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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 271-276 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Cotinis nitida (L.) ; beetle flight ; pheromone bioassay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 219-224 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; corn ; life-stage occurrence ; planting date
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Dans les conditions de l'est du Sud Dakota (USA), 3 dates de semailles de maïs et 3 dates de contamination avec des œufs de D. virgifera virgifera LeConte ont servi à imposer ou à empêcher la synchronisation des éclosions des œufs et par conséquent des développements ultérieurs. Les dates médianes d'apparition de chacun des 3 stades larvaires et des imagos ont été déterminées en relation avec les unités de température et le nombre de jours depuis la contamination. Aucune différence significative entre les dates médianes d'apparition n'a été mise en évidence par utilisation des unités de température; par contre, ces différences deviennent significatives lorsque l'on utilise le nombre de jours depuis la contamination. Des paramètres fiables sont nécessaires pour prédire la présence des différentes stades de cet insecte. En dépit des différentes conditions imposées pour cette étude, la méthode la moins capricieuse pour prédire l'apparition d'un stade larvaire et l'émergence des adultes est la somme de températures avec une base de 11°C.
    Notizen: Abstract Under field conditions in eastern South Dakota, USA three different planting dates of corn and three times of egg infestation were used to imposed synchronous and asynchronous timing of corn growth and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte egg hatch and subsequent development. Median occurrence of each of the three larval stages and of the adult stage for each of the infestation-planting treatments was determined by relating occurrence to thermal units and to days after infestation. No significant differences were found among the treatments for median occurrence of each life stage when the thermal unit approach was used. However, significant differences were found among treatments for median occurrence when the day after infestation approach was used. Consistent parameters are needed for prediction of the occurrence of life stages of this insect. Despite the various imposed conditions, this study indicates that the least variable method of predicting life stage occurrence and adult emergence of D. v. virgifera was the use of thermal unit accumulations (base 11°C).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 700-704 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; Tribolium confusum ; defesive secretion ; biosynthesis of 1-alkenes ; oxidative decarboxylation ; anti-elimination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The terminally unsaturated hydrocarbons of the defensive secretion ofTribolium confusum are biosynthesized from fatty acids by oxidative decarboxylation. The process involves an enantiospecific cleavage of the C−H bond of thepro-(S) C(3)−H atom and simultaneous decarboxylation of the acid into an 1-alkene and carbon dioxide via ananti-periplanar transition state geometry (anti-elimination). The stereochemistry of this biotranformation is identical in all respects with the same reaction in higher plants. The mechanism seems to be of general importance for the biosynthesis of many vinylic substructures of natural products from oxygen-containing precursors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notizen: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 15-21 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; corn rootworms ; age-specific survival ; age-specific fecundity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé D. virgifera virgifera LeConte a été placé sur des régimes nutritifs mimant l'évolution des tissus du maïs disponsibles dans le champ lorsque les insectes éclosent est aux stades suivants du maïs: 1) après émergence de l'épi mâle, mais avant l'apparition des barbes et l'émission du pollen; 2) lors de la présence de barbes et de l'émission de pollen; 3) après la pollinisation et quand les barbes ont bruni. Un quatrième régime a été fourni pendant toute l'expérience comprenant des barbes vertes, du pollen et des feuilles. Les pontes moyennes des femelles pendant les 12 semaines de l'étude on été 125, 235, 179 et 441 pour les régimes 1, 2, 3 et 4. Les dates de mort de la moitié des adultes a été 7,2, 7,2, 6,7 et 8,8 semaines pour respectivement les mêmes régimes. Les femelles du régime 1 pondent à un âge plus avancé que les femelles des régimes 2 et 3. L'influence des changements de la qualité alimentaire du maïs au fur et à mesure du vieillissement des plantes et deDiabrotica, a été déterminée par la survie au bout de 48 heures d'insectes éclos depuis peu et d'autres maintenus en cage sur des lots de maïs à différents stades poussant en serre depuis des temps plus ou moins longs. Plus les plantes sont âgées, plus la survie des 2 groupes deDiabrotica diminue, mais plus vite chez les lots d'insectes âgés.
