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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses to an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular gland of the antWasmannia auropunctata (1982)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mandibularen Drüsen der AmeiseWasmannia auropunctata enthalten 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazin, eine Verbindung mit der andere gleich-artige Nestbewohner von gestorten Arbeitern herbeigelockt werden. Während einer aggressiven interspezifischen Begegnung kann die kleine Ameise das Alkylpyrazin als ein Abstossungsmittel benutzen und ihren Opponenten noch dazu mit ihrem wirkungsvollen giftigen Stich untauglich machen. Alkylpyrazine sind schon früher in Vertreten der Unterfamilien Ponerinæ, Formicinæ und Dolichoderinæ gefunden worden, jedoch ist dies der erste Bericht über Alkylpyrazine in den mandibularen Drüsen einer Art der Myrmicinæ.
    Notes: Summary Mandibular glands of the ant,Wasmannia auropunctata, contain 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazine, a compound which attracts nestmates to disturbed workers. During interspecific aggressive encounters, this small ant may utilize the alkylpyrazine as a repellent as well as disabling opponents with its potent sting venom. Alkylpyrazines have been previously identified as cephalic products from ants of the subfamilies Ponerinæ, Formicinæ, and Dolichoderinæ but this is the first report of an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular glands of a member of the Myrmicinæ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228764
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on soil bacterial communities (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The effect of elevated carbon dioxide levels on total bacterial communities was studied in a series of controlled and replicated model terrestrial ecosystems over a period of 38 weeks. The bacterial community was profiled using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction from DNA extracted directly from soil. Bacterial community DGGE profiles provided three major findings: (i) there was a high degree of profile similarity after ≈ 12 weeks (one plant generation); (ii) whilst overall DGGE profile was maintained over the 38 weeks (three plant generations), the banding patterns became more diverse with time; (iii) DGGE data provided no evidence for a shift in bacterial community structure resulting from exposure of the ecosystem to an increased atmospheric CO2 level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00320.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of elevated CO2 on the chrysanthemum leaf-miner, Chromatomyia syngenesiae: a greenhouse study (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Although feeding behaviour of Chromatomyia syngenesiae on plants grown in elevated CO2 (ambient + 200ppm) was unaffected, leaf-miner development was slower in elevated compared to ambient CO2 atmospheres. Pupal weight was lower at high CO2 and correlated with the area of leaf mined; no such correlation existed in ambient CO2. There appears to be no compensatory feeding by the leaf-miner for the reduced food quality of plants growing in elevated CO2. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00149.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GLYCOGEN METABOLISM DURING DIFFERENTIATION IN Dictyostelium discoideum (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 210 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb47561.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between an eucoilid [Hymenoptera] and a staphylinid [Coleoptera] parasitoid of the cabbage root fly (1990)
    Springer
    BioControl 35 (1990), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Trybliographa rapae ; Aleochara bilineata ; Delia radicum ; multiparasitism ; Trybliographa rapae ; Aleochara bilineata ; Delia radicum ; multiparasitisme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs discutent de l'interaction entreTrybliographa rapae etAleochara bilineata, 2 parasitoïdes de la mouche du chou. Les larves deA. bilineata ne distinguent pas les nymphes récemment parasitées parT. rapae au stade endoparasitaire des nymphes saines, mais peuvent reconnaître les nymphes contenantT. rapae au stade ectoparasite. Si l'attaque parA. bilineata a lieu lorsqueT. rapae est encore au stade endoparasitaire l'eucoilide est généralement tué par le staphylinide.T. rapae réussit à s'établir s'il se trouve au stade ectoparasitaire avant l'attaque parA. bilineata. Cependant, le multiparasitisme a pour résultat d'augmenter les taux de mortalité pour les 2 populations de parasitoïdes.
