ALBERT

Description: About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are abundant phytoplankton that are responsible for a large part of modern oceanic carbonate production. Culture experiments investigating the physiological response of coccolithophore calcification to increased CO(2) have yielded contradictory results between and even within species. Here we quantified the calcite mass of dominant coccolithophores in the present ocean and over the past forty thousand years, and found a marked pattern of decreasing calcification with increasing partial pressure of CO(2) and concomitant decreasing concentrations of CO(3)(2-). Our analyses revealed that differentially calcified species and morphotypes are distributed in the ocean according to carbonate chemistry. A substantial impact on the marine carbon cycle might be expected upon extrapolation of this correlation to predicted ocean acidification in the future. However, our discovery of a heavily calcified Emiliania huxleyi morphotype in modern waters with low pH highlights the complexity of assemblage-level responses to environmental forcing factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- Probert, I -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Bendif, E M -- Ruiz-Pino, D -- Metzl, N -- Goyet, C -- Buchet, N -- Coupel, P -- Grelaud, M -- Rost, B -- Rickaby, R E M -- de Vargas, C -- 205150/European Research Council/International -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):80-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CEREGE, CNRS/Universite Aix-Marseille, Avenue L. Philibert BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 4, France. beaufort@cerege.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Marine plankton support global biological and geochemical processes. Surveys of their biodiversity have hitherto been geographically restricted and have not accounted for the full range of plankton size. We assessed eukaryotic diversity from 334 size-fractionated photic-zone plankton communities collected across tropical and temperate oceans during the circumglobal Tara Oceans expedition. We analyzed 18S ribosomal DNA sequences across the intermediate plankton-size spectrum from the smallest unicellular eukaryotes (protists, 〉0.8 micrometers) to small animals of a few millimeters. Eukaryotic ribosomal diversity saturated at ~150,000 operational taxonomic units, about one-third of which could not be assigned to known eukaryotic groups. Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the ~11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies. Most eukaryotic plankton biodiversity belonged to heterotrophic protistan groups, particularly those known to be parasites or symbiotic hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vargas, Colomban -- Audic, Stephane -- Henry, Nicolas -- Decelle, Johan -- Mahe, Frederic -- Logares, Ramiro -- Lara, Enrique -- Berney, Cedric -- Le Bescot, Noan -- Probert, Ian -- Carmichael, Margaux -- Poulain, Julie -- Romac, Sarah -- Colin, Sebastien -- Aury, Jean-Marc -- Bittner, Lucie -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Dunthorn, Micah -- Engelen, Stefan -- Flegontova, Olga -- Guidi, Lionel -- Horak, Ales -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Lima-Mendez, Gipsi -- Lukes, Julius -- Malviya, Shruti -- Morard, Raphael -- Mulot, Matthieu -- Scalco, Eleonora -- Siano, Raffaele -- Vincent, Flora -- Zingone, Adriana -- Dimier, Celine -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Bork, Peer -- Bowler, Chris -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Grimsley, Nigel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Raes, Jeroen -- Sieracki, Michael E -- Speich, Sabrina -- Stemmann, Lars -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261605. doi: 10.1126/science.1261605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Street, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Science (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. ; Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. ; CNRS, FR2424, Roscoff Culture Collection, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, FR 2424, Roscoff Culture Collection, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. ; CNRS FR3631, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75005, Paris, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, F-75005, Paris, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger Street, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. ; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. ; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Ifremer, Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos CS 10070, 29280 Plouzane, France. ; Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; CNRS UMR 7232, Biologie Integrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Sorbonne Universites Paris 06, Observatoire Oceanologique de Banyuls (OOB) UPMC, Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; Directors' Research, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The widespread popularity of density functional theory has given rise to an extensive range of dedicated codes for predicting molecular and crystalline properties. However, each code implements the formalism in a different way, raising questions about the reproducibility of such predictions. We report the results of a community-wide effort that compared 15 solid-state codes, using 40 different potentials or basis set types, to assess the quality of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof equations of state for 71 elemental crystals. We conclude that predictions from recent codes and pseudopotentials agree very well, with pairwise differences that are comparable to those between different high-precision experiments. Older methods, however, have less precise agreement. Our benchmark provides a framework for users and developers to document the precision of new applications and methodological improvements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lejaeghere, Kurt -- Bihlmayer, Gustav -- Bjorkman, Torbjorn -- Blaha, Peter -- Blugel, Stefan -- Blum, Volker -- Caliste, Damien -- Castelli, Ivano E -- Clark, Stewart J -- Dal Corso, Andrea -- de Gironcoli, Stefano -- Deutsch, Thierry -- Dewhurst, John Kay -- Di Marco, Igor -- Draxl, Claudia -- Dulak, Marcin -- Eriksson, Olle -- Flores-Livas, Jose A -- Garrity, Kevin F -- Genovese, Luigi -- Giannozzi, Paolo -- Giantomassi, Matteo -- Goedecker, Stefan -- Gonze, Xavier -- Granas, Oscar -- Gross, E K U -- Gulans, Andris -- Gygi, Francois -- Hamann, D R -- Hasnip, Phil J -- Holzwarth, N A W -- Iusan, Diana -- Jochym, Dominik B -- Jollet, Francois -- Jones, Daniel -- Kresse, Georg -- Koepernik, Klaus -- Kucukbenli, Emine -- Kvashnin, Yaroslav O -- Locht, Inka L M -- Lubeck, Sven -- Marsman, Martijn -- Marzari, Nicola -- Nitzsche, Ulrike -- Nordstrom, Lars -- Ozaki, Taisuke -- Paulatto, Lorenzo -- Pickard, Chris J -- Poelmans, Ward -- Probert, Matt I J -- Refson, Keith -- Richter, Manuel -- Rignanese, Gian-Marco -- Saha, Santanu -- Scheffler, Matthias -- Schlipf, Martin -- Schwarz, Karlheinz -- Sharma, Sangeeta -- Tavazza, Francesca -- Thunstrom, Patrik -- Tkatchenko, Alexandre -- Torrent, Marc -- Vanderbilt, David -- van Setten, Michiel J -- Van Speybroeck, Veronique -- Wills, John M -- Yates, Jonathan R -- Zhang, Guo-Xu -- Cottenier, Stefaan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):aad3000. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. ; Peter Grunberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Julich and JARA (Julich Aachen Research Alliance), D-52425 Julich, Germany. ; Department of Physics, Abo Akademi, FI-20500 Turku, Finland. Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience (COMP) and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Post Office Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. ; Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ; Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie-Modeling and Material Exploration Department (INAC-MEM), Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim), F-38042 Grenoble, France. Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), INAC-MEM, L_Sim, F-38054 Grenoble, France. ; Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Institut fur Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Zum Grossen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. ; Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. ; Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. ; Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. ; Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Nanoscopic Physics (NAPS), Universite Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Etoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. ; Institut fur Physik, Universitat Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA. Mat-Sim Research, Post Office Box 742, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. ; Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA. ; Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. ; CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. ; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. ; Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. ; LeibnizInstitut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universitat Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. ; Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Institut fur Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Zum Grossen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. ; LeibnizInstitut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. ; Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan. ; Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Materiaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universites-Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7590, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) Unite de Recherche 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. ; Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. High Performance Computing Unit, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. ; Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK. ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. ; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, USA. ; Institute for Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. ; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA. ; Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. ; Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. ; Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The interrogation of genetic markers in environmental meta-barcoding studies is currently seriously hindered by the lack of taxonomically curated reference data sets for the targeted genes. The Protist Ribosomal Reference database (PR 2 , http://ssu-rrna.org/ ) provides a unique access to eukaryotic small sub-unit (SSU) ribosomal RNA and DNA sequences, with curated taxonomy. The database mainly consists of nuclear-encoded protistan sequences. However, metazoans, land plants, macrosporic fungi and eukaryotic organelles (mitochondrion, plastid and others) are also included because they are useful for the analysis of high-troughput sequencing data sets. Introns and putative chimeric sequences have been also carefully checked. Taxonomic assignation of sequences consists of eight unique taxonomic fields. In total, 136 866 sequences are nuclear encoded, 45 708 (36 501 mitochondrial and 9657 chloroplastic) are from organelles, the remaining being putative chimeric sequences. The website allows the users to download sequences from the entire and partial databases (including representative sequences after clustering at a given level of similarity). Different web tools also allow searches by sequence similarity. The presence of both rRNA and rDNA sequences, taking into account introns (crucial for eukaryotic sequences), a normalized eight terms ranked-taxonomy and updates of new GenBank releases were made possible by a long-term collaboration between experts in taxonomy and computer scientists.

Description: Symbiotic relationships are widespread in nature and are fundamental for ecosystem functioning and the evolution of biodiversity. In marine environments, photosymbiosis with microalgae is best known for sustaining benthic coral reef ecosystems. Despite the importance of oceanic microbiota in global ecology and biogeochemical cycles, symbioses are poorly characterized in open...