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  • 1980-1984
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  • 2001  (171)
  • Science. 287(5459): 1765-6.  (1)
  • Science. 287(5460): 1937-9.  (1)
  • Science. 288(5463): 107-13.  (1)
  • Science. 288(5463): 143-6.  (1)
  • Science. 288(5463): 150-4.  (1)
  • Science. 288(5463): 88-95.  (1)
  • Science. 288(5463): 95-100.  (1)
  • Science. 290(5491): 471-3.  (1)
  • Science. 290(5492): 709.  (1)
  • Science. 290(5494): 1066-7.  (1)
  • Science. 290(5498): 1902-3.  (1)
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  • Science. 290(5499): 2086-7.  (1)
  • Science. 291(5501): 121-5. doi: 10.1126/science.291.5501.121.  (1)
  • Science. 291(5502): 229.  (1)
  • Science. 291(5503): 445-6.  (1)
  • Science. 291(5503): 484-6. doi: 10.1126/science.291.5503.484.  (1)
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  • Science. 291(5504): 636-40. doi: 10.1126/science.291.5504.636.  (1)
  • Science. 291(5505): 884-8.  (1)
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  • 2000-2004  (171)
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  • 1
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    Development. Hear, hear, for the inner ear (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-24
    Beschreibung: Although the development of the inner ear has been a favorite subject for biologists to study, it is not yet clear exactly which molecules are involved in the induction of the otic placode, the plug of embryonic ectoderm that will become the inner ear. In his Perspective, Graham takes us on an inner ear odyssey, explaining how the signaling molecules FGF-19 and Wnt-8c cooperate to induce formation of the otic placode (Ladher et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1904-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. anthony.graham@kcl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Central Nervous System/embryology/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Techniques ; Ear, Inner/*embryology/metabolism ; Ectoderm/metabolism ; *Embryonic Induction ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins ; *Zebrafish Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Cell biology. Actin' up with Rac1 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-24
    Beschreibung: The elegant architecture of photoreceptor cells in the retina is dependent on organization of the actin cytoskeleton during eye development. But what drives this organization? In an equally elegant Perspective, Colley explains new findings in fruit flies (Chang and Ready) that point to the photopigment rhodopsin and its signaling molecule the Rho GTPase Drac1 as the orchestrators of actin organization and the consequent assembly of the sensory membrane in the photoreceptor cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colley, N J -- R01 EY008768/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1902-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. njcolley@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/*growth & ; development/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Retina/growth & development/ultrastructure ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Triple play (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aplysia/physiology ; Congresses as Topic ; Dopamine/physiology ; Learning ; Neurons/physiology ; *Neurosciences ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; *Nobel Prize ; *Publishing ; Signal Transduction ; Societies, Scientific ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Unfolding pathways of individual bacteriorhodopsins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-07
    Beschreibung: Atomic force microscopy and single-molecule force spectroscopy were combined to image and manipulate purple membrane patches from Halobacterium salinarum. Individual bacteriorhodopsin molecules were first localized and then extracted from the membrane; the remaining vacancies were imaged again. Anchoring forces between 100 and 200 piconewtons for the different helices were found. Upon extraction, the helices were found to unfold. The force spectra revealed the individuality of the unfolding pathways. Helices G and F as well as helices E and D always unfolded pairwise, whereas helices B and C occasionally unfolded one after the other. Experiments with cleaved loops revealed the origin of the individuality: stabilization of helix B by neighboring helices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oesterhelt, F -- Oesterhelt, D -- Pfeiffer, M -- Engel, A -- Gaub, H E -- Muller, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):143-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CeNS and Lehrstuhl fur angewandte Physik, Ludwig Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/genetics ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Halobacterium salinarum/*chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; *Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Purple Membrane/*chemistry ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Mechanism of actin-based motility (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-31
    Beschreibung: Spatially controlled polymerization of actin is at the origin of cell motility and is responsible for the formation of cellular protrusions like lamellipodia. The pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, which undergo actin-based propulsion, are acknowledged models of the leading edge of lamellipodia. Actin-based motility of the bacteria or of functionalized microspheres can be reconstituted in vitro from only five pure proteins. Movement results from the regulated site-directed treadmilling of actin filaments, consistent with observations of actin dynamics in living motile cells and with the biochemical properties of the components of the synthetic motility medium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pantaloni, D -- Le Clainche, C -- Carlier, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1502-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dynamique du Cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/metabolism/*physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biopolymers ; *Cell Movement ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Destrin ; Listeria monocytogenes/*physiology ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Proteins/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Circadian rhythms. A time to rest: clock signal identified (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/drug effects/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Darkness ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Light ; Mice ; *Motor Activity/drug effects ; Mutation ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Active disruption of an RNA-protein interaction by a DExH/D RNA helicase (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-01-06
    Beschreibung: All aspects of cellular RNA metabolism and the replication of many viruses require DExH/D proteins that manipulate RNA in a manner that requires nucleoside triphosphates. Although DExH/D proteins have been shown to unwind purified RNA duplexes, most RNA molecules in the cellular environment are complexed with proteins. It has therefore been speculated that DExH/D proteins may also affect RNA-protein interactions. We demonstrate that the DExH protein NPH-II from vaccinia virus can displace the protein U1A from RNA in an active adenosine triphosphate-dependent fashion. NPH-II increases the rate of U1A dissociation by more than three orders of magnitude while retaining helicase processivity. This indicates that DExH/D proteins can effectively catalyze protein displacement from RNA and thereby participate in the structural reorganization of ribonucleoprotein assemblies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jankowsky, E -- Gross, C H -- Shuman, S -- Pyle, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3' Untranslated Regions/metabolism ; Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleoside-Triphosphatase ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Helicases/chemistry/*metabolism ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Neurobiology. Cholesterol--making or breaking the synapse (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barres, B A -- Smith, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1296-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild Science Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. barres@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/metabolism/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Coculture Techniques ; Mice ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Structural basis of transcription: RNA polymerase II at 2.8 angstrom resolution (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-04-21
