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  • Female  (143)
  • *Ecosystem  (97)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (237)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2010-2014  (237)
  • 1985-1989
  • 2012  (237)
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  • 2010-2014  (237)
  • 1985-1989
Year
  • 1
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    Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Policies to reduce emissions from deforestation would benefit from clearly derived, spatially explicit, statistically bounded estimates of carbon emissions. Existing efforts derive carbon impacts of land-use change using broad assumptions, unreliable data, or both. We improve on this approach using satellite observations of gross forest cover loss and a map of forest carbon stocks to estimate gross carbon emissions across tropical regions between 2000 and 2005 as 0.81 petagram of carbon per year, with a 90% prediction interval of 0.57 to 1.22 petagrams of carbon per year. This estimate is 25 to 50% of recently published estimates. By systematically matching areas of forest loss with their carbon stocks before clearing, these results serve as a more accurate benchmark for monitoring global progress on reducing emissions from deforestation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Nancy L -- Brown, Sandra -- Hagen, Stephen C -- Saatchi, Sassan S -- Petrova, Silvia -- Salas, William -- Hansen, Matthew C -- Potapov, Peter V -- Lotsch, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1573-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1217962.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. nharris@winrock.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Asia ; Biomass ; *Carbon ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Latin America ; Monte Carlo Method ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Soil ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Conservation concerns in the deep (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartmann, Aaron C -- Levin, Lisa A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):668-9. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.668-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Ecosystem ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Behavior. Origins of cumulative culture (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurzban, Robert -- Barrett, H Clark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1056-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1219232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kurzban@psych.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; *Mental Processes ; *Problem Solving ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Biodiversity and ecosystem function (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Midgley, Guy F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):174-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1217245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate Change and Bioadaptation, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Rhodes Drive, Cape Town 7735, South Africa. g.midgley@sanbi.org.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Comment on "Global resilience of tropical forest and savanna to critical transitions" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Hirota et al. (Reports, 14 October 2011, p. 232) used spatial data to show that grasslands, savannas, and forests represent opposing stable states. Reanalyzing their data and drawing from temporal studies, we argue that spatial analyses underestimate the bistability of grasslands and savannas due to limitations of substituting space for time. We propose that temporal and spatial data are needed to predict critical transitions between grasslands and savannas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ratajczak, Zak -- Nippert, Jesse B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):541; author reply 541. doi: 10.1126/science.1219346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. zarata@ksu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Antarctic Treaty System ready for a challenge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haward, Marcus -- Jabour, Julia -- Press, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):603. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6107.603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Invasive species. Researchers set course to blockade ballast invaders (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strain, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):664-5. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Lakes ; *Seawater ; *Ships ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Economics. Implications of scarcity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwane, Alix Peterson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):617-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1230292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. alix.zwane@gatesfoundation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attention ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; *Socioeconomic Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Comment on "Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: Johnson and colleagues (Reports, 18 May 2012, p. 904) claim that conspecific negative density dependence is a pervasive mechanism driving forest diversity, especially for rare tree species. We show that their results are due to a statistical bias in their analysis caused by the exclusion of joint absences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickie, Ian A -- Hurst, Jennifer M -- Bellingham, Peter J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):469; author reply 469. doi: 10.1126/science.1225520.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Landcare Research, Lincoln, 7640 New Zealand. dickiei@landcareresearch.co.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Trim28 is required for epigenetic stability during mouse oocyte to embryo transition (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Phenotypic variability in genetic disease is usually attributed to genetic background variation or environmental influence. Here, we show that deletion of a single gene, Trim28 (Kap1 or Tif1beta), from the maternal germ line alone, on an otherwise identical genetic background, results in severe phenotypic and epigenetic variability that leads to embryonic lethality. We identify early and minute epigenetic variations in blastomeres of the preimplantation embryo of these animals, suggesting that the embryonic lethality may result from the misregulation of genomic imprinting in mice lacking maternal Trim28. Our results reveal the long-range effects of a maternal gene deletion on epigenetic memory and illustrate the delicate equilibrium of maternal and zygotic factors during nuclear reprogramming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Messerschmidt, Daniel M -- de Vries, Wilhelmine -- Ito, Mitsuteru -- Solter, Davor -- Ferguson-Smith, Anne -- Knowles, Barbara B -- 079249/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095606/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MR/J001597/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1499-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1216154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Development Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; DNA Methylation ; Down-Regulation ; *Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Phenotype ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Ancestral developmental potential facilitates parallel evolution in ants (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: Complex worker caste systems have contributed to the evolutionary success of advanced ant societies; however, little is known about the developmental processes underlying their origin and evolution. We combined hormonal manipulation, gene expression, and phylogenetic analyses with field observations to understand how novel worker subcastes evolve. We uncovered an ancestral developmental potential to produce a "supersoldier" subcaste that has been actualized at least two times independently in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. This potential has been retained and can be environmentally induced throughout the genus. Therefore, the retention and induction of this potential have facilitated the parallel evolution of supersoldiers through a process known as genetic accommodation. The recurrent induction of ancestral developmental potential may facilitate the adaptive and parallel evolution of phenotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajakumar, Rajendhran -- San Mauro, Diego -- Dijkstra, Michiel B -- Huang, Ming H -- Wheeler, Diana E -- Hiou-Tim, Francois -- Khila, Abderrahman -- Cournoyea, Michael -- Abouheif, Ehab -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):79-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1211451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Larva/growth & development ; Male ; Methoprene/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Social Behavior ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Ecology. Amazonian extinction debts (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rangel, Thiago F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):162-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1224819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goias, CxP. 131, Goiania, Goias, Brazil 74970-001. thiagorangel@icb.ufg.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Trees ; *Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    MARF1 regulates essential oogenic processes in mice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Development of fertilization-competent oocytes depends on integrated processes controlling meiosis, cytoplasmic development, and maintenance of genomic integrity. We show that meiosis arrest female 1 (MARF1) is required for these processes in mammalian oocytes. Mutations of Marf1 cause female infertility characterized by up-regulation of a cohort of transcripts, increased retrotransposon expression, defective cytoplasmic maturation, and meiotic arrest. Up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit (PPP2CB) is key to the meiotic arrest phenotype. Moreover, Iap and Line1 retrotransposon messenger RNAs are also up-regulated, and, concomitantly, DNA double-strand breaks are elevated in mutant oocytes. Therefore MARF1, by suppressing levels of specific transcripts, is an essential regulator of important oogenic processes leading to female fertility and the development of healthy offspring.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612990/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612990/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, You-Qiang -- Sugiura, Koji -- Sun, Fengyun -- Pendola, Janice K -- Cox, Gregory A -- Handel, Mary Ann -- Schimenti, John C -- Eppig, John J -- CA34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD42137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD042137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA034196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1496-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1214680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; *Fertility ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Oogenesis ; Phenotype ; Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Retroelements ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Detecting causality in complex ecosystems (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: Identifying causal networks is important for effective policy and management recommendations on climate, epidemiology, financial regulation, and much else. We introduce a method, based on nonlinear state space reconstruction, that can distinguish causality from correlation. It extends to nonseparable weakly connected dynamic systems (cases not covered by the current Granger causality paradigm). The approach is illustrated both by simple models (where, in contrast to the real world, we know the underlying equations/relations and so can check the validity of our method) and by application to real ecological systems, including the controversial sardine-anchovy-temperature problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugihara, George -- May, Robert -- Ye, Hao -- Hsieh, Chih-hao -- Deyle, Ethan -- Fogarty, Michael -- Munch, Stephan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):496-500. doi: 10.1126/science.1227079. Epub 2012 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. gsugihara@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Causality ; Ciliophora ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Paramecium
