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  • Chemistry  (42,157)
  • General Chemistry  (7,645)
  • Organic Chemistry  (4,242)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2,961)
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  • 1
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 3
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 4
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 6
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 7
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry;Materials science
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 8
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemistry
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: French
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  • 9
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mineralogy includes thirteen chapters that discuss the methodology of specific mineralogical methods, the composition of minerals from different igneous rocks, and the composition of minerals from different sedimentary rocks.It contains detailed mineralogical studies from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Chapters present different scientific mineralogical methods and detailed descriptions of minerals from different magmatic and sedimentary rocks.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Benzimidazole is a comprehensive survey of the known and new methods of benzimidazole synthesis, the spectral and theoretical aspects of existing benzimidazole derivatives, and the anticancer properties of a new class of benzimidazole derivatives. This book examines aspects and newer mechanisms of benzimidazoles containing heterocyclic moiety. Chapters report on anticancer properties of benzimidazole derivatives, novel methods of synthesis of benzimidazoles, versatile nature of the benzimidazoles, spectral and theoretical studies of benzimidazole derivatives, and medicinal importance and pharmacological aspects of benzimidazole derivatives.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Green Chemistry - New Perspectives is at the frontiers of this continuously evolving interdisciplinary science, and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. The book covers all aspects of green chemistry, including chemical synthesis, nano synthesis, eco-friendly processes, biomass, extraction techniques, environmental remediation, and energy, making it a unique reference resource. This will continue to encourage scientists around the world to develop novel synthetic methods or improve the existing ones to circumvent some of the problems and favours all aspects of green chemistry. This book is intended for academia, professionals, scientists, as well as graduate and undergraduate students without any geographical limitations.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book consists of several selected chapters on important subjects in modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The content addresses aspects related to both improvements in the mainstream HPLC/UPLC technology and utilization, as well as developments of exploratory new materials and equipment. The book presents useful details about the presented subjects as well as describes new applications and/or relevant case studies for each subject. It is addressed to a large audience of analytical chemists involved in separation science. Each chapter is authored by scientists with considerable field and academic experience.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recent Advances in Chemical Kinetics provides a comprehensive overview of several types of chemical reactions. It includes six chapters that discuss solvent catalysis, customized flow reactors, p-conjugation in kinetics, kinetics of autoxidation, molecular chameleon for cations and anions, and internal clocks of atoms.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Redox reactions are involved in biochemistry, energy, corrosion, and much more. In both biology and electrochemistry, the redox reaction is complex and varied. For example, redox shuttles in supercapacitors show aspects of molecular electrochemistry applied to electrode porosity. In pseudocapacitors, the formalism associated with their electrochemical response requires investigation and formalism. Similarly, the simple definition of redox potential opens fundamental questions about its measurement in solutions without supporting salts. This book illustrates the variety of redox reactions in its examination of the importance of redox molecules in the development of new electrical energy storage devices.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We are living in a critical time, both for humanity and the planet, which has led us to look for more sustainable formulas to interact with the environment. One of the important changes in the design and operation of chemical processes is the search for environmentally friendly technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been revealed as a promising environmentally friendly solvent that is energy efficient, selective and capable of reducing waste, making it a promising alternative to conventional organic solvents. However, reliable and versatile mathematical models of phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide in process design and viability studies. This book reviews experimental procedures for obtaining high-pressure phase equilibria data and describes the phase diagrams of binary mixtures and some thermodynamic models capable of determining the conditions of phase equilibria at high pressures. These concepts are applied to the components of the transesterification reaction of rac-2-pentanol with a vinyl ester, which is important in the pharmaceutical industry because (S)-2-pentanol can be obtained as a reaction product. This product is a key intermediate in the synthesis of drugs against Alzheimer’s disease.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent decades, artificial porous structures have attracted increasing enthusiasm from researchers inspired by the fascinating molecular pores in nature and their unique biological functions. Although substantial achievements in porous materials have been realized, the construction of topologically designed pores is still challenging. Recently, the emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed based on organic and polymer chemistry, has made it possible to design artificial pores with controlled pore size, topology and interface properties. COFs are crystalline porous materials constructed by the precise reticulation of organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds. Distinct from non-covalent interactions which tend to produce isostructures, covalent bonds enable accurate pore design owing to their predetermined reaction pathways. In addition, the appropriate polycondensation of organic building units enables the formation of extended two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) polymer architectures with periodically ordered skeletons and well-defined pores. With their large surface area, tailorable structures, and tunable chemistry, COFs are regarded as potentially superior candidates for various applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, mass transport and biotechnology. This book examines the historic achievement of COFs, providing clear and comprehensive guidance for researchers on their structural design, synthetic protocols and functional exploration.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fluoride covers a continuum of topics that are frequently studied in the broad area of fluoride (F) research. It provides an overview of the primary sources of environmental fluoride in typical high-fluoride environments and demonstrates the transitions and transformations that emerge and culminate in hydro-geochemical interactions that result in fluoride-fouling of large portions of the world’s water and agricultural resources. This way, the book pinpoints the connection between F enrichment of water sources and the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in certain areas of the world. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the global fluoride problem, new fluoride detection and quantification technologies are proposed with an in-depth analysis of emerging trends in the use of portable user-friendly devices in point-of-use measurements of water fluoride. This has been presented against the backdrop of a robust overview of traditional fluoride quantification methodologies that are still in wide application among the scientific communities. In addressing fluoride toxicities, which are not limited to dental and skeletal dilapidations, the authors have explored the role of natural antioxidants in ameliorating physiological fluoride-induced noxious effects in mammalian systems. Nonetheless, since community dependence on high-fluoride water due to a lack of alternative clean water sources remains to be the principal pathway of human fluoride over-exposure, a review chapter on F mitigation techniques applied all over the world is incorporated aiming at providing a succinct overview of water defluoridation techniques and strategies being used to combat the impacts of human F overexposure around the globe. Since every cloud has a silvery lining, the possibility of using ammonium fluorides as a novel reagent in mineral processing has been considered convenient industrial fluorinating agents, which present the possibility of complete regeneration that is not afforded by the reagents presently used in decomposing silicon component of the ores.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses the chemistry and applications of pyridine derivatives. The library of pyridine derivatives is growing steadily with numerous synthetic analogues already described and the identification of new, naturally occurring pyridine-based compounds. The book includes ten chapters organized into two parts. The first part focuses on the numerous types of reactions that arise from pyridine derivatives. The second part examines the pharmaceutical applications of pyridine derivatives as well as their usefulness as sensors for metal cations and extracting agents for platinum group metals.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book discusses multiple issues associated with modern dosimetry in physics and treatment planning and how investigators from diverse world centers and institutions approach problem-solving in these important areas. It examines topics including pretreatment validation and factors affecting reference dosimetry. It also addresses unique issues affecting pediatric populations as well as the modern role of thermoluminescence validation. Several chapters discuss intensity modulation, including defining modern problems associated with both treatment planning and the definition of tumor and normal tissue contours. Furthermore, the book examines the role of imaging as both a vehicle to define tumor targets and normal tissue as well as a tool for dose validation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRL Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry and radiation
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book comprises 14 chapters covering all the issues related to water desalination. These chapters emphasize the relationship between problems encountered with the use of feed water, the processes developed to address them, the operation of the required plants and solutions actually implemented. This compendium will assist designers, engineers and investigators to select the process and plant configuration that are most appropriate for the particular feed water to be used, for the geographic region considered, as well as for the characteristics required of the treated water produced. This survey offers a comprehensive, hierarchical and logical assessment of the entire desalination industry. It starts with the worldwide scarcity of water and energy, continues with the thermal - and membrane-based processes and, finally, presents the design and operation of large and small desalination plants. As such, it covers all the scientific, technological and economical aspects of this critical industry, not disregarding its environmental and social points of view. One of InTech's books has received widespread praise across a number of key publications. Desalination, Trends and Technologies (Ed. Schorr, M. 2011) has been reviewed in Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology – the official magazine for the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, and Taylor & Francis's Desalination Publications. Praised for its “multi-faceted content [which] contributes to enrich it,” and described as “an essential companion...[that] enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the desalination industry,” this book is testament to the quality improvements we have been striving towards over the last twelve months.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) is a voluntary international partnership that promotes methane recovery and reuse activities in developing and transition economies. The U.S. Department of State requested an evaluation of the activities and outcomes supported in whole or in part by its contributions to GMI to gauge its value added to the program.
