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  • *Ecosystem  (177)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (177)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • PANGAEA
  • 2000-2004  (177)
  • 2001  (177)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (177)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 2000-2004  (177)
Year
  • 1
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    Kentucky 31, far from home (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saikkonen, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland. karisaik@utu.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Fungi/*physiology ; Poaceae/growth & development/*microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Marine ecology. Warmer waters more deadly to coral reefs than pollution (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Contrary to conventional wisdom, warmer ocean waters are a greater threat to coral reefs than local environmental insults. That assessment comes from a new scientific report released this week that documents a sudden and steep jump in damage stemming from the 1997-98 El Nino-La Nina event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):682-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; Cnidaria/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Industry ; Oceans and Seas ; Temperature ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Marine environment. Clinton creates huge Hawaiian coral haven (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1873.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Hawaii
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Scale dependence in plant biodiversity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The relationship between the number of species and the area sampled is one of the oldest and best-documented patterns in community ecology. Several theoretical models and field data from a wide range of plant and animal taxa suggest that the slope, z, of a graph of the logarithm of species richness against the logarithm of area is roughly constant, with z approximately 0.25. We collected replicated and randomized plant data at 11 spatial scales from 0.01 to 10(8) square meters in Great Britain which show that the slope of the log-log plot is not constant, but varies systematically with spatial scale, and from habitat to habitat at the same spatial scale. Values of z were low (0.1 to 0.2) at small scales (〈100 square meters), high (0.4 to 0.5) at intermediate scales (1 hectare to 10 square kilometers), and low again (0.1 to 0.2) for the largest scale transitions (e.g., East Berks to all of Berkshire). Instead of one process determining changes in species richness across a wide range of scales, different processes might determine plant biodiversity at different spatial scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawley, M J -- Harral, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):864-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. m.crawley@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; England ; Mathematics ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Ecology and evolution. The risk of extinction--what you don't know will hurt you (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gittleman, J L -- Gompper, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):997-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology,University of Virginia,Charlottesville,Virginia 22903, USA. JLGittleman@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11232588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Artiodactyla ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Carnivora ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cues ; *Deer ; *Ecosystem ; *Predatory Behavior ; Ursidae ; Wolves
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The pandas' habitat at Wolong Nature Reserve (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baragona, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11476087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Ursidae
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    ENSO-like forcing on oceanic primary production during the Late Pleistocene (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: Late Pleistocene changes in oceanic primary productivity along the equator in the Indian and Pacific oceans are revealed by quantitative changes in nanoplankton communities preserved in nine deep-sea cores. We show that variations in equatorial productivity are primarily caused by glacial-interglacial variability and by precession-controlled changes in the east-west thermocline slope of the Indo-Pacific. The precession-controlled variations in productivity are linked to processes similar to the Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and they precede changes in the oxygen isotopic ratio, which indicates that they are not the result of ice sheet fluctuations. The 30,000-year spectral peak in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean productivity records is also present in the Antarctica atmospheric CO2 record, suggesting an important role for equatorial biological productivity in modifying atmospheric CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Mix, A C -- Pisias, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2440-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Indian Ocean ; Light ; Marine Biology ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; *Plankton ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Dam breaching and chinook salmon recovery (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dambacher, J M -- Rossignol, P A -- Li, H W -- Emlen, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):939.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. dambacherj@fsl.orst.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/growth & development/physiology ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Environmental policy. The other global pollutant: nitrogen proves tough to curb (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1268-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollutants ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Policy Making
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Conservation biology. Building a case for biological corridors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; Central America ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; England ; Environment ; Population Dynamics ; Sciuridae/genetics ; Scotland ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Did human hunting cause mass extinction? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grayson, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1459-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11713777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Paleoecology. Mass extinctions pinned on Ice Age hunters (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dayton, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Mammals ; North America ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Conservation biology. Bold corridor project confronts political reality (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2196-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central America ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; International Cooperation ; Mexico ; Politics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    An experiment for all seasons (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):624-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Government Agencies ; International Cooperation ; Internet ; Plants ; Research Support as Topic ; Software ; Time Factors ; Trees ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Ecology. A new wind sweeps the plains (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thacker, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2427.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11431551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Cattle ; *Ecosystem ; Midwestern United States ; Poaceae ; *Sciuridae ; United States ; Wyoming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    Divining a forest's future from its past (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):626.