    Notizen: Abstract Adult corn rootworm beetles,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were maintained on three dietary regimes which mimicked the progression of corn tissues that would be available in the field for beetles eclosing when corn was in the following growth stages: (A) after tassels had emerged but prior to silking and pollen shed; (B) while plants were silking and shedding pollen; and (C) after pollination was complete and silks had turned brown. A fourth regime (D) was established in which green corn silks, pollen, and leaves were provided throughout the study. The mean number of eggs laid per female over the 12-week duration of the study was 125, 235, 179, and 441 for regimes A, B, C, and D, respectively. Median length of life was 7.2, 7.2, 6.7, and 8.8 weeks for regimes A, B, C, and D respectively. Beetles in regime A laid a greater proportion of their eggs at an older age than did beetles from regimes B and C. To further investigate the influences on survival of changes in food quality of corn as plants and beetles aged, newly-eclosed beetles and beetles that had been maintained in caged plots of corn growing in a greenhouse for various lengths of time were caged on corn at different stages of growth, and the proportion of beetles surviving for 48 h was determined. Survival decreased as plants aged for both groups of beetles, but decreased at a faster rate for old than for young beetles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.40 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe the principles of holographic storage and reconstruction of ultrashort light pulses using spectrally nonselective media. This can be achieved by the application of a 3-D recording medium and by the holography of waves produced by spatial spectral decomposition of light pulses. We also describe various transformations of optical temporal signals based on holographic spectral filtering and nonlinear interaction of spectral decomposition waves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 71-74 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have found a simple analytical expression which describes the relation between amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and small-signal gain in short-pulse amplifiers. It is also shown that the contrast of the short pulse to the ASE is weakly dependent on the saturation of the ASE, and influenced mainly by the saturation of the short pulse. The theoretical considerations were verified by measurements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 153-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A generalized optical correlator is used to analyze the performances of the Vander Lugt and the joint transform architectures. Noise performance and the effects caused by the differences between the input and the reference functions are analyzed. It is found that the modulation index of the joint transform filter decreases due to the presence of noise as well as the differences between the input and the reference functions. However, it is found that, in general, the joint transform correlator would perform better than the Vander Lugt correlator and certainly has the advantage for real-time implementation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We measured the photoionization cross-sections of anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene,p-terphenyl, and 2,5-diphenylfuran molecules excited to the singlet and triplet electronic states intermediate in the stepwise two-photon ionization process at 266 nm (all compounds) and at 355, 391 and 417 nm (anthracene).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 42.80 ; 33 ; 82 ; 34
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 373-381 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated noise and fluctuations of the output power of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers in positive column plasma. Direct coupling of laser output power noise and fluctuations of the local population inversion was found. An investigation of the positive column plasma showed moving striations being responsible for the gain fluctuations. Whereas the local plasma properties are dominated by high frequency striations in the 100 kHz range, integrated quantities such as laser gain per pass are most strongly influenced by low-frequency waves with a continuous noise spectrum below 200 kHz. External modulation of the discharge voltage or current at a frequency near thehf striations reduces laser noise and increases laser output power.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 383-390 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory is investigated for the case of Bragg diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a thick unslanted phase grating in transmission mode. Fourier plane wave decomposition theory, as presented in a companion article, is used to test 2-D coupled-wave theory under circumstances when its validity is in question, namely when the incident distribution is very narrow or fast-varying, or when the parameterv o, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large. Numerical evaluations of the field patterns at output from the grating, obtained using plane-wave decomposition, are used to explore the effect of the gradual violation of the conditions (from the previous article) under which 2-D coupled-wave theory is valid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Optical absorption,S 1 lifetime, and photostability are investigated for a series of heptamethine ir dyes and related to chemical structure. The high photostability of several dyes and the large range ofS 1 lifetimes make these dyes very interesting for ir dye lasers and for ir mode-locked laser systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 13-14 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 μm≦λ≦538 μm were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 μm band of a cw CO2 laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 μm≦λ≦783 μm were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 292-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The conditions for optimum 611.8 nm laser operation are obtained and a convenient method for indicating 3.39 µm suppression is proposed. Single longitudinal mode 611.8 nm generation is obtained using higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. Several milliwatt monomode output power and 0.75 multimode-to-monomode power conversion coefficients are obtained without an internal iodine cell. A comparison of the experimental results with a single-mode laser theory is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 421-426 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A comprehensive control system has been developed for the stabilization of internalmirror He-Ne lasers to their power envelopes. It is designed particularly for use with lasers emitting at 552, 505, or 490 THz (543, 594, 612 nm). The aim has been to combine convenience in routine operation with good day-to-day resettability and minimal frequency drift during a day. The lasers are observed to emit in up to four modes simultaneously and their tuning behaviour is highly alignment-sensitive. They also tend to flip between modes having orthogonal linear planes of polarization. Reliable control of polarization and mode frequency are possible using permanent magnets and active length control through thermal expansion. The stabilized single-frequency outputs have frequency drifts of about 2×10−8 per year, and powers of between 150 μW and 850 μW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 52.80 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A liquid nitrogen cooled cw CO-Laser is described, with which laser action up to 8.18 μm (v=36→35) has been achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.82 ; 42.10
