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  • 1
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    ENSO-like forcing on oceanic primary production during the Late Pleistocene (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: Late Pleistocene changes in oceanic primary productivity along the equator in the Indian and Pacific oceans are revealed by quantitative changes in nanoplankton communities preserved in nine deep-sea cores. We show that variations in equatorial productivity are primarily caused by glacial-interglacial variability and by precession-controlled changes in the east-west thermocline slope of the Indo-Pacific. The precession-controlled variations in productivity are linked to processes similar to the Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and they precede changes in the oxygen isotopic ratio, which indicates that they are not the result of ice sheet fluctuations. The 30,000-year spectral peak in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean productivity records is also present in the Antarctica atmospheric CO2 record, suggesting an important role for equatorial biological productivity in modifying atmospheric CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Mix, A C -- Pisias, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2440-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Indian Ocean ; Light ; Marine Biology ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; *Plankton ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    X-ray nanotomography of coccolithophores reveals that coccolith mass and segment number correlate with grid size (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Insolation cycles as a major control of equatorial indian ocean primary production (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: Analysis of a continuous sedimentary record taken in the Maldives indicates that strong primary production fluctuations (70 to 390 grams of carbon per square meter per year) have occurred in the equatorial Indian Ocean during the past 910,000 years. The record of primary production is coherent and in phase with the February equatorial insolation, whereas it shows diverse phase behavior with delta18O, depending on the orbital frequency (eccentricity, obliquity, or precession) examined. These observations imply a direct control of productivity in the equatorial oceanic system by insolation. In the equatorial Indian Ocean, productivity is driven by the wind intensity of westerlies, which is related to the Southern Oscillation; therefore, it is suggested that a precession forcing on the Southern Oscillation is responsible for the observed paleoproductivity dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort -- Lancelot -- Camberlin -- Cayre -- Vincent -- Bassinot -- Labeyrie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1451-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉L. Beaufort, Y. Lancelot, O. Cayre, E. Vincent, Laboratoire de Geologie du Quaternaire du CNRS, CEREGE, Boite Postale 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France. P. Camberlin, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Universite de Bourgogne, Boi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9367955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are abundant phytoplankton that are responsible for a large part of modern oceanic carbonate production. Culture experiments investigating the physiological response of coccolithophore calcification to increased CO(2) have yielded contradictory results between and even within species. Here we quantified the calcite mass of dominant coccolithophores in the present ocean and over the past forty thousand years, and found a marked pattern of decreasing calcification with increasing partial pressure of CO(2) and concomitant decreasing concentrations of CO(3)(2-). Our analyses revealed that differentially calcified species and morphotypes are distributed in the ocean according to carbonate chemistry. A substantial impact on the marine carbon cycle might be expected upon extrapolation of this correlation to predicted ocean acidification in the future. However, our discovery of a heavily calcified Emiliania huxleyi morphotype in modern waters with low pH highlights the complexity of assemblage-level responses to environmental forcing factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- Probert, I -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Bendif, E M -- Ruiz-Pino, D -- Metzl, N -- Goyet, C -- Buchet, N -- Coupel, P -- Grelaud, M -- Rost, B -- Rickaby, R E M -- de Vargas, C -- 205150/European Research Council/International -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):80-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CEREGE, CNRS/Universite Aix-Marseille, Avenue L. Philibert BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 4, France. beaufort@cerege.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/chemistry/metabolism ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Body Weight ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry ; Carbonic Acid/*analysis/chemistry ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Haptophyta/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Partial Pressure ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/chemistry/*metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Quantified intermediate water oxygenation history of the NE Pacific: A new benthic foraminiferal record from Santa Barbara Basin (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-31
