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  • 1
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    Mesozoic Biotas of Scandinavia and its Arctic Territories (2016)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Scandinavia and its Arctic territories of Svalbard and Greenland represent geographical regions with a long history of Mesozoic palaeontology. However, the last few decades have witnessed a surge of new discoveries. Especially famous are the Triassic and Late Jurassic Lagerstätten of East Greenland and Spitsbergen in the Svalbard Archipelago, together with the Late Cretaceous strata of southern Sweden and the UNESCO World Heritage locality at Stevns Klint in Denmark. The latter records one of the most complete terminal Mesozoic rock successions known globally. Collectively, these deposits encompass the spectrum of Mesozoic biotic evolution, including the explosive radiation of marine faunas after the Permian–Triassic extinction, seminal specialization of amniotes for life in the sea, Late Triassic–Jurassic domination of the land by dinosaurs and the Cretaceous development of modern terrestrial floras and marine ecosystems. This volume, authored by leading experts in the field, encapsulates key aspects of the latest research and will provide a benchmark for future investigations into the Scandinavian Mesozoic world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862397484
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/434/1.toc
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Indication of global deforestation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary by New Zealand fern spike (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: The devastating effect on terrestrial plant communities of a bolide impact at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is shown in fossil pollen and spore assemblages by a diverse flora being abruptly replaced by one dominated by a few species of fern. Well documented in North America, this fern spike signals widespread deforestation due to an impact winter or massive wildfires. A Southern Hemisphere record of a fern spike, together with a large iridium anomaly, indicates that the devastation was truly global. Recovery of New Zealand plant communities followed a pattern consistent with major climatic perturbations occurring after an impact winter that was possibly preceded by global wildfires.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vajda, V -- Raine, J I -- Hollis, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1700-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, Lund University, Tornavagen 13, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden. vivi.vajda@geol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/physiology ; Animals ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Cold Climate ; *Disasters ; Dust ; *Ecosystem ; Ferns/*physiology ; Fires ; Fossils ; Gymnosperms/physiology ; *Meteoroids ; New Zealand ; North America ; Pollen/physiology ; Spores/physiology ; Sunlight ; Trees/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Fungal proliferation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vajda, Vivi -- McLoughlin, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden. vivi.vajda@geol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Coal ; Ferns/growth & development ; Fungi/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hyphae/isolation & purification ; Mining ; New Zealand ; *Paleontology ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; Pollen ; Spores/isolation & purification ; Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary approximately 65.5 million years ago marks one of the three largest mass extinctions in the past 500 million years. The extinction event coincided with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and occurred within the time of Deccan flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we synthesize records of the global stratigraphy across this boundary to assess the proposed causes of the mass extinction. Notably, a single ejecta-rich deposit compositionally linked to the Chicxulub impact is globally distributed at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The temporal match between the ejecta layer and the onset of the extinctions and the agreement of ecological patterns in the fossil record with modeled environmental perturbations (for example, darkness and cooling) lead us to conclude that the Chicxulub impact triggered the mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulte, Peter -- Alegret, Laia -- Arenillas, Ignacio -- Arz, Jose A -- Barton, Penny J -- Bown, Paul R -- Bralower, Timothy J -- Christeson, Gail L -- Claeys, Philippe -- Cockell, Charles S -- Collins, Gareth S -- Deutsch, Alexander -- Goldin, Tamara J -- Goto, Kazuhisa -- Grajales-Nishimura, Jose M -- Grieve, Richard A F -- Gulick, Sean P S -- Johnson, Kirk R -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Koeberl, Christian -- Kring, David A -- MacLeod, Kenneth G -- Matsui, Takafumi -- Melosh, Jay -- Montanari, Alessandro -- Morgan, Joanna V -- Neal, Clive R -- Nichols, Douglas J -- Norris, Richard D -- Pierazzo, Elisabetta -- Ravizza, Greg -- Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario -- Reimold, Wolf Uwe -- Robin, Eric -- Salge, Tobias -- Speijer, Robert P -- Sweet, Arthur R -- Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime -- Vajda, Vivi -- Whalen, Michael T -- Willumsen, Pi S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1214-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. schulte@geol.uni-erlangen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Mexico ; *Minor Planets
