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  • Articles  (122)
  • 42.55  (49)
  • 42.80  (43)
  • Coleoptera  (38)
  • Springer  (122)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Wiley
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (122)
  • 1982  (72)
  • 1981  (50)
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  • Articles  (122)
Source
Keywords
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  • Springer  (122)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Wiley
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (122)
Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecdysteroids during pupal development of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300880
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stepwise photoionization of complex organic molecules in the gas phase induced by UV laser radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured the photoionization cross-sections of anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene,p-terphenyl, and 2,5-diphenylfuran molecules excited to the singlet and triplet electronic states intermediate in the stepwise two-photon ionization process at 266 nm (all compounds) and at 355, 391 and 417 nm (anthracene).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697297
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.80 ; 33 ; 82 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697859
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of laser-output noise of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated noise and fluctuations of the output power of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers in positive column plasma. Direct coupling of laser output power noise and fluctuations of the local population inversion was found. An investigation of the positive column plasma showed moving striations being responsible for the gain fluctuations. Whereas the local plasma properties are dominated by high frequency striations in the 100 kHz range, integrated quantities such as laser gain per pass are most strongly influenced by low-frequency waves with a continuous noise spectrum below 200 kHz. External modulation of the discharge voltage or current at a frequency near thehf striations reduces laser noise and increases laser output power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686369
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bragg diffraction of gaussian beams by thick gratings: Numerical evaluations by plane-wave decomposition (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory is investigated for the case of Bragg diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a thick unslanted phase grating in transmission mode. Fourier plane wave decomposition theory, as presented in a companion article, is used to test 2-D coupled-wave theory under circumstances when its validity is in question, namely when the incident distribution is very narrow or fast-varying, or when the parameterv o, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large. Numerical evaluations of the field patterns at output from the grating, obtained using plane-wave decomposition, are used to explore the effect of the gradual violation of the conditions (from the previous article) under which 2-D coupled-wave theory is valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686370
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime, photostability, and chemical structure of IR heptamethine cyanine dyes absorbing beyond 1 μm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical absorption,S 1 lifetime, and photostability are investigated for a series of heptamethine ir dyes and related to chemical structure. The high photostability of several dyes and the large range ofS 1 lifetimes make these dyes very interesting for ir dye lasers and for ir mode-locked laser systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694363
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong far-infrared laser action in carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 13-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 μm≦λ≦538 μm were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 μm band of a cw CO2 laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 μm≦λ≦783 μm were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694362
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal analysis of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser by four-wave mixing (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689185
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A magnetically stabilized coaxial laser discharge (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 52.80 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692441
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long wavelength operation of a CW CO-laser up to 8.18 μm (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A liquid nitrogen cooled cw CO-Laser is described, with which laser action up to 8.18 μm (v=36→35) has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702691
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thick-grating non-divergent focussing device: 2-D analysis (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.82 ; 42.10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The two-dimensional analysis of a recently reported thick grating Bragg diffraction focussing device is carried out using Solymar's coupled-wave approach. It is shown that the device is capable of operating as a non-divergent lens with beam contraction ratios of better than 100:1, and conversion efficiencies of nearly 100%. It is also shown that it can operate as a novel kind of Fourier spectrum analyser, the focussed diffracted intensity being proportional (as a function of Bragg condition violation) to the modulus squared of the Fourier transform of the incident finite beam. The focussing properties are studied as functions of incident beam profile, width and position, grating strength and Bragg condition violation. Poynting vector optics is used successfully to predict (in conjunction with the dispersion surfaces of x-ray dynamical theory) the off-Bragg behaviour in the focal plane. It is likely that the device could be used as avariable ratio beam contractor in integrated optics, where the grating strength could be controlled (interdigital electrode system) electrooptically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284908
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design criteria and operating characteristics of a single-mode pulsed dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have designed and tested a pulsed single-mode dye laser for spectroscopy experiments. The dye laser is pumped by a 6 kHz copper vapor laser to produce up to 230 mW average power at over 5% efficiency in a nearly diffraction limited beam. The dye laser pulse closely resembles the 30 ns pump pulse. Using an electronic servo loop, the 60 MHz wide line can be scanned, without mode hopping, through the 16 GHz permitted by the travel on the piezo driven mirror mount.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284915
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697840
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.65 ; 68 ; 36.40 ; 78 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697849
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guided waves and IR lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 85.60 ; 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697857
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-polarization modifications in a multipass cavity (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyses the slight change undergone by the polarization of a laser beam performing a multipass between two spherical mirrors facing each other. We replace the general 16-parameter Mueller formalism by an approximate 7-parameter one, and we give a quantitative experimental criterion for the validity of this approximation. Then we apply this formalism to the analysis of our experimental data. The results evidence:i) intrinsic birefringence in the mirror coatings (typical value per reflexion ∼2 to 4×10−4 rad);ii) birefringence due to off-normal incidence (typically 3.6×10−5 rad per reflexion for an incidence of 2×10−2 rad);iii) optical rotation, of purely geometrical origin (typically 14° for a multipass with revolution symmetry and 100 forward-backward passes under constant incidencei=2°);iv) no observable circular dichroism (≲10−6). Finally these results are discussed in connection with possible associated systematics in a parity violation experiment which motivated this work.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694368
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688657
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New lasers and laser schemes (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688654
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent transient phenomena (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 34 ; 36 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688662
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the synchronously pumped picosecond dye laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697293
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The He/Cl2 laser at 258 nm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 34 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lasing from e-beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures at 258 nm was investigated in a longitudinal pumping geometry. Time dependence, output powers and energies as well as the spectral composition of the laser pulses were determined for different experimental conditions. Optical gain was observed for eight transitions around 258 nm. The fine structure results from isotopic splitting and contributions from different vibrational states. No bottle-necking occurs. However, saturation and absorption by excited states limited the total output power to 6MW and the output energies to 200 mJ. A simple kinetic model is proposed that reproduces the larger number of experimental data quite sufficiently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697296