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Disasters ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies ; Massachusetts ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Ecological restoration. NRC panel pokes holes in Everglades scheme (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):959-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11232566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Florida ; Pilot Projects ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Recolonizing carnivores and naive prey: conservation lessons from Pleistocene extinctions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: The current extinction of many of Earth's large terrestrial carnivores has left some extant prey species lacking knowledge about contemporary predators, a situation roughly parallel to that 10,000 to 50,000 years ago, when naive animals first encountered colonizing human hunters. Along present-day carnivore recolonization fronts, brown (also called grizzly) bears killed predator-naive adult moose at disproportionately high rates in Scandinavia, and moose mothers who lost juveniles to recolonizing wolves in North America's Yellowstone region developed hypersensitivity to wolf howls. Although prey that had been unfamiliar with dangerous predators for as few as 50 to 130 years were highly vulnerable to initial encounters, behavioral adjustments to reduce predation transpired within a single generation. The fact that at least one prey species quickly learns to be wary of restored carnivores should negate fears about localized prey extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, J -- Swenson, J E -- Persson, I L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA. berger@unr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Arousal ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Carnivora ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cues ; *Deer ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; Odors ; *Predatory Behavior ; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries ; Ursidae ; Vocalization, Animal ; Wolves ; Wyoming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Plant diversity and niche complementarity had progressively stronger effects on ecosystem functioning during a 7-year experiment, with 16-species plots attaining 2.7 times greater biomass than monocultures. Diversity effects were neither transients nor explained solely by a few productive or unviable species. Rather, many higher-diversity plots outperformed the best monoculture. These results help resolve debate over biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, show effects at higher than expected diversity levels, and demonstrate, for these ecosystems, that even the best-chosen monocultures cannot achieve greater productivity or carbon stores than higher-diversity sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilman, D -- Reich, P B -- Knops, J -- Wedin, D -- Mielke, T -- Lehman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):843-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. tilman@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Minnesota ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons
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  • 20
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    Endangered right whales on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tynan, C T -- DeMaster, D P -- Peterson, W T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1894.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA 98112, USA. Cynthia.Tynan@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Food Chain ; *Geography ; Pacific Ocean ; Seawater ; Survival Rate ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Whales/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 21
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    Where the grass never stops growing (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickrell, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):625.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; England ; *Fertilizers ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Indication of global deforestation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary by New Zealand fern spike (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: The devastating effect on terrestrial plant communities of a bolide impact at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is shown in fossil pollen and spore assemblages by a diverse flora being abruptly replaced by one dominated by a few species of fern. Well documented in North America, this fern spike signals widespread deforestation due to an impact winter or massive wildfires. A Southern Hemisphere record of a fern spike, together with a large iridium anomaly, indicates that the devastation was truly global. Recovery of New Zealand plant communities followed a pattern consistent with major climatic perturbations occurring after an impact winter that was possibly preceded by global wildfires.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vajda, V -- Raine, J I -- Hollis, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1700-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, Lund University, Tornavagen 13, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden. vivi.vajda@geol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/physiology ; Animals ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Cold Climate ; *Disasters ; Dust ; *Ecosystem ; Ferns/*physiology ; Fires ; Fossils ; Gymnosperms/physiology ; *Meteoroids ; New Zealand ; North America ; Pollen/physiology ; Spores/physiology ; Sunlight ; Trees/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The Gulf War's aftermath: Kuwait unveils plan to treat festering desert wound (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shouse, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1410.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Kuwait ; *Petroleum ; Plant Development ; *Soil Pollutants ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: We assessed the impacts of anthropogenic threats on 93 protected areas in 22 tropical countries to test the hypothesis that parks are an effective means to protect tropical biodiversity. We found that the majority of parks are successful at stopping land clearing, and to a lesser degree effective at mitigating logging, hunting, fire, and grazing. Park effectiveness correlates with basic management activities such as enforcement, boundary demarcation, and direct compensation to local communities, suggesting that even modest increases in funding would directly increase the ability of parks to protect tropical biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruner, A G -- Gullison, R E -- Rice, R E -- da Fonseca, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):125-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International, 2501 M Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037, USA. a.bruner@conservation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    Rapid diversification of a species-rich genus of neotropical rain forest trees (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: Species richness in the tropics has been attributed to the gradual accumulation of species over a long geological period in stable equatorial climates or, conversely, to speciation in response to late Tertiary geological events and unstable Pleistocene climates. DNA sequence data are consistent with recent diversification in Inga, a species-rich neotropical tree genus. We estimate that speciation was concentrated in the past 10 million years, with many species arising as recently as 2 million years ago. This coincides with the more recent major uplifts of the Andes, the bridging of the Isthmus of Panama, and Quaternary glacial cycles. Inga may be representative of other species-rich neotropical genera with rapid growth and reproduction, which contribute substantially to species numbers in the world's most diverse flora.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, J E -- Pennington, R T -- Pennington, T D -- Hollingsworth, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2242-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Central America ; DNA, Chloroplast/genetics ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Fabaceae/classification/genetics/growth & development ; Fossils ; Genes, Plant ; Phylogeny ; *Plants, Medicinal ; South America ; Time ; *Trees/classification/genetics/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    GM crops and patterns of pesticide use (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):637-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Pesticides/toxicity ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invasive species. Will black carp be the next zebra mussel? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture ; *Carps ; *Ecosystem ; Fish Diseases/*prevention & control ; Fishes ; Mississippi ; Mollusca ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Snails/parasitology ; Trematoda ; Trematode Infections/prevention & control/*veterinary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    Ecology. Aquaculture--a gateway for exotic species (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naylor, R L -- Williams, S L -- Strong, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1655-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Environmental Science and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6055, USA. roz@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Carps/physiology ; Catfishes/parasitology ; *Ecosystem ; Fish Diseases/economics/*parasitology/transmission ; Fisheries/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Food Chain ; Food Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; International Cooperation ; Marine Biology ; Mollusca/physiology ; Ostreidae/parasitology/physiology ; Pest Control, Biological/economics/methods ; Risk ; Salmon/parasitology/physiology ; Seaweed/physiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Nonequilibrium diversity dynamics of the Lesser Antillean avifauna (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-17
    Description: MacArthur and Wilson's model of island diversity predicts an increase in the number of species until colonization and extinction are balanced at a long-term steady state. We appraise this model on an evolutionary time scale by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the colonization of the Lesser Antilles by small land birds. The pattern of accumulation of species with time, estimated by genetic divergence between island and source lineages, rejects a homogeneous model of colonization and extinction. Rather, our results suggest an abrupt, roughly 10-fold increase in colonization rate or a 90% mass extinction event 0.55 to 0.75 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ricklefs, R E -- Bermingham, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA. ricklefs@umsl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Songbirds/genetics/physiology ; Stochastic Processes ; West Indies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    Green invaders of the Galapagos Islands (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magee, J -- McMullen, C K -- Reaser, J K -- Spitzer, E -- Struve, S -- Tufts, C -- Tye, A -- Woodruff, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1279-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11702790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; *Plant Development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
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    Ecology and conservation. Whose fish are they anyway? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magnuson, J J -- Safina, C -- Sissenwine, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1267-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jmagnuson@mhub.limnology.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diving ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Swimming ; Tuna/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 32
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    A global strategy to defeat invasive species (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waage, J K -- Reaser, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *International Cooperation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    Marine biology. Keeping the stygian waters at bay (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):968-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11232575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fertilizers ; Nitrogen ; *Oxygen ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; United States ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Zooplankton/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 34
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    Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: Marine reserves have been widely promoted as conservation and fishery management tools. There are robust demonstrations of conservation benefits, but fishery benefits remain controversial. We show that marine reserves in Florida (United States) and St. Lucia have enhanced adjacent fisheries. Within 5 years of creation, a network of five small reserves in St. Lucia increased adjacent catches of artisanal fishers by between 46 and 90%, depending on the type of gear the fishers used. In Florida, reserve zones in the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge have supplied increasing numbers of world record-sized fish to adjacent recreational fisheries since the 1970s. Our study confirms theoretical predictions that marine reserves can play a key role in supporting fisheries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, C M -- Bohnsack, J A -- Gell, F -- Hawkins, J P -- Goodridge, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cr10@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Biomass ; Cnidaria/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Fishes/physiology ; Florida ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Saint Lucia ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Interannual variability in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was assessed with long-term (mean = 12 years) data from 11 Long Term Ecological Research sites across North America. The greatest interannual variability in ANPP occurred in grasslands and old fields, with forests the least variable. At a continental scale, ANPP was strongly correlated with annual precipitation. However, interannual variability in ANPP was not related to variability in precipitation. Instead, maximum variability in ANPP occurred in biomes where high potential growth rates of herbaceous vegetation were combined with moderate variability in precipitation. In the most dynamic biomes, ANPP responded more strongly to wet than to dry years. Recognition of the fourfold range in ANPP dynamics across biomes and of the factors that constrain this variability is critical for detecting the biotic impacts of global change phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knapp, A K -- Smith, M D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):481-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Climate ; Cold Climate ; Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; North America ; *Plant Development ; *Rain ; Snow ; Trees/*growth & development
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Coral reef biodiversity--habitat size matters (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knowlton, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1493-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0202, USA. nknowlton@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: When individuals of two species interact, they can adjust their phenotypes in response to their respective partner, be they antagonists or mutualists. The reciprocal phenotypic change between individuals of interacting species can reflect an evolutionary response to spatial and temporal variation in species interactions and ecologically result in the structuring of food chains. The evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity has led to the success of organisms in novel habitats, and potentially contributes to genetic differentiation and speciation. Taken together, phenotypic responses in species interactions represent modifications that can lead to reciprocal change in ecological time, altered community patterns, and expanded evolutionary potential of species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agrawal, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):321-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. agrawal@botany.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Mutation ; *Phenotype ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Predatory Behavior ; Symbiosis