    Beschreibung: Structures of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II have been derived from two crystal forms at 2.8 and 3.1 angstrom resolution. Comparison of the structures reveals a division of the polymerase into four mobile modules, including a clamp, shown previously to swing over the active center. In the 2.8 angstrom structure, the clamp is in an open state, allowing entry of straight promoter DNA for the initiation of transcription. Three loops extending from the clamp may play roles in RNA unwinding and DNA rewinding during transcription. A 2.8 angstrom difference Fourier map reveals two metal ions at the active site, one persistently bound and the other possibly exchangeable during RNA synthesis. The results also provide evidence for RNA exit in the vicinity of the carboxyl-terminal repeat domain, coupling synthesis to RNA processing by enzymes bound to this domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cramer, P -- Bushnell, D A -- Kornberg, R D -- GM49985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1863-76. Epub 2001 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Metals/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Impact of polymer tether length on multiple ligand-receptor bond formation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-21
    Beschreibung: The promoters of cell adhesion are ligands, which are often attached to flexible tethers that bind to surface receptors on adjacent cells. Using a combination of Monte Carlo simulations, diffusion reaction theory, and direct experiments (surface force measurements) of the biotin-streptavidin system, we have quantified polymer chain dynamics and the kinetics and spatial range of tethered ligand-receptor binding. The results show that the efficiency of strong binding does not depend solely on the molecular architecture or binding energy of the receptor-ligand pair, nor on the equilibrium configuration of the polymer tether, but rather on its "rare" extended conformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeppesen, C -- Wong, J Y -- Kuhl, T L -- Israelachvili, J N -- Mullah, N -- Zalipsky, S -- Marques, C M -- GM-17876/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-47334/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):465-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biotin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Chemistry, Physical ; Diffusion ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Mathematics ; Monte Carlo Method ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Streptavidin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Surface Properties ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Interaction of the response regulator ARR4 with phytochrome B in modulating red light signaling (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-03
    Beschreibung: The Arabidopsis thaliana response regulator 4, expressed in response to phytochrome B action, specifically interacts with the extreme amino-terminus of the photoreceptor. The response regulator 4 stabilizes the active Pfr form of phytochrome B in yeast and in planta, thus elevates the level of the active photoreceptor in vivo. Accordingly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the response regulator 4 display hypersensitivity to red light but not to light of other wavelengths. We propose that the response regulator 4 acts as an output element of a two-component system that modulates red light signaling on the level of the phytochrome B photoreceptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sweere, U -- Eichenberg, K -- Lohrmann, J -- Mira-Rodado, V -- Baurle, I -- Kudla, J -- Nagy, F -- Schafer, E -- Harter, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biologie II / Botanik, Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Darkness ; Genes, Plant ; *Light ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; *Photoreceptor Cells ; Phytochrome/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phytochrome B ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    A transcriptional switch mediated by cofactor methylation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-10
    Beschreibung: We describe a molecular switch based on the controlled methylation of nucleosome and the transcriptional cofactors, the CREB-binding proteins (CBP)/p300. The CBP/p300 methylation site is localized to an arginine residue that is essential for stabilizing the structure of the KIX domain, which mediates CREB recruitment. Methylation of KIX by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) blocks CREB activation by disabling the interaction between KIX and the kinase inducible domain (KID) of CREB. Thus, CARM1 functions as a corepressor in cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway via its methyltransferase activity while acting as a coactivator for nuclear hormones. These results provide strong in vivo and in vitro evidence that histone methylation plays a key role in hormone-induced gene activation and define cofactor methylation as a new regulatory mechanism in hormone signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, W -- Chen, H -- Du, K -- Asahara, H -- Tini, M -- Emerson, B M -- Montminy, M -- Evans, R M -- 9R01DK57978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2507-11. Epub 2001 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Davis Cancer Center/Basic Science, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Dimerization ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoid X Receptors ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Somatostatin/genetics ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Regulation of differentiation to the infective stage of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major by tetrahydrobiopterin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-04-17
    Beschreibung: A critical step in the infectious cycle of Leishmania is the differentiation of parasites within the sand fly vector to the highly infective metacyclic promastigote stage. Here, we establish tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) levels as an important factor controlling the extent of metacyclogenesis. H4B levels decline substantially during normal development, and genetic or nutritional manipulations showed that low H4B caused elevated metacyclogenesis. Mutants lacking pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) had low levels of H4B, remained infectious to mice, and induced larger cutaneous lesions (hypervirulence). Thus, the control of pteridine metabolism has relevance to the mechanism of Leishmania differentiation and the limitation of virulence during evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, M L -- Titus, R G -- Turco, S J -- Beverley, S M -- AI21903/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI31078/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):285-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11303103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biopterin/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Folic Acid/metabolism ; Genes, Protozoan ; Glycosphingolipids/analysis ; Leishmania major/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/*parasitology ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Virulence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
