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  • 1
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    Evaluating drivers of Pleistocene eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Description: Sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern equatorial Pacific is a key component of tropical oceanic and atmospheric circulation with global teleconnections. Forcing factors such as local and high-latitude insolation changes, ice sheet size and albedo feedbacks, and greenhouse gas radiation have been proposed as controls of long-term eastern tropical Pacific SST, though the precise role each mechanism plays is not fully known on glacial-interglacial or longer timescales. Here, proposed mechanisms are evaluated by comparing orbital-scale records of eastern Pacific SST with forcing variability over the past 1.5 Ma. The primary SST records are a compilation of new and existing data from ODP Site 1239 at the northeastern margin of the modern eastern Pacific cold tongue and Site 846 SST within the cold tongue. Using timeseries analysis, we test previously proposed mechanisms for control of long-term tropical SST change and SST gradients in the eastern Pacific. We find that, within statistical uncertainties, in the precession band eastern Pacific SST is consistent with direct forcing by equatorial radiation changes in the tropical cold season (summer-fall) rather than inversely correlated as previously suggested. In the obliquity band high-latitude solar forcing leads or is in phase with eastern equatorial Pacific SST, while in the eccentricity band atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are closely associated with cold tongue SST. Pleistocene eastern Pacific SST gradients indicate that the gradient on the northern margin of the cold tongue strengthened through the mid-Pleistocene transition, a result compatible with the cold tongue becoming more focused at ~900-650 ka.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    The deglacial transition on the southeastern Alaska Margin: Meltwater input, sea level rise, marine productivity, and sedimentary anoxia (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-29
    Description: Oxygen isotope data from planktonic and benthic foraminifera, on a high-resolution age model (44 14C dates spanning 17,400 years), document deglacial environmental change on the southeast Alaska margin (59°33.32′N, 144°9.21′W, 682 m water depth). Surface freshening (i.e., δ18O reduction of 0.8‰) began at 16,650 ± 170 cal years B.P. during an interval of ice proximal sedimentation, likely due to freshwater input from melting glaciers. A sharp transition to laminated hemipelagic sediments constrains retreat of regional outlet glaciers onto land circa 14,790 ± 380 cal years B.P. Abrupt warming and/or freshening of the surface ocean (i.e., additional δ18O reduction of 0.9‰) coincides with the Bølling Interstade of northern Europe and Greenland. Cooling and/or higher salinities returned during the Allerød interval, coincident with the Antarctic Cold Reversal, and continue until 11,740 ± 200 cal years B.P., when onset of warming coincides with the end of the Younger Dryas. An abrupt 1‰ reduction in benthic δ18O at 14,250 ± 290 cal years B.P. likely reflects a decrease in bottom water salinity driven by deep mixing of glacial meltwater, a regional megaflood event, or brine formation associated with sea ice. Two laminated opal-rich intervals record discrete episodes of high productivity during the last deglaciation. These events, precisely dated here at 14,790 ± 380 to 12,990 ± 190 cal years B.P. and 11,160 ± 130 to 10,750 ± 220 cal years B.P., likely correlate to similar features observed elsewhere on the margins of the North Pacific and are coeval with episodes of rapid sea level rise. Remobilization of iron from newly inundated continental shelves may have helped to fuel these episodes of elevated primary productivity and sedimentary anoxia.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    ENSO-like forcing on oceanic primary production during the Late Pleistocene (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: Late Pleistocene changes in oceanic primary productivity along the equator in the Indian and Pacific oceans are revealed by quantitative changes in nanoplankton communities preserved in nine deep-sea cores. We show that variations in equatorial productivity are primarily caused by glacial-interglacial variability and by precession-controlled changes in the east-west thermocline slope of the Indo-Pacific. The precession-controlled variations in productivity are linked to processes similar to the Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and they precede changes in the oxygen isotopic ratio, which indicates that they are not the result of ice sheet fluctuations. The 30,000-year spectral peak in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean productivity records is also present in the Antarctica atmospheric CO2 record, suggesting an important role for equatorial biological productivity in modifying atmospheric CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Mix, A C -- Pisias, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2440-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Indian Ocean ; Light ; Marine Biology ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; *Plankton ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Climate sensitivity estimated from temperature reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Assessing the impact of future anthropogenic carbon emissions is currently impeded by uncertainties in our knowledge of equilibrium climate sensitivity to atmospheric carbon dioxide doubling. Previous studies suggest 3 kelvin (K) as the best estimate, 2 to 4.5 K as the 66% probability range, and nonzero probabilities for much higher values, the latter implying a small chance of high-impact climate changes that would be difficult to avoid. Here, combining extensive sea and land surface temperature reconstructions from the Last Glacial Maximum with climate model simulations, we estimate a lower median (2.3 K) and reduced uncertainty (1.7 to 2.6 K as the 66% probability range, which can be widened using alternate assumptions or data subsets). Assuming that paleoclimatic constraints apply to the future, as predicted by our model, these results imply a lower probability of imminent extreme climatic change than previously thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmittner, Andreas -- Urban, Nathan M -- Shakun, Jeremy D -- Mahowald, Natalie M -- Clark, Peter U -- Bartlein, Patrick J -- Mix, Alan C -- Rosell-Mele, Antoni -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1385-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1203513. Epub 2011 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA. aschmitt@coas.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Rapid rise of sea level 19,000 years ago and its global implications (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Evidence from the Irish Sea basin supports the existence of an abrupt rise in sea level (meltwater pulse) at 19,000 years before the present (B.P.). Climate records indicate a large reduction in the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water formation and attendant cooling of the North Atlantic at this time, indicating a source of the meltwater pulse from one or more Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Warming of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the Southern Hemisphere also began at 19,000 years B.P. These responses identify mechanisms responsible for the propagation of deglacial climate signals to the Southern Hemisphere and tropics while maintaining a cold climate in the Northern Hemisphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Peter U -- McCabe, A Marshall -- Mix, Alan C -- Weaver, Andrew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1141-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. clarkp@geo.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-07