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    Global change. Sharing the garden (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Field, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2490-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. chris@globalecology.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Food ; Food Chain ; Forestry ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; Statistics as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Agbiotech. Seeds of discontent (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charles, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):772-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biotechnology ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; *International Cooperation ; *Seeds ; Zea mays/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human appropriation of photosynthesis products (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: Previous global estimates of the human impact on terrestrial photosynthesis products depended heavily on extrapolation from plot-scale measurements. Here, we estimated this impact with the use of recent data, many of which were collected at global and continental scales. Monte Carlo techniques that incorporate known and estimated error in our parameters provided estimates of uncertainty. We estimate that humans appropriate 10 to 55% of terrestrial photosynthesis products. This broad range reflects uncertainty in key parameters and makes it difficult to ascertain whether we are approaching crisis levels in our use of the planet's resources. Improved estimates will require high-resolution global measures within agricultural lands and tropical forests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rojstaczer, S -- Sterling, S M -- Moore, N J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Hydrologic Science and Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Biomass ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Food ; *Forestry ; Fresh Water ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Monte Carlo Method ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Probability ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    But maybe counting is the easiest part (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Husted, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1834.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11732549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Science Disciplines/*methods/standards ; Classification/*methods ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Population ecology. Not all sheep are equal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaillard, J M -- Festa-Bianchet, M -- Yoccoz, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1499-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite Mixte de Recherche No. 5558 "Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive," University of Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France. gaillard@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hebrides ; Male ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sheep/physiology ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine biology. Interest blooms in growing jellyfish boom (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Scyphozoa/*physiology ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A multispecies overkill simulation of the end-Pleistocene megafaunal mass extinction (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: A computer simulation of North American end-Pleistocene human and large herbivore population dynamics correctly predicts the extinction or survival of 32 out of 41 prey species. Slow human population growth rates, random hunting, and low maximum hunting effort are assumed; additional parameters are based on published values. Predictions are close to observed values for overall extinction rates, human population densities, game consumption rates, and the temporal overlap of humans and extinct species. Results are robust to variation in unconstrained parameters. This fully mechanistic model accounts for megafaunal extinction without invoking climate change and secondary ecological effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alroy, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1893-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. alroy@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Climate ; *Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Mammals ; North America ; *Paleontology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    North American Paleontological convention meeting. Fossils with lessons for conservation biology (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):592-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bivalvia/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Body Constitution ; *Cnidaria ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Humans ; Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geology. North American devastation or global cataclysm? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flannery, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1668-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉South Australian Museum, Adelaide, 5000 Australia. flannery.tim@saugov.sa.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Ferns/*physiology ; Fossils ; *Meteoroids ; New Zealand ; North America ; Pollen/physiology ; Spores/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Were there duikers in ancient Egypt? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manlius, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11249809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antelopes ; *Ecosystem ; Egypt ; *Paintings
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conservation conflicts across Africa (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-03
    Description: There is increasing evidence that areas of outstanding conservation importance may coincide with dense human settlement or impact. We tested the generality of these findings using 1 degree-resolution data for sub-Saharan Africa. We find that human population density is positively correlated with species richness of birds, mammals, snakes, and amphibians. This association holds for widespread, narrowly endemic, and threatened species and looks set to persist in the face of foreseeable population growth. Our results contradict earlier expectations of low conflict based on the idea that species richness decreases and human impact increases with primary productivity. We find that across Africa, both variables instead exhibit unimodal relationships with productivity. Modifying priority-setting to take account of human density shows that, at this scale, conflicts between conservation and development are not easily avoided, because many densely inhabited grid cells contain species found nowhere else.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, A -- Moore, J L -- Brooks, T -- Burgess, N -- Hansen, L A -- Williams, P -- Rahbek, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2616-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Amphibians ; Animals ; Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Snakes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change as the dominant control on glacial-interglacial variations in C3 and C4 plant abundance (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: Although C4 plant expansions have been recognized in the late Miocene, identification of the underlying causes is complicated by the uncertainties associated with estimates of ancient precipitation, temperature, and partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (PCO2). Here we report the carbon isotopic compositions of leaf wax n-alkanes in lake sediment cores from two sites in Mesoamerica that have experienced contrasting moisture variations since the last glacial maximum. Opposite isotopic trends obtained from these two sites indicate that regional climate exerts a strong control on the relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants and that in the absence of favorable moisture and temperature conditions, low PCO2 alone is insufficient to drive an expansion of C4 plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Y -- Street-Perrott, F A -- Metcalfe, S E -- Brenner, M -- Moreland, M -- Freeman, K H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1647-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkanes/analysis ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Guatemala ; Mexico ; Photosynthesis ; *Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/*growth & development/metabolism ; Pollen ; Rain ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Trees/growth & development ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invasive carp in the Mississippi River Basin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chick, J H -- Pegg, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2250-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11424944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carps/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fishes/physiology ; Fresh Water ; Plankton ; Population Growth ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceans. Dis-crediting ocean fertilization (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chisholm, S W -- Falkowski, P G -- Cullen, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):309-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. chisholm@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Fertilizers ; Food Chain ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Iron ; Oceans and Seas ; Patents as Topic ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Safety data crucial for biological control insect agents (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pemberton, R W -- Strong, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1896-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Insects ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Safety
