microbiology ; Male ; Ovum/microbiology ; *Ploidies ; Sex Characteristics ; *Symbiosis ; Wolbachia/physiology
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    Comment on "A green algal apicoplast ancestor" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waller, Ross F -- Keeling, Patrick J -- van Dooren, Giel G -- McFadden, Geoffrey I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):49; author reply 49.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and, Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apicomplexa/enzymology/*genetics/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlorophyta/enzymology/*genetics ; Ciliophora/enzymology/genetics/ultrastructure ; Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry/*genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Plastids/*genetics ; Rhodophyta/enzymology/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ancient tripartite coevolution in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: The symbiosis between fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate for food has been shaped by 50 million years of coevolution. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this long coevolutionary history includes a third symbiont lineage: specialized microfungal parasites of the ants' fungus gardens. At ancient levels, the phylogenies of the three symbionts are perfectly congruent, revealing that the ant-microbe symbiosis is the product of tripartite coevolution between the farming ants, their cultivars, and the garden parasites. At recent phylogenetic levels, coevolution has been punctuated by occasional host-switching by the parasite, thus intensifying continuous coadaptation between symbionts in a tripartite arms race.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, Cameron R -- Wong, Bess -- Stuart, Alison E -- Schultz, Ted R -- Rehner, Stephen A -- Mueller, Ulrich G -- Sung, Gi-Ho -- Spatafora, Joseph W -- Straus, Neil A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):386-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. ccurrie@ku.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agaricales/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; Ants/microbiology/*physiology ; Ascomycota/physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Fungal/analysis/genetics ; Hypocreales/classification/growth & development/isolation & ; purification/*physiology ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Symbiosis
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    A new species of yunnanozoan with implications for deuterostome evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Yunnanozoans are a distinctive clade of Lower Cambrian metazoans. Although widely accepted as deuterostomes, their exact placement within this superphylum is controversial. Here we describe a new species of Haikouella (H. jianshanensis) from the Chengjiang Lagerstatte (Yunnan, China) with exceptional preservation of a number of features. These include external gills, which suggest that the origin of the pharyngeal clefts was independent of the gills. The diagnostic branchial arches of chordates may, therefore, be composite structures. No evidence was found for the chordate-like structures that have been described in other yunnanozoans. We propose that yunnanozoans are stem-group deuterostomes, allied to the vetulicolians.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shu, Degan -- Morris, Simon Conway -- Zhang, Z F -- Liu, J N -- Han, Jian -- Chen, Ling -- Zhang, X L -- Yasui, K -- Li, Yong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1380-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Early Life Institute and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China. elidgshu@nwu.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; China ; Chordata, Nonvertebrate/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; Digestive System/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Gills/anatomy & histology ; Mouth/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny
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    Evolution. Haploid superiority (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greig, Duncan -- Travisano, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):524-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Division ; Diploidy ; Genes, Fungal ; *Haploidy ; *Mutation ; Reproduction ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*physiology
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    Morphs, dispersal behavior, genetic similarity, and the evolution of cooperation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-06-21
    Description: Genetic similarity owing to kin relationship is often invoked to explain the evolution of social cooperation. In this study, male color morphs of side-blotched lizards settle nonrandomly with respect to genetic similarity. Blue morphs tend to settle in close proximity to other blue morphs with high genetic similarity. Blue neighbors have three times the average fitness of blue males lacking such neighbors. Conversely, genetically similar males depress fitness of the orange morph. Moreover, orange males are hyperdispersed with respect to genetic similarity. Pedigree and dispersal data show that genetically similar blue neighbors are not kin. Instead, conditions for the evolution of dispersal and cooperation are promoted by an emergent property of the morph locus that increases genetic similarity within morphs: genome-wide correlational selection links many traits to the morph locus, including settlement behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinervo, Barry -- Clobert, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 20;300(5627):1949-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, A316, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. sinervo@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12817150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Inbreeding ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lizards/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pigmentation ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: The complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis V583, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, revealed that more than a quarter of the genome consists of probable mobile or foreign DNA. One of the predicted mobile elements is a previously unknown vanB vancomycin-resistance conjugative transposon. Three plasmids were identified, including two pheromone-sensing conjugative plasmids, one encoding a previously undescribed pheromone inhibitor. The apparent propensity for the incorporation of mobile elements probably contributed to the rapid acquisition and dissemination of drug resistance in the enterococci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paulsen, I T -- Banerjei, L -- Myers, G S A -- Nelson, K E -- Seshadri, R -- Read, T D -- Fouts, D E -- Eisen, J A -- Gill, S R -- Heidelberg, J F -- Tettelin, H -- Dodson, R J -- Umayam, L -- Brinkac, L -- Beanan, M -- Daugherty, S -- DeBoy, R T -- Durkin, S -- Kolonay, J -- Madupu, R -- Nelson, W -- Vamathevan, J -- Tran, B -- Upton, J -- Hansen, T -- Shetty, J -- Khouri, H -- Utterback, T -- Radune, D -- Ketchum, K A -- Dougherty, B A -- Fraser, C M -- AI40963-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2071-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ipaulsen@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Conjugation, Genetic ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; *Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Lysogeny ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasmids ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vancomycin Resistance/*genetics ; Virulence/genetics ; Virulence Factors/genetics