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    Ribosome structure. The ribosome in action (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahlberg, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):868-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. albert_dahlberg@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11341282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anticodon ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Thermus thermophilus/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Requirement of Math1 for secretory cell lineage commitment in the mouse intestine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-12
    Beschreibung: The mouse small intestinal epithelium consists of four principal cell types deriving from one multipotent stem cell: enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells. Previous studies showed that Math1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is expressed in the gut. We find that loss of Math1 leads to depletion of goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells without affecting enterocytes. Colocalization of Math1 with Ki-67 in some proliferating cells suggests that secretory cells (goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells) arise from a common progenitor that expresses Math1, whereas absorptive cells (enterocytes) arise from a progenitor that is Math1-independent. The continuous rapid renewal of these cells makes the intestinal epithelium a model system for the study of stem cell regeneration and lineage commitment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Q -- Bermingham, N A -- Finegold, M J -- Zoghbi, H Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2155-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Enterocytes/cytology ; Enteroendocrine Cells/cytology ; Gene Expression ; Goblet Cells/cytology ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Heterozygote ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Intestine, Large/cytology/embryology ; Intestine, Small/cytology/embryology ; Ki-67 Antigen/analysis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Paneth Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/analysis ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
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    Defective lymphotoxin-beta receptor-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in NIK-deficient mice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-17
    Beschreibung: The role of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) in cytokine signaling remains controversial. To identify the physiologic functions of NIK, we disrupted the NIK locus by gene targeting. Although NIK-/- mice displayed abnormalities in both lymphoid tissue development and antibody responses, NIK-/- cells manifested normal NF-kappaB DNA binding activity when treated with a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and lymphotoxin-beta (LTbeta). However, NIK was selectively required for gene transcription induced through ligation of LTbeta receptor but not TNF receptors. These results reveal that NIK regulates the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in a receptor-restricted manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, L -- Wu, L -- Wesche, H -- Arthur, C D -- White, J M -- Goeddel, D V -- Schreiber, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Reporter ; Interleukin-1/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/abnormalities ; Lymphotoxin beta Receptor ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
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    Virology. The origin and control of pandemic influenza (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laver, G -- Garman, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1776-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian National University, Canberra 2601, ACT, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Chickens/*virology ; Drug Industry/methods ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Guanidines ; HN Protein/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*enzymology/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis/economics/immunology ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Pyrans ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/enzymology/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Sialic Acids/therapeutic use ; Zanamivir
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
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    Genome sequence of the plant pathogen and biotechnology agent Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-18
    Beschreibung: Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen capable of transferring a defined segment of DNA to a host plant, generating a gall tumor. Replacing the transferred tumor-inducing genes with exogenous DNA allows the introduction of any desired gene into the plant. Thus, A. tumefaciens has been critical for the development of modern plant genetics and agricultural biotechnology. Here we describe the genome of A. tumefaciens strain C58, which has an unusual structure consisting of one circular and one linear chromosome. We discuss genome architecture and evolution and additional genes potentially involved in virulence and metabolic parasitism of host plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodner, B -- Hinkle, G -- Gattung, S -- Miller, N -- Blanchard, M -- Qurollo, B -- Goldman, B S -- Cao, Y -- Askenazi, M -- Halling, C -- Mullin, L -- Houmiel, K -- Gordon, J -- Vaudin, M -- Iartchouk, O -- Epp, A -- Liu, F -- Wollam, C -- Allinger, M -- Doughty, D -- Scott, C -- Lappas, C -- Markelz, B -- Flanagan, C -- Crowell, C -- Gurson, J -- Lomo, C -- Sear, C -- Strub, G -- Cielo, C -- Slater, S -- R15 GM61690-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2323-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium tumefaciens/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA Replication ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Tumors/microbiology ; Plants/microbiology ; Plasmids ; Replicon ; Rhizobiaceae/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/genetics ; Synteny ; Telomere ; Virulence/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Vascular abnormalities and deregulation of VEGF in Lkb1-deficient mice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-18
    Beschreibung: The LKB1 tumor suppressor gene, mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, encodes a serine/threonine kinase of unknown function. Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of Lkb1 die at midgestation, with the embryos showing neural tube defects, mesenchymal cell death, and vascular abnormalities. Extraembryonic development was also severely affected; the mutant placentas exhibited defective labyrinth layer development and the fetal vessels failed to invade the placenta. These phenotypes were associated with tissue-specific deregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, including a marked increase in the amount of VEGF messenger RNA. Moreover, VEGF production in cultured Lkb1(-/-) fibroblasts was elevated in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These findings place Lkb1 in the VEGF signaling pathway and suggest that the vascular defects accompanying Lkb1 loss are mediated at least in part by VEGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ylikorkala, A -- Rossi, D J -- Korsisaari, N -- Luukko, K -- Alitalo, K -- Henkemeyer, M -- Makela, T P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1323-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Haartman Institute and Biomedicum Helsinki, Post Office Box 63, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blood Vessels/*abnormalities/embryology ; Cell Death ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelial Growth Factors/*genetics/*metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/abnormalities/cytology/embryology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphokines/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/abnormalities/cytology/embryology ; Neural Tube Defects/embryology ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Placenta/blood supply/embryology/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
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    Requirement for the SLP-76 adaptor GADS in T cell development (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-10