    Notes: Abstract The interaction betweenTrybliographa rapae andAleochara bilineata, 2 parasitoids of the cabbage root fly, is discussed. Larvae ofA. bilineata could not differentiate between cabbage root fly pupae containingT. rapae in its endoparasitic state and unparasitized pupae but could recognize pupae containingT. rapae once the latter had reached its ectoparasitic state. Attack byA. bilineata whileT. rapae was still in its endoparasitic state usually resulted in the staphylinid killing the eucoilid. IfT. rapae had reached the ectoparasitic state before the host pupa was attacked byA. bilineata larvae the eucoilid survived attack by the beetle larva. Multiparasitism, however, resulted in increased levels of mortality of both parasitoid populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive substances of opilionids (1976)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1234-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The defensive secretions of 4 species of opilionids were analyzed.Leiobunum ventricosum andHadrobunus maculosus produce 4-methylheptan-3-one, whileL. calcar produces E-4,6-dimethyl-6-octen-3-one.L. longipes produces E-4,6-dimethyl-6-nonen-3-one, a new natural product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01953066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzoyl cyanide in the defensive secretion of polydesmoid millipeds (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 206-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel cyanogenetic compound, benzoyl cyanide, was isolated from the defensive secretion of 3 polydesmoid millipeds (Pseudopolydesmus serratus, Apheloria corrugata and A. trimaculata). The secretion of the 3 species also contains mandelonitrile and benzaldehyde, and that of P. serratus contains mandelonitrile benzoate, benzoic acid, isovaleric acid, myristic acid and stearic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02124069
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaloidal venom mace: Offensive use by a thief ant (1980)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 67 (1980), S. 144-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073620
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold resistance and overwintering survival of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (Anthomyiidae), and its parasitoid, Trybliographa rapae (Cynipidae), in England (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 332-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Cold resistance ; Overwinter survival ; Supercooling ; Polyols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Overwintering Delia radicum (L.) in a field of swedes (Brassica napus L.) near Ascot, Berks., England, were exposed to soil temperatures below 10°C on 176 days from 21 October 1983 to 22 April 1984, but no temperatures below 0°C were recorded. Collections of D. radicum taken at monthly intervals from 1 November 1983 to 30 April 1984 showed that parasitism by the cynipid Trybliographa rapae (Westw.) and by the staphylinid Aleochara bilineata Gyll. was the main source of mortality. A substantial increase in parasitism by A. bilineata occurred during November, but much of the increase was by superparasitism of pupae previously parasitized by T. rapae. Mortality from causes other than parasitism was greater in the November and December collections (c. 22%) and in the spring (c. 12%) than during the winter (c. 3%) and could not be attributed to low temperatures. In all collections, most of the adult D. radicum (c. 90%) emerged within 230°D5.6. The mean number of °D5.6 to eclosion did not change from 1 November to 5 March but decreased significantly by 2 April. Late-emerging adults remired 259 to 992°D5.6 to eclosion and no changes in the nean number of °D occurred among collections. Among unparasitized D. radicum, individual supercooling points showed a strong peak at c.-23°C. A significant proportion of pupae with supercooling points above-20°C were found only in the 1 November 1983 and the 30 April 1984 collections. The ‘high’ supercooling points in the November collection may have comprised apparently healthy but moribund individuals, whereas in the April collection they may have included individuals that had initiated postdiapause development. The mean supercooling point of individuals in the ‘low’ category (supercooling points ≤20°C) did not vary among monthly samples. Parasitism by T. rapae increased the variability in supercooling points, resulting in a few individuals with lower, and many more with higher supercooling points than among unparasitized individuals. The mean supercooling point increasing from the collections of November and December to those of January to April. Puparia containing unparasitized D. radicum pupae were heavier and contained more water than those with parasitized pupae, but neither group showed significant ranges over winter. Supercooling points were positively correlated with puparial live weight among unparasitized but not among parasitized pupae. Supercooling points were not correlated with water content for either group. Parasitism did not affect the occurrence or concentration of sugars and polyhydric alcohols (all〈1% of fresh weight), and trehalose, glucose and mannitol were the most abundant. D. radicum can be considered to be over-protected from lethal freezing in the pupal stage and its high supercooling capacity in England may persist because it is conferred by the structural properties of the dipteran puparium and pupa within it and therefore is not subject to selection pressures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378704
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative movement patterns of a tephritid fly and its parasitoid wasps (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 106 (1996), S. 317-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Parasitoid ; Population dynamics ; Dispersal ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extent of within-patch dispersal by a tephritid fly and its four major parasitoids was examined over three field seasons. Hosts and parasitoids were marked using acrylic paint and observed as they oviposited into the flowerheads of marsh thistle, Cirsium palustre. The average recapture rate pooled across all species was 22%. The four parasitoids showed consistently greater rates of movement than the host in all three years. In nearly all comparisons, male dispersal was less than female dispersal. There was no evidence that parasitoids moved longer distances after visiting low quality rather than high quality patches. In the one season it was studied, no correlations between movement and insect size were observed. The relevance of these observations to host-parasitoid population dynamics is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334559
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