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The two-dimensional analysis of a recently reported thick grating Bragg diffraction focussing device is carried out using Solymar's coupled-wave approach. It is shown that the device is capable of operating as a non-divergent lens with beam contraction ratios of better than 100:1, and conversion efficiencies of nearly 100%. It is also shown that it can operate as a novel kind of Fourier spectrum analyser, the focussed diffracted intensity being proportional (as a function of Bragg condition violation) to the modulus squared of the Fourier transform of the incident finite beam. The focussing properties are studied as functions of incident beam profile, width and position, grating strength and Bragg condition violation. Poynting vector optics is used successfully to predict (in conjunction with the dispersion surfaces of x-ray dynamical theory) the off-Bragg behaviour in the focal plane. It is likely that the device could be used as avariable ratio beam contractor in integrated optics, where the grating strength could be controlled (interdigital electrode system) electrooptically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have designed and tested a pulsed single-mode dye laser for spectroscopy experiments. The dye laser is pumped by a 6 kHz copper vapor laser to produce up to 230 mW average power at over 5% efficiency in a nearly diffraction limited beam. The dye laser pulse closely resembles the 30 ns pump pulse. Using an electronic servo loop, the 60 MHz wide line can be scanned, without mode hopping, through the 16 GHz permitted by the travel on the piezo driven mirror mount.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.65 ; 68 ; 36.40 ; 78 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 85.60 ; 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 33
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 43-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 32
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyses the slight change undergone by the polarization of a laser beam performing a multipass between two spherical mirrors facing each other. We replace the general 16-parameter Mueller formalism by an approximate 7-parameter one, and we give a quantitative experimental criterion for the validity of this approximation. Then we apply this formalism to the analysis of our experimental data. The results evidence:i) intrinsic birefringence in the mirror coatings (typical value per reflexion ∼2 to 4×10−4 rad);ii) birefringence due to off-normal incidence (typically 3.6×10−5 rad per reflexion for an incidence of 2×10−2 rad);iii) optical rotation, of purely geometrical origin (typically 14° for a multipass with revolution symmetry and 100 forward-backward passes under constant incidencei=2°);iv) no observable circular dichroism (≲10−6). Finally these results are discussed in connection with possible associated systematics in a parity violation experiment which motivated this work.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 34 ; 36 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 34 ; 33
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Lasing from e-beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures at 258 nm was investigated in a longitudinal pumping geometry. Time dependence, output powers and energies as well as the spectral composition of the laser pulses were determined for different experimental conditions. Optical gain was observed for eight transitions around 258 nm. The fine structure results from isotopic splitting and contributions from different vibrational states. No bottle-necking occurs. However, saturation and absorption by excited states limited the total output power to 6MW and the output energies to 200 mJ. A simple kinetic model is proposed that reproduces the larger number of experimental data quite sufficiently.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 33 ; 34
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A far-infrared (FIR) NH3 laser was resonantly pumped with a line-tunable infrared (IR) NH3 laser. The number of the observed FIR laser lines amounted to 33. Most of them belonged toaR(J,K) rotation-inversion transition in (0, 1, 0, 0) vibrational state. The line tunability of sealed-off FIR NH3 laser was almost achieved in 90, 115, 150, and 220 μm wavelength regions by the selective line tuning of the pumping IR NH3 laser.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.80 ; 07.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A sub-Doppler spectroscopic technique involving the detection of vibrational energy transfer in excited molecules with selected velocity components at a microphone diaphragm is demonstrated. The technique is applied to the investigation of thev 3 R(16) transition in HCN and the results compared with a previously derived theoretical model.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 68 ; 42.70 ; 42.60 ; 61.70 ; 61.50 ; 42.80 ; 29
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.82
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Various methods for the recording of blazed holographic diffraction gratings are presented and the regions in the wavelength-groove density plane for which they can be used are shown. The gratings are made in the positive photoresist Shipley AZ-1350. The diffraction efficiency for s and p polarization was measured as a function of wavelength and angle of incidence. An absolute efficiency of 80% was achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 195-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 35
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Laser emission at different wavelengths in the range of 903–914 nm and around 2.5 μm has been observed upon excitation of Na2 by uv radiation from an excimer laser at 351 nm and an excimer pumped dye laser in this wavelength range. The emission is attributed to a cascade emission $$C^1 \Pi _u \to 2^1 \sum _g^ + $$ followed by $$2^1 \sum _g^ + \to A^1 \sum _u^ + $$ . In addition, coupled with the laser emission around 910 nm, broad-band fluorescence peaking around 855.5 nm is observed which, eventually, may be the first observation of the $$b^3 \sum _g^ + \to x^3 \sum _u^ + $$ bound-free transition in Na2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 41