    Beschreibung: GADS is an adaptor protein implicated in CD3 signaling because of its ability to link SLP-76 to LAT. A GADS-deficient mouse was generated by gene targeting, and the function of GADS in T cell development and activation was examined. GADS- CD4-CD8- thymocytes exhibited a severe block in proliferation but still differentiated into mature T cells. GADS- thymocytes failed to respond to CD3 cross-linking in vivo and were impaired in positive and negative selection. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the association between SLP-76 and LAT was uncoupled in GADS- thymocytes. These observations indicate that GADS is a critical adaptor for CD3 signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoder, J -- Pham, C -- Iizuka, Y M -- Kanagawa, O -- Liu, S K -- McGlade, J -- Cheng, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1987-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Size ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology ; src Homology Domains
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-26
    Beschreibung: Clinical studies with the Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI-571 in chronic myeloid leukemia demonstrate that many patients with advanced stage disease respond initially but then relapse. Through biochemical and molecular analysis of clinical material, we find that drug resistance is associated with the reactivation of BCR-ABL signal transduction in all cases examined. In six of nine patients, resistance was associated with a single amino acid substitution in a threonine residue of the Abl kinase domain known to form a critical hydrogen bond with the drug. This substitution of threonine with isoleucine was sufficient to confer STI-571 resistance in a reconstitution experiment. In three patients, resistance was associated with progressive BCR-ABL gene amplification. These studies provide evidence that genetically complex cancers retain dependence on an initial oncogenic event and suggest a strategy for identifying inhibitors of STI-571 resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gorre, M E -- Mohammed, M -- Ellwood, K -- Hsu, N -- Paquette, R -- Rao, P N -- Sawyers, C L -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):876-80. Epub 2001 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Base Sequence ; Benzamides ; Blast Crisis/genetics ; Cell Line ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*metabolism ; Gene Amplification ; *Genes, abl ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk ; Pyrimidines/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
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    Formation of neurofibrillary tangles in P301l tau transgenic mice induced by Abeta 42 fibrils (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-25
    Beschreibung: beta-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the defining neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, but their pathophysiological relation is unclear. Injection of beta-amyloid Abeta42 fibrils into the brains of P301L mutant tau transgenic mice caused fivefold increases in the numbers of NFTs in cell bodies within the amygdala from where neurons project to the injection sites. Gallyas silver impregnation identified NFTs that contained tau phosphorylated at serine 212/threonine 214 and serine 422. NFTs were composed of twisted filaments and occurred in 6-month-old mice as early as 18 days after Abeta42 injections. Our data support the hypothesis that Abeta42 fibrils can accelerate NFT formation in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gotz, J -- Chen, F -- van Dorpe, J -- Nitsch, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1491-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, August Forel Strasse 1, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. goetz@bli.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Amygdala/*pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*pathology ; Epitopes ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mutation ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/*metabolism/pathology ; Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plaque, Amyloid/*metabolism/pathology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms ; Sex Characteristics ; tau Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkbeta (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-05
    Beschreibung: We show that high doses of salicylates reverse hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia in obese rodents by sensitizing insulin signaling. Activation or overexpression of the IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) attenuated insulin signaling in cultured cells, whereas IKKbeta inhibition reversed insulin resistance. Thus, IKKbeta, rather than the cyclooxygenases, appears to be the relevant molecular target. Heterozygous deletion (Ikkbeta+/-) protected against the development of insulin resistance during high-fat feeding and in obese Lep(ob/ob) mice. These findings implicate an inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify the IKKbeta pathway as a target for insulin sensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, M -- Konstantopoulos, N -- Lee, J -- Hansen, L -- Li, Z W -- Karin, M -- Shoelson, S E -- AI43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK45493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK51729/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1673-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Aspirin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; I-kappa B Kinase ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Insulin Resistance ; Lipids/blood ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Muscles/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Phosphorylation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Salicylate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Positive regulation of T cell activation and integrin adhesion by the adapter Fyb/Slap (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-22
    Beschreibung: The molecular adapter Fyb/Slap regulates signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR), but whether it plays a positive or negative role is controversial. We demonstrate that Fyb/Slap-deficient T cells exhibit defective proliferation and cytokine production in response to TCR stimulation. Fyb/Slap is also required in vivo for T cell-dependent immune responses. Functionally, Fyb/Slap has no apparent role in the activation of known TCR signaling pathways, F-actin polymerization, or TCR clustering. Rather, Fyb/Slap regulates TCR-induced integrin clustering and adhesion. Thus, Fyb/Slap is the first molecular adapter to be identified that couples TCR stimulation to the avidity modulation of integrins governing T cell adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffiths, E K -- Krawczyk, C -- Kong, Y Y -- Raab, M -- Hyduk, S J -- Bouchard, D -- Chan, V S -- Kozieradzki, I -- Oliveira-Dos-Santos, A J -- Wakeham, A -- Ohashi, P S -- Cybulsky, M I -- Rudd, C E -- Penninger, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2260-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Chimera ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Lectins, C-Type ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    X-ray crystallography. Transcription enzyme structure solved (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):411-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts/*enzymology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
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    RGS-PX1, a GAP for GalphaS and sorting nexin in vesicular trafficking (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-01
