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  • 1
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    Structural and functional studies of MITD1 [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-24
    Description: The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins have a critical function in abscission, the final separation of the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Here, we describe the structure and function of a previously uncharacterized ESCRT-III interacting protein, MIT-domain containing protein 1 (MITD1). Crystal structures of MITD1 reveal a dimer,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Seasonal and diel variation in greenhouse gas emissions from an urban pond and its major drivers (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Small water systems are important hotspots of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, but estimates are poorly constrained as data are scarce. Small ponds are often constructed in urban areas, where they receive large amounts of nutrients and therefore tend to be highly productive. Here, we investigated GHG emissions, seasonal and diel variation, and net ecosystem production (NEP) from an urban pond. In monthly 24‐h field campaigns during 11 months, diffusive water–atmosphere methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and CH4 ebullition and oxidation were quantified. With oxygen (O2) measurements, NEP was assessed. The pond was a net GHG source the entire year, with an emission of 3.4 kg CO2 eq m−2 yr−1. The dominant GHG emission pathway was CH4 ebullition (bubble flux, 50%), followed by diffusive emissions of CO2 (38%) and CH4 (12%). Sediment CH4 release was primarily driven by temperature and especially ebullition increased exponentially above a temperature threshold of 15°C. The pond's atmospheric CO2 exchange was not related to NEP or temperature but likely to a high allochthonous carbon (C) input via runoff and anaerobic mineralization of C. We expect urban ponds to show a large increase in GHG emission with increasing temperature, which should be considered carefully when constructing ponds in urban areas. Emissions may partly be counteracted by pond management focusing on a reduction of nutrient and organic matter input.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 3
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    Conservation. Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chown, S L -- Lee, J E -- Hughes, K A -- Barnes, J -- Barrett, P J -- Bergstrom, D M -- Convey, P -- Cowan, D A -- Crosbie, K -- Dyer, G -- Frenot, Y -- Grant, S M -- Herr, D -- Kennicutt, M C 2nd -- Lamers, M -- Murray, A -- Possingham, H P -- Reid, K -- Riddle, M J -- Ryan, P G -- Sanson, L -- Shaw, J D -- Sparrow, M D -- Summerhayes, C -- Terauds, A -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):158-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1222821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. steven.chown@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Salinity-induced increase of the hydraulic conductivity in the hyporheic zone of coastal wetlands (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-28
    Description: In coastal zones globally, salinization of surface water and groundwater is rapidly taking place due to the combined effects of sea level rise, land use change, land subsidence, altered hydrology and climate change. Although increased salinity levels are known to have a great impact on both biogeochemical and hydrological processes in aquatic sediments, only few studies have included both types of processes and their potential interactions. In the present paper, we used a controlled three years experimental mesocosm approach in the surface water of a Dutch coastal wetland to test these interactions as a result of salinization, and to discuss mechanisms explaining the observed hydrological changes. In enclosures (1000 l), surface water salinity was experimentally increased from 14 mmol to 140 mmol Cl l -1 (0.9 and 9 PSU) by adding sea salt. This not only strongly increased pore water salinity, but also increased sulphate reduction rates, leading to higher sulphide and lower methane concentrations. By analysing slug test data with three different slug test analysis methods, we were able to show that hydraulic conductivity of the hyporheic zone increased 2.8 times by salinization. This shows that increased salinity can strongly change the hydrological characteristics of the hyporheic zone in coastal wetlands. Based on our hydrological and biogeochemical measurements, we conclude that the combination of pore dilation and decreased methane production rates were major controls on the observed increase in hydraulic conductivity. The slug test analysis method comparison allowed to conclude that the adjusted Bouwer & Rice method results in the most reliable estimate of the hydraulic conductivity for hyporheic zones. Our work shows that both physical and biogeochemical processes are vital to explain and predict hydrological changes related to the salinization of hyporheic zones in coastal wetlands and provides a robust methodological approach for doing so.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Simulation of stream flow components in a mountainous catchment in northern Thailand with SWAT, using the ANSELM calibration approach (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-11