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    Early allelic selection in maize as revealed by ancient DNA (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Maize was domesticated from teosinte, a wild grass, by approximately 6300 years ago in Mexico. After initial domestication, early farmers continued to select for advantageous morphological and biochemical traits in this important crop. However, the timing and sequence of character selection are, thus far, known only for morphological features discernible in corn cobs. We have analyzed three genes involved in the control of plant architecture, storage protein synthesis, and starch production from archaeological maize samples from Mexico and the southwestern United States. The results reveal that the alleles typical of contemporary maize were present in Mexican maize by 4400 years ago. However, as recently as 2000 years ago, allelic selection at one of the genes may not yet have been complete.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaenicke-Despres, Viviane -- Buckler, Ed S -- Smith, Bruce D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Cooper, Alan -- Doebley, John -- Paabo, Svante -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; DNA, Plant/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mexico ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Southwestern United States ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; Zea mays/*genetics
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    Evolution 2003 meeting. Garden flower evolves into weed (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):458-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Silene/*genetics/*growth & development ; United States
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    Parasitology. A game of cat and mouth (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkman, Sarah K -- Hartl, Daniel L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):353-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cat Diseases/parasitology/transmission ; Cats ; Female ; Food Parasitology ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mice ; Mouth ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Toxoplasma/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Toxoplasmosis/*parasitology/transmission ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*parasitology/transmission ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology/parasitology ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Evolution. Puzzling over the origin of species in the depths of the oldest lakes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, Erica -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):654-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Amphipoda/genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fishes/genetics ; *Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Siberia ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; Turbellaria/classification
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  • 87
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    Conservation biology. Rapid evolution can foil even the best-laid plans (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Plant Development ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Maturation
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  • 88
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    Adaptation in a plant-hummingbird association (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Sexual dimorphism in bill morphology and body size of the Caribbean purple-throated carib hummingbird is associated with a reversal in floral dimorphism of its Heliconia food plants. This hummingbird is the sole pollinator of H. caribaea and H. bihai, with flowers of the former corresponding to the short, straight bills of males, the larger sex, and flowers of the latter corresponding to the long, curved bills of females. On St. Lucia, H. bihai compensates for the rarity of H. caribaea by evolving a second color morph with flowers that match the bills of males, whereas on Dominica, H. caribaea evolves a second color morph with flowers that match the bills of females. The nectar rewards of all Heliconia morphs are consistent with each sex's choice of the morph that corresponds to its bill morphology and energy requirements, supporting the hypothesis that feeding preferences have driven their coadaptation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Temeles, Ethan J -- Kress, W John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):630-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. ejtemeles@amherst.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Body Constitution ; Dominica ; Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Flowers/anatomy & histology ; Heliconiaceae/*anatomy & histology ; Male ; Pigmentation ; Saint Lucia ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 89
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    Paleontology. Marsupial origins (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cifelli, Richard L -- Davis, Brian M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1899-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA. rlc@ou.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; *Fossils ; *Mammals/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Marsupialia/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    The tree of life: view from a twig (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biological Science Disciplines/education ; Classification ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Humans ; *Proteomics ; Species Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    HIV. Escape artist par excellence (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Capsid/metabolism ; Chemokines/chemistry ; HIV/genetics/*immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/*virology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Molecular Mimicry ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ; Receptors, HIV/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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  • 92
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    Meiotic drive. Bickering genes shape evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1837-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Genes ; Humans ; *Inheritance Patterns ; *Meiosis ; Prions/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 93
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    Origin of the superflock of cichlid fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: Lake Victoria harbors a unique species-rich flock of more than 500 endemic haplochromine cichlid fishes. The origin, age, and mechanism of diversification of this extraordinary radiation are still debated. Geological evidence suggests that the lake dried out completely about 14,700 years ago. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses of almost 300 DNA sequences of the mitochondrial control region of East African cichlids, we find that the Lake Victoria cichlid flock is derived from the geologically older Lake Kivu. We suggest that the two seeding lineages may have already been lake-adapted when they colonized Lake Victoria. A haplotype analysis further shows that the most recent desiccation of Lake Victoria did not lead to a complete extinction of its endemic cichlid fauna and that the major lineage diversification took place about 100,000 years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verheyen, Erik -- Salzburger, Walter -- Snoeks, Jos -- Meyer, Axel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):325-9. Epub 2003 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vertebrate Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cichlids/*genetics/physiology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tanzania ; Time