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Paying for tissue: the case of WI-38 (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayflick, Leonard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 14;337(6100):1292. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6100.1292-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22984048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue Donors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herfst, Sander -- Schrauwen, Eefje J A -- Linster, Martin -- Chutinimitkul, Salin -- de Wit, Emmie -- Munster, Vincent J -- Sorrell, Erin M -- Bestebroer, Theo M -- Burke, David F -- Smith, Derek J -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus F -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1534-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1213362.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Microbiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Containment of Biohazards ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza ; Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Oseltamivir/pharmacology ; Pandemics ; Poultry ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/pathogenicity ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Reverse Genetics ; Serial Passage ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
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    Rapamycin-induced insulin resistance is mediated by mTORC2 loss and uncoupled from longevity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), extends the life spans of yeast, flies, and mice. Calorie restriction, which increases life span and insulin sensitivity, is proposed to function by inhibition of mTORC1, yet paradoxically, chronic administration of rapamycin substantially impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. We demonstrate that rapamycin disrupted a second mTOR complex, mTORC2, in vivo and that mTORC2 was required for the insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Further, decreased mTORC1 signaling was sufficient to extend life span independently from changes in glucose homeostasis, as female mice heterozygous for both mTOR and mLST8 exhibited decreased mTORC1 activity and extended life span but had normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Thus, mTORC2 disruption is an important mediator of the effects of rapamycin in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324089/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324089/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamming, Dudley W -- Ye, Lan -- Katajisto, Pekka -- Goncalves, Marcus D -- Saitoh, Maki -- Stevens, Deanna M -- Davis, James G -- Salmon, Adam B -- Richardson, Arlan -- Ahima, Rexford S -- Guertin, David A -- Sabatini, David M -- Baur, Joseph A -- 1F32AG032833-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG032833/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30DK19525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1215135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood ; *Insulin Resistance ; Liver/metabolism ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism
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    Alzheimer's research. Stopping Alzheimer's before it starts (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):790-2. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6096.790.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age of Onset ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/*genetics/*prevention & control ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; Child ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote Detection ; Humans ; Information Services ; Male ; Pedigree ; Primary Prevention/*methods ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Psychology. Tapping into the wisdom of the crowd--with confidence (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hertwig, Ralph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):303-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1221403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60-64, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland. ralph.hertwig@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Decision Making ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male
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    Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate through time as redundancy fades (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Plant diversity generally promotes biomass production, but how the shape of the response curve changes with time remains unclear. This is a critical knowledge gap because the shape of this relationship indicates the extent to which loss of the first few species will influence biomass production. Using two long-term (〉/=13 years) biodiversity experiments, we show that the effects of diversity on biomass productivity increased and became less saturating over time. Our analyses suggest that effects of diversity-dependent ecosystem feedbacks and interspecific complementarity accumulate over time, causing high-diversity species combinations that appeared functionally redundant during early years to become more functionally unique through time. Consequently, simplification of diverse ecosystems will likely have greater negative impacts on ecosystem functioning than has been suggested by short-term experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- Tilman, David -- Isbell, Forest -- Mueller, Kevin -- Hobbie, Sarah E -- Flynn, Dan F B -- Eisenhauer, Nico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):589-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1217909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Minnesota ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; *Poaceae/growth & development ; Soil/chemistry ; Time Factors
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    Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description: Sexual selection is driven by competition for mates, and the advantage of a competitor is determined by the number of offspring it produces. Early experiments by Angus Bateman characterized this interaction, and the quantitative relationship between a male's number of mates and number of offspring is known as the Bateman slope. Sexual dimorphism, one of the most obvious results of sexual selection, largely requires a positive Bateman relationship, and the slope provides an estimate of the potential for sexual selection. However, natural selection from the environment can also influence male success, as can random effects, and some have argued for inclusion of the latter in calculations of mate success. Data from pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) reveal the presence of a positive Bateman slope in each year of a 10-year study. We found no evidence that random effects skewed male mating success; however, substantial yearly variation in the Bateman slope due to predation on fawns was evident. These results support the validity of the Bateman relationship, yet they also demonstrate that environmental or extrinsic influences can limit the potential for sexual selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Byers, John -- Dunn, Stacey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 9;338(6108):802-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1224660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA. jbyers@uidaho.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antelopes/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Coyotes ; Female ; Linear Models ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Montana ; *Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Global correlations in tropical tree species richness and abundance reject neutrality (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Patterns of species richness and relative abundance at some scales cannot be distinguished from predictions of null models, including zero-sum neutral models of population change and random speciation-extinction models of evolutionary diversification. Both models predict that species richness or population abundance produced by independent iterations of the same processes in different regions should be uncorrelated. We find instead that the number of species and individuals in families of trees in forest plots are strongly correlated across Southeast Asia, Africa, and tropical America. These correlations imply that deterministic processes influenced by evolutionarily conservative family-level traits constrain the number of confamilial tree species and individuals that can be supported in regional species pools and local assemblages in humid tropical forests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricklefs, Robert E -- Renner, Susanne S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):464-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1215182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA. ricklefs@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; South America ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Activation-induced B cell fates are selected by intracellular stochastic competition (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: In response to stimulation, B lymphocytes pursue a large number of distinct fates important for immune regulation. Whether each cell's fate is determined by external direction, internal stochastic processes, or directed asymmetric division is unknown. Measurement of times to isotype switch, to develop into a plasmablast, and to divide or to die for thousands of cells indicated that each fate is pursued autonomously and stochastically. As a consequence of competition between these processes, censorship of alternative outcomes predicts intricate correlations that are observed in the data. Stochastic competition can explain how the allocation of a proportion of B cells to each cell fate is achieved. The B cell may exemplify how other complex cell differentiation systems are controlled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffy, Ken R -- Wellard, Cameron J -- Markham, John F -- Zhou, Jie H S -- Holmberg, Ross -- Hawkins, Edwin D -- Hasbold, Jhagvaral -- Dowling, Mark R -- Hodgkin, Philip D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):338-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1213230. Epub 2012 Jan 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Female ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Models, Immunological ; Stochastic Processes