    Beschreibung: Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) control cellular functions by transducing signals from the outside to the inside of cells. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are key modulators of the amplitude and duration of G protein-mediated signaling through their ability to serve as guanosine triphosphatase-activating proteins (GAPs). We have identified RGS-PX1, a Galpha(s)-specific GAP. The RGS domain of RGS-PX1 specifically interacted with Galpha(s), accelerated its GTP hydrolysis, and attenuated Galpha(s)-mediated signaling. RGS-PX1 also contains a Phox (PX) domain that resembles those in sorting nexin (SNX) proteins. Expression of RGS-PX1 delayed lysosomal degradation of the EGF receptor. Because of its bifunctional role as both a GAP and a SNX, RGS-PX1 may link heterotrimeric G protein signaling and vesicular trafficking.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, B -- Ma, Y C -- Ostrom, R S -- Lavoie, C -- Gill, G N -- Insel, P A -- Huang, X Y -- Farquhar, M G -- AG14563/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA58689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK17780/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM56904/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL53773/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL63885/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1939-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Endosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; RGS Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; Sorting Nexins ; Substrate Specificity ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    The neurobiology of slow synaptic transmission (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-03
    Beschreibung: Nerve cells communicate with each other through two mechanisms, referred to as fast and slow synaptic transmission. Fast-acting neurotransmitters, e.g., glutamate (excitatory) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (inhibitory), achieve effects on their target cells within one millisecond by virtue of opening ligand-operated ion channels. In contrast, all of the effects of the biogenic amine and peptide neurotransmitters, as well as many of the effects of glutamate and GABA, are achieved over hundreds of milliseconds to minutes by slow synaptic transmission. This latter process is mediated through an enormously more complicated sequence of biochemical steps, involving second messengers, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases. Slow-acting neurotransmitters control the efficacy of fast synaptic transmission by regulating the efficiency of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals and by regulating the efficiency with which fast-acting neurotransmitters produce their effects on postsynaptic receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greengard, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1024-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. greengd@mail.rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Dopamine/physiology ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; Glutamic Acid/physiology ; Humans ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology ; Second Messenger Systems/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
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    Structural biology. Actin' up (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De La Cruz, E M -- Pollard, T D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; *Contractile Proteins ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrolysis ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Profilins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Rhodamines/metabolism ; Thymosin/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
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    Neuroscience. A kinase to dampen the effects of cocaine? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-04-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, A -- Tsai, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):236-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/*drug effects/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
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    Signal transduction. How do cells sense oxygen? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-04-09
    Beschreibung: How do organisms sense the amount of oxygen in the environment and respond appropriately when the amount of oxygen decreases (a condition called hypoxia)? In their Perspective, Zhu and Bunn discuss new findings (Ivan et al., Jaakkola et al.) that reveal how the HIF transcription factor, which switches on a group of hypoxia-response proteins, is itself regulated by changes in oxygen tension. The authors are in the Hematology Division of the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: zhu@calvin.bwh.harvard.edu, bunn@calvin.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040953/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040953/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, H -- Bunn, H F -- F32 DK009678/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK009678-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK059901/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK059901-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):449-51. Epub 2001 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hematology Division of the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. zhu@calvin.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydroxylation ; Hydroxyproline/metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; *Ligases ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
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    BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-18
    Beschreibung: B cell homeostasis has been shown to critically depend on BAFF, the B cell activation factor from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. Although BAFF is already known to bind two receptors, BCMA and TACI, we have identified a third receptor for BAFF that we have termed BAFF-R. BAFF-R binding appears to be highly specific for BAFF, suggesting a unique role for this ligand-receptor interaction. Consistent with this, the BAFF-R locus is disrupted in A/WySnJ mice, which display a B cell phenotype qualitatively similar to that of the BAFF-deficient mice. Thus, BAFF-R appears to be the principal receptor for BAFF-mediated mature B cell survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, J S -- Bixler, S A -- Qian, F -- Vora, K -- Scott, M L -- Cachero, T G -- Hession, C -- Schneider, P -- Sizing, I D -- Mullen, C -- Strauch, K -- Zafari, M -- Benjamin, C D -- Tschopp, J -- Browning, J L -- Ambrose, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2108-11. Epub 2001 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogen, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA., The Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Control of stem cell self-renewal in Drosophila spermatogenesis by JAK-STAT signaling (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-26
    Beschreibung: Stem cells, which regenerate tissue by producing differentiating cells, also produce cells that renew the stem cell population. Signals from regulatory microenvironments (niches) are thought to cause stem cells to retain self-renewing potential. However, the molecular characterization of niches remains an important goal. In Drosophila testes, germ line and somatic stem cells attach to a cluster of support cells called the hub. The hub specifically expresses Unpaired, a ligand activating the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling cascade. Without JAK-STAT signaling, germ line stem cells differentiate but do not self-renew. Conversely, ectopic JAK-STAT signaling greatly expands both stem cell populations. We conclude that the support cells of the hub signal to adjacent stem cells by activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, thereby defining a niche for stem cell self-renewal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tulina, N -- Matunis, E -- R01 HD040307/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD40307/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 115 West University Parkway, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Survival ; Contractile Proteins/analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Germ Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Janus Kinases ; Ligands ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; STAT Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Testis/cytology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 33