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Stalking the wild mustard (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Arabidopsis thaliana is not just for plant biologists anymore. A few intrepid ecologists and evolutionary biologists are now touting its merits as a system in which to study the genetic basis of the traits they study. The newly completed genome sequence is allowing researchers to connect the genotype--an organism's particular mix of genes--with its phenotype--how that organism develops and acts--in ways that have not been possible in other organisms whose genetics are not as well known.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2055-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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    Ecology. Species-area relations in tropical forests (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: A power law called the species-area relationship describes the finding that the number of species is proportional to the size of the area in which they are found, raised to an exponent (usually, a number between 0.2 and 0.3). In their Perspective, May and Stumpf discuss new results from a survey of five tropical forest census areas containing a total of a million trees. They explain how this large data set can be used to fine-tune the existing power law so that it provides a better prediction of species diversity in small census samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉May, R M -- Stumpf, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2084-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoology Department, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. robert.may@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; India ; Malaysia ; Mathematics ; Panama ; Thailand ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Eastern Europe. Adriatic nations team up to explore spreading marine mystery (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Scientists hope that unlocking the mystery of a slimy biomass that sometimes despoils the sparkling blue-green waters of the Adriatic Sea will push open the door to greater international scientific collaboration in the troubled region. The biomass's once-rare appearances have become increasingly frequent in the last decade, making it perhaps the most visible sign of environmental stress in the northern Adriatic. But its growing notoriety may have a silver lining: a major international program to study pollution and other environmental trends in the Adriatic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Europe, Eastern ; *International Cooperation ; Italy ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/physiology ; *Research ; *Water Pollution
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    Ecology/paleontology. Colorado River clams provide benchmark (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Conservationists have long contended, largely in impressionistic terms, that 70 years of American dam building and water diversion have destroyed the biological richness of the Colorado River delta, a key nursery of marine life at the end of the Southwest's great watercourse. Now researchers have confirmed those suspicions, using an important ecological player--clams--as a quantitative marker.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muro, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2045-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bivalvia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water ; Paleontology ; Southwestern United States
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    Thoughts on the causes of tree mortality in Appalachia (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neufeld, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 17;290(5495):1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain/*toxicity ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Appalachian Region ; *Ecosystem ; Ozone/toxicity ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Assessing biodiversity and ecological stability (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method
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    Of salmon and dams (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collie, J -- Saila, S -- Walters, C -- Carpenter, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):933-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Government Agencies ; Models, Biological ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium. Reef migrations, bleaching effects stir the air in Bali (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: More than 1500 marine biologists, ecologists, conservationists, and community activists met at this Bali resort from 23 to 27 October for the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium. Topics included the dynamics of reef fish communities and the lingering impacts of coral bleaching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 17;290(5495):1282-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cnidaria/*physiology ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/genetics/*physiology ; Genetics, Population ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    What story is told by oceanic tracer concentrations? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruber, N -- Keller, K -- Key, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrates/*analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Phosphates/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Self-similarity and clustering in the spatial distribution of species (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostling, A -- Harte, J -- Green, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cluster Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes all other pervasive human disturbance to coastal ecosystems, including pollution, degradation of water quality, and anthropogenic climate change. Historical abundances of large consumer species were fantastically large in comparison with recent observations. Paleoecological, archaeological, and historical data show that time lags of decades to centuries occurred between the onset of overfishing and consequent changes in ecological communities, because unfished species of similar trophic level assumed the ecological roles of overfished species until they too were overfished or died of epidemic diseases related to overcrowding. Retrospective data not only help to clarify underlying causes and rates of ecological change, but they also demonstrate achievable goals for restoration and management of coastal ecosystems that could not even be contemplated based on the limited perspective of recent observations alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, J B -- Kirby, M X -- Berger, W H -- Bjorndal, K A -- Botsford, L W -- Bourque, B J -- Bradbury, R H -- Cooke, R -- Erlandson, J -- Estes, J A -- Hughes, T P -- Kidwell, S -- Lange, C B -- Lenihan, H S -- Pandolfi, J M -- Peterson, C H -- Steneck, R S -- Tegner, M J -- Warner, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):629-37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA. jbcj@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; Bacteria ; Cnidaria ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fishes ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; *Marine Biology ; Seaweed ; Shellfish ; Time Factors