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    The biology of genomes. Single-cell sequencing tackles basic and biomedical questions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):976-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6084.976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Male ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; Spermatozoa
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    Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: As a first step toward understanding how rare variants contribute to risk for complex diseases, we sequenced 15,585 human protein-coding genes to an average median depth of 111x in 2440 individuals of European (n = 1351) and African (n = 1088) ancestry. We identified over 500,000 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), the majority of which were rare (86% with a minor allele frequency less than 0.5%), previously unknown (82%), and population-specific (82%). On average, 2.3% of the 13,595 SNVs each person carried were predicted to affect protein function of ~313 genes per genome, and ~95.7% of SNVs predicted to be functionally important were rare. This excess of rare functional variants is due to the combined effects of explosive, recent accelerated population growth and weak purifying selection. Furthermore, we show that large sample sizes will be required to associate rare variants with complex traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708544/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708544/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tennessen, Jacob A -- Bigham, Abigail W -- O'Connor, Timothy D -- Fu, Wenqing -- Kenny, Eimear E -- Gravel, Simon -- McGee, Sean -- Do, Ron -- Liu, Xiaoming -- Jun, Goo -- Kang, Hyun Min -- Jordan, Daniel -- Leal, Suzanne M -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Rieder, Mark J -- Abecasis, Goncalo -- Altshuler, David -- Nickerson, Deborah A -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Sunyaev, Shamil -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Bamshad, Michael J -- Akey, Joshua M -- Broad GO -- Seattle GO -- NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):64-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1219240. Epub 2012 May 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22604720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/*genetics ; Disease/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Exome ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Growth ; Selection, Genetic
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    Substrate-controlled succession of marine bacterioplankton populations induced by a phytoplankton bloom (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and observed a dynamic succession of populations at genus-level resolution. Taxonomically distinct expressions of carbohydrate-active enzymes (transporters; in particular, TonB-dependent transporters) and phosphate acquisition strategies were found, indicating that distinct populations of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are specialized for successive decomposition of algal-derived organic matter. Our results suggest that algal substrate availability provided a series of ecological niches in which specialized populations could bloom. This reveals how planktonic species, despite their seemingly homogeneous habitat, can evade extinction by direct competition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teeling, Hanno -- Fuchs, Bernhard M -- Becher, Dorte -- Klockow, Christine -- Gardebrecht, Antje -- Bennke, Christin M -- Kassabgy, Mariette -- Huang, Sixing -- Mann, Alexander J -- Waldmann, Jost -- Weber, Marc -- Klindworth, Anna -- Otto, Andreas -- Lange, Jana -- Bernhardt, Jorg -- Reinsch, Christine -- Hecker, Michael -- Peplies, Jorg -- Bockelmann, Frank D -- Callies, Ulrich -- Gerdts, Gunnar -- Wichels, Antje -- Wiltshire, Karen H -- Glockner, Frank Oliver -- Schweder, Thomas -- Amann, Rudolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):608-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1218344.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteroidetes/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Diatoms/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Gammaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Metagenome ; Microbial Interactions ; North Sea ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sulfatases/genetics/metabolism
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    Ecological context influences epidemic size and parasite-driven evolution (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: The occurrence and magnitude of disease outbreaks can strongly influence host evolution. In particular, when hosts face a resistance-fecundity trade-off, they might evolve increased resistance to infection during larger epidemics but increased susceptibility during smaller ones. We tested this theoretical prediction by using a zooplankton-yeast host-parasite system in which ecological factors determine epidemic size. Lakes with high productivity and low predation pressure had large yeast epidemics; during these outbreaks, hosts became more resistant to infection. However, with low productivity and high predation, epidemics remained small and hosts evolved increased susceptibility. Thus, by modulating disease outbreaks, ecological context (productivity and predation) shaped host evolution during epidemics. Consequently, anthropogenic alteration of productivity and predation might strongly influence both ecological and evolutionary outcomes of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffy, Meghan A -- Ochs, Jessica Housley -- Penczykowski, Rachel M -- Civitello, David J -- Klausmeier, Christopher A -- Hall, Spencer R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1636-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA. duffy@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*microbiology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Indiana ; *Lakes ; Male ; Metschnikowia/*pathogenicity ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Zooplankton/microbiology/physiology
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    A Bruce effect in wild geladas (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: Female rodents are known to terminate pregnancies after exposure to unfamiliar males ("Bruce effect"). Although laboratory support abounds, direct evidence for a Bruce effect under natural conditions is lacking. Here, we report a strong Bruce effect in a wild primate, the gelada (Theropithecus gelada). Female geladas terminate 80% of pregnancies in the weeks after a dominant male is replaced. Further, data on interbirth intervals suggest that pregnancy termination offers fitness benefits for females whose offspring would otherwise be susceptible to infanticide. Taken together, data support the hypothesis that the Bruce effect can be an adaptive strategy for females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Eila K -- Lu, Amy -- Bergman, Thore J -- Beehner, Jacinta C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1222-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1213600. Epub 2012 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Behavior, Animal ; Birth Rate ; Estrogens/analysis ; Ethiopia ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Gestational Age ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; *Social Dominance ; *Theropithecus/physiology/psychology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Polio campaign. Closing a deadly refuge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):520-1. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6094.520.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Disease Eradication/*trends ; Female ; *Homicide ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Vaccination/*trends ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Animal domestication. In search of the wild chicken (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1020-4. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6110.1020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics ; *Breeding ; Chickens/*genetics ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Influenza in Birds/genetics ; Male
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    Polio campaign. Fighting polio in Pakistan (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):517-21. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6094.517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Disease Eradication/*methods/*trends ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Vaccination/*methods/*trends ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Asian medicine: exploitation of plants (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, Shixiong -- Feng, Qi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1168-9. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6073.1168-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Plants, Medicinal
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    The motherhood effect (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):802. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6083.802-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mathematics ; *Mothers ; *Science ; *Women, Working
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    Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division. On Great Plains, Juniper Invasion signals prairies in distress (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 27;336(6080):432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22548215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; *Juniperus ; Midwestern United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Impacts of biodiversity loss (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardinale, Bradley -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):552-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1222102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. bradcard@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Poaceae
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    HIV/AIDS in America. Introduction (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):167. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; United States/epidemiology