    Keywords: Physics ; Environmental Science ; Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Progress in agricultural, biomedical and industrial applications' is a compilation of recent advances and developments in gas chromatography and its applications. The chapters cover various aspects of applications ranging from basic biological, biomedical applications to industrial applications. Book chapters analyze new developments in chromatographic columns, microextraction techniques, derivatisation techniques and pyrolysis techniques. The book also includes several aspects of basic chromatography techniques and is suitable for both young and advanced chromatographers. It includes some new developments in chromatography such as multidimensional chromatography, inverse chromatography and some discussions on two-dimensional chromatography. The topics covered include analysis of volatiles, toxicants, indoor air, petroleum hydrocarbons, organometallic compounds and natural products. The chapters were written by experts from various fields and clearly assisted by simple diagrams and tables. This book is highly recommended for chemists as well as non-chemists working in gas chromatography.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for energy, water electrolysis, water treatment, CO2 conversion, and green chemistry. It reviews various electrocatalysts and their properties and electrochemical performances. The first section of the book covers topics in direct alcohol fuel cells including Pt-based electrocatalysts as non-carbon electrode support materials and the development of electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. The second section of the book covers various topics in electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for a cleaner environment, including electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to valuable products and SYNGAS, electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, and much more.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Surfactants are ubiquitous and have applications in diverse areas, including food, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and targeted drug delivery systems. Their wide diversity of applications owes to their unique structure, namely, a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group present in the same molecule. Although most surfactants used industrially are synthetic, there is a growing need for natural surfactants, as the latter is obtainable from renewable sources and are less toxic and highly biodegradable in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. This book is a compilation of interesting articles by various experts that cover various applications of both synthetic and natural surfactants.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRC Colloid chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The chemical sensor plays an essential role in the fields of environmental conservation and monitoring, disaster and disease prevention, and industrial analysis. A typical chemical sensor is a device that transforms chemical information in a selective and reversible way, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to total composition analysis, into an analytically useful signal. Much research work has been performed to achieve a chemical sensor with such excellent qualities as quick response, low cost, small size, superior sensitivity, good reversibility and selectivity, and excellent detection limit. This book introduces the latest advances on chemical sensors. It consists of 15 chapters composed by the researchers active in the field of chemical sensors, and is divided into 5 sections according to the classification following the principles of signal transducer. This collection of up-to-date information and the latest research progress on chemical sensor will provide valuable references and learning materials for all those working in the field of chemical sensors.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Distillation is an important separation technique that has been used for many centuries to exploit the volatility differences between components in a mixture. The distillation process has many variations and applications. This book includes two sections on desalination and reactive distillation. It discusses desalination in the processes of solar and membrane distillation, with a focus on the reduction of energy costs to obtain potable water. It also discusses reactive distillation, which can be used in some cases to reduce the power duty in the separation process by using the reaction heat directly in the separation. The book includes cases of mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization of the distillation process.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have attracted great interest from the research community as well as industries in an array of sectors because of their unique structural features. This book provides a comprehensive overview of CDs, beginning with their historical background. Chapters address such topics as the structure and physiochemical properties of CDs, advancements in the field, and potential applications of these materials in fields such as drug delivery and sensing. This book reveals new frontiers in the CD world and is a useful resource for organic, analytical, and supramolecular chemists as well as scientists engaged in biological and material sciences.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book presents a comprehensive overview of sorption, which is a multi-parametric separation process. It is extensively used in the removal of various pollutants from the tertiary stage of wastewater treatment, from leachates, etc. It discusses fundamental points of the technique as well as kinetic theories and isotherms. It also examines the synthesis and characterizations of all studied adsorbent materials to find their paths of sorption. Finally, it highlights the importance of having a cost-estimation plan for the synthesis of sorbent materials as well as predictions for their reusability.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRX Surface chemistry and adsorption
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carotenoids are natural and versatile secondary metabolites, most of them showing colours that vary from yellow to red. They are widespread among living beings where they are involved in many biological roles reporting beneficial actions. To date, more than 750 carotenoids have been described in nature. Humans cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, thus they are mainly obtained through diet. In fact, carotenoids are consistently found in tissues or biological fluids where they play a beneficial decreasing the risk of developing some diseases.During the last half-century, significant advances in carotenoids research have been made. This book highlights new perspectives and applications of carotenoids including characterization and isolation of new compounds (including rare carotenoids), their production at a mid-large scale (involving new innovative approaches), and uses of carotenoids in different biotechnological fields like food science, biomedicine, and cosmetics.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Infrared Spectroscopy - Perspectives and Applications is a compendium of contributions from experts in the field of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This assembly of investigations and reviews provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals as well as the groundbreaking applications in the field. Chapters discuss IR spectroscopy applications in the food and biomedicine sectors and for measuring transport through polymer membranes, characterizing lignocellulosic biomasses, detecting adulterants, and characterizing enamel surface advancements. This book is an invaluable resource and reference for students, researchers, and other interested readers.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry::PNFS Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in LeClerc, H., Tompsett, G., Paulsen, A., McKenna, A., Niles, S., Reddy, C., Nelson, R., Cheng, F., Teixeira, A., & Timko, M. Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel. IScience, 25(9), (2022): 104916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916.
    Description: Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.