    Description: Highland agriculture is intensifying rapidly in Southeast-Asia leading to alarmingly high applications of agrochemicals. Understanding the fate of these contaminants requires carefully planned monitoring programs, and in most cases, accurate simulation of hydrological pathways into and through water bodies. We simulate runoff in a steep mountainous catchment in tropical SE Asia. To overcome calibration difficulties related to the mountainous topography, we introduce a new calibration method, named ANSELM (A Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Likelihood Match), which allows the assignment of optimal parameters to different hydrological response units in simulations of stream discharge with the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model. ANSELM performed better than the Parasol calibration tool built into SWAT in terms of model efficiency and computation time. In our simulation, the most sensitive model parameters were those related to base flow generation, surface runoff generation, flow routing, and soil moisture change. The coupling of SWAT with ANSELM yielded reasonable simulations of both wet- and dry-season storm hydrographs. Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies for daily stream flow during two validation years were 0.77 and 0.87. These values are in the upper range or even higher than those reported for other SWAT model applications in temperate or tropical regions. The different flow components were realistically simulated by SWAT, and showed a similar behavior in all the study years, despite inter-annual climatic differences. The realistic partitioning of total stream flow into its contributing components will be an important factor for using this hydrological model to simulate solute transport in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    A prescription and fast code for the long-term evolution of star clusters - III. Unequal masses and stellar evolution (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-13
    Description: We present a new version of the fast star cluster evolution code Evolve Me A Cluster of StarS ( emacss ). While previous versions of emacss reproduced clusters of single-mass stars, this version models clusters with an evolving stellar content. Stellar evolution dominates early evolution, and leads to: (1) reduction of the mean mass of stars due to the mass loss of high-mass stars; (2) expansion of the half-mass radius; (3) for (nearly) Roche Volume filling clusters, the induced escape of stars. Once sufficient relaxation has occurred (~=10 relaxation times-scales), clusters reach a second, ‘balanced’ state whereby the core releases energy as required by the cluster as a whole. In this state: (1) stars escape due to tidal effects faster than before balanced evolution; (2) the half-mass radius expands or contracts depending on the Roche volume filling factor; and (3) the mean mass of stars increases due to the preferential ejection of low-mass stars. We compare the emacss results of several cluster properties against N -body simulations of clusters spanning a range of initial number of stars, mass, half-mass radius, and tidal environments, and show that our prescription accurately predicts cluster evolution for this data base. Finally, we consider applications for emacss , such as studies of galactic globular cluster populations in cosmological simulations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Azolla along a phosphorus gradient: biphasic growth response linked to diazotroph traits and phosphorus-induced iron chlorosis (2018)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: Azolla along a phosphorus gradient: biphasic growth response linked to diazotroph traits and phosphorus-induced iron chlorosis 〈i〉Azolla〈/i〉 along a phosphorus gradient: biphasic growth response linked to diazotroph traits and phosphorus-induced iron chlorosis, Published online: 13 March 2018; doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22760-5 Azolla along a phosphorus gradient: biphasic growth response linked to diazotroph traits and phosphorus-induced iron chlorosis
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Scenario Development for Antarctic Tourism: Exploring the Uncertainties (2006)
    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 75(2/3), pp. 133-139, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS surface characterization of a Cu/SiO"2 catalyst oxidized by NO or O"2
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 68 (1993), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-4332(93)90266-E
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hormones and gradients in the initiation of cortex proliferation and nodule formation in Pisum sativum L. (1973)
    Springer
    Planta 114 (1973), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of exogenous phytohormones on proliferation of the root cortex, and their relation to the division factors from Rhizobium which participate in the initiation of root nodules, were studied using explants of root-cortex tissue from 7-day-old, sterile pea plants. The explants were cultured for 7 days on a synthetic nutrient medium supplemented with auxin, or auxin and cytokinin. With only auxin present in the medium, ca. 10% of the explants showed cell proliferation. With both auxin and cytokinin this percentage was much higher (ca. 80%). The active explants showed proliferation patterns which were similar to or could be derived from a pattern with three predominant meristematic areas in the inner cortex opposite the three xylem radii of the excised central cylinder. These proliferation patterns were similar to the initial proliferative stages in root-nodule formation in seedling intact roots. From this restricted division response of the explants to the hormones, a hypothesis of endogenous division factors is proposed. To test this hypothesis, extractions of root tissue were performed. The addition of a crude alcoholic extract from the central cylinder or the cortex to the medium resulted in cell divisions throughout the cortex. The results are interpreted as evidence for the presence of a transverse gradient system of (an) unknown cell-division factor(s) in the root cortex which may control the induction of cell divisions in nodule initiation brought about by the release of auxin and cytokinin from Rhizobium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390282
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