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    The geological record of ocean acidification (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO(2), global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry-a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO(2) release currently taking place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honisch, Barbel -- Ridgwell, Andy -- Schmidt, Daniela N -- Thomas, Ellen -- Gibbs, Samantha J -- Sluijs, Appy -- Zeebe, Richard -- Kump, Lee -- Martindale, Rowan C -- Greene, Sarah E -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Ries, Justin -- Zachos, James C -- Royer, Dana L -- Barker, Stephen -- Marchitto, Thomas M Jr -- Moyer, Ryan -- Pelejero, Carles -- Ziveri, Patrizia -- Foster, Gavin L -- Williams, Branwen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1058-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1208277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbonates/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Fossils ; *Geological Phenomena ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Pheromonal induction of spatial learning in mice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-15
    Description: Many mammals use scent marking for sexual and competitive advertisement, but little is known about the mechanism by which scents are used to locate mates and competitors. We show that darcin, an involatile protein sex pheromone in male mouse urine, can rapidly condition preference for its remembered location among females and competitor males so that animals prefer to spend time in the site even when scent is absent. Learned spatial preference is conditioned through contact with darcin in a single trial and remembered for approximately 14 days. This pheromone-induced learning allows animals to relocate sites of particular social relevance and provides proof that pheromones such as darcin can be highly potent stimuli for social learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Sarah A -- Davidson, Amanda J -- McLean, Lynn -- Beynon, Robert J -- Hurst, Jane L -- BB/J002631/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC503897/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1462-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1225638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Competitive Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Maze Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proteins/pharmacology/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/pharmacology/*physiology/urine ; Smell/drug effects/physiology ; Spatial Behavior/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cuckoos combat socially transmitted defenses of reed warbler hosts with a plumage polymorphism (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: In predator-prey and host-parasite interactions, an individual's ability to combat an opponent often improves with experience--for example, by learning to identify enemy signals. Although learning occurs through individual experience, individuals can also assess threats from social information. Such recognition could promote the evolution of polymorphisms if socially transmitted defenses depend on enemy morph frequency. This would allow rare variants to evade detection. Female brood parasitic common cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, are either gray or rufous. The gray morph is a Batesian mimic whose hawk-like appearance deters host attack. Hosts reject this disguise through social learning, increasing their own defenses when they witness neighbors mobbing a cuckoo. Our experiments reveal that social learning is specific to the cuckoo morph that neighbors mob. Therefore, while neighbors alert hosts to local cuckoo activity, frequency-dependent social information selects for a cuckoo plumage polymorphism to thwart host detection. Our results suggest that selection for mimicry and polymorphisms comes not only from personal experience but also from social learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorogood, Rose -- Davies, Nicholas B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):578-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1220759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. rt303@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; Learning ; *Nesting Behavior ; *Pigmentation ; *Social Behavior ; Songbirds/*anatomy & histology
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    Civilization's double-edged sword (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):832-3. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6083.832.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Cambodia ; Civilization/*history ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Homicide/history ; Humans ; Male ; Syria ; Thailand ; Violence/*history ; *Warfare ; Weapons
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    Cancer. Taking a back door to target Myc (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evan, Gerard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):293-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1217819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. gie20@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Female ; *Genes, myc ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/*genetics
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    Psychology. Bird-brained illusionists (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Barton L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):292-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1217451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. barta@psych.usyd.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Optical Illusions ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Economics. Ready, steady, compete (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villeval, Marie Claire -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):544-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1218000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France. villeval@gate.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Policy ; *Task Performance and Analysis ; *Women
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    Extremely long-lived nuclear pore proteins in the rat brain (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: To combat the functional decline of the proteome, cells use the process of protein turnover to replace potentially impaired polypeptides with new functional copies. We found that extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) did not turn over in postmitotic cells of the rat central nervous system. These ELLPs were associated with chromatin and the nuclear pore complex, the central transport channels that mediate all molecular trafficking in and out of the nucleus. The longevity of these proteins would be expected to expose them to potentially harmful metabolites, putting them at risk of accumulating damage over extended periods of time. Thus, it is possible that failure to maintain proper levels and functional integrity of ELLPs in nonproliferative cells might contribute to age-related deterioration in cell and tissue function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296478/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296478/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savas, Jeffrey N -- Toyama, Brandon H -- Xu, Tao -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Hetzer, Martin W -- F32 AG039127/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG039127-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32AG039127/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201000035C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AG031097/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG031097-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195-35/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823-14/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067880-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):942. doi: 10.1126/science.1217421. Epub 2012 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Aging ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Female ; Half-Life ; Liver/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Nuclear Pore/*metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Proteome/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors
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    A global perspective on HIV/AIDS (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxena, Shailendra K -- Tiwari, Sneham -- Nair, Madhavan P N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):798. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6096.798.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Untangling genomes from metagenomes: revealing an uncultured class of marine Euryarchaeota (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: Ecosystems are shaped by complex communities of mostly unculturable microbes. Metagenomes provide a fragmented view of such communities, but the ecosystem functions of major groups of organisms remain mysterious. To better characterize members of these communities, we developed methods to reconstruct genomes directly from mate-paired short-read metagenomes. We closed a genome representing the as-yet uncultured marine group II Euryarchaeota, assembled de novo from 1.7% of a metagenome sequenced from surface seawater. The genome describes a motile, photo-heterotrophic cell focused on degradation of protein and lipids and clarifies the origin of proteorhodopsin. It also demonstrates that high-coverage mate-paired sequence can overcome assembly difficulties caused by interstrain variation in complex microbial communities, enabling inference of ecosystem functions for uncultured members.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iverson, Vaughn -- Morris, Robert M -- Frazar, Christian D -- Berthiaume, Chris T -- Morales, Rhonda L -- Armbrust, E Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):587-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1212665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Biota ; *Ecosystem ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Euryarchaeota/classification/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Genes, Archaeal ; *Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Heterotrophic Processes ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; *Metagenome ; Microbial Consortia ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pacific Ocean ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rhodopsins, Microbial ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    IBI* series winner. Investigating Arabia Mountain: a molecular approach (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacob, Nitya P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1588-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1213692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA 30054, USA. njacob@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Biodiversity ; Biology/*education ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; *Geological Phenomena ; Georgia ; Research/*education ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silicon Dioxide ; *Soil Microbiology ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Global correlations in tropical tree species richness and abundance reject neutrality" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: Ricklefs and Renner (Reports, 27 January 2012, p. 464) suggested that strong correlations in the diversity of shared families between isolated tree assemblages reject neutrality. Simulations of a neutral model indicate, however, that isolated assemblages under various configurations of random speciation and extinction do sustain strong correlations in the diversity of shared families. Thus, reported correlations support rather than reject neutral theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mora, Camilo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 29;336(6089):1639; author reply 1639. doi: 10.1126/science.1220980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. cmora@hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