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    Climate change. Where has all the carbon gone? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wofsy, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2261-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. scw@io.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Atmosphere ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; China ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Forestry ; Fossil Fuels ; Industry ; Public Policy ; Soil ; *Trees/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Restoring the vitality of rich wetlands (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, K F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1447.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; International Cooperation ; Plants
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Natural restoration of the species-area relation for a lizard after a hurricane (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-17
    Description: We document the decimation and recovery of the commonest lizard species, Anolis sagrei, on 66 islands in the Bahamas that were directly hit by Hurricane Floyd in September 1999. Before the hurricane, an island's area was a better predictor of the occurrence of A. sagrei than was its altitude. Immediately after, altitude was a better predictor: Apparently all lizards on islands lower than about 3 meters maximum elevation perished in the storm surge. After about 1 year, area again became the better predictor. By 19 months after the hurricane, A. sagrei populations occurred on 88% of the islands they formerly occupied. Recovery occurred via overwater colonization and propagation from eggs that survived inundation, mechanisms that were enhanced by larger island area. Thus, natural processes first destroyed and then quickly restored a highly regular species-area distribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoener, T W -- Spiller, D A -- Losos, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. twschoener@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altitude ; Animals ; Bahamas ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; *Lizards/physiology ; Ovum/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Time Factors
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    Rising CO2 levels and the fecundity of forest trees (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: We determined the reproductive response of 19-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to 4 years of carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment (ambient concentration plus 200 microliters per liter) in an intact forest. After 3 years of CO2 fumigation, trees were twice as likely to be reproductively mature and produced three times as many cones and seeds as trees at ambient CO2 concentration. A disproportionate carbon allocation to reproduction under CO2 enrichment results in trees reaching maturity sooner and at a smaller size. This reproductive response to future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to change loblolly dispersal and recruitment patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LaDeau, S L -- Clark, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):95-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. sll8@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Gymnosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; North Carolina ; Photosynthesis ; Probability ; Reproduction ; Seeds/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Trees/growth & development/*physiology
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    Climate change. Storing carbon on land (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholes, R J -- Noble, I R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1012-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIR Division of Water, Environment and Forest Technology, Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa. bscholes@csir.co.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Air Pollution ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; Oceans and Seas ; Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Noisy clockwork: time series analysis of population fluctuations in animals (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Both biotic interactions and abiotic random forcing are crucial influences on population dynamics. This frequently leads to roughly equal importance of deterministic and stochastic forces. The resulting tension between noise and determinism makes ecological dynamics unique, with conceptual and methodological challenges distinctive from those in other dynamical systems. The theory for stochastic, nonlinear ecological dynamics has been developed alongside methods to test models. A range of dynamical components has been considered-density dependence, environmental and demographic stochasticity, and climatic forcing-as well as their often complex interactions. We discuss recent advances in understanding ecological dynamics and testing theory using long-term data and review how dynamical forces interact to generate some central field and laboratory time series.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjornstad, O N -- Grenfell, B T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):638-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. onb1@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes ; Time Factors
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    Control of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: A comparative (15)N-tracer study of nitrogen dynamics in headwater streams from biomes throughout North America demonstrates that streams exert control over nutrient exports to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. The most rapid uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen occurred in the smallest streams. Ammonium entering these streams was removed from the water within a few tens to hundreds of meters. Nitrate was also removed from stream water but traveled a distance 5 to 10 times as long, on average, as ammonium. Despite low ammonium concentration in stream water, nitrification rates were high, indicating that small streams are potentially important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide. During seasons of high biological activity, the reaches of headwater streams typically export downstream less than half of the input of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from their watersheds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, B J -- Wollheim, W M -- Mulholland, P J -- Webster, J R -- Meyer, J L -- Tank, J L -- Marti, E -- Bowden, W B -- Valett, H M -- Hershey, A E -- McDowell, W H -- Dodds, W K -- Hamilton, S K -- Gregory, S -- Morrall, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):86-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Biofilms ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; *Fresh Water ; Fungi/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seasons ; United States
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    The state of coral reef science (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veron, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):1996-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11558534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Mollusca
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    Paleontology. Paring down the big five mass extinctions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2072-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Mammals ; *Paleontology ; Seawater
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    Tree diversity in tropical rain forests: a validation of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: The "intermediate disturbance hypothesis," which postulates maximum diversity at intermediate regimes of disturbance, has never been clearly proved to apply to species-rich tropical forest tree communities and to local-scale canopy disturbances that modify light environments. This hypothesis was tested on a sample of 17,000 trees in a Guianan forest, 10 years after a silvicultural experiment that added to natural treefall gaps a wide range of disturbance intensities. Species richness, standardized to eliminate density effects, peaked at intermediate disturbance levels, particularly when disturbance intensity was estimated through the percentage of stems of strongly light-dependent species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Molino, J F -- Sabatier, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1702-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, c/o Cirad-foret, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA10/D, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. molino@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; French Guiana ; Germination ; *Models, Biological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasons ; Seeds/physiology ; Soil ; Sunlight ; Time Factors ; Trees/growth & development/*physiology ; *Tropical Climate