    Description: This work was funded by the DOE Bioenergy Technology Office (DE-EE0008513), a DOE DBIR (DE-SC0015784) and the MassCEC. The authors thank WenWen Yao, Department of Environmental Science at WPI, for TOC analysis, Mainstream Engineering for heating value characterization of the oil and solid samples, Wei Fan for assistance in obtaining SEM images and, Julia Martin and Ronald Grimm for their assistance in collecting XPS data, and Jeffrey R. Page for his assistance with oil upgrading and analysis. HOL was partially funded for this work by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship award number 2038257. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Ion Cyclotron Resonance user facility, which is supported by the NSF Division of Materials Research and Division of Chemistry through DMR 16-44779 and the State of Florida.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Catalysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Identifcation of ontogenetic age classes plays an important role in the felds of zoology, palaeontology and archaeology, where accurate age classifcations of (sub)fossil remains are a crucial component for the reconstruction \nof past life. Textural ageing\xe2\x80\x94the identifcation of age-related bone surface textures\xe2\x80\x94provides a size-independent \nmethod for age assessment of vertebrate material. However, most of the work so far is limited to qualitative results. \nWhile qualitative approaches provide helpful insights on textural ageing patterns, they are heavily subject to observer \nbias and fall short of quantitative data relevant for detailed statistical analyses and cross-comparisons. Here, we present a pilot study on the application of 3D surface digital microscopy to quantify bone surface textures on the long \nbones of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) using internationally verifed \nroughness parameters. Using a standardised measuring protocol, computed roughness values show a strong correlation with qualitative descriptions of textural patterns. Overall, higher roughness values correspond to increased numbers of grooves and pits and vice versa. Most of the roughness parameters allowed distinguishing between diferent \nontogenetic classes and closely followed the typical sigmoidal animal growth curve. Our results show that bone \ntexture quantifcation is a feasible approach to identifying ontogenetic age classes.
    Keywords: General Physics and Astronomy ; General Environmental Science ; General Biochemistry ; Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Materials Science ; General Chemistry ; Roughness ; Surfaces ; Taphonomy ; Topography ; Bone ; Ontogeny ; Digital microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemiebezogene Kompetenzen werden bereits im Sachunterricht der Grundschule entwickelt und sollen im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die chemiebezogenen Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Übergangsphase zwischen Sachunterricht und Chemieunterricht zu analysieren. In einer Ergänzungsstudie wurden zusätzlich sowohl die Auswirkungen der Schulschließungen aufgrund der SARS-CoV-II Pandemie auf die Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler als auch der Einfluss einer veränderten Testadministration untersucht. Insgesamt wurden die Kompetenzen von 2262 Lernenden der Jahrgangsstufen 5 bis 9 zu drei Messzeitpunkten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die chemiebezogenen Kompetenzen sowohl zum Ende der Grundschulzeit als auch zu Beginn des Chemieunterrichts über alle Kompetenzbereiche hinweg sehr heterogen ausfallen. Dennoch sind sie zu Beginn des Chemieunterrichts in einigen Kompetenzbereichen höher ausgeprägt als zum Ende der Grundschulzeit. Nach den pandemiebedingten Schulschließungen waren die Kompetenzen ähnlich ausgeprägt wie in den gleichen Jahrgangsstufen vor den Schulschließungen. Eine während der Schulschließungen notwendige Bearbeitung der Testhefte von zu Hause aus führte vor allem bei den jüngeren Schülerinnen und Schülern zu besseren Testergebnissen als die Bearbeitung in der Schule. Um die Entwicklung chemiebezogener Kompetenzen in der Übergangsphase zu optimieren, sollte der Erwerb dieser Kompetenzen bereits im Sachunterricht einheitlicher gestaltet werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2005, the hybrid model was published by Prof. H.-D. Alber and Prof. P. Zhu as an alternative to the Allen-Cahn model for the description of phase field transformations. With low interfacial energy, it is more efficient, since the resolution of the diffuse interface is numerically broader for the same solution accuracy and allows coarser meshing. The solutions of both models are associated with energy minimisation and in this work the error terms introduced in the earlier publications are discussed and documented using one and two dimensional numerical simulations. In the last part of this book, phase field problems, initially not coupled with material equations, are combined with linear elasticity and, after simple introductory examples, a growing martensitic inclusion is simulated and compared with literature data. In addition to the confirmed numerical advantage, another phenomenon not previously described in the literature is found: with the hybrid model, in contrast to the examples calculated with the Allen-Cahn model, an inclusion driven mainly by curvature energy does not disappear completely. The opposite problem prevents inclusions from growing from very small initial configurations, but this fact can be remedied by a very finely chosen diffuse interface width and by analysing and adjusting the terms that generate the modelling errors. The last example shows that the hybrid model can be used with numerical advantages despite the above mentioned peculiarities.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren ist laut den nationalen Bildungsstandards sowie den Lehrplänen im Fach Chemie ein wichtiger Bestandteil der naturwissenschaftlichen Schulbildung. Offene Experimentierformen sind jedoch wenig etabliert. Um das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren in die Unterrichtspraxis zu implementieren, wurde im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojekts eine eintägige Lehrkräftefortbildung zur Konzeption von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten im Chemieunterricht durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein literaturbasiertes Strukturierungskonzept entwickelt, mit dem die Lehrkräfte kochbuchartige Schulversuche zu selbstgesteuerten und kompetenzorientierten Experimenten mit beliebigen Öffnungsgraden modifizieren können. Begleitend zur Fortbildung wurde im Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design das fachdidaktische Wissen der Teilnehmenden hinsichtlich der Planung von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten empirisch überprüft. Zur Erfassung dieses Konstrukts wurde ein neues Messinstrument literaturbasiert entwickelt und die Güte des Messinstruments evaluiert. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die Fortbildung hinsichtlich des fachdidaktischen Wissens der Lehrkräfte kurz- sowie langfristig lernförderlich ist und die Fortbildung von den Teilnehmenden positiv bewertet wird. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse sowie die Validierungsstudie zeigen, dass der Test sowohl reliabel als auch valide ist. In Folgestudien könnte die langfristige Verhaltensänderung der Lehrkräfte bezüglich der Implementierung des selbstgesteuerten Experimentierens in den Unterricht untersucht werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Konsumgüter werden beispielsweise mit Slogans wie "Gut in Bio. Schlecht in Chemie." beworben. Dabei wird intendiert, sich gezielt von "Chemie" abzugrenzen und sich das positive Bild von "Natur" zu Nutze zu machen. Dies prägt die öffentliche Meinung und trägt zu einer antagonistisch-wertenden Sicht von "Chemie" und "Natur" bei. Dass Chemie als Naturwissenschaft der Beschreibung der Natur dient, um deren Stoffe und Stoffumwandlungen zu erklären, ist dem Laien selten bewusst. Chemie findet überall statt, insbesondere in der Natur! Genau an diesem Punkt setzt das Unterrichtskonzept "Chemie Pur - Unterrichten in der Naturglqq an. Ziel ist es, im Freiland, mit direkt vor Ort gewonnenen Naturstoffen, Umweltprozesse experimentell zu erarbeiten. Die projektbegleitende Evaluationsstudie stellte sich der Forschungsfrage, wie sich das Unterrichtskonzept auf das Fach- und Sachinteresse, auf die Naturverbundenheit sowie auf die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe II auswirkt. Die Auswertung der Fragebogenergebnisse mit latenten Veränderungsmodellen haben gezeigt, dass die Intervention im Freiland das inhaltsbezogene Sachinteresse steigert und die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur positiv beeinflusst sowie ein erhöhten Fachwissenszuwachs ermöglicht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können die Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Evaluation von good-practice-Ansätzen naturwissenschaftlicher Lernsituationen bilden. Das Unterrichtskonzept Chemie Pur leistet zudem einen Beitrag im Bereich Outdoor Education, um den Antagonismus von Chemie und Natur zu verringern.