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  • 1
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    Anticorrelation between low {delta}13C of eclogitic diamonds and high {delta}18O of their coesite and garnet inclusions requires a subduction origin (2013)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Diamond is essentially impermeable and unreactive under many conditions, and tiny mineral inclusions within natural diamonds can faithfully preserve information on the chemical and physical conditions during diamond growth. The stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in diamonds and their mineral inclusions have been used to constrain models of diamond formation, but interpretations of the data have differed dramatically. The crux of the controversy lies in the interpretation of the carbon isotope ratios of eclogite-suite diamonds, which range well outside those expected for typical mantle materials such as peridotites, basalts, and carbonatites. Proposed explanations for these anomalous carbon isotope ratios include derivation from primordial mantle inhomogeneities, fractionated mantle fluids, and subducted biogenic carbon. Working with samples from three continents, we have analyzed the carbon isotope compositions of eclogite-suite diamonds and the oxygen isotope composition of their mineral inclusions, primarily by ion microprobe methods. We have discovered a previously unrecognized, remarkably consistent anticorrelation between these two isotopic systems, in that virtually all diamonds with anomalously low carbon isotope ratios have silicate inclusions with anomalously high oxygen isotope ratios. This is a fundamental observation that can only be explained by formation of eclogite-suite diamonds through subduction of seafloor altered basalt, admixed with marine biogenic carbon, into the field of diamond stability.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    A Revised Local Magnitude (ML) Scale for New Zealand Earthquakes (2016)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: In this study, a new local magnitude ( M L ) scale is developed for New Zealand and adjacent offshore regions. SeisComP3 (SC3) has been in use for earthquake analysis in New Zealand since September 2012 with the original Richter (1935) log A 0 attenuation relationship for calculating M L . The attenuation characteristics of New Zealand differ significantly from southern California, where M L was originally defined, and therefore result in M L that is consistently high when compared with moment magnitude ( M w ). Using M w from 528 regional moment tensor solutions along with peak observed amplitudes, a new log A 0 curve is derived, along with station correction factors that define a revised M L scale for New Zealand earthquakes that is more consistent with M w . The new log A 0 curve is similar to the original Richter (1935) definition at hypocentral distances of ~100–200 km but differs significantly at closer and farther distances. The new M L is more consistent with M w across New Zealand, including crustal earthquakes and earthquakes below the crust. The California Institute of Technology (Caltech)–U.S. Geological Survey seismic processer (CUSP) system was used for earthquake analysis prior to SC3, and previous studies have derived regression relationships relating CUSP M L with M w . After applying the regression relationships to CUSP M L , we found very good agreement between CUSP M L and the new SC3 M L , which is important for developing a consistent M L between different catalogs. Online Material: Table of station corrections for the New Zealand seismograph network.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 3
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    Self-similarity in the distribution and abundance of species (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: If the fraction of species in area A that are also found in one-half of that area is independent of A, the distribution of species is self-similar and a number of observed patterns in ecology, including the widely cited species-area relationship connecting species richness to censused area, follow. Self-similarity also leads to a species-abundance distribution, which deviates considerably from the commonly assumed lognormal distribution and predicts considerably more rare species than the latter. Because the abundance distribution is derived under the condition of self-similarity, it may be widely applicable beyond ecology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harte -- Kinzig -- Green -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Self-similarity and clustering in the spatial distribution of species (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostling, A -- Harte, J -- Green, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cluster Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    An ecologist notes that important details are missing from climate-change models (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harte, John -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1033. doi: 10.1038/4541033e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds/physiology ; Ecology ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    A Revised Local Magnitude (ML) Scale for New Zealand Earthquakes [Article] (2016)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: In this study, a new local magnitude ( M L ) scale is developed for New Zealand and adjacent offshore regions. SeisComP3 (SC3) has been in use for earthquake analysis in New Zealand since September 2012 with the original Richter (1935) log A 0 attenuation relationship for calculating M L . The attenuation characteristics of New Zealand differ significantly from southern California, where M L was originally defined, and therefore result in M L that is consistently high when compared with moment magnitude ( M w ). Using M w from 528 regional moment tensor solutions along with peak observed amplitudes, a new log A 0 curve is derived, along with station correction factors that define a revised M L scale for New Zealand earthquakes that is more consistent with M w . The new log A 0 curve is similar to the original Richter (1935) definition at hypocentral distances of ~100–200 km but differs significantly at closer and farther distances. The new M L is more consistent with M w across New Zealand, including crustal earthquakes and earthquakes below the crust. The California Institute of Technology (Caltech)–U.S. Geological Survey seismic processer (CUSP) system was used for earthquake analysis prior to SC3, and previous studies have derived regression relationships relating CUSP M L with M w . After applying the regression relationships to CUSP M L , we found very good agreement between CUSP M L and the new SC3 M L , which is important for developing a consistent M L between different catalogs. Online Material: Table of station corrections for the New Zealand seismograph network.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 7
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    Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: Localized ecological systems are known to shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another when they are forced across critical thresholds. Here we review evidence that the global ecosystem as a whole can react in the same way and is approaching a planetary-scale critical transition as a result of human influence. The plausibility of a planetary-scale 'tipping point' highlights the need to improve biological forecasting by detecting early warning signs of critical transitions on global as well as local scales, and by detecting feedbacks that promote such transitions. It is also necessary to address root causes of how humans are forcing biological changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnosky, Anthony D -- Hadly, Elizabeth A -- Bascompte, Jordi -- Berlow, Eric L -- Brown, James H -- Fortelius, Mikael -- Getz, Wayne M -- Harte, John -- Hastings, Alan -- Marquet, Pablo A -- Martinez, Neo D -- Mooers, Arne -- Roopnarine, Peter -- Vermeij, Geerat -- Williams, John W -- Gillespie, Rosemary -- Kitzes, Justin -- Marshall, Charles -- Matzke, Nicholas -- Mindell, David P -- Revilla, Eloy -- Smith, Adam B -- R01 GM069801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 6;486(7401):52-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11018.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. barnosky@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Forecasting ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Models, Theoretical
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Research strategy: Ecology must seek universal principles (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harte, John -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):458. doi: 10.1038/508458b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; *Nonlinear Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Climate change: Flowering in the greenhouse (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutishauser, This -- Stockli, Reto -- Harte, John -- Kueppers, Lara -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 23;485(7399):448-9. doi: 10.1038/485448a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Global Warming ; *Models, Biological ; *Periodicity ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Shifting dominance within a montane vegetation community: results of a climate-warming experiment (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: In experimentally heated plots that each span a soil moisture gradient in a Rocky Mountain meadow, aboveground biomass of Artemisia tridentata (a sagebrush) increased in the drier habitat and that of Pentaphylloides floribunda (a shrub cinquefoil) increased in the wetter habitat relative to control plots. In contrast, aboveground forb biomass decreased in the wet and dry habitats of the heated plots. These results, combined with evidence for enhanced sagebrush seedling establishment rates in the heated plots, suggest that the increased warming expected under an atmosphere with a concentration of carbon dioxide twice that of pre-industrial levels could change the dominant vegetation of a widespread meadow habitat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harte, J -- Shaw, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):876-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17813919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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