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    Reproductive biology. Potential egg stem cells reignite debate (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1029-30. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6072.1029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Oocytes/*cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Oogonia/*cytology ; Ovary/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An overlapping protein-coding region in influenza A virus segment 3 modulates the host response (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to variable and imperfectly understood pathogenicity. We report that segment 3 of the virus contains a second open reading frame ("X-ORF"), accessed via ribosomal frameshifting. The frameshift product, termed PA-X, comprises the endonuclease domain of the viral PA protein with a C-terminal domain encoded by the X-ORF and functions to repress cellular gene expression. PA-X also modulates IAV virulence in a mouse infection model, acting to decrease pathogenicity. Loss of PA-X expression leads to changes in the kinetics of the global host response, which notably includes increases in inflammatory, apoptotic, and T lymphocyte-signaling pathways. Thus, we have identified a previously unknown IAV protein that modulates the host response to infection, a finding with important implications for understanding IAV pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jagger, B W -- Wise, H M -- Kash, J C -- Walters, K-A -- Wills, N M -- Xiao, Y-L -- Dunfee, R L -- Schwartzman, L M -- Ozinsky, A -- Bell, G L -- Dalton, R M -- Lo, A -- Efstathiou, S -- Atkins, J F -- Firth, A E -- Taubenberger, J K -- Digard, P -- 073126/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088789/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0700815/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700815(82260)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9800943/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/J002232/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1222213. Epub 2012 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; Conserved Sequence ; Female ; *Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Viral ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Open Reading Frames ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/pathology/*virology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proteome ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cell biology. Rapamycin paradox resolved (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Katherine J -- Kennedy, Brian K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1578-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1221365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Insulin Resistance ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine science. Ocean's deep, dark trenches to get their moment in the spotlight (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jane J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 13;336(6078):141-3. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6078.141.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22499911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Marine Biology/instrumentation/methods ; Pacific Ocean ; Pressure ; *Seawater
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aerobic microbial respiration in 86-million-year-old deep-sea red clay (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Microbial communities can subsist at depth in marine sediments without fresh supply of organic matter for millions of years. At threshold sedimentation rates of 1 millimeter per 1000 years, the low rates of microbial community metabolism in the North Pacific Gyre allow sediments to remain oxygenated tens of meters below the sea floor. We found that the oxygen respiration rates dropped from 10 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) near the sediment-water interface to 0.001 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) at 30-meter depth within 86 million-year-old sediment. The cell-specific respiration rate decreased with depth but stabilized at around 10(-3) femtomoles of O(2) cell(-1) day(-1) 10 meters below the seafloor. This result indicated that the community size is controlled by the rate of carbon oxidation and thereby by the low available energy flux.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Hans -- Kallmeyer, Jens -- Adhikari, Rishi Ram -- Pockalny, Robert -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- D'Hondt, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):922-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1219424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. hans.roy@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Aluminum Silicates ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Bacterial Load ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/*microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Pacific Ocean ; Prokaryotic Cells/*metabolism/physiology ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Time ; Water Movements
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    Microbiology. Microbial cooperative warfare (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morlon, Helene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 7;337(6099):1184-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1227512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Applied Mathematics, UMR 7641 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay Palaiseau, 91128 France. helene.morlon@cmap.polytechnique.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*biosynthesis ; *Antibiosis ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; *Ecosystem ; *Microbial Interactions ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Vibrio/*drug effects/*physiology
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    The group self (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Although people often tend to consider themselves and others as unique individuals, there are many situations in which they think, feel, and act primarily as group members. This can bring out the best in them, as when they are inspired to help fellow citizens in need, or the worst, as when they show hostility against others simply because they represent another religious or ethnic group. Understanding when and why the group self becomes more important than the individual self, and how this affects people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, can help to prevent and redirect unwelcome aspects of human behavior by addressing them at the appropriate level of self.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellemers, Naomi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):848-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1220987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Psychological Research, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. Ellemers@fsw.leidenuniv.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior ; Brain/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Self Concept ; Social Behavior ; *Social Identification
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    Ecology. A measurable planetary boundary for the biosphere (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Running, Steven W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1458-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. swr@ntsg.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Cycle ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Photosynthesis ; *Plant Development ; Plants/*metabolism ; Population Growth
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    The aftermath of megafaunal extinction: ecosystem transformation in Pleistocene Australia (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Giant vertebrates dominated many Pleistocene ecosystems. Many were herbivores, and their sudden extinction in prehistory could have had large ecological impacts. We used a high-resolution 130,000-year environmental record to help resolve the cause and reconstruct the ecological consequences of extinction of Australia's megafauna. Our results suggest that human arrival rather than climate caused megafaunal extinction, which then triggered replacement of mixed rainforest by sclerophyll vegetation through a combination of direct effects on vegetation of relaxed herbivore pressure and increased fire in the landscape. This ecosystem shift was as large as any effect of climate change over the last glacial cycle, and indicates the magnitude of changes that may have followed megafaunal extinction elsewhere in the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rule, Susan -- Brook, Barry W -- Haberle, Simon G -- Turney, Chris S M -- Kershaw, A Peter -- Johnson, Christopher N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1483-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1214261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Culture, History and Language, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascomycota ; Biomass ; Charcoal ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fires ; Fossils ; Herbivory ; Humans ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Queensland ; Time ; Trees ; *Vertebrates
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    Invasive species unchecked by climate (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Philip E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):537-8; author reply 538-9. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6068.537-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem
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    Biosecurity on thin ice in Antarctica (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Philip E -- Pysek, Petr -- Winter, Marten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1102, 1104. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6085.1102-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; International Cooperation ; *Introduced Species/legislation & jurisprudence ; Plants ; Travel
