Regulation of intestinal alpha-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense

Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):113-7. doi: 10.1126/science.286.5437.113.

Abstract

Precursors of alpha-defensin peptides require activation for bactericidal activity. In mouse small intestine, matrilysin colocalized with alpha-defensins (cryptdins) in Paneth cell granules, and in vitro it cleaved the pro segment from cryptdin precursors. Matrilysin-deficient (MAT-/-) mice lacked mature cryptdins and accumulated precursor molecules. Intestinal peptide preparations from MAT-/- mice had decreased antimicrobial activity. Orally administered bacteria survived in greater numbers and were more virulent in MAT-/- mice than in MAT+/+ mice. Thus, matrilysin functions in intestinal mucosal defense by regulating the activity of defensins, which may be a common role for this metalloproteinase in its numerous epithelial sites of expression.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Catalysis
  • Cytoplasmic Granules / enzymology
  • Escherichia coli / growth & development
  • Escherichia coli Infections / immunology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Immunity, Mucosal*
  • Intestinal Mucosa / enzymology
  • Intestinal Mucosa / immunology
  • Intestinal Mucosa / microbiology
  • Intestine, Small / enzymology
  • Intestine, Small / immunology*
  • Intestine, Small / microbiology
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 7
  • Metalloendopeptidases / genetics
  • Metalloendopeptidases / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Paneth Cells / enzymology
  • Protein Precursors / genetics
  • Protein Precursors / metabolism*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Salmonella typhimurium / growth & development
  • Salmonella typhimurium / pathogenicity
  • Tissue Extracts / pharmacology

Substances

  • Protein Precursors
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Tissue Extracts
  • cryptdin
  • Metalloendopeptidases
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 7