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The relativistic motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field depending only on one coordinate is shown to be exactly equivalent to the unidimensional motion of a particle having a time and space-varying mass. By means of the averaged Lagrangian method an approximate solution is obtained for the relativistic electron motion in two oppositely moving waves of any polarization, one of them being weaker than the other one, thus generalizing the results previously obtained for circular polarization. A comparison with numerical calculations shows a good agreement. A pendulum-like motion in an effective periodic potential is shown to exist not only for two waves of the same frequency, but more generally when the frequency of the weaker wave is an odd harmonic of the frequency of the stronger one.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 359-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the general formulations of the apparent transfer function for the partially coherent optical processor will be derived. Although these formulas show that the apparent transfer function is dependent upon the degree of spatial and temporal coherence, there is actually more variability in the spatial coherence. We note that the obtained formulas may also be used as a criterion in the selection of source size and spectral bandwidth of an incoherent light source. Thus a specific optical information processing operation can be carried out with an incoherent source.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 63-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A time standard based on the use of an optical oscillation period of a frequencystable He−Ne laser as a time scale is first described. We obtained highly frequency-stable oscillations in the SHF range that were locked to the oscillations of a He−Ne laser stabilized to an absorption resonance in methane at 3.39 μm. A direct comparison of frequency stabilities of a rubidium standard and He−Ne/CH4 laser has been made. The absolute measurement of the frequency of the He−Ne/CH4 laser we performed gave a new value of frequency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82 ; 78.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The mechanism of intramolecular energy transfer in two bifluorophoric laser dyes has been investigated by measurements of laser parameters, excited state absorption and phosphorescence spectra. The new value found for the dimethyl-POPOP triplet energy (48.0 kcal/mole) accounts for the different behaviour of the two classes of bifluorophoric dyes used in this investigation.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 86 ; 70L ; 07.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we report on a differential absorption technique using a CO2 waveguide laser. The method is based on the measurement of the differential absorption between two different frequencies of the same selected CO2 laser line. The sensitivity of the technique depends strongly on the total pressure and has been estimated to be about a few tens of ppb or better over a 1 km path length in C2H4 diluted with air to a total pressure of a few tens of torrs. Its relative simplicity and high sensitivity at low total pressure enable this technique to be applied to gas detection either at high altitude or to local monitoring of a low pressure sample.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 279-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The minimum absorption detectable by a tunable diode laser spectrometer utilising harmonic techniques is often limited by interference fringes generated by scattered light. The sensitivity of the spectrometer to absorption can be increased by applying a jitter modulation. In this paper, the theory of harmonic response for single- and two-tone modulation over optical fringes and Lorentzian absorption lines is developed and compared to experimental measurements. A simple analytic expression for the two-tone harmonic line shape is derived. This expression provides a physical understanding of the effects of the second modulation, and a means to unravel the effects of the second modulation on the linewidth and line shape. For a specific choice of the jitter frequency and phase, it is possible to simultaneously minimise the fringe signal and increase the harmonic absorption signal. The results of this investigation are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic techniques are used.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 409-413 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The theory of active-passive mode-locked solid-state lasers is developed where the passive mode-locking is achieved by a nonlinear mirror. Steady-state cw numerical solutions are analyzed in detail for the case of a Nd: YAG laser. The steady-state pulse duration can be reduced by an order of magnitude as compared to the pure active mode-locking regime.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 355-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The interaction between two strong pump beams and two signal beams is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the frequencies of the beams need to satisfy the relation that the sum of the pump beam frequencies should be equal to the sum of the signal beam frequencies. The gain is shown to depend on the detuning of the pump beams relative to the incident signal beam and on the direction of the signal beam. Maximum gain is obtained when the signal beams bisect the pump beams.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 393-404 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65k ; 42.80 ; 42.82
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We study optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in planar waveguide structures composed of several layers with different dielectric constants. We develop a general formalism for the calculation of mode generation by a planar antenna embedded in the waveguide. As an application we consider a monolayer of high second-order susceptibility adsorbed at the interface between two layers of the waveguide structure. Periodic modulation of the nonlinear susceptibility allows phase matching leading to dramatically enhanced second harmonic intensities. We investigate the SHG-efficiency of various experimentally realizable geometries.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 441-454 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 33 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An overview is provided of the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method, which currently allows simultaneous combustion measurements at more than 105 flowfield points. Important advantages of the method include its relatively high signal strength, ease of interpretation, and applicability for determining several flowfield variables (including concentration, temperature, velocity, pressure and density). Example results are shown for a turbulent non-premixed flame, a spray flame, a rod-stabilized premixed flame, and a diffusion flame from a fuel jet in cross-flow.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 52.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The cw output power of the uv CuII laser has been optimized with respect to the hollow cathode geometry, the discharge current, the fill gas pressure and the resonator mirror parameters. A maximum laser output power of 900 mW for multiline operation at 248.6, 259.1, 260.0, and 270.3 nm was achieved with 100 A discharge current, 260 V voltage and 16 mbar fillgas pressure, when a hollow cathode of 1.2 m length and 2×6 mm2 cross section was employed. The single-pass pain gl has been estimated to 7%. A hollow cathode cross section of 1.5×4.5 mm2 is suggested as an optimum geometry. In addition, some investigations on the mechanism of the laser power decay in Ne−Cu-discharges are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 219-221 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.65 ; 42.40