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    Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Truog, Robert D -- Kesselheim, Aaron S -- Joffe, Steven -- 1 UL1 RR025758-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08HS18465-01/HS/AHRQ HHS/ -- UL1 RR025758/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):37-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1216888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA. robert.truog@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Economics ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; *Patient Rights ; Policy ; *Tissue Donors
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    Indoor ecosystems (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, Courtney -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):648-50. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6069.648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Microbiology ; Animals ; Bacteria/*isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Biota ; Databases, Genetic ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Foundations ; Hospitals ; Housing ; Humans ; Metagenome ; Research Support as Topic ; Toilet Facilities ; Workplace
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Body cues, not facial expressions, discriminate between intense positive and negative emotions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-01
    Description: The distinction between positive and negative emotions is fundamental in emotion models. Intriguingly, neurobiological work suggests shared mechanisms across positive and negative emotions. We tested whether similar overlap occurs in real-life facial expressions. During peak intensities of emotion, positive and negative situations were successfully discriminated from isolated bodies but not faces. Nevertheless, viewers perceived illusory positivity or negativity in the nondiagnostic faces when seen with bodies. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, we created compounds of intense negative faces combined with positive bodies, and vice versa. Perceived affect and mimicry of the faces shifted systematically as a function of their contextual body emotion. These findings challenge standard models of emotion expression and highlight the role of the body in expressing and perceiving emotions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aviezer, Hillel -- Trope, Yaacov -- Todorov, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 30;338(6111):1225-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1224313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. haviezer@mail.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Cues ; Emotions/*physiology ; *Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Illusions ; *Kinesics ; Male ; *Perception ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Levy walks evolve through interaction between movement and environmental complexity" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: de Jager et al. (Reports, 24 June 2011, p. 1551) concluded that mussels Levy walk. We confronted a larger model set with these data and found that mussels do not Levy walk: Their movement is best described by a composite Brownian walk. This shows how model selection based on an impoverished set of candidate models can lead to incorrect inferences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, Vincent A A -- Mashanova, Alla -- Petrovskii, Sergei -- BB/G007934/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):918; author reply 918. doi: 10.1126/science.1215747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK. vincent.jansen@rhul.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Mytilus edulis/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Heavy livestock grazing promotes locust outbreaks by lowering plant nitrogen content (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Current paradigms generally assume that increased plant nitrogen (N) should enhance herbivore performance by relieving protein limitation, increasing herbivorous insect populations. We show, in contrast to this scenario, that host plant N enrichment and high-protein artificial diets decreased the size and viability of Oedaleus asiaticus, a dominant locust of north Asian grasslands. This locust preferred plants with low N content and artificial diets with low protein and high carbohydrate content. Plant N content was lowest and locust abundance highest in heavily livestock-grazed fields where soils were N-depleted, likely due to enhanced erosion. These results suggest that heavy livestock grazing and consequent steppe degradation in the Eurasian grassland promote outbreaks of this locust by reducing plant protein content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cease, Arianne J -- Elser, James J -- Ford, Colleen F -- Hao, Shuguang -- Kang, Le -- Harrison, Jon F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):467-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1214433.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. arianne.cease@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Biomass ; Diet ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fertilizers ; Food Preferences ; Grasshoppers/growth & development/*physiology ; Herbivory/physiology ; *Livestock ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Plant Proteins/*analysis ; Plants/*chemistry ; Poaceae/chemistry/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Sheep
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Disentangling the drivers of beta diversity along latitudinal and elevational gradients" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Kraft et al. (Report, 23 September 2011, p. 1755) argued that the latitudinal trend in beta diversity is spurious and just reflects a trend in gamma diversity. Their results depend on the idiosyncrasies of their data, especially the latitudinally varying degree of undersampling and a local sampling setup that is not suitable for analyzing drivers of beta diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuomisto, Hanna -- Ruokolainen, Kalle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1573; author reply 1573. doi: 10.1126/science.1216393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. hanna.tuomisto@utu.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Plants ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Natural SIV hosts: showing AIDS the door (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-10
    Description: Many species of African nonhuman primates are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in the wild and in captivity. In contrast to HIV-infected humans, these natural SIV hosts typically do not develop AIDS, despite chronic infection with a highly replicating virus. In this Review, we discuss the most recent advances on the mechanisms of protection from disease progression in natural SIV hosts, with emphasis on how they differ from pathogenic HIV/SIV infections of humans and rhesus macaques. These mechanisms include: (i) resolution of immune activation after acute infection, (ii) restricted pattern of target cell infection, and (iii) protection from mother-to-infant transmission. We highlight the areas that should be pursued in future studies, focusing on potential applications for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chahroudi, Ann -- Bosinger, Steven E -- Vanderford, Thomas H -- Paiardini, Mirko -- Silvestri, Guido -- P51-RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI066998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084836/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI066998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1188-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1217550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Cercocebus atys ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Disease Progression ; Female ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/transmission/*virology ; *Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Task force's prevention advice proves hard to swallow. Interview by Eliot Marshall (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moyer, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*prevention & control ; *Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Male ; *Mammography/statistics & numerical data ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*prevention & control ; Public Opinion ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Public health. Korea tackles a mushrooming problem (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1026-7. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6110.1026.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Suicide/*statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Forest management. Turning over a new leaf in China's forests (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):26-7. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6090.26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Economic Development ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry ; Local Government ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroethics. When a brain scan bears bad news (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):455. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6106.455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; *Incidental Findings ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*ethics ; Neuroimaging/*ethics ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic
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    Adaptive sleep loss in polygynous pectoral sandpipers (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-11
    Description: The functions of sleep remain elusive. Extensive evidence suggests that sleep performs restorative processes that sustain waking brain performance. An alternative view proposes that sleep simply enforces adaptive inactivity to conserve energy when activity is unproductive. Under this hypothesis, animals may evolve the ability to dispense with sleep when ecological demands favor wakefulness. Here, we show that male pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melanotos), a polygynous Arctic breeding shorebird, are able to maintain high neurobehavioral performance despite greatly reducing their time spent sleeping during a 3-week period of intense male-male competition for access to fertile females. Males that slept the least sired the most offspring. Our results challenge the view that decreased performance is an inescapable outcome of sleep loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lesku, John A -- Rattenborg, Niels C -- Valcu, Mihai -- Vyssotski, Alexei L -- Kuhn, Sylvia -- Kuemmeth, Franz -- Heidrich, Wolfgang -- Kempenaers, Bart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1654-8. Epub 2012 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Charadriiformes/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Male ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sleep/*physiology
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    Gender and violence (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):839-40. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6083.839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conflict (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Social Values ; *Violence ; *Warfare ; *Women's Rights/statistics & numerical data