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The original 1818 text of Mary Shelley's classic novel, with annotations and essays highlighting its scientific, ethical, and cautionary aspects. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein has endured in the popular imagination for two hundred years. Begun as a ghost story by an intellectually and socially precocious eighteen-year-old author during a cold and rainy summer on the shores of Lake Geneva, the dramatic tale of Victor Frankenstein and his stitched-together creature can be read as the ultimate parable of scientific hubris. Victor, “the modern Prometheus,” tried to do what he perhaps should have left to Nature: create life. Although the novel is most often discussed in literary-historical terms—as a seminal example of romanticism or as a groundbreaking early work of science fiction—Mary Shelley was keenly aware of contemporary scientific developments and incorporated them into her story. In our era of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and climate engineering, this edition of Frankenstein will resonate forcefully for readers with a background or interest in science and engineering, and anyone intrigued by the fundamental questions of creativity and responsibility. This edition of Frankenstein pairs the original 1818 version of the manuscript—meticulously line-edited and amended by Charles E. Robinson, one of the world's preeminent authorities on the text—with annotations and essays by leading scholars exploring the social and ethical aspects of scientific creativity raised by this remarkable story. The result is a unique and accessible edition of one of the most thought-provoking and influential novels ever written. Essays by Elizabeth Bear, Cory Doctorow, Heather E. Douglas, Josephine Johnston, Kate MacCord, Jane Maienschein, Anne K. Mellor, Alfred Nordmann
    Keywords: science fiction ; gothic ; horror ; European ; British ; literature ; fiction ; cautionary tale ; STEM ; science ; bioethics ; classic ; bicentennial ; Josephine Johnston ; Cory Doctorow ; Jane Maienschein ; Kate MacCord ; Alfred Nordmann ; Elizabeth Bear ; Anne K. Mellor ; Heather E. Douglas ; Frankenstein ; Creature ; Monster ; Mary Shelley ; Makers ; women in science ; science and anti-science ; values in science ; responsible innovation ; Industrial Revolution ; Mary Wollstonecraft ; William Godwin ; Percy Bysshe Shelley ; Galvanism ; Mount Tambora ; Myths ; Two Cultures ; epistolary novel ; Victor Frankenstein ; Geneva ; Prometheus ; Arctic ; Lord Byron ; John Polidori ; ghost stories ; Revisions ; Electricity ; Lightning ; Vitalism ; Chemistry ; Extinction ; Magnetism ; Moral responsibility ; Legal responsibility ; Social responsibility ; Consequences ; Obligations ; Ethics ; Maker Culture ; DIY ; Technology Adjacent Possible ; Facebook ; Surveillance ; Aristotle ; Fetal development ; Epigenesis ; Embryo ; Person ; Technoscience ; Alchemy ; uncanny valley ; animation ; complexity ; Morality ; Monstrosity ; Christianity ; Otherness ; Gender ; Nature ; Domestic Affections ; Women ; Sexuality ; Technical Sweetness ; Los Alamos ; Trinity Test ; Scientific Responsibility ; Nuclear Weapons ; adjacent possible ; synthetic biology ; robotics ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items::FB Fiction: general and literary::FBC Classic fiction: general and literary ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items::FL Science fiction::FLC Classic science fiction
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: When auralizing moving sound sources in Virtual Reality (VR) environments, the two main input parameters are the location and radiated signal of the source. An array measurement-based model is developed to characterize moving sound sources regarding the two parameters in this thesis. This model utilizes beamforming, i.e. delay and sum beamforming (DSB) and compressive beamforming (CB) to obtain the locations and signals of moving sound sources. A spiral and a pseudorandom microphone array are designed for DSB and CB, respectively, to yield good localization ability and meet the requirement of CB. The de-Dopplerization technique is incorporated in the time-domain DSB to address moving source problems. Time-domain transfer functions (TDTFs) are calculated in terms of the spatial locations within the steering window of the moving source. TDTFs then form the sensing matrix of CB, thus allowing CB to solve moving source problem. DSB and CB are further extended to localize moving sound sources, and the reconstructed signals from the beamforming outputs are investigated to obtain the source signals. Moreover, localization and signal reconstruction are evaluated through varying parameters in the beamforming procedures, i.e. steering position, steering window length and source speed for a moving periodic signal using DSB, and regularization parameter, signal to noise ratio (SNR), steering window length, source speed, array to source motion trajectory and mismatch for a moving engine signal using CB. The parameter studies show guidelines of parameter selection based on the given situations in this thesis for modeling moving source using beamforming. Both algorithms are able to reconstruct the moving signals in the given scenarios. Although CB outperforms DSB in terms of signal reconstruction under particular conditions, the localization abilities of the two algorithms are quite similar. The practicability of the model has been applied on pass-by measurements of a moving loudspeaker using the designed arrays, and the results can match the conclusions drawn above from simulations. Finally, a framework on how to apply the model for moving source auralization is proposed.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuere Erkenntnisse zum Umsatzverhalten an Dieseloxidationskatalysatoren (DOCs) zeigen, dass das Umsatzverhalten von Schadstoffen vom Oxidationsgrad der verwendeten Edelmetallkatalysatoren abhängen kann. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich der Oxidationsgrad bei typischen Abgaszusammensetzungen langsam und reversibel mit der Katalysatortemperatur ändert. Das kann bei periodischen Katalysatortemperaturänderungen zu einem ausgeprägten Hystereseverhalten führen. Bisherige Ergebnisse liegen insbesondere zum Verhalten der NO-Oxidation an Platin-Katalysatoren vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, die Untersuchungen auf seriennahe Pd- und PtPd-Mischkatalysatoren sowie auf andere abgastypische Schadstoffe, wie CO und Kohlenwasserstoffe, zu erweitern und dabei auch den Einfluss der Katalysatoralterung zu erfassen. Es wurde ein globalkinetisches Modell entwickelt und an die experimentellen Befunde angepasst. Dabei zeigte sich, dass es in der Regel möglich ist, das Umsatzverhalten bei reinen Pt- und Pd-Katalysatoren mit diesem örtlich eindimensionalen, makrokinetischen Zweiphasenmodell zutreffend zu beschreiben, wohingegen das Verhalten auf Pt/Pd-Mischkatalysatoren weniger gut simuliert werden kann. Dies ist vermutlich auf die heterogene Struktur der Pt/Pd-legierten Partikel zurückzuführen.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Chemical & Biochemical ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: German
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
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  • 44
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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  • 45
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Hydroxyapatite coatings are of great importance in the biological and biomedical coatings fields, especially in the current era of nanotechnology and bioapplications. With a bonelike structure that promotes osseointegration, hydroxyapatite coating can be applied to otherwise bioinactive implants to make their surface bioactive, thus achieving faster healing and recovery. In addition to applications in orthopedic and dental implants, this coating can also be used in drug delivery. Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications explores developments in the processing and property characterization and applications of hydroxyapatite to provide timely information for active researchers and newcomers alike. In eight carefully reviewed chapters, hydroxyapatite experts from the United States, Japan, Singapore, and China present the latest on topics ranging from deposition processes to biomedical applications in implants and drug delivery. This book discusses: Magnetron sputtering and electrochemical deposition The modification of hydroxyapatite properties by sol–gel deposition to incorporate other elements found in natural bones, such as zinc, magnesium, and fluorine The use of pure hydroxyapatite in drug delivery applications The growth or self-assembly of hydroxyapatite on shape memory alloy Hydroxyapatite composite coatings—with carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and others—on the titanium alloy Offering valuable insights and a wealth of data, including numerous tables and figures, this is a rich source of information for research on hydroxyapatite coatings. Each chapter also covers material that provides an accessible stepping stone for those who are new to the field.