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we describe a phase-conjugate scheme in which the pump waves are derived from a distorted optical beam by a spatial filtering technique. Experimental demonstration of this scheme is given for phase-distortion correction. To avoid the problem of back reflection a quasi-real-time reconstruction scheme is adopted. The read out is done with a direct beam from the laser.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 79-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract By use of circularly polarized light we have exploited optical pumping within the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state to obtain optical bistability in sodium vapours with low threshold power (around 1 mW) and a wide tuning range (〉12 GHz). Experimental results are presented for different conditions of operation and compared to computer calculations, that include propagation effects and inhomogeneous broadening, based on a three-level atomic model that accounts for optical pumping.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 52.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We study the electron phase-space evolution and gain in free electron lasers whose short-wavelength radiation has Gaussian spherial wavefronts. Several free electron laser designs are considered: the undulator, the tapered wavelength undulator, and the optical klystron. We find that the gain spectrum is no longer proportional to the slope of the forward spontaneous emission spectrum, and we determine the design of the Gaussian mode which maximizes the energy extraction from the electron beam.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of fluctuations in the pulse duration of synchronously pumped modelocked pulse trains on excite and probe measurements is discussed. Relaxation times comparable with the pulse durations can be measured even when large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in duration exist. The pump and probe pulse durations are assumed to be correlated. When the probe pulses are the second harmonic of the pump, or vice versa, the third harmonic must also be generated to permit deconvolution of experimental excite and probe data. When the pump and probe pulses have the same time dependence, the excite and probe curves consist of the desired response function convolved with the time-averaged second harmonic autocorrelation function which is easily measured. Deconvolution yields the relaxation time but fluctuations in pulse duration increase the root-mean-square voltage fluctuation at the output of the detector system and limit the accuracy with which the relaxation time can be calculated.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 36 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60d
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown analytically that for a pulsed dye laser amplifier, transversely pumped by a short duration pulsed laser, there exists an optimum gain length of the amplifier at dye laser wavelengths at which ground state absorption does not vanish. Thus, if the available pump power is distributed over this gain length, the extraction efficiency and the saturated gain of the amplifier reaches a maximum. The dependence of the extraction efficiency and gain on the amplifier length is strongly affected by the nonlinear absorption of the dye laser arising from excited state absorption, subsequent to ground state absorption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 319-322 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.40 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new type of anisotropic scattering with ring-and-line structure is observed for the first time from a BaTiO3 crystal illuminated by a linearly polarized laser beam. The analysis presented herein is based on the photorefractive four-wave interaction of the incident, reflected, and scattered beams. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Surface sterilization ; Contaminants ; Sterile plant selection ; Axenic seedlings ; Triticum aestivum ; Trifolium pratense ; Trifolium repens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sterile seedlings are required for the investigation of interactions between microorganisms and plants. The present study was designed to develop a simple and reliable method for the selection of sterile seedlings by the use of liquid nutrient media, avoiding some of the disadvantages of solid media. The method of germinating surface-sterilized seedlings on solid water agar or nutrient media was compared with our method for sterility control in nutrient broth. Sterile plant selection in liquid media was the most sensitive method for detecting bacterial and fungal contaminants. Sterile plants grow with the same vigour as unsterilized plants and can be used for sterile plant experiments.
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 258-262 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.65 ; 42.80 ; 42.30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present some new experiments on self-diffraction in nematic liquid crystals and an extended static theoretical description of this effect. Our model gives some new insights and improvements to calculations carried out before. Using these calculations it was, e.g., possible to determine elastic constants in a pure optic way. For the static and dynamic measurements we designed a computer-controlled optical setup. It allows determination of the most interesting nonlinear optical properties of liquid crystals under variation of many parameters. The layout even allows application for any other nonlinear material. Especially modulation sensitivity, modulation transfer function and distribution of noise measured with just one setup are interesting for later application in optical signal or image processing. Furthermore, we present measurements one some new commercial nematic mixtures which show promising behaviour for future application in nonlinear optics. It was possible to verify our theoretical model with the experimental results.
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A theoretical treatment of the influence of a saturable absorber in close contact with a highly reflecting mirror on a light pulse is given. The shaping of a Gaussian pulse during a single passage through such an absorber is calculated for various absorber lengths. The influence of absorber position and length on the pulse parameters and the stability of a continuously pumped dye laser are investigated. The shortest pulses and the most favourable operation conditions of the laser are to be expected in the case of a short contacted saturable absorber.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Fluctuating pulse durations considerably influence the time resolution of probing experiments. The commonly used arithmetic averaging the experimental data changes the shape of the signal curves and gives longer decay times in the wings. Methods are presented to reduce the effect of fluctuating pulse durations.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 201-205 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.55 ; 78.20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The transmission of ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked Nd: glass laser in germanium of various thicknesses (3 to 8 μm) has been measured as a function of incident irradiance. Transmission is seen to increase with irradiance level in all samples. The degree of enhancement is greater for the thcker samples. At high excitation levels, thinner samples show a peaking of transmission, which does not occur in a thick sample. Taking the sample as composed of thin elements, the parameters characterizing the photoexcited electron-hole plasma have been found by assuming homogeneous excitation within each element. Theoretical curves thus obtained give good quantitative account of the experimental results. Peaking of transmission is seen to due to a balance between absorption enhancement in the front portion of the sample and absorption reduction in the back.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 211-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The use of the depth discriminination property of the confocal scanning microscope for surface profiling has been adapted to provide a method of high-resolution three-dimensional surface profilometry. Measurements on a semiconductor specimen demonstrate the technique; depth variations of the order of 0.1 μm are clearly resolved.