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  • 1
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    Modelling multiwavelength observational characteristics of bow shocks from runaway early-type stars (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-13
    Description: We assess the multiwavelength observable properties of the bow shock around a runaway early-type star using a combination of hydrodynamical modelling, radiative transfer calculations and synthetic imaging. Instabilities associated with the forward shock produce dense knots of material which are warm, ionized and contain dust. These knots of material are responsible for the majority of emission at far infrared, H α and radio wavelengths. The large-scale bow shock morphology is very similar and differences are primarily due to variations in the assumed spatial resolution. However infrared intensity slices (at 22 microns and 12 microns) show that the effects of a temperature gradient can be resolved at a realistic spatial resolution for an object at a distance of 1 kpc.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Essential role for mast cell tryptase in acute experimental colitis [Immunology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-05
    Description: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased numbers of human tryptase-β (hTryptase-β)-positive mast cells (MCs) in the gastrointestinal tract. The amino acid sequence of mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-6 is most similar to that of hTryptase-β. We therefore hypothesized that this mMCP, or the related tryptase mMCP-7, might have a prominent proinflammatory role in experimental colitis. The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis models were used to evaluate the differences between C57BL/6 (B6) mouse lines that differ in their expression of mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 with regard to weight loss, colon histopathology, and endoscopy scores. Microarray analyses were performed, and confirmatory real-time PCR, ELISA, and/or immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on a number of differentially expressed cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The mMCP-6–null mice that had been exposed to DSS had significantly less weight loss as well as significantly lower pathology and endoscopy scores than similarly treated mMCP-6–expressing mice. This difference in colitis severity was confirmed endoscopically in the TNBS-treated mice. Evaluation of the distal colon segments revealed that numerous proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines that preferentially attract neutrophils, and MMPs that participate in the remodeling of the ECM were all markedly increased in the colons of DSS-treated WT mice relative to untreated WT mice and DSS-treated mMCP-6–null mice. Collectively, our data show that mMCP-6 (but not mMCP-7) is an essential MC-restricted mediator in chemically induced colitis and that this tryptase acts upstream of many of the factors implicated in IBD.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Rapamycin-induced insulin resistance is mediated by mTORC2 loss and uncoupled from longevity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), extends the life spans of yeast, flies, and mice. Calorie restriction, which increases life span and insulin sensitivity, is proposed to function by inhibition of mTORC1, yet paradoxically, chronic administration of rapamycin substantially impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. We demonstrate that rapamycin disrupted a second mTOR complex, mTORC2, in vivo and that mTORC2 was required for the insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Further, decreased mTORC1 signaling was sufficient to extend life span independently from changes in glucose homeostasis, as female mice heterozygous for both mTOR and mLST8 exhibited decreased mTORC1 activity and extended life span but had normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Thus, mTORC2 disruption is an important mediator of the effects of rapamycin in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324089/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324089/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamming, Dudley W -- Ye, Lan -- Katajisto, Pekka -- Goncalves, Marcus D -- Saitoh, Maki -- Stevens, Deanna M -- Davis, James G -- Salmon, Adam B -- Richardson, Arlan -- Ahima, Rexford S -- Guertin, David A -- Sabatini, David M -- Baur, Joseph A -- 1F32AG032833-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG032833/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30DK19525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1215135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood ; *Insulin Resistance ; Liver/metabolism ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    An update on the rotational period of the magnetic chemically peculiar star CU Virginis (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-26
    Description: In order to measure the variations of the magnetic chemically peculiar star CU Vir, we obtained 2821 good Strömgren uvby photometric values from the Four College Automated Photometric Telescope in the period 1998–2012 and 5529 values from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager in the period 2003–2006, allowing us to further clarify the situation concerning its rotational period, described previously by Pyper et al. Our main result is that the O–C data since 1993 are consistent with a constant period of 0.520 7137 ± 0.000 0010 d, which is longer than the period 0.520 703 08 d of Pyper et al. The data during the time period 1993–2012 show no evidence of glitches. The data between 1987 and 1993 correspond to a shorter period of 0.520 701 d, and the inclusion of those data in the previous study made the published period come out shorter. We also cannot rule out a constantly lengthening period if the data since 1987 are included; however, the fit is slightly better for a constant period. At least five more years of consistent data will be required to distinguish between these two models. Radio astronomy data published since 1998 show phase shifts in the radio emission peaks that are inconsistent with the rotation period inferred from the optical photometry. These shifts may be due to instabilities in the region where the radio emissions originate; they indicate that the photosphere and the upper atmosphere are not rigidly coupled.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    The evolving polarized jet of black hole candidate Swift J1745-26 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-27