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    Infiltration of a Hawaiian community by introduced biological control agents (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: To examine the community-wide effects of introduced biocontrol agents on Kauai Island, Hawaii, we constructed quantitative food webs showing interactions among plants, moths, and moth parasitoids in a native forest. Eighty-three percent of parasitoids reared from native moths were biological control agents, 14% were accidental immigrants, and 3% were native species. Although parasitism by biological control agents reached 28% in some species of moth, all biocontrol agents reared had been released before 1945. This study highlights the importance of considering the potential damage caused by an introduced control agent, in addition to that caused by the target alien species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henneman, M L -- Memmott, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; Hawaii ; Larva/physiology ; Moths/*parasitology/*physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plants ; Trees ; Wasps/*physiology
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    The pandas' habitat at Wolong Nature Reserve (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brooks, T -- Bruner, A G -- Brunner, J -- da Fonseca, G A -- Liu, R -- Sung, W -- Yan, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11476086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Ursidae
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    Ecology. Tropical forest diversity--the plot thickens (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Also see the archival list of Science's Compass: Enhanced Perspectives ECOLOGY:Enhanced: Tropical Forest Diversity--The Plot Thickens David F. R. P. Burslem, Nancy C. Garwood, Sean C. Thomas Ecologists have long pondered why tropical forests contain such a huge number of species and what factors might be responsible for maintaining this diversity. In a Perspective, Burslem and colleagues discuss unique data sets from the forest dynamics plots (FDP) network, which shed light on the factors responsible for tropical forest diversity. D. F. R. P. Burslem is in the Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. E-mail: d.burslem@abdn.ac.uk. N. C. Garwood is in the Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. E-mail: ncg@nhm.ac.uk. S. C. Thomas is in the Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B3, Canada. E-mail: sc.thomas@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burslem, D F -- Garwood, N C -- Thomas, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11158665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Long-term studies of vegetation dynamics (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: By integrating a wide range of experimental, comparative, and theoretical approaches, ecologists are starting to gain a detailed understanding of the long-term dynamics of vegetation. We explore how patterns of variation in demographic traits among species have provided insight into the processes that structure plant communities. We find a common set of mechanisms, derived from ecological and evolutionary principles, that underlie the main forces shaping systems as diverse as annual plant communities and tropical forests. Trait variation between species maintains diversity and has important implications for ecosystem processes. Hence, greater understanding of how Earth's vegetation functions will likely require integration of ecosystem science with ideas from plant evolutionary, population, and community ecology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rees, M -- Condit, R -- Crawley, M -- Pacala, S -- Tilman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):650-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial College and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7PY, UK. mrees@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Seeds ; Time Factors ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Preservation of species abundance in marine death assemblages (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: Fossil assemblages of skeletal material are thought to differ from their source live communities, particularly in relative abundance of species, owing to potential bias from postmortem transport and time-averaging of multiple generations. However, statistical meta-analysis of 85 marine molluscan data sets indicates that, although sensitive to sieve mesh-size and environment, time-averaged death assemblages retain a strong signal of species' original rank orders. Naturally accumulated death assemblages thus provide a reliable means of acquiring the abundance data that are key to a new generation of paleobiologic and macroecologic questions and to extending ecological time-series via sedimentary cores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kidwell, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. skidwell@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Mollusca ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Parasitic plants major problem to food crops (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Musselman, L J -- Yoder, J I -- Westwood, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1434.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11526939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*physiology ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Did human hunting cause mass extinction? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, R -- Skulan, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1459-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11713778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Mammals ; North America ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Extinction: complexity of assessing risk (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacPhee, R D -- Flemming, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):217-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Artiodactyla ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mammals ; Risk Factors ; *Rodentia
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Ecology. Parasitic wasps invade Hawaiian ecosystem (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; Hawaii ; Moths/*parasitology/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plants ; Trees ; Wasps/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 83
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    Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Planning and decision-making can be improved by access to reliable forecasts of ecosystem state, ecosystem services, and natural capital. Availability of new data sets, together with progress in computation and statistics, will increase our ability to forecast ecosystem change. An agenda that would lead toward a capacity to produce, evaluate, and communicate forecasts of critical ecosystem services requires a process that engages scientists and decision-makers. Interdisciplinary linkages are necessary because of the climate and societal controls on ecosystems, the feedbacks involving social change, and the decision-making relevance of forecasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, J S -- Carpenter, S R -- Barber, M -- Collins, S -- Dobson, A -- Foley, J A -- Lodge, D M -- Pascual, M -- Pielke, R Jr -- Pizer, W -- Pringle, C -- Reid, W V -- Rose, K A -- Sala, O -- Schlesinger, W H -- Wall, D H -- Wear, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):657-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA. jimclark@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Decision Making ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Epidemiology ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Policy Making ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Counting all species (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samper, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11732548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Science Disciplines/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/manpower ; *Classification ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Developing Countries/economics ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Mexico ; Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/manpower ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Ecology. U.N. report suggests slowed forest losses (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Collection ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; *United Nations ; United States