    Keywords: Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; Chemistry ; Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nanofibers, particularly those of a carbonaceous content, have received increased interest in the past two decades due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics and their possibility to form and contribute towards a plethora of potentially advantageous materials for consumer, industrial and medical applications. Despite this, and together with the numerous research studies and published articles that have sought to investigate these aspects, the potential impact of CNTs is still not understood. Whether or not nanofibers may be able to provide a sophisticated alternative to conventional materials is still debatable, whilst their effects upon both environmental and human health are highly equivocal. How nanofibers are conceived can determine how they may interact with different environments, such as the human body. Understanding each key step of the synthesis and production of nanofibers to their use within potential applications is therefore essential in gaining an insight into how they may be perceived by any biological system and environment. Thus, obtaining such information will enable all scientific communities to begin to realize the potential advantages posed by nanofibers. The aim of this Special Issue therefore, was to provide a collective overview of nanofibers; ‘from synthesis to application’. The Issue particularly focuses upon carbon-based nanofibers, but also highlights alternative nanofiber types. Emphasis is given holistically, with articles discussing the production routes of nanofibers, their plight during their life-cycle (origin to applied form and effects over time), as well as how nanofibers could either incite conflict, or provide aid to human and environmental health.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Material Science ; Nanofibers ; Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a "Golden Era" during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry ; Fritz Haber Institute ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Chemie büßt zugunsten physikalischer und lebenswissenschaftlicher Konzeptionen zunehmend an Deutungsmacht über die molekulare Welt ein. Sandra Lang untersucht, inwiefern die Ausdifferenzierung der chemischen Wissenschaften mit sich ebenfalls ausdifferenzierenden Zugriffen auf das Molekulare zusammenhängt. Anhand der vier exemplarischen Grenzfelder Materialwissenschaften, Biomedizin, Pharmazie und Quantenchemie und deren Narrative zur molekularen Eigenschaft der Chiralität veranschaulicht sie die transformative Phase der Chemie angesichts sich wandelnder Innovationsdispositive.
    Keywords: Chemie ; Chiralität ; Molekülkonzept ; Naturwissenschaften ; Grenzarbeit ; Interdisziplinarität ; Hybridität ; Wissenschaft ; Technik ; Wissenschaftssoziologie ; Techniksoziologie ; Wissenssoziologie ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Soziologie ; Chemistry ; Chirality ; Molecule Concept ; Natural Sciences ; Border Work ; Interdisciplinarity ; Hybridity ; Science ; Technology ; Sociology of Science ; Sociology of Technology ; Sociology of Knowledge ; History of Science ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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  • 50
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Presents technologies and key concepts to produce suitable smart materials and intelligent structures for sensing, information and communication technology, biomedical applications (drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy), self-healing, flexible memories and construction technologies. Novel developments of environmental friendly, cost-effective and scalable production processes are discussed by experts in the field.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Industrial & Technical ; Technology & Engineering ; Textiles & Polymers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 52
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Comprise definition of 1500 terms. Innovation from A to Z presents a glossary, including: Terms, older terms whose meanings have changed, acronyms, synonyms, famous names, selected abbreviations, and cross-references. A highly interdisciplinary approach incorporating strategy and entrepreneurship with technology and engineering sciences, economics, marketing, organizational behavior and theory. Ideal for engineers, managers, sales people and economists. Innovation Technology from A to Z Glossary of terms, including acronyms, synonyms, abbreviations, cross-references 1500 terms supplemented by figures and tables that clearly demonstrate the state-of-the-art in Innovation Technology
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Coimbra University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This work brings together various contributions from experts in very diverse areas of knowledge, to discuss the theme ‘Light’ from various points of view. The subjects gathered in this work come from the areas of Physics, Philosophy, Transcendence, Chemistry, Optics, Literature, History of Sciences, History, Geography, International Relations, Biology, Psychology, Art, Cinema and Photography, Medicine and Museology. The texts partially reflect the contents presented at the interdisciplinary colloquium ‘Visões da Luz’ held in October 2015, on the occasion of the International Year of Light 2015, under the aegis of III-UC and open to academia and society, to teachers of the Basic and Secondary Education.