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  • 94
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    Evolutionary biology. Uphill dash may have led to flight (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):329.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12531990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Feathers/physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Fossils ; *Locomotion ; Movement ; Running ; Walking ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Evolutionary biology. On ant farm, a threesome coevolves (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12531986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/microbiology/*physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Fungal/analysis/genetics ; Fungi/*physiology ; Hypocreales/genetics/*physiology ; *Symbiosis
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  • 96
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    Stress-induced mutagenesis in bacteria (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: The evolutionary significance of stress-induced mutagenesis was evaluated by studying mutagenesis in aging colonies (MAC) of Escherichia coli natural isolates. A large fraction of isolates exhibited a strong MAC, and the high MAC variability reflected the diversity of selective pressures in ecological niches. MAC depends on starvation, oxygen, and RpoS and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulons; thus it may be a by-product of genetic strategies for improving survival under stress. MAC could also be selected through beneficial mutations that it generates, as shown by computer modeling and the patterns of stress-inducible and constitutive mutagenesis. We suggest that irrespective of the causes of their emergence, stress-induced mutations participate in adaptive evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjedov, Ivana -- Tenaillon, Olivier -- Gerard, Benedicte -- Souza, Valeria -- Denamur, Erick -- Radman, Miroslav -- Taddei, Francois -- Matic, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1404-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U571, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, Universite ParisV, 156 rue Vaugirard, 75730 ParisCedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Air Microbiology ; Alleles ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Escherichia coli/classification/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; Lac Operon ; Models, Biological ; *Mutagenesis ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Rec A Recombinases/metabolism ; Regulon ; SOS Response (Genetics) ; Selection, Genetic ; Sigma Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Water Microbiology
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  • 97
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    Ecological adaptation during incipient speciation revealed by precise gene replacement (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: To understand the role of adaptation in speciation, one must characterize the ecologically relevant phenotypic effects of naturally occurring alleles at loci potentially causing reproductive isolation. The desaturase2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster is such a locus. Two geographically differentiated ds2 alleles underlie a pheromonal difference between the Zimbabwe and Cosmopolitan races. We used a site-directed gene replacement technique to introduce an allele of ds2 from the Zimbabwe population into Cosmopolitan flies. We show that the Cosmopolitan allele confers resistance to cold as well as susceptibility to starvation when the entire genetic background is otherwise identical. We conclude that ecological adaptation likely accompanies sexual isolation between the two behavioral races of D. melanogaster.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenberg, Anthony J -- Moran, Jennifer R -- Coyne, Jerry A -- Wu, Chung-I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1754-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Africa ; Alkadienes/analysis ; Alkenes/analysis ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Caribbean Region ; Cold Temperature ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/*genetics/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Insect ; Genotype ; Male ; Phenotype ; Pheromones/physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Species Specificity ; Starvation ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
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  • 98
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    Evolution of virulence in a plant host-pathogen metapopulation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: In a wild plant-pathogen system, host resistance and pathogen virulence varied markedly among local populations. Broadly virulent pathogens occurred more frequently in highly resistant host populations, whereas avirulent pathogens dominated susceptible populations. Experimental inoculations indicated a negative trade-off between spore production and virulence. The nonrandom spatial distribution of pathogens, maintained through time despite high pathogen mobility, implies that selection favors virulent strains of Melampsora lini in resistant Linum marginale populations and avirulent strains in susceptible populations. These results are consistent with gene-for-gene models of host-pathogen coevolution that require trade-offs to prevent pathogen virulence increasing until host resistance becomes selectively neutral.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thrall, Peter H -- Burdon, Jeremy J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1735-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Plant Industry, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, General Post Office Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Peter.Thrall@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basidiomycota/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Flax/genetics/*microbiology/physiology ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Variation ; Models, Genetic ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Spores, Fungal ; Virulence/*genetics
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  • 99
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    Comment on "A new species of yunnanozoan with implications for deuterostome evolution" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mallatt, Jon -- Chen, Junyuan -- Holland, Nicholas D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1372; author reply 1372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA. jmallatt@mail.wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; China ; Chordata, Nonvertebrate/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; *Fossils ; Gills/anatomy & histology ; Mouth/anatomy & histology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Notochord/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny
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  • 100
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    Agriculture. Prehistoric GM corn (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fedoroff, Nina V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Huck Institute for Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. nvf1@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Genes, Plant ; Mexico ; *Mutation ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Southwestern United States ; Time Factors ; Zea mays/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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