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    Mammalian TOR: a homeostatic ATP sensor (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-03
    Beschreibung: The bacterial macrolide rapamycin is an efficacious anticancer agent against solid tumors. In a hypoxic environment, the increase in mass of solid tumors is dependent on the recruitment of mitogens and nutrients. When nutrient concentrations change, particularly those of essential amino acids, the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) functions in regulatory pathways that control ribosome biogenesis and cell growth. In bacteria, ribosome biogenesis is independently regulated by amino acids and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Here we demonstrate that the mTOR pathway is influenced by the intracellular concentration of ATP, independent of the abundance of amino acids, and that mTOR itself is an ATP sensor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dennis, P B -- Jaeschke, A -- Saitoh, M -- Fowler, B -- Kozma, S C -- Thomas, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Androstadienes/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Rotenone/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 34
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    Neurobiology. Neurocreationism--making new cortical maps (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1011-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. pasko.rakic@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*embryology/metabolism ; Electroporation ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neocortex/embryology/metabolism ; Occipital Lobe/embryology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Thalamus/embryology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 35
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    AIDS research. HIV inhibitor blocks virus from cell (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS Vaccines ; Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Drug Design ; HIV/*metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Membrane Fusion ; *Peptides ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 36
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    Two-state allosteric behavior in a single-domain signaling protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-27
    Beschreibung: Protein actions are usually discussed in terms of static structures, but function requires motion. We find a strong correlation between phosphorylation-driven activation of the signaling protein NtrC and microsecond time-scale backbone dynamics. Using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation, we characterized the motions of NtrC in three functional states: unphosphorylated (inactive), phosphorylated (active), and a partially active mutant. These dynamics are indicative of exchange between inactive and active conformations. Both states are populated in unphosphorylated NtrC, and phosphorylation shifts the equilibrium toward the active species. These results support a dynamic population shift between two preexisting conformations as the underlying mechanism of activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkman, B F -- Lipson, D -- Wemmer, D E -- Kern, D -- GM62117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2429-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison (NMRFAM), Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11264542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; *Bacterial Proteins ; Binding Sites ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Motion ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Time ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 37
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    Structural basis for selective recognition of oligosaccharides by DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-12
    Beschreibung: Dendritic cell specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin present on the surface of dendritic cells, mediates the initial interaction of dendritic cells with T cells by binding to ICAM-3. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, a related receptor found on the endothelium of liver sinusoids, placental capillaries, and lymph nodes, bind to oligosaccharides that are present on the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an interaction that strongly promotes viral infection of T cells. Crystal structures of carbohydrate-recognition domains of DC-SIGN and of DC-SIGNR bound to oligosaccharide, in combination with binding studies, reveal that these receptors selectively recognize endogenous high-mannose oligosaccharides and may represent a new avenue for developing HIV prophylactics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinberg, H -- Mitchell, D A -- Drickamer, K -- Weis, W I -- GM50565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2163-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylglucosamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Collectins ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lectins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Mannose/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 38
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    Biomedicine. Clotting factors build blood vessels (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carmeliet, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1602-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Factors/*physiology ; Blood Vessels/*embryology ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelial Growth Factors/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/embryology/physiology ; Hemostasis ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Lymphokines/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/physiology ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; Receptors, Thrombin/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombin/physiology ; Thromboplastin/physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    Signal transduction. A new thread in an intricate web (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-01
    Beschreibung: Understanding how biochemical pathways are connected in the cell is one of the big challenges facing cell biologists. In a Perspective, von Zastrow and Mostov describe new work that identifies a protein called RGS-PX1 as the linchpin that connects signal transduction activated by G protein-coupled receptors with membrane trafficking events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Zastrow, M -- Mostov, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1845-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. zastrow@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arrestins/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Databases, Genetic ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; RGS Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sorting Nexins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    The ground state of the ventral appendage in Drosophila (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-25
    Beschreibung: In Drosophila melanogaster, the antennae, legs, genitalia, and analia make up a serially homologous set of ventral appendages that depend on different selector genes for their unique identities. The diversity among these structures implies that there is a common ground state that selector genes modify to generate these different appendage morphologies. Here we show that the ventral appendage that forms in the absence of selector gene activity is leglike but consists of only two segments along its proximo-distal axis: a proximal segment and a distal tarsus. These results raise the possibility that, during evolution, leglike appendages could have developed without selector gene activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casares, F -- Mann, R S -- R01 GM058575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1477-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 701 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein ; Biological Evolution ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Extremities/growth & development ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Insect ; Glycosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Notch ; Sense Organs/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 41