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    Avian influenza. Public at last, H5N1 study offers insight into virus's possible path to pandemic (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1494-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6088.1494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*virology ; RNA Replicase/*genetics ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Global correlations in tropical tree species richness and abundance reject neutrality" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: Ricklefs and Renner (Reports, 27 January 2012, p. 464) found significant correlations for abundances and species diversities of families and orders of trees on different continents, which they suggested falsifies the neutral theory of biodiversity (NTB). We argue that the correlations among families and orders and the lack of correlations among genera can be explained by the NTB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Anping -- Wang, Shaopeng -- Pacala, Stephen W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 29;336(6089):1639; author reply 1639. doi: 10.1126/science.1222534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. anpingc@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
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    Paleobotany. Primeval land rises from the ashes (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):662-3. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.662.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Climate Change ; Coal Mining ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Ferns ; *Fossils ; *Plants ; *Trees ; Volcanic Eruptions
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    Conservation. Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chown, S L -- Lee, J E -- Hughes, K A -- Barnes, J -- Barrett, P J -- Bergstrom, D M -- Convey, P -- Cowan, D A -- Crosbie, K -- Dyer, G -- Frenot, Y -- Grant, S M -- Herr, D -- Kennicutt, M C 2nd -- Lamers, M -- Murray, A -- Possingham, H P -- Reid, K -- Riddle, M J -- Ryan, P G -- Sanson, L -- Shaw, J D -- Sparrow, M D -- Summerhayes, C -- Terauds, A -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):158-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1222821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. steven.chown@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Travel
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution of shape by multiple regulatory changes to a growth gene (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: The genetic changes responsible for morphological differences between species are largely unidentified. Such changes can involve modifications of growth that are relevant to understanding evolution, development, and disease. We identified a gene that induces male-specific wing size and shape differences between Nasonia wasp species. Fine-scale mapping and in situ hybridization reveal that changes in at least three regions (two strictly in noncoding sequence) around the gene unpaired-like (upd-like) cause changes in spatial and temporal expression of upd-like in the developing wing and corresponding changes in wing width. Upd-like shows homology to the Drosophila unpaired gene, a well-studied signaling protein that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Our results indicate how multiple changes in the regulation of upd-like are involved in microevolution of morphological and sex-specific differences between species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520604/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520604/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loehlin, David W -- Werren, John H -- 5R01 GM070026-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R24 GM084917-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):943-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1215193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. loehlin@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis/genetics ; Organ Size ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Sex Characteristics ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wasps/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecosystem services: free lunch no more (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joppa, Lucas N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):656; author reply 656-7. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6069.656-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology/*economics ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fetal and early childhood undernutrition, mortality, and lifelong health (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: Child undernutrition is a major public health challenge, estimated to be responsible for 2.2 million annual deaths. Implementation of available interventions could prevent one-third of these deaths. Emerging evidence suggests that breast-feeding can lead to improvements in intelligence quotient in children and lower risks of noncommunicable diseases in mothers and children decades later. Nonetheless, breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices differ greatly from global recommendations. Although the World Health Organization recommends that infants receive solely breast milk for the first 6 months of life, only about one-third of infants in low-income countries meet this goal, just one-third of children 6 to 24 months old in low-income countries meet the minimum criteria for dietary diversity, and only one in five who are breast-fed receive a minimum acceptable diet. Although the potential effects of improved breast-feeding and complementary feeding appear large, funding for research and greater use of existing effective interventions seems low compared with other life-saving child health interventions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lutter, Chessa K -- Lutter, Randall -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1495-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-2895, USA. lutterch@paho.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Breast Feeding ; *Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; Child, Preschool ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; *Fetal Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; *Health ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; *Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; *Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Water management. Water security: research challenges and opportunities (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakker, Karen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):914-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program on Water Governance, Department of Geography and Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. karen.bakker@ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Public Policy ; Research ; *Water ; Water Cycle ; *Water Supply
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Washington, District of Columbia. HIV/AIDS response renovated in capital (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):182. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.182-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Community Health Services ; District of Columbia/epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Baltimore, Maryland. Dancing the night away; keeping HIV at bay (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):181-2. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Americans ; Baltimore/epidemiology ; *Dancing ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; *Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; *Risk-Taking ; Sex Workers ; Unsafe Sex
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Single-sex education: results one-sided (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalkus, Olen Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):165; author reply 166-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.165-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Education/*methods/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Single-sex education: parameters too narrow (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palaima, Thomas G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):166; author reply 166-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.166-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Education/*methods/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Mexico. My virus is your virus (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):177-8. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California/epidemiology ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Needle Sharing ; Sex Workers ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    San Francisco, California. A concerted effort to lighten the load (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):175-6. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.175.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; Patient Compliance ; *Public Health Practice ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; *Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Ecology. The heartbeat of ecosystems (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret A -- Febria, Catherine M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1393-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1223250.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. mpalmer@sesync.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Invertebrates/*metabolism ; *Plant Leaves ; *Rivers ; *Water Pollution, Chemical
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Comment on "Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Adler et al. (Reports, 23 September 2011, p. 1750) analyzed the standardized sampling data from 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities and concluded that "Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness" at fine-scale. However, their method was biased toward site-number-dominated plant communities. They also failed to provide enough data for regional analysis and detailed information for within-site analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Xubin -- Liu, Fengqiao -- Zhang, Mi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1441; author reply 1441. doi: 10.1126/science.1214786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA. xubin.hu.pan@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    The many states of HIV in America (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):168-71. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; *Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Prevalence ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Southeastern United States/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Urban Health/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Some consequences of having too little (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: Poor individuals often engage in behaviors, such as excessive borrowing, that reinforce the conditions of poverty. Some explanations for these behaviors focus on personality traits of the poor. Others emphasize environmental factors such as housing or financial access. We instead consider how certain behaviors stem simply from having less. We suggest that scarcity changes how people allocate attention: It leads them to engage more deeply in some problems while neglecting others. Across several experiments, we show that scarcity leads to attentional shifts that can help to explain behaviors such as overborrowing. We discuss how this mechanism might also explain other puzzles of poverty.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Anuj K -- Mullainathan, Sendhil -- Shafir, Eldar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):682-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1222426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. anuj.shah@chicagobooth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attention ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Financing, Personal ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; *Socioeconomic Factors