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Infrared (ir) emissions from a TEA-CO2-laser-pumped NH3 laser are reported. Superfluorescent emissions and selective single-line oscillations have been obtained in the range from 11 to 13 μm. The results make possible the design of a NH3 Stark cell allowing a 1 GHz shift of the 10.78 μm NH3 emission line.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 238-241 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80 ; 85.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract When a laser is focused by a lens or mirror array the field acquires a longitudinal component. Under certain conditions this longitudinal laser field could be used to accelerate an injected particle to high energies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 254-257 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We present a very compact and very reliable laser system formed of two discharge sections both with lateral UV preionization. The discharge electrodes are contained in a single vessel and form an oscillator-amplifier system. A single spark gap switches on both circuits. By applying a generalized self-filtering unstable resonator to the oscillator and injecting the laser beam into the single pass amplifier, an output beam of 105 mJ, with a brightness of 5.5×1013 W cm−2Sr−1 has been obtained. Moreover, by applying a pulse-forming network in one discharging circuit, the duration of the discharge breakdown has been increased and output laser pulses of 40 ns FWHM, and 80 ns base width duration (at 10% points) and of energy 100 mJ are obtained.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum ; Ribosomal RNA genes ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The mitochondrial 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of rye, plus a total of about 90 kilobase pairs of flanking DNA, have been cloned and maps of restriction enzyme cleavage sites have been constructed. Like their homologs from hexaploid wheat, the rye genes are closely linked and are part of a three-copy family of recombining repeats (the “18S/5S repeat”). The rye repeat probably also contains a mitochondrial tRNAfMet gene, which the wheat repeat is known to carry. However, despite the overall organizational similarity between the wheat and rye 18S/5S repeats in the immediate vicinity of their coding regions, extensive rearrangement of flanking sequences has taken place during evolutionary divergence of the two species. Our data provide additional support for an emerging picture of plant mitochondrial genomes as evolving much more rapidly in structure than in sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Chloroplast DNA ; ATPase alpha subunit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary An internal part of the chloroplast atpA gene has been identified in the mitochondrial DNA of Triticum aestivum. It is located near the 18S-5S ribosomal genes and partially contained within a repeated sequence. Comparison of the transferred sequence with the original ct sequence reveals several nucleotide changes and shows that neither 5′ nor 3′ ends are present in the mt genome. No transcript of this region could be detected by Northern analysis. This sequence is present in mitochondrial genomes of other tetraploid and diploid species of Triticum, also in the vicinity of the 18S-5S ribosomal genes, suggesting a unique transfer event. The date of this event is discussed.
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Single-mode selection with Michelson selectors in cw standing-wave dye lasers is analyzed. The application of single and double Michelson mode selectors for compensation of spatial hole burning effects is described in detail. Upper limits for the pumping are considered. It is shown that with spatial hole burning compensation, even the single Michelson selector provides sufficient selectivity for high power single-mode operation in linear cavities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 203-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A series of experiments are carried out by current modulating a tunable diode laser, and slowly ramping the wavelength to scan weak absorption lines in gases at pressures ranging from 2 to 60 Torr. A lock-in amplifier detects the second harmonic (2f) of the modulation frequency, and the experimental 2f signals are compared with theory. Detailed measurements are made on Lorentzian, Voigt, and Gaussian line profiles, over a wide range of modulation amplitudes. Excellent agreement between experiment and calculation is obtained in all cases. This quantitative understanding enables one to derive true lineshapes and linewidths of very weak absorption lines from measurements of 2f lineshapes only. Results are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic detection techniques are routinely employed to monitor weak signals.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract New laser lines have been generated using methanol when isotopically labelled CO2 is used in the pump laser. 19 lines have been found when13C16O2 is used and 29 when12C18O2 is used. The wavelengths of the emission lines have been measured with a relative accuracy of 5×10−3 using the submillimetre resonator as a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, and the polarizations of the lines have also been measured. Some of the laser lines have been assigned to pure rotational transitions in the excited state associated with the CO stretching mode, other lines are believed to originate from pumping in combination bands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A relation between spatial coherence function and source encoding intensity transmittance function is presented. Since the spatial coherence is depending upon the information processing operation, a strictly broad spatial coherence function may not be required for the processing. The advantage of the source encoding is to relax the constraints of strict coherence requirement, so that the processing operation can be carried out with an extended incoherent source. Emphasis of the source encodings and experimental demonstrations are given. The constraint of temperal coherence requirement is also discussed.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new method of pulse width measurement based on the total energy response of an etalon is presented. The theory is developed and results for several pulse shapes are given. The method is unique because no fast response detector is required and there are practically no spectral region limitations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 63-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Two rival techniques used in the analysis of Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional light beams by thick unslanted phase gratings, namely Fourier plane wave decomposition and 2-D coupled-wave theory, are compared. The advantages and regions of applicability of each are discussed, and the conditions found under which they yield identical results. In particular, the results of plane-wave decomposition are used to provide quantitative conditions for validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory. These conditions are not easily derived using any other technique, and set quantitative limits to how narrow or fast-varying the incident distribution may be before 2-D coupled-wave theory fails. It is also shown that 2-D coupled-wave theory is inadequate when the parameterv 0, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.65 ; 34 ; 42.55 ; 42.70 ; 78