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A one joule, XeCl pumped dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 31-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702683
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant pumping far-infrared NH3 laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared (FIR) NH3 laser was resonantly pumped with a line-tunable infrared (IR) NH3 laser. The number of the observed FIR laser lines amounted to 33. Most of them belonged toaR(J,K) rotation-inversion transition in (0, 1, 0, 0) vibrational state. The line tunability of sealed-off FIR NH3 laser was almost achieved in 90, 115, 150, and 220 μm wavelength regions by the selective line tuning of the pumping IR NH3 laser.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702684
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub-Doppler excited molecule energy transfer spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.80 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sub-Doppler spectroscopic technique involving the detection of vibrational energy transfer in excited molecules with selected velocity components at a microphone diaphragm is demonstrated. The technique is applied to the investigation of thev 3 R(16) transition in HCN and the results compared with a previously derived theoretical model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694641
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    F-center-laser. Superconductivity (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 68 ; 42.70 ; 42.60 ; 61.70 ; 61.50 ; 42.80 ; 29
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697860
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of blazed holographic gratings (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 349-353 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.82
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various methods for the recording of blazed holographic diffraction gratings are presented and the regions in the wavelength-groove density plane for which they can be used are shown. The gratings are made in the positive photoresist Shipley AZ-1350. The diffraction efficiency for s and p polarization was measured as a function of wavelength and angle of incidence. An absolute efficiency of 80% was achieved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686365
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Ultra-violet excited laser emission in Na2 (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 195-200 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser emission at different wavelengths in the range of 903–914 nm and around 2.5 μm has been observed upon excitation of Na2 by uv radiation from an excimer laser at 351 nm and an excimer pumped dye laser in this wavelength range. The emission is attributed to a cascade emission $$C^1 \Pi _u \to 2^1 \sum _g^ + $$ followed by $$2^1 \sum _g^ + \to A^1 \sum _u^ + $$ . In addition, coupled with the laser emission around 910 nm, broad-band fluorescence peaking around 855.5 nm is observed which, eventually, may be the first observation of the $$b^3 \sum _g^ + \to x^3 \sum _u^ + $$ bound-free transition in Na2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688667
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  • 28
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    Theory of passively mode-locked cw dye lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697557
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  • 29
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    On the theory of electron motion due to superposed em waves and its application to the free-electron laser with linear polarization (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relativistic motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field depending only on one coordinate is shown to be exactly equivalent to the unidimensional motion of a particle having a time and space-varying mass. By means of the averaged Lagrangian method an approximate solution is obtained for the relativistic electron motion in two oppositely moving waves of any polarization, one of them being weaker than the other one, thus generalizing the results previously obtained for circular polarization. A comparison with numerical calculations shows a good agreement. A pendulum-like motion in an effective periodic potential is shown to exist not only for two waves of the same frequency, but more generally when the frequency of the weaker wave is an odd harmonic of the frequency of the stronger one.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693886
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  • 30
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    Apparent transfer function for partially coherent optical information processing (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 359-366 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the general formulations of the apparent transfer function for the partially coherent optical processor will be derived. Although these formulas show that the apparent transfer function is dependent upon the degree of spatial and temporal coherence, there is actually more variability in the spatial coherence. We note that the obtained formulas may also be used as a criterion in the selection of source size and spectral bandwidth of an incoherent light source. Thus a specific optical information processing operation can be carried out with an incoherent source.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686367
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    Development of an optical time scale (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 63-65 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract A time standard based on the use of an optical oscillation period of a frequencystable He−Ne laser as a time scale is first described. We obtained highly frequency-stable oscillations in the SHF range that were locked to the oscillations of a He−Ne laser stabilized to an absorption resonance in methane at 3.39 μm. A direct comparison of frequency stabilities of a rubidium standard and He−Ne/CH4 laser has been made. The absolute measurement of the frequency of the He−Ne/CH4 laser we performed gave a new value of frequency.
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    Energy transfer processes in two different bifluorophoric laser dyes (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 73-77 
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    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of intramolecular energy transfer in two bifluorophoric laser dyes has been investigated by measurements of laser parameters, excited state absorption and phosphorescence spectra. The new value found for the dimethyl-POPOP triplet energy (48.0 kcal/mole) accounts for the different behaviour of the two classes of bifluorophoric dyes used in this investigation.
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    Novel quantum-electronics phenomena and devices (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 152-156 
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    Dynamical nonlinear optics and bistability (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 169-175 
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    Ethylene monitoring by differential absorption with a CO2 waveguide laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 227-233 
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    Keywords: 86 ; 70L ; 07.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we report on a differential absorption technique using a CO2 waveguide laser. The method is based on the measurement of the differential absorption between two different frequencies of the same selected CO2 laser line. The sensitivity of the technique depends strongly on the total pressure and has been estimated to be about a few tens of ppb or better over a 1 km path length in C2H4 diluted with air to a total pressure of a few tens of torrs. Its relative simplicity and high sensitivity at low total pressure enable this technique to be applied to gas detection either at high altitude or to local monitoring of a low pressure sample.
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    Harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers —two-tone modulation (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 279-285 
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    Notes: Abstract The minimum absorption detectable by a tunable diode laser spectrometer utilising harmonic techniques is often limited by interference fringes generated by scattered light. The sensitivity of the spectrometer to absorption can be increased by applying a jitter modulation. In this paper, the theory of harmonic response for single- and two-tone modulation over optical fringes and Lorentzian absorption lines is developed and compared to experimental measurements. A simple analytic expression for the two-tone harmonic line shape is derived. This expression provides a physical understanding of the effects of the second modulation, and a means to unravel the effects of the second modulation on the linewidth and line shape. For a specific choice of the jitter frequency and phase, it is possible to simultaneously minimise the fringe signal and increase the harmonic absorption signal. The results of this investigation are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic techniques are used.