    Keywords: Geography ; Chemistry ; Literature ; Geology ; Light ; Optics ; Biology ; History ; Physics
    Language: Portuguese
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*methods ; Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer/veterinary ; Fallopian Tubes/cytology ; Female ; Japan ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spear, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1999-2000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. p-spear@nwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Dystroglycans ; Humans ; Laminin/metabolism ; Lassa Fever/*virology ; Lassa virus/*metabolism ; Leprosy/*microbiology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mycobacterium leprae/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Schwann Cells/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abramson, P R -- Pinkerton, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, M W -- Stiefel, E I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. adams@bmb.uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Clostridium/*enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penney, B K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1992-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Insect ; Longevity ; Nematoda/*genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1972-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA, Helminth/chemistry/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Helminth ; Genetic Techniques ; *Genome ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Male ; *Mutation ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1200-1, 1203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10484727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Chromatin/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Methylation ; *Mitosis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collignon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; *Gammaretrovirus/immunology ; Humans ; Retroviridae Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; *Swine/virology ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Electrodes, Implanted ; *Electronics ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Nervous System Diseases/*therapy ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Silicon ; *Transistors, Electronic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, C -- Erbisch, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):33-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biotechnology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Patents as Topic ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):723, 725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10336390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: Notch signaling defines an evolutionarily ancient cell interaction mechanism, which plays a fundamental role in metazoan development. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch receptor can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Thus, Notch signals control how cells respond to intrinsic or extrinsic developmental cues that are necessary to unfold specific developmental programs. Notch activity affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation, and apoptotic programs, providing a general developmental tool to influence organ formation and morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Artavanis-Tsakonas, S -- Rand, M D -- Lake, R J -- NS26084/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):770-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Communication ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Notch ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crow, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1651-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jfcrow@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *GTPase-Activating Proteins ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: The lack of an adequate hominid fossil record in eastern Africa between 2 and 3 million years ago (Ma) has hampered investigations of early hominid phylogeny. Discovery of 2.5 Ma hominid cranial and dental remains from the Hata beds of Ethiopia's Middle Awash allows recognition of a new species of Australopithecus. This species is descended from Australopithecus afarensis and is a candidate ancestor for early Homo. Contemporary postcranial remains feature a derived humanlike humeral/femoral ratio and an apelike upper arm-to-lower arm ratio.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asfaw, B -- White, T -- Lovejoy, O -- Latimer, B -- Simpson, S -- Suwa, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):629-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rift Valley Research Service, Post Office Box 5717, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bones of Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Leg Bones/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Terminology as Topic ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1826-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/cytology/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*therapy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1265-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*enzymology ; Brain/*enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Racemases and Epimerases/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Serine/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Synapses/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Ran, a small guanosine triphosphatase, is suggested to have additional functions beyond its well-characterized role in nuclear trafficking. Guanosine triphosphate-bound Ran, but not guanosine diphosphate-bound Ran, stimulated polymerization of astral microtubules from centrosomes assembled on Xenopus sperm. Moreover, a Ran allele with a mutation in the effector domain (RanL43E) induced the formation of microtubule asters and spindle assembly, in the absence of sperm nuclei, in a gammaTuRC (gamma-tubulin ring complex)- and XMAP215 (Xenopus microtubule associated protein)-dependent manner. Therefore, Ran could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilde, A -- Zheng, Y -- GM56312-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1359-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Extracts ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Centrosome/physiology ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Dyneins/physiology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ovum ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Sperm Head/physiology ; Spindle Apparatus/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tubulin/analysis/metabolism ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins ; ran GTP-Binding Protein
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: Polypeptides emerging from the ribosome must fold into stable three-dimensional structures and maintain that structure throughout their functional lifetimes. Maintaining quality control over protein structure and function depends on molecular chaperones and proteases, both of which can recognize hydrophobic regions exposed on unfolded polypeptides. Molecular chaperones promote proper protein folding and prevent aggregation, and energy-dependent proteases eliminate irreversibly damaged proteins. The kinetics of partitioning between chaperones and proteases determines whether a protein will be destroyed before it folds properly. When both quality control options fail, damaged proteins accumulate as aggregates, a process associated with amyloid diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickner, S -- Maurizi, M R -- Gottesman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1888-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Animals ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Prions/metabolism ; Prokaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):14-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-B/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: Infection of macaques with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) provides an excellent in vivo model for examining the influence of envelope on HIV-1 pathogenesis. Infection with a pathogenic CCR5 (R5)-specific enveloped virus, SHIVSF162P, was compared with infection with the CXCR4 (X4)-specific SHIVSF33A.2. Despite comparable levels of viral replication, animals infected with the R5 and X4 SHIV had distinct pathogenic outcomes. SHIVSF162P caused a dramatic loss of CD4+ intestinal T cells followed by a gradual depletion in peripheral CD4+ T cells, whereas infection with SHIVSF33A.2 caused a profound loss in peripheral T cells that was not paralleled in the intestine. These results suggest a critical role of co-receptor utilization in viral pathogenesis and provide a reliable in vivo model for preclinical examination of HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutic agents in the context of the HIV-1 envelope protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harouse, J M -- Gettie, A -- Tan, R C -- Blanchard, J -- Cheng-Mayer, C -- AI41945/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA72822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041945/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA072822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*virology ; Animals ; *CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Chimera ; Colon/immunology ; HIV-1/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Jejunum/immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Reassortant Viruses ; Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/*metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Precursors of alpha-defensin peptides require activation for bactericidal activity. In mouse small intestine, matrilysin colocalized with alpha-defensins (cryptdins) in Paneth cell granules, and in vitro it cleaved the pro segment from cryptdin precursors. Matrilysin-deficient (MAT-/-) mice lacked mature cryptdins and accumulated precursor molecules. Intestinal peptide preparations from MAT-/- mice had decreased antimicrobial activity. Orally administered bacteria survived in greater numbers and were more virulent in MAT-/- mice than in MAT+/+ mice. Thus, matrilysin functions in intestinal mucosal defense by regulating the activity of defensins, which may be a common role for this metalloproteinase in its numerous epithelial sites of expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C L -- Ouellette, A J -- Satchell, D P -- Ayabe, T -- Lopez-Boado, Y S -- Stratman, J L -- Hultgren, S J -- Matrisian, L M -- Parks, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):113-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. wilson_c@kids.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cytoplasmic Granules/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology/immunology/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/enzymology/*immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paneth Cells/enzymology ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Tissue Extracts/pharmacology