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Fossilized nuclei and chromosomes reveal 180 million years of genomic stasis in royal ferns (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Rapidly permineralized fossils can provide exceptional insights into the evolution of life over geological time. Here, we present an exquisitely preserved, calcified stem of a royal fern (Osmundaceae) from Early Jurassic lahar deposits of Sweden in which authigenic mineral precipitation from hydrothermal brines occurred so rapidly that it preserved cytoplasm, cytosol granules, nuclei, and even chromosomes in various stages of cell division. Morphometric parameters of interphase nuclei match those of extant Osmundaceae, indicating that the genome size of these reputed "living fossils" has remained unchanged over at least 180 million years-a paramount example of evolutionary stasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bomfleur, Benjamin -- McLoughlin, Stephen -- Vajda, Vivi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1376-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1249884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/*ultrastructure ; Chromosomes, Plant/*ultrastructure ; Ferns/*genetics/ultrastructure ; *Fossils ; *Genome, Plant ; Sweden ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Moderate levels of Eocene p CO 2 indicated by Southern Hemisphere fossil plant stomata (2019)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉Reducing the uncertainty in predictions of future climate change is one of today’s greatest scientific challenges, with many significant problems unsolved, including the relationship between 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and global temperature. To better constrain these forecasts, it is meaningful to study past time intervals of global warmth, such as the Eocene (56.0–33.9 Ma), serving as climatic analogues for the future. Here we reconstructed 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 using the stomatal densities of a large fossil Lauraceae (laurel) leaf database from ten sites across the Eocene of Australia and New Zealand. We show that mostly moderate 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 levels of ~450–600 ppm prevailed throughout the Eocene, levels that are considerably lower than the 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO forcing currently needed to recreate Eocene temperatures in climate models. Our data record significantly lower 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 than inferred from marine isotopes, but concur with previously published Northern Hemisphere Eocene stomatal proxy 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. We argue that the now globally consistent stomatal proxy 〈span〉p〈/span〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 record for the Eocene is robust and that climate sensitivity was elevated and/or that additional climate forcings operated more powerfully than previously assumed.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
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    Vacuum ultra-violet damage and damage mitigation for plasma processing of highly porous organosilicate glass dielectrics (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: Porous organosilicate glass thin films, with k-value 2.0, were exposed to 147 nm vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) photons emitted in a Xenon capacitive coupled plasma discharge. Strong methyl bond depletion was observed, concomitant with a significant increase of the bulk dielectric constant. This indicates that, besides reactive radical diffusion, photons emitted during plasma processing do impede dielectric properties and therefore need to be tackled appropriately during patterning and integration. The detrimental effect of VUV irradiation can be partly suppressed by stuffing the low-k porous matrix with proper sacrificial polymers showing high VUV absorption together with good thermal and VUV stability. In addition, the choice of an appropriate hard-mask, showing high VUV absorption, can minimize VUV damage. Particular processing conditions allow to minimize the fluence of photons to the substrate and lead to negligible VUV damage. For patterned structures, in order to reduce VUV damage in the bulk and on feature sidewalls, the combination of both pore stuffing/material densification and absorbing hard-mask is recommended, and/or the use of low VUV-emitting plasma discharge.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    First evidence of the Cretaceous decapod crustacean Protocallianassa from Sweden (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-31
    Description: An assemblage of the burrowing ghost shrimp, Protocallianassa faujasi , is described, providing the first evidence of this decapod species from Sweden. The fossils occur in successions of the informal earliest late Campanian Belemnellocamax balsvikensis zone at Åsen and the latest early Campanian B. mammillatus zone at Ivö Klack, both in the Kristianstad Basin of NE Skåne. Numerous, heavily calcified chelipeds were found within a restricted bed at Åsen that was rich in carbonate-cemented nodules. Based on the burrowing lifestyle of modern mud shrimps, we interpret these nodules as infilled burrow chambers. The low abundance of molluscs within the Protocallianassa beds is also consistent with analogous extant communities, indicating that a similar ecologically exclusive relationship ruled within the Late Cretaceous shallow-marine ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 9
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    An Early Jurassic flora from the Clarence-Moreton Basin, Australia (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6667
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0615
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Obliquity-paced high-latitude Mesozoic climate [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: Empirical constraints on orbital gravitational solutions for the Solar System can be derived from the Earth’s geological record of past climates. Lithologically based paleoclimate data from the thick, coal-bearing, fluvial-lacustrine sequences of the Junggar Basin of Northwestern China (paleolatitude ∼60°) show that climate variability of the warm and glacier-free high...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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