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    Optimization of the UV CuII laser (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 49-56 
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    Notes: Abstract The cw output power of the uv CuII laser has been optimized with respect to the hollow cathode geometry, the discharge current, the fill gas pressure and the resonator mirror parameters. A maximum laser output power of 900 mW for multiline operation at 248.6, 259.1, 260.0, and 270.3 nm was achieved with 100 A discharge current, 260 V voltage and 16 mbar fillgas pressure, when a hollow cathode of 1.2 m length and 2×6 mm2 cross section was employed. The single-pass pain gl has been estimated to 7%. A hollow cathode cross section of 1.5×4.5 mm2 is suggested as an optimum geometry. In addition, some investigations on the mechanism of the laser power decay in Ne−Cu-discharges are presented.
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    Single picosecond-pulse generation in a mode-locked oscillator and regenerative amplifier system (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 239-242 
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    Notes: Abstract A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.
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    Low threshold optical bistability with optical pumping (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 79-87 
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    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract By use of circularly polarized light we have exploited optical pumping within the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state to obtain optical bistability in sodium vapours with low threshold power (around 1 mW) and a wide tuning range (〉12 GHz). Experimental results are presented for different conditions of operation and compared to computer calculations, that include propagation effects and inhomogeneous broadening, based on a three-level atomic model that accounts for optical pumping.
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    Electron dynamics in free electron laser resonator modes (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 101-109 
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    Notes: Abstract We study the electron phase-space evolution and gain in free electron lasers whose short-wavelength radiation has Gaussian spherial wavefronts. Several free electron laser designs are considered: the undulator, the tapered wavelength undulator, and the optical klystron. We find that the gain spectrum is no longer proportional to the slope of the forward spontaneous emission spectrum, and we determine the design of the Gaussian mode which maximizes the energy extraction from the electron beam.
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    The analysis of excite and probe measurements of relaxation times with fluctuating pulse duration (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 135-138 
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    Keywords: 06 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract The effect of fluctuations in the pulse duration of synchronously pumped modelocked pulse trains on excite and probe measurements is discussed. Relaxation times comparable with the pulse durations can be measured even when large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in duration exist. The pump and probe pulse durations are assumed to be correlated. When the probe pulses are the second harmonic of the pump, or vice versa, the third harmonic must also be generated to permit deconvolution of experimental excite and probe data. When the pump and probe pulses have the same time dependence, the excite and probe curves consist of the desired response function convolved with the time-averaged second harmonic autocorrelation function which is easily measured. Deconvolution yields the relaxation time but fluctuations in pulse duration increase the root-mean-square voltage fluctuation at the output of the detector system and limit the accuracy with which the relaxation time can be calculated.
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    Surface spectroscopy (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 182-185 
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    Keywords: 36 ; 42.80 ; 52
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    Theory of passive mode-locking of CW dye lasers with contacted and non-contacted absorbers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 197-202 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical treatment of the influence of a saturable absorber in close contact with a highly reflecting mirror on a light pulse is given. The shaping of a Gaussian pulse during a single passage through such an absorber is calculated for various absorber lengths. The influence of absorber position and length on the pulse parameters and the stability of a continuously pumped dye laser are investigated. The shortest pulses and the most favourable operation conditions of the laser are to be expected in the case of a short contacted saturable absorber.
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    Influence of fluctuating pulse durations on the time resolution of probing experiments (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 213-216 
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    Notes: Abstract Fluctuating pulse durations considerably influence the time resolution of probing experiments. The commonly used arithmetic averaging the experimental data changes the shape of the signal curves and gives longer decay times in the wings. Methods are presented to reduce the effect of fluctuating pulse durations.
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    Waveguide CW 118.6 μm H2O laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
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    Picosecond pulse transmission in germanium of various thicknesses (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 201-205 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.55 ; 78.20
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    Notes: Abstract The transmission of ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked Nd: glass laser in germanium of various thicknesses (3 to 8 μm) has been measured as a function of incident irradiance. Transmission is seen to increase with irradiance level in all samples. The degree of enhancement is greater for the thcker samples. At high excitation levels, thinner samples show a peaking of transmission, which does not occur in a thick sample. Taking the sample as composed of thin elements, the parameters characterizing the photoexcited electron-hole plasma have been found by assuming homogeneous excitation within each element. Theoretical curves thus obtained give good quantitative account of the experimental results. Peaking of transmission is seen to due to a balance between absorption enhancement in the front portion of the sample and absorption reduction in the back.
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    Three-dimensional surface measurement using the confocal scanning microscope (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 211-213 
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    Notes: Abstract The use of the depth discriminination property of the confocal scanning microscope for surface profiling has been adapted to provide a method of high-resolution three-dimensional surface profilometry. Measurements on a semiconductor specimen demonstrate the technique; depth variations of the order of 0.1 μm are clearly resolved.
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    Optically pumped14NH3 laser and its stark tuning at 10.78 μm (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 55-62 
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    Notes: Abstract Infrared (ir) emissions from a TEA-CO2-laser-pumped NH3 laser are reported. Superfluorescent emissions and selective single-line oscillations have been obtained in the range from 11 to 13 μm. The results make possible the design of a NH3 Stark cell allowing a 1 GHz shift of the 10.78 μm NH3 emission line.
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    Michelson mode selectors and spatial hole burning in single-mode cw dye lasers (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 133-140 
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    Notes: Abstract Single-mode selection with Michelson selectors in cw standing-wave dye lasers is analyzed. The application of single and double Michelson mode selectors for compensation of spatial hole burning effects is described in detail. Upper limits for the pumping are considered. It is shown that with spatial hole burning compensation, even the single Michelson selector provides sufficient selectivity for high power single-mode operation in linear cavities.
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    Second-harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers — Comparison of experiment and theory (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 203-210 
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    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments are carried out by current modulating a tunable diode laser, and slowly ramping the wavelength to scan weak absorption lines in gases at pressures ranging from 2 to 60 Torr. A lock-in amplifier detects the second harmonic (2f) of the modulation frequency, and the experimental 2f signals are compared with theory. Detailed measurements are made on Lorentzian, Voigt, and Gaussian line profiles, over a wide range of modulation amplitudes. Excellent agreement between experiment and calculation is obtained in all cases. This quantitative understanding enables one to derive true lineshapes and linewidths of very weak absorption lines from measurements of 2f lineshapes only. Results are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic detection techniques are routinely employed to monitor weak signals.