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    Chemistry. Nota bene: know thine enemy (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Antigens, Bacterial ; *Bacillus anthracis ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endocytosis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Macrophages/metabolism/microbiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    Immunology. B cell receptor rehabilitation--pausing to reflect (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, L B -- Monroe, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1503-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11234081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autoantigens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Clonal Anergy ; Clonal Deletion ; *Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*genetics/*immunology ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Self Tolerance ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 43
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    Crystal structure of an initiation factor bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-03
    Beschreibung: Initiation of translation at the correct position on messenger RNA is essential for accurate protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, this process requires three initiation factors: IF1, IF2, and IF3. Here we report the crystal structure of a complex of IF1 and the 30S ribosomal subunit. Binding of IF1 occludes the ribosomal A site and flips out the functionally important bases A1492 and A1493 from helix 44 of 16S RNA, burying them in pockets in IF1. The binding of IF1 causes long-range changes in the conformation of H44 and leads to movement of the domains of 30S with respect to each other. The structure explains how localized changes at the ribosomal A site lead to global alterations in the conformation of the 30S subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, A P -- Clemons, W M Jr -- Brodersen, D E -- Morgan-Warren, R J -- Hartsch, T -- Wimberly, B T -- Ramakrishnan, V -- GM 44973/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-1/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Thermus thermophilus/*chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 44
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    Neurobiology. Learning how a fruit fly forgets (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waddell, S -- Quinn, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1271-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. waddell@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Dynamins ; Electroshock ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Learning/*physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/physiology ; Odors ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Temperature ; Transgenes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 45
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    gamma -Secretase cleavage and nuclear localization of ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-10-27
    Beschreibung: ErbB-4 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. After binding of its ligand heregulin (HRG) or activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the ErbB-4 ectodomain is cleaved by a metalloprotease. We now report a subsequent cleavage by gamma-secretase that releases the ErbB-4 intracellular domain from the membrane and facilitates its translocation to the nucleus. gamma-Secretase cleavage was prevented by chemical inhibitors or a dominant negative presenilin. Inhibition of gamma-secretase also prevented growth inhibition by HRG. gamma-Secretase cleavage of ErbB-4 may represent another mechanism for receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ni, C Y -- Murphy, M P -- Golde, T E -- Carpenter, G -- CA24071/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK20593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS39072/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2179-81. Epub 2001 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; COS Cells ; Carbamates/pharmacology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Dipeptides/pharmacology ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neuregulin-1/pharmacology ; Presenilin-1 ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 46
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    Structure of a Bag/Hsc70 complex: convergent functional evolution of Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-27
    Beschreibung: Bag (Bcl2-associated athanogene) domains occur in a class of cofactors of the eukaryotic chaperone 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (Hsp70) family. Binding of the Bag domain to the Hsp70 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain promotes adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent release of substrate from Hsp70 in vitro. In a 1.9 angstrom crystal structure of a complex with the ATPase of the 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70), the Bag domain forms a three-helix bundle, inducing a conformational switch in the ATPase that is incompatible with nucleotide binding. The same switch is observed in the bacterial Hsp70 homolog DnaK upon binding of the structurally unrelated nucleotide exchange factor GrpE. Thus, functional convergence has allowed proteins with different architectures to trigger a conserved conformational shift in Hsp70 that leads to nucleotide exchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sondermann, H -- Scheufler, C -- Schneider, C -- Hohfeld, J -- Hartl, F U -- Moarefi, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1553-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11222862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Evolution, Molecular ; HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 47
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    Structural biology. A marvellous machine for making messages (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klug, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1844-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics ; Transcription Factors/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Physiology. A one-domain voltage-gated sodium channel in bacteria (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catterall, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. wcatt@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus/*chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Transport ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; Sodium Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Static Electricity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    Sonic hedgehog control of size and shape in midbrain pattern formation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-17
    Beschreibung: Little is known about how patterns of cell types are organized to form brain structures of appropriate size and shape. To study this process, we employed in vivo electroporation during midbrain development to create ectopic sources of Sonic Hedgehog, a signaling molecule previously shown to specify different neuronal cell types in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. We provide direct evidence that a Sonic Hedgehog source can control pattern at a distance in brain development and demonstrate that the size, shape, and orientation of the cell populations produced depend on the geometry of the morphogen source. Thus, a single regulatory molecule can coordinate tissue size and shape with cell-type identity in brain development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agarwala, S -- Sanders, T A -- Ragsdale, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2147-50. Epub 2001 Mar 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Body Patterning ; Cell Division ; Chick Embryo ; Electroporation ; Embryonic Induction ; Gene Expression ; Hedgehog Proteins ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*embryology ; Morphogenesis ; Neurons/*cytology ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    UDP-glucose dehydrogenase required for cardiac valve formation in zebrafish (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-05