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):572-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; Facial Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Paleodontology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: The antifungal defense of Drosophila is controlled by the spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. Here, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding a blood serine protease inhibitor, Spn43Ac, was shown to lead to constitutive expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin, and this effect was mediated by the spaetzle and Toll gene products. Spaetzle was cleaved by proteolytic enzymes to its active ligand form shortly after immune challenge, and cleaved Spaetzle was constitutively present in Spn43Ac-deficient flies. Hence, Spn43Ac negatively regulates the Toll signaling pathway, and Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor in the Drosophila host defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levashina, E A -- Langley, E -- Green, C -- Gubb, D -- Ashburner, M -- Hoffmann, J A -- Reichhart, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPR 9022 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, 15 Rue Rene Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*metabolism ; *Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Body Patterning ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/*immunology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics/immunology ; Genes, Insect ; Hemolymph/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Micrococcus luteus/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Serpins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Up-Regulation
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Dense genetic maps of human, mouse, and rat genomes that are based on coding genes and on microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers have been complemented by precise gene homolog alignment with moderate-resolution maps of livestock, companion animals, and additional mammal species. Comparative genetic assessment expands the utility of these maps in gene discovery, in functional genomics, and in tracking the evolutionary forces that sculpted the genome organization of modern mammalian species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Menotti-Raymond, M -- Murphy, W J -- Nash, W G -- Wienberg, J -- Stanyon, R -- Copeland, N G -- Jenkins, N A -- Womack, J E -- Marshall Graves, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):458-62, 479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Rodentia/genetics
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: To monitor changes in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor distribution in living neurons, the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). This protein (GluR1-GFP) was functional and was transiently expressed in hippocampal CA1 neurons. In dendrites visualized with two-photon laser scanning microscopy or electron microscopy, most of the GluR1-GFP was intracellular, mimicking endogenous GluR1 distribution. Tetanic synaptic stimulation induced a rapid delivery of tagged receptors into dendritic spines as well as clusters in dendrites. These postsynaptic trafficking events required synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and may contribute to the enhanced AMPA receptor-mediatedtransmission observed during long-term potentiation and activity-dependent synaptic maturation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, S H -- Hayashi, Y -- Petralia, R S -- Zaman, S H -- Wenthold, R J -- Svoboda, K -- Malinow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1811-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Long-Term Potentiation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Rats ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tetany
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Traditionally, the interest of population and evolutionary biologists in infectious diseases has been almost exclusively in their role as agents of natural selection in higher organisms. Recently, this interest has expanded to include the genetic structure and evolution of microparasite populations, the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the immune response, and the population biology, ecology, and evolutionary consequences of medical and public health interventions. This article describes recent work in these areas, emphasizing the ways in which quantitative, population-biological approaches have been contributing to the understanding of infectious disease and the design and evaluation of interventions for their treatment and prevention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levin, B R -- Lipsitch, M -- Bonhoeffer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Infection/immunology/*microbiology ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Parasites/genetics/physiology ; Parasitic Diseases/immunology/*parasitology ; Population Dynamics ; Vaccination ; Virus Physiological Phenomena
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 1999-08-28
    Description: Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a global transcriptional coactivator of human leukocyte antigen-D (HLA-D) genes. CIITA contains motifs similar to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. This report shows that CIITA binds GTP, and mutations in these motifs decrease its GTP-binding and transactivation activity. Substitution of these motifs with analogous sequences from Ras restores CIITA function. CIITA exhibits little GTPase activity, yet mutations in CIITA that confer GTPase activity reduce transcriptional activity. GTP binding by CIITA correlates with nuclear import. Thus, unlike other GTP-binding proteins, CIITA is involved in transcriptional activation that uses GTP binding to facilitate its own nuclear import.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harton, J A -- Cressman, D E -- Chin, K C -- Der, C J -- Ting, J P -- AI29564/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI41751/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45580/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1402-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Temperature ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected major taxa in the oceans. For closely monitored groups like corals and marine mammals, reports of the frequency of epidemics and the number of new diseases have increased recently. A dramatic global increase in the severity of coral bleaching in 1997-98 is coincident with high El Nino temperatures. Such climate-mediated, physiological stresses may compromise host resistance and increase frequency of opportunistic diseases. Where documented, new diseases typically have emerged through host or range shifts of known pathogens. Both climate and human activities may have also accelerated global transport of species, bringing together pathogens and previously unexposed host populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvell, C D -- Kim, K -- Burkholder, J M -- Colwell, R R -- Epstein, P R -- Grimes, D J -- Hofmann, E E -- Lipp, E K -- Osterhaus, A D -- Overstreet, R M -- Porter, J W -- Smith, G W -- Vasta, G R -- 1PO1 ES09563/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1505-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture ; *Climate ; Cnidaria ; *Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Humans ; Infection/epidemiology/*etiology/transmission/*veterinary ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Water Pollution
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: Natural antibodies are often dismissed from immunological analysis as "background," but they may play an important role in conferring immunity against infections. In antibody-free mice infected with various viruses or with Listeria monocytogenes, viral or bacterial titers in peripheral organs, including the kidney and brain, were 10 to 100 times greater than in antibody-competent mice (and enhanced their susceptibility to some infections), and titers in secondary lymphoid organs were 10 to 100 times lower than in antibody-competent mice. Thus, natural antibodies play a crucial role by preventing pathogen dissemination to vital organs and by improving immunogenicity through enhanced antigen-trapping in secondary lymphoid organs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochsenbein, A F -- Fehr, T -- Lutz, C -- Suter, M -- Brombacher, F -- Hengartner, H -- Zinkernagel, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; Bacterial Infections/*immunology/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin M/blood/*immunology ; Kidney/microbiology/virology ; Listeria monocytogenes/immunology/physiology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology/physiology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/microbiology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutralization Tests ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/immunology/virology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Spleen/microbiology/virology ; Vaccinia virus/immunology/physiology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/immunology/physiology ; Virus Diseases/*immunology/virology ; Virus Replication
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates potassium and chloride ion channels at the plasma membrane of guard cells, leading to stomatal closure that reduces transpirational water loss from the leaf. The tobacco Nt-SYR1 gene encodes a syntaxin that is associated with the plasma membrane. Syntaxins and related SNARE proteins aid intracellular vesicle trafficking, fusion, and secretion. Disrupting Nt-Syr1 function by cleavage with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin or competition with a soluble fragment of Nt-Syr1 prevents potassium and chloride ion channel response to ABA in guard cells and implicates Nt-Syr1 in an ABA-signaling cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leyman, B -- Geelen, D -- Quintero, F J -- Blatt, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of London, Wye College, Wye, Kent TN25 5AH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chloride Channels/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Plant Growth Regulators/*pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plants, Toxic ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology ; Xenopus