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    Observation and assignment of submillimetre laser lines from CH3OH pumped by isotopic CO2 lasers (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 19-25 
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    Notes: Abstract New laser lines have been generated using methanol when isotopically labelled CO2 is used in the pump laser. 19 lines have been found when13C16O2 is used and 29 when12C18O2 is used. The wavelengths of the emission lines have been measured with a relative accuracy of 5×10−3 using the submillimetre resonator as a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, and the polarizations of the lines have also been measured. Some of the laser lines have been assigned to pure rotational transitions in the excited state associated with the CO stretching mode, other lines are believed to originate from pumping in combination bands.
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    Source encoding for partially coherent optical processing (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 99-104 
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    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract A relation between spatial coherence function and source encoding intensity transmittance function is presented. Since the spatial coherence is depending upon the information processing operation, a strictly broad spatial coherence function may not be required for the processing. The advantage of the source encoding is to relax the constraints of strict coherence requirement, so that the processing operation can be carried out with an extended incoherent source. Emphasis of the source encodings and experimental demonstrations are given. The constraint of temperal coherence requirement is also discussed.
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    A new method of measuring ultra-short coherent light pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 177-181 
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    Notes: Abstract A new method of pulse width measurement based on the total energy response of an etalon is presented. The theory is developed and results for several pulse shapes are given. The method is unique because no fast response detector is required and there are practically no spectral region limitations.
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    Bragg diffraction of finite beams by thick gratings: Two rival theories (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 63-72 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract Two rival techniques used in the analysis of Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional light beams by thick unslanted phase gratings, namely Fourier plane wave decomposition and 2-D coupled-wave theory, are compared. The advantages and regions of applicability of each are discussed, and the conditions found under which they yield identical results. In particular, the results of plane-wave decomposition are used to provide quantitative conditions for validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory. These conditions are not easily derived using any other technique, and set quantitative limits to how narrow or fast-varying the incident distribution may be before 2-D coupled-wave theory fails. It is also shown that 2-D coupled-wave theory is inadequate when the parameterv 0, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large.
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    Applications of ps-pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 246-254 
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    Theory II (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 255-261 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 36.20 ; 36.10 ; 02 ; 36 ; 42.80
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    Coherent transient phenomena (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 274-282 
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    Keywords: 42.80 ; 33 ; 36 ; 36.10 ; 14 ; 32
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    Thick grating focussing-device-design using poynting-vector-optics (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 37-42 
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    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.82 ; 42.10
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    Notes: Abstract Novel thick grating focussing and de-focussing devices are described which employ uniform phase gratings with special boundary shapes. The analysis used is based upon an eigenmodal approach to Kogelnik's coupled-wave equations, akin to the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction. The relationship between the direction of phase progression of the coupled-waves at Bragg incidence, and the direction of the Poynting vector is carefully delineated. As a consequence, a new technique-Poynting Vector Optics — is suggested as potentially an important means of designing thick gratings to fulfil certain beam processing roles, especially in integrated optics applications. The two-dimensional coupled-wave equations are briefly employed to illustrate the effectiveness of a particular focussing device.
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    A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a He−Ne laser (1981)
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 193-195 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a low power He−Ne laser has been described and used. With a proper resonator length very weak sideband modes on each side of the strong mode produce a feedback signal to a piezoelectric pusher which controls the resonator length. The long-term frequency stability was estimated to be about ±10 MHz.
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    On a free-electron-laser in a uniform magnetic field. A solution for arbitrarily strong electromagnetic radiation fields (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 15-18 
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    Keywords: 41 ; 42.55 ; 95
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    Notes: Abstract Exact expressions are derived for the gain of a free-electron laser based on a uniform longitudinal magnetic field configuration operating in the single-particle, low-gain regime. The gain is calculated for different parameters of the system. For strong enough a field, the gain decreases with an increase of the amplitude, becoming negative when passing a threshold value, which depends on the system parameters. Implications regarding the saturation of the lasing process are discussed.
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    New lasers II (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 233-239 
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    Laser fusion (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 269-273 
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    Simultaneous operation at two different wavelengths of an PrLaP5O14 laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 13-20 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous laser operation at the wavelengths of λ1=637 and λ2=717 in Pr0.5La0.5P5O14 single crystals was observed. The crystals were excited by nanosecond publses from a Coumarin 2 dye laser (λ=450 nm). Laser emissions and their interdependence were studied both in crystals without an external resonator and in crystals placed within a plane parallel resonator. The energetic, time and frequency characteristics for both laser actions were examined. The effect of bifrequential emission was also found in crystals of different ratios of Pr and La ions concentration and in pure praseodymium pentaphosphate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900390
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    Fundamental absorption edge of evaporated amorphous WO3 films (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 55-59 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 42.80 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fundamental absorption edge of evaporated WO3 films is investigated. The optical gap of the virgin film is estimated to be 3.41 eV at room temperature and it decreases with increase of annealing temperature up to 200°C. Annealing at 300°C leads to change in the spectral shape, which is caused by crystallization. For the films annealed at 200°C, temperature coefficient of the optical gap is estimated to be −2×10−4 eV/K and the slope of Urbach's tail is found to be independent of measuring temperature up to 200°C. With electrolytic coloration, shift of the optical gap toward higher energy is observed. Magnitude of this shift is estimated to be 0.05 eV at the color center concentration of 7.5×1021 cm−3 when H+ electrolyte is used. If Li+ electrolyte is used, the magnitude of this shift is about three times larger than in the case of H+ electrolyte. This fact is interpreted by a small change in the host matrix structure owing to the injection of proton or Li+ during coloration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900398
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    Free-running ruby laser annealing of boron implanted silicon (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 243-246 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80 ; 42.80 ; 85.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical treatment of the thermal phenomena during free-running ruby laser annealing of boron implanted silicon is presented. The heat equation was solved for a simplified shape of the pulse train consisting of a uniform succession of triangular spikes, identical in energy. During one spike the optical and thermal parameters of the sample were taken constant, but for each new spike, new values of these parameters were calculated taking into account their temperature dependence. Such a model predicts the melting of the top surface before the laser pulse has ended, for energy densities higher than 9×104 J/m2. RHEED confirms the presence of recristallization at about the same value of the laser-pulse energy densities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617845
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    The dielectric constant of PbTe at 4.2 K and $$\tilde v$$ =84.15 cm-1, 96.97cm−1, 103.60cm−1 (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-233 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 77 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric constant of a PbTe epitaxial layer has been measured by surface wave spectroscopy using an optically pumped far-infrared laser and the technique of attenuated total reflection.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618699
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    Full-automatic broad-band wavelength control of a pulsed dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 331-340 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 06.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A full-automatic wavelength controled pulsed dye laser has been developed. With the control system, dye laser oscillations of nanosecond pulses are tuned to any wavelength in the visible or scanned in any sweep mode keeping the nearly transform-limited bandwidth of 0.45 GHz. A mechanical tuning of the wavelength is employed, such that the motion of three wavelength selectors is synchronized to give a smooth and precise wavelength control. The basic principle underlying the tuning scheme, various requirements to be met in system construction, and the practical performance of automatic wavelength control are described in this paper.