    Description: [1]  The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the late Quaternary California margin experienced abrupt and dramatic changes in strength and depth in response to changes in intermediate water ventilation, ocean productivity and climate at orbital through millennial time-scales. Expansion and contraction of the OMZ is exhibited at high temporal resolution (107-126 yr) by quantitative benthic foraminiferal assemblage changes in two piston cores forming a vertical profile in Santa Barbara Basin (569 m, basin floor; 481 m, near sill depth) to 34 and 24 ka, respectively. Variation in the OMZ is quantified by new benthic foraminiferal groupings and new dissolved oxygen index based on documented relations between species and water-mass oxygen concentrations. Foraminiferal-based paleoenvironmental assessments are integrated with principal component analysis, bioturbation, grain size, CaCO 3 , TOC, and δ 13 C to reconstruct basin oxygenation history. Fauna responded similarly between the two sites, although with somewhat different magnitude and taxonomic expression. During cool episodes (Younger Dryas, and stadials) the water column was well oxygenated, most strongly near the end of the glacial episode (17-16 ka; Heinrich 1). In contrast, the OMZ was strong during warm episodes (Bølling/Allerød, interstadials and Pre-Boreal). During the Bølling/Allerød, the OMZ shoaled to 〈360 m of contemporaneous sea level, its greatest vertical expansion of the last glacial cycle. Assemblages were then dominated by Bolivina tumida , reflecting high concentrations of dissolved methane in bottom waters. Short decadal intervals were so severely oxygen-depleted that no benthic foraminifera were present. The middle to late Holocene (6-0 ka) was less dysoxic than the early Holocene.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXEMPLE ?APPLIGATION DE LA GRAVIMETRIE A ĽETUDE DES MASSES SALIFERES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 14 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An ill-defined seismic marker has been identified as the top of the sandstone lower Trias in the “Landes”– small area within the whole Aquitaine region for which the S. N. Repal obtained prospecting licences. Before any drilling was made, this marker was thought to belong to the early saliferous triassic series.The quantitative use of the residual gravity anomaly has made the seismic reflection interpretation easier. This interpretation was found to give excellent results along the coastline where all postulated hypothesis proved true in the bore holes of Contis and St Girons.As a first approximation, it appears that the substratum of the saliferous bed in sub-horizontal and has a fairly steady gravity. The Jurassic and the Cretaceous, both limestones, are prevailing (0,15) in comparison with the argillaceous-saliferous Trias and the early Tertiary which was revealed to us with accuracy through seismic surveys. The use of an approximative linear equation where the gravimetric residue is expressed as a function of the limestone thickness allows a better seismic interpretation.This makes possible a more reliable approach of the structural study of post-triassic deposits. The same holds good for the sandstone substratum which shows on an isochronous map strains due to thickness and velocity changes in the overburden. These facts help us to get a better insight into the origin and formation of salt accumulations in this particular area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1966.tb01745.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
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    Evidence for large methane releases to the atmosphere from deep-sea gas-hydrate dissociation during the last glacial episode (2004)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Climatically driven emissions of hydrocarbons from marine sediments during deglaciation (2006)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-30
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Why marine phytoplankton calcify (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: Calcifying marine phytoplankton—coccolithophores— are some of the most successful yet enigmatic organisms in the ocean and are at risk from global change. To better understand how they will be affected, we need to know "why" coccolithophores calcify. We review coccolithophorid evolutionary history and cell biology as well as insights from recent experiments to provide a critical assessment of the costs and benefits of calcification. We conclude that calcification has high energy demands and that coccolithophores might have calcified initially to reduce grazing pressure but that additional benefits such as protection from photodamage and viral/bacterial attack further explain their high diversity and broad spectrum ecology. The cost-benefit aspect of these traits is illustrated by novel ecosystem modeling, although conclusive observations remain limited. In the future ocean, the trade-off between changing ecological and physiological costs of calcification and their benefits will ultimately decide how this important group is affected by ocean acidification and global warming.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Poleward expansion of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: Coccolithophores are one of the most abundant eukaryotic phytoplankton in the oceans and are distinguished by their ability to build calcitic platelets (coccoliths). Of the numerous species, Emiliania huxleyi is considered one of the major calcifiers in the pelagic ocean. There is growing concern that increasing levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere and the subsequent acidification of the ocean may disrupt the production of coccoliths. Furthermore, any change in the global distribution and abundance of E. huxleyi relative to non-calcifying groups of phytoplankton (e.g. diatoms) will have important effects on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and climatic feedbacks. We review different lines of evidence that suggest E. huxleyi is increasingly expanding its range into the polar oceans. These observations contribute to the debate on the climatic effects on natural coccolithophore populations. We postulate that E. huxleyi may be more sensitive to recent environmental changes such as increasing sea surface temperature and salinity than to changing ocean carbonate chemistry, partly because increased availability of CO 2 (aq) likely alleviates a carbon limitation for the inefficient Rubisco enzyme in these algae. Any potentially important climatic feedbacks of coccolithophores need a better knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of adaptation by natural populations. As more data and modelling work become available, the real significance of this poleward expansion will become clear.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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