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 36.20 ; 36.10 ; 02 ; 36 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 33 ; 36 ; 36.10 ; 14 ; 32
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 37-42 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.82 ; 42.10
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Novel thick grating focussing and de-focussing devices are described which employ uniform phase gratings with special boundary shapes. The analysis used is based upon an eigenmodal approach to Kogelnik's coupled-wave equations, akin to the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction. The relationship between the direction of phase progression of the coupled-waves at Bragg incidence, and the direction of the Poynting vector is carefully delineated. As a consequence, a new technique-Poynting Vector Optics — is suggested as potentially an important means of designing thick gratings to fulfil certain beam processing roles, especially in integrated optics applications. The two-dimensional coupled-wave equations are briefly employed to illustrate the effectiveness of a particular focussing device.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 193-195 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a low power He−Ne laser has been described and used. With a proper resonator length very weak sideband modes on each side of the strong mode produce a feedback signal to a piezoelectric pusher which controls the resonator length. The long-term frequency stability was estimated to be about ±10 MHz.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 41 ; 42.55 ; 95
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Exact expressions are derived for the gain of a free-electron laser based on a uniform longitudinal magnetic field configuration operating in the single-particle, low-gain regime. The gain is calculated for different parameters of the system. For strong enough a field, the gain decreases with an increase of the amplitude, becoming negative when passing a threshold value, which depends on the system parameters. Implications regarding the saturation of the lasing process are discussed.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.70 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 52 ; 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 51
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 78.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous laser operation at the wavelengths of λ1=637 and λ2=717 in Pr0.5La0.5P5O14 single crystals was observed. The crystals were excited by nanosecond publses from a Coumarin 2 dye laser (λ=450 nm). Laser emissions and their interdependence were studied both in crystals without an external resonator and in crystals placed within a plane parallel resonator. The energetic, time and frequency characteristics for both laser actions were examined. The effect of bifrequential emission was also found in crystals of different ratios of Pr and La ions concentration and in pure praseodymium pentaphosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 78.20 ; 42.80 ; 85.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The fundamental absorption edge of evaporated WO3 films is investigated. The optical gap of the virgin film is estimated to be 3.41 eV at room temperature and it decreases with increase of annealing temperature up to 200°C. Annealing at 300°C leads to change in the spectral shape, which is caused by crystallization. For the films annealed at 200°C, temperature coefficient of the optical gap is estimated to be −2×10−4 eV/K and the slope of Urbach's tail is found to be independent of measuring temperature up to 200°C. With electrolytic coloration, shift of the optical gap toward higher energy is observed. Magnitude of this shift is estimated to be 0.05 eV at the color center concentration of 7.5×1021 cm−3 when H+ electrolyte is used. If Li+ electrolyte is used, the magnitude of this shift is about three times larger than in the case of H+ electrolyte. This fact is interpreted by a small change in the host matrix structure owing to the injection of proton or Li+ during coloration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 243-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 61.80 ; 42.80 ; 85.30
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An analytical treatment of the thermal phenomena during free-running ruby laser annealing of boron implanted silicon is presented. The heat equation was solved for a simplified shape of the pulse train consisting of a uniform succession of triangular spikes, identical in energy. During one spike the optical and thermal parameters of the sample were taken constant, but for each new spike, new values of these parameters were calculated taking into account their temperature dependence. Such a model predicts the melting of the top surface before the laser pulse has ended, for energy densities higher than 9×104 J/m2. RHEED confirms the presence of recristallization at about the same value of the laser-pulse energy densities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 77 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The dielectric constant of a PbTe epitaxial layer has been measured by surface wave spectroscopy using an optically pumped far-infrared laser and the technique of attenuated total reflection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.70 ; 42.80 ; 61.40 ; 78.60
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Insensitive bulk samples of poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) may be sensitized by in-diffusion of monomers and photoinitiators. Different methods for the fabrication of refractive index profiles in the PMMA surface for lightguiding are demonstrated. The photolocking procedures are suitable for recording 2 dimensional patterns as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 06.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A full-automatic wavelength controled pulsed dye laser has been developed. With the control system, dye laser oscillations of nanosecond pulses are tuned to any wavelength in the visible or scanned in any sweep mode keeping the nearly transform-limited bandwidth of 0.45 GHz. A mechanical tuning of the wavelength is employed, such that the motion of three wavelength selectors is synchronized to give a smooth and precise wavelength control. The basic principle underlying the tuning scheme, various requirements to be met in system construction, and the practical performance of automatic wavelength control are described in this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 33.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We report infrared laser emission in the region of 3 to 5 μm from sodium vapour optically pumped by a pulsed dye laser with wavelengths ranging from 585 to 610nm. Twophoton excitation processes are believed to be responsible for the primary excitation. Both molecular transitions (4 to 5 μm) between high lying states, and atomic transitions (52 S 1/2−42 P 3/2,1/2 at 3.41 μm) have been identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 52 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Detailed data of the minimum preionization electron density (MPED)n 0 necessary to initiate a homogeneous discharge mode in transverse gas discharges are computed. An upper limit for the inductance of the discharge circuit is set by the power balance during breakdown. The results are presented as functions of generalized parameters. Applicability of the computations is proved by experimental observations.