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    Infrared laser emission in two-photon pumped sodium vapour (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 33-38 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report infrared laser emission in the region of 3 to 5 μm from sodium vapour optically pumped by a pulsed dye laser with wavelengths ranging from 585 to 610nm. Twophoton excitation processes are believed to be responsible for the primary excitation. Both molecular transitions (4 to 5 μm) between high lying states, and atomic transitions (52 S 1/2−42 P 3/2,1/2 at 3.41 μm) have been identified.
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    On the homogeneization of transverse gas discharges by preionization (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 267-272 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed data of the minimum preionization electron density (MPED)n 0 necessary to initiate a homogeneous discharge mode in transverse gas discharges are computed. An upper limit for the inductance of the discharge circuit is set by the power balance during breakdown. The results are presented as functions of generalized parameters. Applicability of the computations is proved by experimental observations.
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    Theoretical and experimental investigations of a passively mode-locked Nd: Glass laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 341-348 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The presented theoretical model for a mode-locked Nd-glass laser simultaneously takes into account dynamics of the mode-locking dye, amplification saturation and radiation background. A systematic variation of laser parameters gives insight into the pulse formation process and allows to improve the laser design. The calculations show that it should be possible to decrease considerably the duration of light pulses of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser. Using a new mode-locking dye with a switching time of τ=2.7×10−12 s we obtained stable laser operation and a pulse duration of 1.7×10−12s.
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    Measurement of atomic parameters for the3 D 1 state of I–II (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 31-34 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay rates of the3 D 1 level of I–II and the 3s 2 level of neon have been measured by the magnetic-field power dip method. The decay rate at the zero-pressure limit is found to be 7.1 MHz/2π for the3 D 1 level. The collision cross-section for excited I ions with helium atoms equals 0.19×10−15 cm2.
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    Solvent dependent characteristics of XeCl pumped UV dye lasers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 17-22 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of near uv dye lasers pumped with short duration, 308 nm pulses from a XeCl laser are described with particular emphasis on the parameters influencing high average power operation. The solvent is shown to effect the operation of all dye lasers studied, particularly the photochemical stability. Measurements of the efficiency, as a function of the integrated pump energy have been made for a series of dye-solvent combinations. With the best combinations, average output powers in excess of 1W and conversion efficiencies greater than 25% were obtained at a repetition rate of ∼100 Hz.
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    A hollow cathode carbon atom laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 273-274 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Near-infrared laser action of atomic carbon was obtained using a hollow cathode discharge tube. Besides the known 1.4543 μm and 1.0691 μm laser lines, cw laser operation at 1.0683 μm, 0.9658 μm, and 0.9406 μm wavelength was observed for the first time. The source of carbon was due to dissociation of CO, CO2 or CH4 added to the He buffer gas.
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    High precision wavelength meter with Fabry-Perot optics (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 311-316 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.40 ; 07.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high precision wavelength meter in the visible is described, which is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer with several etalons of different resolution. The interference fringe pattern projected on a photo-diode array detector is computationally processed to give a stepwise refinement of the wavelength value to any adjusted accuracy. The present model intends to provide digital and real-time values of high precision wavelength for dye-laser spectroscopy, and to serve as a monitor or as a pilot for wavelength control of a dye-laser source of nanosecond pulses. The model is, therefore, designed with particular emphasis on its short-pulse capability and on-line mode of operation as well as on its high sensitivity and resolution. Some arrangements of essential necessity are involved therein, such as to avoid an errorneous wavelength readout for a noisy incidence of pulsed field. The ultimate accuracy of wavelength measurement is prescribed by the resolving power of the thickest etalon employed. As applied to the pulsed source, the model determines the wavelength to the accuracy of ±one part in 107 for even a single shot nanosecond incidence of a fraction of μJ energy. The design and performance are described in connection to pulsed dye-laser incidence.
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    A linac-pumped excimer laser: Fluorescence and scaling studies (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 329-336 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work was an experimental investigation of a potential large-scale excimer laser system, in which a high-pressure KrF gas mix was pumped by the 4-MeV electron beam from an available linear accelerator. As a function of the mix and the pressure, fluorescence from KrF* and/or Kr2F* were produced with good efficiency. Comparing measured data with a kinetic model, it was found that the kinetics followed the “normal” patterns seen in low-energy electron pumping. The data fitting process also resulted in a new value for the three-body quenching rate constant for reactions involving Ar. A critical factor in the development of this laser will be an improvement in beam control over that afforded by a simple solenoidal magnet. The conditions necessary for lasing are predicted; no inherent limitations on scaling of the device were found.