    Description: Swift J1745–26 is an X-ray binary towards the Galactic Centre that was detected when it went into outburst in 2012 September. This source is thought to be one of a growing number of sources that display ‘failed outbursts’, in which the self-absorbed radio jets of the transient source are never fully quenched and the thermal emission from the geometrically thin inner accretion disc never fully dominates the X-ray flux. We present multifrequency data from the Very Large Array, Australia Telescope Compact Array and Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7) radio arrays, spanning the entire period of the outburst. Our rich data set exposes radio emission that displays a high level of large-scale variability compared to the X-ray emission and deviations from the standard radio–X-ray correlation that are indicative of an unstable jet and confirm the outburst's transition from the canonical hard state to an intermediate state. We also observe steepening of the spectral index and an increase of the linear polarization to a large fraction (50 per cent) of the total flux, as well as a rotation of the electric vector position angle. These are consistent with a transformation from a self-absorbed compact jet to optically thin ejecta – the first time such a discrete ejection has been observed in a failed outburst – and may imply a complex magnetic field geometry.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of Ustilago violacea (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 555-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Fungal genetics ; Genetic mapping strategies ; Pathogenicity ; Meiotic nondisjunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Limited enrichment medium using seven different complex media and screening only small to very small sporidial colonies for auxotrophic mutants was more efficient and less tedious than replica-plating in obtaining a large collection of mutants with different phenotypes. Centromere-linkage values (CLVs) of 48 auxotrophic mutations were obtained by half-tetrad analysis and ranged from 0.5 cM to 31.3 cM and approximately 70% of the CLVs were within 10 cM of the centromere. Inocula of mutants with the same phenotype were either pathogenic or nonpathogenic depending on the availability of compounds in host-tissue required by the auxotrophic hyphae. Colonial morphology mutants included strains that gave diploid or aneuploid sporidia from teliospore colonies, indicating a relationship between the morphology mutation and meiotic nondisjunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419566
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
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    Estimating radiation doses from multidetector CT using Monte Carlo simulations: effects of different size voxelized patient models on magnitudes of organ and effective dose (2007)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-17
    Print ISSN: 0031-9155
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6560
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    A Monte Carlo based method to estimate radiation dose from multidetector CT (MDCT): cylindrical and anthropomorphic phantoms (2005)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-11
    Print ISSN: 0031-9155
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6560
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Continuous field estimation of dissolved organic carbon concentration and biochemical oxygen demand using dual-wavelength fluorescence, turbidity and temperature (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-30
    Description: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality and quantity is not measured routinely in-situ limiting our ability to quantify DOM process dynamics. This is problematic given legislative obligations to determine event based variability, however, recent advances in field deployable optical sensing technology provide the opportunity to address this problem. In this paper we outline a new approach for in-situ quantification of DOM quantity (Dissolved Organic Carbon: DOC) and a component of quality (Biochemical Oxygen Demand: BOD) using a multi-wavelength, through-flow fluorescence sensor. The sensor measured tryptophan-like (Peak T) and humic-like (Peak C) fluorescence, alongside water temperature and turbidity. Laboratory derived coefficients were developed to compensate for thermal quenching and turbidity interference (i.e. light attenuation and scattering). Field tests were undertaken on an urban river with ageing wastewater and stormwater infrastructure (Bourn Brook; Birmingham, UK). Sensor output was validated against laboratory determinations of DOC and BOD collected by discrete grab sampling during baseflow and stormflow conditions. Data driven regression models were then compared to laboratory correction methods. A combination of temperature and turbidity compensated Peak T and Peak C was found to be a good predictor of DOC concentration (R 2  = 0.92). Conversely, using temperature and turbidity correction coefficients provided low predictive power for BOD (R 2  = 0.46 and R 2  = 0.51, for Peak C and T respectively). For this study system, turbidity appeared to be a reasonable proxy for BOD, R 2  = 0.86. However, a linear mixed effect model with temperature compensated Peak T and turbidity provided a robust BOD prediction (R 2  = 0.95). These findings indicate that with careful initial calibration, multi-wavelength fluorescence, coupled with turbidity and temperature provides a feasible proxy for continuous, in-situ measurement of DOC concentration and BOD. This approach represents a cost effective monitoring solution, particularly when compared to UV- absorbance sensors and DOC analysers, and could be readily adopted for research and industrial applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Search for multiphoton events from proton-nuclei interactions at 300 GeV/c (1976)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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