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  • 91
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    Population genomics of early events in the ecological differentiation of bacteria (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-12
    Description: Genetic exchange is common among bacteria, but its effect on population diversity during ecological differentiation remains controversial. A fundamental question is whether advantageous mutations lead to selection of clonal genomes or, as in sexual eukaryotes, sweep through populations on their own. Here, we show that in two recently diverged populations of ocean bacteria, ecological differentiation has occurred akin to a sexual mechanism: A few genome regions have swept through subpopulations in a habitat-specific manner, accompanied by gradual separation of gene pools as evidenced by increased habitat specificity of the most recent recombinations. These findings reconcile previous, seemingly contradictory empirical observations of the genetic structure of bacterial populations and point to a more unified process of differentiation in bacteria and sexual eukaryotes than previously thought.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337212/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337212/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, B Jesse -- Friedman, Jonathan -- Cordero, Otto X -- Preheim, Sarah P -- Timberlake, Sonia C -- Szabo, Gitta -- Polz, Martin F -- Alm, Eric J -- U54 GM088558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM088558-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 6;336(6077):48-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1218198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22491847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Flow ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Vibrio/classification/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Infectious disease. HIV prevention and cure insights come from failure and success (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1291. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6074.1291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/blood/*therapeutic use ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; HIV/drug effects/immunology/*physiology ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Glacial survival of boreal trees in northern Scandinavia (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: It is commonly believed that trees were absent in Scandinavia during the last glaciation and first recolonized the Scandinavian Peninsula with the retreat of its ice sheet some 9000 years ago. Here, we show the presence of a rare mitochondrial DNA haplotype of spruce that appears unique to Scandinavia and with its highest frequency to the west-an area believed to sustain ice-free refugia during most of the last ice age. We further show the survival of DNA from this haplotype in lake sediments and pollen of Trondelag in central Norway dating back ~10,300 years and chloroplast DNA of pine and spruce in lake sediments adjacent to the ice-free Andoya refugium in northwestern Norway as early as ~22,000 and 17,700 years ago, respectively. Our findings imply that conifer trees survived in ice-free refugia of Scandinavia during the last glaciation, challenging current views on survival and spread of trees as a response to climate changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parducci, Laura -- Jorgensen, Tina -- Tollefsrud, Mari Mette -- Elverland, Ellen -- Alm, Torbjorn -- Fontana, Sonia L -- Bennett, K D -- Haile, James -- Matetovici, Irina -- Suyama, Yoshihisa -- Edwards, Mary E -- Andersen, Kenneth -- Rasmussen, Morten -- Boessenkool, Sanne -- Coissac, Eric -- Brochmann, Christian -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Houmark-Nielsen, Michael -- Larsen, Nicolaj Krog -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Kjaer, Kurt H -- Alsos, Inger Greve -- Willerslev, Eske -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1083-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1216043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Chloroplast/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Haplotypes ; *Ice Cover ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Norway ; *Picea/genetics ; *Pinus/genetics ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries ; Time
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    Single-sex education: positive effects (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Hyunjoon -- Behrman, Jere R -- Choi, Jaesung -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):165-6; author reply 166-8. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.165-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Education/*methods/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: Exome sequencing studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have identified many de novo mutations but few recurrently disrupted genes. We therefore developed a modified molecular inversion probe method enabling ultra-low-cost candidate gene resequencing in very large cohorts. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we captured and sequenced 44 candidate genes in 2446 ASD probands. We discovered 27 de novo events in 16 genes, 59% of which are predicted to truncate proteins or disrupt splicing. We estimate that recurrent disruptive mutations in six genes-CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, TBR1, PTEN, and TBL1XR1-may contribute to 1% of sporadic ASDs. Our data support associations between specific genes and reciprocal subphenotypes (CHD8-macrocephaly and DYRK1A-microcephaly) and replicate the importance of a beta-catenin-chromatin-remodeling network to ASD etiology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528801/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528801/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Roak, Brian J -- Vives, Laura -- Fu, Wenqing -- Egertson, Jarrett D -- Stanaway, Ian B -- Phelps, Ian G -- Carvill, Gemma -- Kumar, Akash -- Lee, Choli -- Ankenman, Katy -- Munson, Jeff -- Hiatt, Joseph B -- Turner, Emily H -- Levy, Roie -- O'Day, Diana R -- Krumm, Niklas -- Coe, Bradley P -- Martin, Beth K -- Borenstein, Elhanan -- Nickerson, Deborah A -- Mefford, Heather C -- Doherty, Dan -- Akey, Joshua M -- Bernier, Raphael -- Eichler, Evan E -- Shendure, Jay -- HD065285/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS069605/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD065285/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS064077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069605/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1619-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1227764. Epub 2012 Nov 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cephalometry ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Cohort Studies ; DNA Probes ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Exome ; Female ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Megalencephaly/genetics ; Microcephaly/genetics ; *Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine ecology. Rising acidity brings an ocean of trouble (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):146-8. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6091.146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Neuroscience. Preventable forms of autism? (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4102925/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4102925/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaudet, Arthur L -- M01 RR000188/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG006485/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):342-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1229178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. abeaudet@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/*administration & ; dosage/*genetics ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*diet therapy/*genetics ; Epilepsy/*diet therapy/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Ecology. When paths to cooperation converge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sherratt, Thomas N -- Roberts, Gilbert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 14;337(6100):1304-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. tom_sherratt@carleton.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22984060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gulf oil spill. Researchers hail new restoration program funds (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):22. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6090.22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Gulf of Mexico ; Industry/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Petroleum ; *Petroleum Pollution/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; *Water Pollution, Chemical/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Illusions promote mating success in great bowerbirds (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: Sexual selection studies normally compare signal strengths, but signal components and sensory processing may interact to create misleading or attention-capturing illusions. Visual illusions can be produced by altering object and scene geometry in ways that trick the viewer when seen from a particular direction. Male great bowerbirds actively maintain size-distance gradients of objects on their bower courts that create forced-perspective illusions for females viewing their displays from within the bower avenue. We show a significant relationship between mating success and the female's view of the gradient; this view explains substantially more variance in mating success than the strength of the gradients. Illusions may be widespread in other animals because males of most species display to females with characteristic orientation and distance, providing excellent conditions for illusions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, Laura A -- Endler, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):335-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1212443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Optical Illusions ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Size Perception ; Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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