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    Bistability of a CO2 laser with SF6 intracavity as an absorber: Transient effects (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 45-48 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 64
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated time-dependent effects related to the bistable operation of a CO2 laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorber (SF6). The response of the system to small perturbations was sensitively dependent on the operating laser line [P(12)→P(30)] of the 10.6 μm band. The narrow bistable region forP(12), due to a very narrow hysteresis loop, can be effectively utilized for optical switching, because of its pronounced sensitivity to variations in operational parameters. The maximum admissable beam blocking time (intracavity) for spontaneous return to lasing was measured forP(16), for a range of absorber pressures. This τm is related to the relaxation time of the upper level in the absorber.
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    Formation of holographic diffraction gratings in photoresist (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 143-149 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.82
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The exposure-development process for the fabrication of holographic diffraction gratings for integrated optics in the positive photoresist Shipley AZ-1350 is theoretically and experimentally investigated. An analysis of the light intensity distribution is carried out, taking into account the reflectivity at the photoresist-substrate interface and the attenuation in the photoresist for two holographic exposure arrangements. The influence of the exposure energy, the development time for a fixed concentration of the developer and the initial photoresist thickness are described. Various grating profiles are calculated for photoresist films, coated on matched and reflective substrates. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate very good agreement between the actual and calculated gratings profiles.
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    Photoconducting tellurium for submillimeterwave detectors (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 35-38 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 72.40 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Undoped tellurium single crystals show at low temperatures (2.2 K) strong photoeffect under submillimeter irradiation. Therefore, tellurium was used as a FIR-detector. For a comparison with other detectors signal-to-noise ratio, response time, and noise equivalent power were determined. Tests were carried out with HCN-laser radiation (λ = 337 μm,≈ν = 30 cm- t). The sensitivity of the Tc-photoconductor is comparable to that of a TGS-bolometer but lower than that of a Ge-bolometer. The Te-detector is much faster than the bolometers.
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    Radiocarbon dating by infrared laser spectroscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 381-386 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A tunable diode laser and a multipass optical cell are used to investigate the feasibility of performing radiocarbon dating by means of infrared spectroscopy. We show that the detection of14CO2 at concentrations of14C/12C≲10−12 is not limited by interferences from the background of normal CO2 molecules, provided the gas sample is cooled. Using short-time constants, the present sensitivity of the infrared technique is comparable to that of an ideal disintegration counter. The experimental results are extrapolated to long time constants to demonstrate that radiocarbon dating by infrared spectroscopy is feasible, and that carbon samples with a mass of less than 1 gm can be dated by this technique.
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    Two-wavelength dye-laser operation using a reflecting Fizeau interferometer (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 7-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Newly found reflection properties of the Fizeau wedge interferometer are shown to be of particular advantage in obtaining efficient multi-wavelength operation of dye lasers. Use is made of the fact that the reflecting Fizeau wedge can ensure at once a selective feedback for a given wavelength and quasi-total reflection in an other direction for all other wavelengths. Fully independent tuning of two 0.02 nm lines is obtained with short pulse (2 ns) N2-laser pumping using a single Fizeau wedge.
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    Laser amplification in an optical fiber by evanescent field coupling (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 201-203 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.80 ; 42.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A laser signal propagating in an optical fiber is amplified by the evanescent field interacting with the excited Rhodamine 6 G solution surrounding the fiber. A small signal gain of 430 at 600 nm has been measured in a long fiber with a 2 cm long fiber optic amplifier.
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    Pulse properties of a synchronously mode-locked, cavity dumped, picosecond dye laser system (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 233-238 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A synchronously mode-locked, cavity-dumped picosecond dye laser is described. The structure and intensity of the picosecond pulses measured under different conditions are reported. It was found that the structure of the pulses from the synchronously pumped dye laser depends critically on the length of the Ar+ laser pulses. At the shortest Ar+ laser pulses of about 70 ps the dye pulses are as short as 1.1 ps. With Ar+ laser pulses of 200 ps the dye laser pulses contains a broad satellite pulse which contains a large fraction of the total intensity. When a cavity dumper is added to the system one gets dye laser pulses 15–20 ps long with a substructure, which indicates incomplete mode-locking. Well mode-locked 1.5–2.0 ps pulses were obtained in the red part of the dye laser action spectrum, i.e. 620–650 nm for R6G, 595–608 nm for R 110 and 657–662 nm for RB, respectively. Addition of mode-locking dyes also improved the pulse quality at some wavelengths.
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    Optical method for measuring the coupling constant of surface acoustic waves (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 95-97 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 62
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coupling constant of common or thin-layered-piezoelectric interdigital transducers for surface acoustic waves up to the highest frequencies can be determined in an optical way with reproducibility better than 3%. Being a nondestructive and noncontact method one can apply it in the technological process for fabricating uniform piezoelectric layered transducers.
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    Space-time resolved reflectivity measurements of picosecond laser-pulse induced phase transitions in (111) silicon surface layers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20 ; 81 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The changes in reflectivity of a silicon surface, irradiated by a green picosecond pulse, are probed during and following that pulse with a spatial resolution of 10 μm. The data indicate the development of a liquid phase, and a resolidification either into a single crystal or an amorphous phase. The latter has a characteristic ring-type pattern, and occurs only at locations where the incident picosecond laser fluence lies between 0.2 and 0.26 J/cm2. The reflectivity data appear to be in good quantitative agreement with a “simple heating” model, in which the electrons and phonons maintain a local thermodynamic equilibrium on a picosecond time scale.
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    Radiation sensitivity of thick core all-glass fibers in reactor radiation fields (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 45-51 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.80 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Radiation induced losses and the recovery behavior of several optical fibers have been determined by in situ steady state and by pulse measurements in a nuclear reactor. Agreement with the literature was found for Suprasil and Fibropsil core fibers in ionizing radiation, but our results on Suprasil-W core fibers show an appreciably higher radiation hardness of this material than reported elsewhere. Additionally, increased long term losses were observed, when the mixed radiation flux contained a noticeable content of neutrons.