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic phenomena have major economic and medical relevance, and several, such as imprinting and paramutation, violate Mendelian principles. Recent discoveries link the recognition of nucleic acid sequence homology to the targeting of DNA methylation, chromosome remodeling, and RNA turnover. Although epigenetic mechanisms help to protect cells from parasitic elements, this defense can complicate the genetic manipulation of plants and animals. Essential for normal development, epigenetic controls become misdirected in cancer cells and other human disease syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolffe, A P -- Matzke, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):481-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Heath and Human Development, NIH, Building 18T, Room 106, Bethesda, MD 20892-5431, USA. awlme@helix.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Silencing ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genome ; Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉L'Heureux, N -- Germain, L -- Auger, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Engineering ; *Blood Vessels/physiology/transplantation ; *Culture Techniques ; Dogs ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is an 80-kilodalton protein that is critical for stabilizing contacts between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In CD2AP-deficient mice, immune function was compromised, but the mice died at 6 to 7 weeks of age from renal failure. In the kidney, CD2AP was expressed primarily in glomerular epithelial cells. Knockout mice exhibited defects in epithelial cell foot processes, accompanied by mesangial cell hyperplasia and extracellular matrix deposition. Supporting a role for CD2AP in the specialized cell junction known as the slit diaphragm, CD2AP associated with nephrin, the primary component of the slit diaphragm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shih, N Y -- Li, J -- Karpitskii, V -- Nguyen, A -- Dustin, M L -- Kanagawa, O -- Miner, J H -- Shaw, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):312-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Immunology and Department of Pathology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Basement Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Intercellular Junctions/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*congenital/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: Glutamatergic neurotransmission is controlled by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A subdomain in the intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail of group III mGluRs binds calmodulin and heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) betagamma subunits in a mutually exclusive manner. Mutations interfering with calmodulin binding and calmodulin antagonists inhibit G protein-mediated modulation of ionic currents by mGluR 7. Calmodulin antagonists also prevent inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission via presynaptic mGluRs. These results reveal a novel mechanism of presynaptic modulation in which Ca(2+)-calmodulin is required to release G protein betagamma subunits from the C-tail of group III mGluRs in order to mediate glutamatergic autoinhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connor, V -- El Far, O -- Bofill-Cardona, E -- Nanoff, C -- Freissmuth, M -- Karschin, A -- Airas, J M -- Betz, H -- Boehm, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1180-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Propionates/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sesterterpenes ; Signal Transduction ; Swine ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Terpenes/pharmacology
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Chlamydia infections are epidemiologically linked to human heart disease. A peptide from the murine heart muscle-specific alpha myosin heavy chain that has sequence homology to the 60-kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis was shown to induce autoimmune inflammatory heart disease in mice. Injection of the homologous Chlamydia peptides into mice also induced perivascular inflammation, fibrotic changes, and blood vessel occlusion in the heart, as well as triggering T and B cell reactivity to the homologous endogenous heart muscle-specific peptide. Chlamydia DNA functioned as an adjuvant in the triggering of peptide-induced inflammatory heart disease. Infection with C. trachomatis led to the production of autoantibodies to heart muscle-specific epitopes. Thus, Chlamydia-mediated heart disease is induced by antigenic mimicry of a heart muscle-specific protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bachmaier, K -- Neu, N -- de la Maza, L M -- Pal, S -- Hessel, A -- Penninger, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1335-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/immunology ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chlamydia/*immunology ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/*immunology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/immunology ; CpG Islands ; Humans ; Immunization ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocarditis/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Myocardium/immunology/pathology ; Myosin Heavy Chains/chemistry/*immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: Endoglin is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. Loss-of-function mutations in the human endoglin gene ENG cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT1), a disease characterized by vascular malformations. Here it is shown that by gestational day 11.5, mice lacking endoglin die from defective vascular development. However, in contrast to mice lacking TGF-beta, vasculogenesis was unaffected. Loss of endoglin caused poor vascular smooth muscle development and arrested endothelial remodeling. These results demonstrate that endoglin is essential for angiogenesis and suggest a pathogenic mechanism for HHT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, D Y -- Sorensen, L K -- Brooke, B S -- Urness, L D -- Davis, E C -- Taylor, D G -- Boak, B B -- Wendel, D P -- K08 HL03490-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T35 HL07744-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA. dean.li@hci.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD31/analysis ; Blood Vessels/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Crosses, Genetic ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/*embryology ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/*physiology ; Yolk Sac/ultrastructure
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolpoff, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10391795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*classification/genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 1999-07-20
    Description: Graft versus host disease, an alloimmune attack on host tissues mounted by donor T cells, is the most important toxicity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The mechanism by which allogeneic T cells are initially stimulated is unknown. In a murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model it was found that, despite the presence of numerous donor antigen-presenting cells, only host-derived antigen-presenting cells initiated graft versus host disease. Thus, strategies for preventing graft versus host disease could be developed that are based on inactivating host antigen-presenting cells. Such strategies could expand the safety and application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treatment of common genetic and neoplastic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shlomchik, W D -- Couzens, M S -- Tang, C B -- McNiff, J -- Robert, M E -- Liu, J -- Shlomchik, M J -- Emerson, S G -- P50HL-54516/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10411505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/*prevention & control ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; Transplantation Chimera
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: Imprinted genes display parent-of-origin-dependent monoallelic expression that apparently regulates complex mammalian traits, including growth and behavior. The Peg3 gene is expressed in embryos and the adult brain from the paternal allele only. A mutation in the Peg3 gene resulted in growth retardation, as well as a striking impairment of maternal behavior that frequently resulted in death of the offspring. This result may be partly due to defective neuronal connectivity, as well as reduced oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus, because mutant mothers were deficient in milk ejection. This study provides further insights on the evolution of epigenetic regulation of imprinted gene dosage in modulating mammalian growth and behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, L -- Keverne, E B -- Aparicio, S A -- Ishino, F -- Barton, S C -- Surani, M A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):330-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, and Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; *Genomic Imprinting ; *Growth ; Hypothalamus/cytology/metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Lactation ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oxytocin/metabolism ; Phenotype ; *Protein Kinases ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; *Weight Gain
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: A single kinesin molecule can move "processively" along a microtubule for more than 1 micrometer before detaching from it. The prevailing explanation for this processive movement is the "walking model," which envisions that each of two motor domains (heads) of the kinesin molecule binds coordinately to the microtubule. This implies that each kinesin molecule must have two heads to "walk" and that a single-headed kinesin could not move processively. Here, a motor-domain construct of KIF1A, a single-headed kinesin superfamily protein, was shown to move processively along the microtubule for more than 1 micrometer. The movement along the microtubules was stochastic and fitted a biased Brownian-movement model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Y -- Hirokawa, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1152-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Diffusion ; Drosophila ; Kinesin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Stochastic Processes ; Thermodynamics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: A general problem in biology is how to incorporate information about evolutionary history and adaptation into taxonomy. The problem is exemplified in attempts to define our own genus, Homo. Here conventional criteria for allocating fossil species to Homo are reviewed and are found to be either inappropriate or inoperable. We present a revised definition, based on verifiable criteria, for Homo and conclude that two species, Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis, do not belong in the genus. The earliest taxon to satisfy the criteria is Homo ergaster, or early African Homo erectus, which currently appears in the fossil record at about 1.9 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, B -- Collard, M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):65-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. bwood@gwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Phylogeny ; Terminology as Topic
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Government Regulation ; India ; *Macaca mulatta
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: Retroviral DNA integration is catalyzed by the viral protein integrase. Here, it is shown that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a host cell protein, also participates in the reaction. DNA-PK-deficient murine scid cells infected with three different retroviruses showed a substantial reduction in retroviral DNA integration and died by apoptosis. Scid cell killing was not observed after infection with an integrase-defective virus, suggesting that abortive integration is the trigger for death in these DNA repair-deficient cells. These results suggest that the initial events in retroviral integration are detected as DNA damage by the host cell and that completion of the integration process requires the DNA-PK-mediated repair pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daniel, R -- Katz, R A -- Skalka, A M -- AI40721/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI40835/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA71515/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):644-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1/genetics ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/*genetics/physiology ; *Virus Integration ; Virus Replication
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):180-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Government Regulation ; India ; *Research
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