    Description: The covariation of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration and temperature in Antarctic ice-core records suggests a close link between CO(2) and climate during the Pleistocene ice ages. The role and relative importance of CO(2) in producing these climate changes remains unclear, however, in part because the ice-core deuterium record reflects local rather than global temperature. Here we construct a record of global surface temperature from 80 proxy records and show that temperature is correlated with and generally lags CO(2) during the last (that is, the most recent) deglaciation. Differences between the respective temperature changes of the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere parallel variations in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation recorded in marine sediments. These observations, together with transient global climate model simulations, support the conclusion that an antiphased hemispheric temperature response to ocean circulation changes superimposed on globally in-phase warming driven by increasing CO(2) concentrations is an explanation for much of the temperature change at the end of the most recent ice age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shakun, Jeremy D -- Clark, Peter U -- He, Feng -- Marcott, Shaun A -- Mix, Alan C -- Liu, Zhengyu -- Otto-Bliesner, Bette -- Schmittner, Andreas -- Bard, Edouard -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 4;484(7392):49-54. doi: 10.1038/nature10915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. shakun@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22481357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; Fossils ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; Greenland ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Monte Carlo Method ; Pollen ; Seawater/analysis ; *Temperature ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: Surface temperature reconstructions of the past 1500 years suggest that recent warming is unprecedented in that time. Here we provide a broader perspective by reconstructing regional and global temperature anomalies for the past 11,300 years from 73 globally distributed records. Early Holocene (10,000 to 5000 years ago) warmth is followed by ~0.7 degrees C cooling through the middle to late Holocene (〈5000 years ago), culminating in the coolest temperatures of the Holocene during the Little Ice Age, about 200 years ago. This cooling is largely associated with ~2 degrees C change in the North Atlantic. Current global temperatures of the past decade have not yet exceeded peak interglacial values but are warmer than during ~75% of the Holocene temperature history. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change model projections for 2100 exceed the full distribution of Holocene temperature under all plausible greenhouse gas emission scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcott, Shaun A -- Shakun, Jeremy D -- Clark, Peter U -- Mix, Alan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1198-201. doi: 10.1126/science.1228026.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. marcotts@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Global Warming/*history/statistics & numerical data ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Paleoclimate. Synchronization of North Pacific and Greenland climates preceded abrupt deglacial warming (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: Some proposed mechanisms for transmission of major climate change events between the North Pacific and North Atlantic predict opposing patterns of variations; others suggest synchronization. Resolving this conflict has implications for regulation of poleward heat transport and global climate change. New multidecadal-resolution foraminiferal oxygen isotope records from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) reveal sudden shifts between intervals of synchroneity and asynchroneity with the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) delta(18)O record over the past 18,000 years. Synchronization of these regions occurred 15,500 to 11,000 years ago, just prior to and throughout the most abrupt climate transitions of the last 20,000 years, suggesting that dynamic coupling of North Pacific and North Atlantic climates may lead to critical transitions in Earth's climate system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Praetorius, Summer K -- Mix, Alan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):444-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1252000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. spraetor@coas.oregonstate.edu. ; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Climate Change ; Freezing ; Greenland ; *Ice ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: Marine sediments from the North Pacific document two episodes of expansion and strengthening of the subsurface oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) accompanied by seafloor hypoxia during the last deglacial transition. The mechanisms driving this hypoxia remain under debate. We present a new high-resolution alkenone palaeotemperature reconstruction from the Gulf of Alaska that reveals two abrupt warming events of 4-5 degrees Celsius at the onset of the Bolling and Holocene intervals that coincide with sudden shifts to hypoxia at intermediate depths. The presence of diatomaceous laminations and hypoxia-tolerant benthic foraminiferal species, peaks in redox-sensitive trace metals, and enhanced (15)N/(14)N ratio of organic matter, collectively suggest association with high export production. A decrease in (18)O/(16)O values of benthic foraminifera accompanying the most severe deoxygenation event indicates subsurface warming of up to about 2 degrees Celsius. We infer that abrupt warming triggered expansion of the North Pacific OMZ through reduced oxygen solubility and increased marine productivity via physiological effects; following initiation of hypoxia, remobilization of iron from hypoxic sediments could have provided a positive feedback on ocean deoxygenation through increased nutrient utilization and carbon export. Such a biogeochemical amplification process implies high sensitivity of OMZ expansion to warming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Praetorius, S K -- Mix, A C -- Walczak, M H -- Wolhowe, M D -- Addison, J A -- Prahl, F G -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):362-6. doi: 10.1038/nature15753.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. ; US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Diatoms/metabolism ; Feedback ; Foraminifera/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Global Warming/*history ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Pacific Ocean ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Solubility ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reassessment of ice-age cooling of the tropical ocean and atmosphere (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 399 (1999), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The CLIMAP project's reconstruction of past sea surface temperature inferred limited ice-age cooling in the tropical oceans. This conclusion has been controversial, however, because of the greater cooling indicated by other terrestrial and ocean proxy data. A new faunal sea surface temperature ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/21401
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