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    Insect feeding and oviposition deterrents from western red cedar foliage (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 39-48 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect feeding deterrents ; antifeedants ; Pissodes strobi Peck ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Thuja plicata Donn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding deterrent activity of fractions from the foliage of western red cedar,Thujaplicata Donn, was studied in laboratory bioassays using the white pine weevil,Pissodes strobi Peck, as a test insect. The most active fraction was the volatile mixture that comprises the leaf oil of this tree species. Further fractionation of the leaf oil indicated feeding deterrent activity in the monoterpene hydrocarbon, thujone, and terpene alcohol fractions. When tested alone, both (−)-3-isothujone and (+)-3-thujone, which made up 75–88% and 5–10% of the leaf oil, respectively, deterred feeding by the weevils. Western red cedar leaf oil also showed antifeedant activity with the alder flea beetle,Altica ambiens (Le Conte), and served as an oviposition deterrent for the onion root maggot,Hylemya antiqua Meigen. The leaf oil, however, had no inhibitory effect on the feeding of the leaf roller,Epinotia solandriana L., and the red-backed sawfly,Eriocampa ovata L.
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    Electroantennogram responses ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to its pheromone components and to associated compounds (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1333-1344 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Scolytus multistriatus ; pheromone ; insect olfaction ; electroantennogram ; electrophysiology ; differential adaptation ; multistriatin ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol ; α-cubebene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms were recorded fromScolytus multistriatus in response to 4-methyl-3-heptanol, the four geometric isomers of multistriatin, and cubeb oil. Charateristic dose-response curves for response amplitude and the time required for the voltage trace to return to 1/2 baseline (recovery rate) were established. Recovery rates were significantly more rapid following stimulation with 4-methyl-3-heptanol or cubeb oil than with the multistriatin isomers. At most intensities, α-multistriatin, the isomer that evokes behavioral response, gave significantly larger EAGs with significantly longer recovery rates than the other isomers. Results of differential adaptation experiments suggested that 4-methyl-3-heptanol interacted with the processes involving multistriatin and cubeb oil activity. However, cross-activity of acceptors for these compounds seems unlikely; single sensillum recordings are needed to ascertain the response spectra for individual receptor neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403097
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    Frontalin in the male mountain pine beetle (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1399-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; pheromone ; frontalin ; exo-brevicomin ; Pinns contorta ; Pinus ponderosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Frontalin andexo-brevicomin were identified by GC-MS in air drawn over maleDendroclonus ponderosae Hopk. (MPB) from Oregon that had joined females for 1–2 days in the bark of lodgepole and ponderosa pine logs. Unfed males releasedexo- andendo-brevicomin but not frontalin. These three compounds were not detected in either unfed or fed females. Arrestment of males bytrans-verbenol and terpenes in an olfactory walkway was reduced by the addition of racemic frontalin; production of attractant chirps also diminished. Racemic frontalin also strongly reduced the aggregation of MPB in lodgepole and ponderosa pine stands to sticky traps baited with the aggregation pheromonetrans-verbenol and host terpenes; however, the function of the natural enantiomer of frontalin in MPB is unknown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403103
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  • 89
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    Defensive secretions of three oxytelinae rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1411-1420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae ; Oxytelinae ; defensive secretion ; glands ; acetates ; lactones ; alkenes ; quinones ; citral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The secretions of the abdominal glands ofBledius spectabilis Kraatz,Platystethus arenarius Fourcr., andOxytelus piceus L. have been shown to contain four 1-alkenes; toluquinone; toluhydroquinone; C10 −-,C11 −, C12 −-, and C14 − γ-lactones; C12-δ-lactone; citral; and decyl-, undecyl-, and dodecyl acetates. Quantitative results indicate that 1-alkenes are formed probably from present lactones by decarboxylation. According to the known life histories of the beetles, it is suggested that the gland material is not used as an algal growth regulator but represents a unique defensive blend characteristic for the whole subfamily.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403104
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  • 90
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    Olfactory responses of adultTribolium castaneum (Herbst), to volatiles of wheat and millet kernels, milled fractions, and extracts (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1463-1472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Red flour beetle ; Tribolium castaneum ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; food volatiles ; olfactory responses ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory responses of 72- to 96-hr-old, 24-hr starved adult male, female, or mixed-sex groups of the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to volatiles from wheat and millet kernels, certain milled fractions, and solvent extracts were recorded by using a lightsensitive apparatus. Wheat-germ volatiles from intact germ or solvent extracts were generally more attractive than volatiles of wheat endosperm or wheat bran. Volatiles of whole wheat kernels were the least attractive among test materials of wheat origin, whereas there were no significant differences among whole wheat flour, germ, and endosperm. Wheat-germ extracts, however, were more attractive than were extracts of the other fractions. Whole millet flour or fermented millet flour volatiles were more attractive than those from whole millet kernels or millet starch. Beetles reached maximum responsiveness to grain volatiles by 72–96 hr after adult ecdysis. Groups of virgin female beetles generally were more responsive than male or mixed-sex groups to volatiles of substances tested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989103
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  • 91
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    Influence of opposite sex on attraction produced by pioneer sex of four bark beetle species cohabiting pine in the Southern United States (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus frontalis ; Ips calligraphus ; I. grandicollis ; I. avulsus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; mating ; attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Catches ofDendroctonus frontalis andIps avulsus on traps surrounding bolts infested with both sexes of each species in the gallery were not significantly different from catches at bolts infested only with the sex which normally pioneers the host colonization process. In contrast, the presence of the second sex in the gallery significantly reduced catches ofI. grandicollis andI. calligraphus and, additionally, the presence of females in the male galleries ofI. calligraphus significantly reduced the catch ofI. avulsus females as compared with their response to bolts infested with the maleI. calligraphus only.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987785
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  • 92
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    Defensive adaptations of eggs and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 453-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretions ; oleic acid ; hydrocarbons ; terpenoids ; eggs ; deterrents ; ants ; predation ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; Gastrophysa cyanea ; reflex bleeding ; elytral glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Egg clusters and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea are conspicuous and, like their larvae, are chemically protected. The eggs owe their bright yellow color primarily to β-carotene and, in addition, contain substantial quantities of oleic acid. At natural concentrations oleic acid effectively deters many species of ants from feeding. The use of fatty acids as deterrents against ants is discussed as a possible widespread phenomenon among insects. During defensive confrontations, adults ofG. cyanea exhibit avoidance behavior and may also feign death. In addition, the adults may autohemmorhage or secrete a fluid from elytral or pronotal pores in response to traumatic stimuli. The secretions are effective against ants and contain a mixture of hydrocarbons as well as terpenoid components. The pattern of ontogenetic modification in the defensive chemical repertoire ofG. cyanea is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987793