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The presented theoretical model for a mode-locked Nd-glass laser simultaneously takes into account dynamics of the mode-locking dye, amplification saturation and radiation background. A systematic variation of laser parameters gives insight into the pulse formation process and allows to improve the laser design. The calculations show that it should be possible to decrease considerably the duration of light pulses of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser. Using a new mode-locking dye with a switching time of τ=2.7×10−12 s we obtained stable laser operation and a pulse duration of 1.7×10−12s.
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 31-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The decay rates of the3 D 1 level of I–II and the 3s 2 level of neon have been measured by the magnetic-field power dip method. The decay rate at the zero-pressure limit is found to be 7.1 MHz/2π for the3 D 1 level. The collision cross-section for excited I ions with helium atoms equals 0.19×10−15 cm2.
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 82.50
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The characteristics of near uv dye lasers pumped with short duration, 308 nm pulses from a XeCl laser are described with particular emphasis on the parameters influencing high average power operation. The solvent is shown to effect the operation of all dye lasers studied, particularly the photochemical stability. Measurements of the efficiency, as a function of the integrated pump energy have been made for a series of dye-solvent combinations. With the best combinations, average output powers in excess of 1W and conversion efficiencies greater than 25% were obtained at a repetition rate of ∼100 Hz.
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Near-infrared laser action of atomic carbon was obtained using a hollow cathode discharge tube. Besides the known 1.4543 μm and 1.0691 μm laser lines, cw laser operation at 1.0683 μm, 0.9658 μm, and 0.9406 μm wavelength was observed for the first time. The source of carbon was due to dissociation of CO, CO2 or CH4 added to the He buffer gas.
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 311-316 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 07.40 ; 07.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A high precision wavelength meter in the visible is described, which is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer with several etalons of different resolution. The interference fringe pattern projected on a photo-diode array detector is computationally processed to give a stepwise refinement of the wavelength value to any adjusted accuracy. The present model intends to provide digital and real-time values of high precision wavelength for dye-laser spectroscopy, and to serve as a monitor or as a pilot for wavelength control of a dye-laser source of nanosecond pulses. The model is, therefore, designed with particular emphasis on its short-pulse capability and on-line mode of operation as well as on its high sensitivity and resolution. Some arrangements of essential necessity are involved therein, such as to avoid an errorneous wavelength readout for a noisy incidence of pulsed field. The ultimate accuracy of wavelength measurement is prescribed by the resolving power of the thickest etalon employed. As applied to the pulsed source, the model determines the wavelength to the accuracy of ±one part in 107 for even a single shot nanosecond incidence of a fraction of μJ energy. The design and performance are described in connection to pulsed dye-laser incidence.
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 329-336 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 78.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This work was an experimental investigation of a potential large-scale excimer laser system, in which a high-pressure KrF gas mix was pumped by the 4-MeV electron beam from an available linear accelerator. As a function of the mix and the pressure, fluorescence from KrF* and/or Kr2F* were produced with good efficiency. Comparing measured data with a kinetic model, it was found that the kinetics followed the “normal” patterns seen in low-energy electron pumping. The data fitting process also resulted in a new value for the three-body quenching rate constant for reactions involving Ar. A critical factor in the development of this laser will be an improvement in beam control over that afforded by a simple solenoidal magnet. The conditions necessary for lasing are predicted; no inherent limitations on scaling of the device were found.
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 64
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated time-dependent effects related to the bistable operation of a CO2 laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorber (SF6). The response of the system to small perturbations was sensitively dependent on the operating laser line [P(12)→P(30)] of the 10.6 μm band. The narrow bistable region forP(12), due to a very narrow hysteresis loop, can be effectively utilized for optical switching, because of its pronounced sensitivity to variations in operational parameters. The maximum admissable beam blocking time (intracavity) for spontaneous return to lasing was measured forP(16), for a range of absorber pressures. This τm is related to the relaxation time of the upper level in the absorber.
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.82
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The exposure-development process for the fabrication of holographic diffraction gratings for integrated optics in the positive photoresist Shipley AZ-1350 is theoretically and experimentally investigated. An analysis of the light intensity distribution is carried out, taking into account the reflectivity at the photoresist-substrate interface and the attenuation in the photoresist for two holographic exposure arrangements. The influence of the exposure energy, the development time for a fixed concentration of the developer and the initial photoresist thickness are described. Various grating profiles are calculated for photoresist films, coated on matched and reflective substrates. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate very good agreement between the actual and calculated gratings profiles.
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