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  • 86
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    Ecology. Cave biologists unearth buried treasure (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Arthropods/physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Food Chain ; Fungi/physiology ; Geologic Sediments ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Predatory Behavior ; Vertebrates/physiology
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  • 87
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    Geology. Thermal features bubble in Yellowstone Lake (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1479-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacteria ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water ; *Geologic Sediments ; Hot Temperature ; Pressure ; Steam ; Wyoming
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  • 88
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    Ecology. Defending deadwood (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1579-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Fresh Water ; Fungi/growth & development/metabolism ; Mammals ; *Trees ; United States ; *Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 89
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    Databases tailored for biodiversity conservation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, A T -- Boitani, L -- Bibby, C -- Brackett, D -- Corsi, F -- da Fonseca, G A -- Gascon, C -- Dixon, M G -- Hilton-Taylor, C -- Mace, G -- Mittermeier, R A -- Rabinovich, J -- Richardson, B J -- Rylands, A -- Stein, B -- Stuart, S -- Thomsen, J -- Wilson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Computational Biology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem
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  • 90
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    Conservation biology. Galapagos station survives latest attack by fishers (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Researchers at the Darwin Research Station are attempting to put the pieces back together after a festering dispute over fishing quotas turned violent between 13 and 17 November. The fuse that set off the most recent conflagration was an annual 50-ton limit on spiny lobsters that local fishers reached barely halfway into the 4-month season. Unruly bands of fishers laid siege to the station and the park service, blocked roads and offices, tore down the island's telephone antenna, and destroyed research records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2059-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Fishes ; Nephropidae ; *Violence
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  • 91
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    Ecology. Plant invader may use chemical weapons (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: On page 521, plant ecologists offer a novel explanation for the success of invasive plants. By comparing how one species of knapweed, Centaurea diffusa, behaves with its natural neighbors and with foreign plant species that evolved separately, they found that the invader apparently gains an edges in its adopted home not only by ditching its herbivores but by wielding weaponry: chemicals exuded from its roots that hamper its new neighbors' growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jensen, M N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):421-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; Asteraceae/growth & development/*physiology ; Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Montana ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Poaceae/*growth & development/metabolism
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  • 92
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    Saving Kyoto. Soaking up carbon in forests and fields (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):922.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Air Pollutants ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; European Union ; Fossil Fuels ; Statistics as Topic ; *Trees ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
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  • 93
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    Ecology. The lion and the lamb find closure (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Interactions between enemies and their victims are found in all ecological communities. But what has puzzled ecologists is how victims and enemies coexist together for long periods of time without all of the victims being killed off. In a Perspective, Hastings explains a new model (Keeling et al.), which shows that variation in the distribution of victim and enemy species acts as a stabilizing factor in interactions between them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hastings, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1712-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. amhastings@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11186394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insects/*parasitology/*physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; Stochastic Processes ; Time Factors
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  • 94
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    "Kyoto forests" and a broader perspective of management (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marland, G -- Schlamadinger, B -- Matthews, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1895-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11144307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry ; *Trees/growth & development
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    AAAS meeting. Lake Vostok: stirred, not shaken (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irion, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1689.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/*microbiology ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice
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    Acid rain. Long-term data show lingering effects from acid rain (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):195-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain/*adverse effects/legislation & jurisprudence ; Air Pollutants ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Fresh Water ; Plankton/physiology ; Soil ; Trees/physiology ; United States
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  • 97
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    Ecology. Arctic life, on thin ice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):424-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; *Ice ; Oceans and Seas ; Temperature
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    Museum collections and conservation efforts (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kress, W J -- Miller, S E -- Krupnick, G A -- Lovejoy, T E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):828-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11225629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Computational Biology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Museums ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Paleoecology. Measuring past biodiversity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, J B -- Johnson, K G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2401-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. jbcj@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Classification ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Invertebrates/classification ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Paleontology ; Panama ; Sampling Studies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Canada. Scientists want tougher endangered species law (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1417.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Canada ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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