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  • 93
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    Responses of the olfactory receptors ofScolytus scolytus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to the stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 477-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus scolytus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromone ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol stereoisomer ; olfaction ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) and single-cell recording techniques have been used to demonstrate the presence of separate receptors for (−)-threo- and (−)-erythro-4-methyl-3-heptanol on the antenna ofS. scolytus. The majority of single-cell recordings showed spikes of two different amplitudes. The cell giving spikes of larger amplitude responded to the (−)-threo stereoisomer while the cell with the small-amplitude spikes responded to (−)-erythro-4-methyl-3-heptanol. It is suggested that in most recordings the two cells are associated with a single sensillum basiconicum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987796
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  • 94
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    Seasonal variation in laboratory response to behavioral chemicals of the southern pine beetle (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 641-652 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus frontalis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; seasonal variation ; pheromone content ; environmental parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The response ofDendroctonus frontalis to an attractant mixture (frontalin,trans-verbenol, and loblolly pine turpentine) was measured in the laboratory over a four-year period. Beetle response was highest in late winter and early spring, and lowest in midsummer and early fall. Males consistently responded higher than females. Female beetles displayed significantly higher responses in early morning and late afternoon than in the middle of the day. Analysis of beetle pronotal width and fat content revealed a high degree of correlation between these two parameters in female beetles, but there was no correlation of response with either fat content or pronotal width for either sex. There was no evident relationship between mean monthly beetle response and total amounts of frontalin andtrans-veibenol found in hindgut extracts. Daily temperature in months both during which beetles were bioassayed and immediately prior to bioassay was highly correlated to response to the attractant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989633
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  • 95
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    Oscillatoria Sp. (Cyanophyta) mat metabolites implicated in habitat selection inBembidion obtusidens (Coleoptera: Carabidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 671-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bembidion obtusidens ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Oscillatoria animalis ; Oscillatoria subbrevis ; Cyanophyta ; metabolites ; volatiles ; ecophenes ; methylhexadecanoate ; methyloctadecenoate ; attractant ; habitat selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory bioassaysBembidion obtusidens Fall adults were attracted to volatile metabolites (methyl esters of hexadecanoic and 9-octadecenoic acid) of mat-forming, filamentous blue-green algae (Oscilalatoria sp.; Cyanophyta) growing in the microhabitat of these beetles on the shores of saline lakes. Commercial preparations of these metabolites also were attractive, suggesting thatOscillatoria metabolites are token stimuli which serve as habitat cues forBembidion adults.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989636
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  • 96
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    Field bioassay ofexo- andendo-brevicomin withDendroctonus ponderosae in lodgepole pine (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 701-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; pheromone ; exo-brevicomin ; endo-brevicomin ; Pinus contorta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bothexo- andendo-brevicomin reduced the response of flyingDendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to an attractant composed oftrans-verbenol and terpenes or oftrans- andcis-verbenol and terpenes in a stand ofPinus contorta var.murrayana. These data suggest that racemicexo- andendo-brevicomin may interrupt aggregation in populations of mountain pine beetle colonizing lodgepole pine; functions of the natural chiral compounds are unknown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988311
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  • 97
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    Anomalous sex-related inheritance of oviposition rate inCallosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 11 (1981), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus ; Coleoptera ; nonadditive inheritance ; oviposition behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract As a result of different feeding regimens, two laboratory populations of the beetleCallosobruchus maculatus Fab. developed different rates of oviposition. The behavior of the F1 hybrids cannot be explained with an additive model of inheritance. The unusual pattern of inheritance suggests a sex-related factor(s) and a two-factor interaction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065625
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    Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Japanese beetle ; Popillia japonica ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; sex attractant ; survey lure ; phenethyl propionate ; eugenol ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A combination of the synthetic sex attractant (R,Z)-5-(1-decenyl) dihydro-2(3H)-furanone with a 3∶7 mixture of phenethyl propionate (PEP) and eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxphenol) caught significantly morePopillia japonica Newman than either the sex attractant or the mixture did alone. Also, the synthetic sex attractant captured significantly more males than the PEP-eugenol did during the period of heavy adult emergence of the beetles. The two lures were not significantly different in their attractancy to males about a week later and thereafter. A combination of PEP-eugenol and virgin females in the same trap late in the season also significantly increased beetle captures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988630
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  • 99
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    Interspecific effects of pheromones on the attraction of the bark beetles,Dendroctonus brevicomis andIps paraconfusus in the laboratory (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; verbenone ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; cis-verbenol ; attractants ; inhibition ; semiochemicals ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dendroctonus brevicomis was attracted to a mixture of theIps paraconfusus pheromones, ipsenol,cis-verbenol, and ipsdienol at 10−9 g each/μl but was not attracted to these pheromones at higher and lower release rates.I. paraconfusus was not attracted to theD. brevicomis pheromonesexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene at any release rate tested. Increased release rates of a mixture of the three pheromones ofI. paraconfusus inhibited the attraction ofD. brevicomis to its synthetic pheromones. A mixture of ipsenol + ipsdienol orcis-verbenol alone failed to cause inhibition indicating that at least two of theI. paraconfusus pheromones are required to inhibit the response ofD. brevicomis. The pheromones ofD. brevicomis did not inhibit the attraction ofI. paraconfusus to its pheromones; however, verbenone was a potent inhibitor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988631
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  • 100
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    Behavior of the lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; aggregation pheromone ; lesser grain borer ; grain insect pest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult males of the lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), produce a pheromone that attracts both sexes. The volatiles from males collected on filter paper or Porapak-Q were attractive in two laboratory bioassays. The mating behavior is described and the function of the phen infested with the borer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988633
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