    Beschreibung: Cardiac valve formation is a complex process that involves cell signaling events between the myocardial and endocardial layers of the heart across an elaborate extracellular matrix. These signals lead to marked morphogenetic movements and transdifferentiation of the endocardial cells at chamber boundaries. Here we identify the genetic defect in zebrafish jekyll mutants, which are deficient in the initiation of heart valve formation. The jekyll mutation disrupts a homolog of Drosophila Sugarless, a uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose dehydrogenase required for heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid production. The atrioventricular border cells do not differentiate from their neighbors in jekyll mutants, suggesting that Jekyll is required in a cell signaling event that establishes a boundary between the atrium and ventricle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, E C -- Stainier, D Y -- HL54737/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1670-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics ; Endocardium/embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Valves/cytology/*embryology/enzymology/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Signal Transduction ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 51
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    Immunology. Long live the mature B cell--a baffling mystery resolved (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-15
    Beschreibung: What determines whether transitional B cells newly emerged from the bone marrow will differentiate further to become mature, long-lived, circulating B lymphocytes? In a Perspective, Waldschmidt and Noelle discuss new findings showing that the TNF family ligand BAFF and its receptor BAFF-R are crucial for selecting transitional B cells into the mature B cell pool (Thompson et al., Schiemann et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldschmidt, T J -- Noelle, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2012-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/*physiology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Survival ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 52
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    Transcription. Switching partners in a regulatory tango (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishioka, K -- Reinberg, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2497-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Methylation ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 53
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    Crystal structure of the free radical intermediate of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-26
    Beschreibung: In anaerobic organisms, the decarboxylation of pyruvate, a crucial component of intermediary metabolism, is catalyzed by the metalloenzyme pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) resulting in the generation of low potential electrons and the subsequent acetylation of coenzyme A (CoA). PFOR is the only enzyme for which a stable acetyl thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-based free radical reaction intermediate has been identified. The 1.87 A-resolution structure of the radical form of PFOR from Desulfovibrio africanus shows that, despite currently accepted ideas, the thiazole ring of the ThDP cofactor is markedly bent, indicating a drastic reduction of its aromaticity. In addition, the bond connecting the acetyl group to ThDP is unusually long, probably of the one-electron type already described for several cation radicals but not yet found in a biological system. Taken together, our data, along with evidence from the literature, suggest that acetyl-CoA synthesis by PFOR proceeds via a condensation mechanism involving acetyl (PFOR-based) and thiyl (CoA-based) radicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chabriere, E -- Vernede, X -- Guigliarelli, B -- Charon, M H -- Hatchikian, E C -- Fontecilla-Camps, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2559-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Cristallogenese des Proteines, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Universite Joseph Fourier, CNRS, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Coenzymes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desulfovibrio/*enzymology ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Free Radicals/chemistry/metabolism ; Ketone Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Pyruvate Synthase ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 54
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    Development. The art of making a joint (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spitz, F -- Duboule, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1713-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Development ; Cartilage/cytology/embryology ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; Chick Embryo ; Chondrocytes/cytology ; Culture Techniques ; Gene Expression ; Joint Capsule/metabolism ; Joints/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Limb Buds ; Mesoderm/*cytology/metabolism ; Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Synovial Membrane/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 55
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    On the dynamic origins of allosteric activation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wand, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA. wand@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; *Bacterial Proteins ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Motion ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Thermodynamics ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 56
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    Direct interaction of Arabidopsis cryptochromes with COP1 in light control development (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-18
    Beschreibung: Arabidopsis seedling photomorphogenesis involves two antagonistically acting components, COP1 and HY5. COP1 specifically targets HY5 for degradation via the 26S proteasome in the dark through their direct physical interaction. Little is known regarding how light signals perceived by photoreceptors are transduced to regulate COP1. Arabidopsis has two related cryptochromes (cry1 and cry2) mediating various blue/ultraviolet-A light responses. Here we show that both photoactivated cryptochromes repress COP1 activity through a direct protein-protein contact and that this direct regulation is primarily responsible for the cryptochrome-mediated blue light regulation of seedling photomorphogenic development and genome expression profile.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, H -- Ma, L G -- Li, J M -- Zhao, H Y -- Deng, X W -- GM-47850/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM59507/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):154-8. Epub 2001 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cryptochromes ; Darkness ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; *Light ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenotype ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 57
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    Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-01
    Beschreibung: Cholesterol, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and other lipids present in our diets are not only nutritionally important but serve as precursors for ligands that bind to receptors in the nucleus. To become biologically active, these lipids must first be absorbed by the intestine and transformed by metabolic enzymes before they are delivered to their sites of action in the body. Ultimately, the lipids must be eliminated to maintain a normal physiological state. The need to coordinate this entire lipid-based metabolic signaling cascade raises important questions regarding the mechanisms that govern these pathways. Specifically, what is the nature of communication between these bioactive lipids and their receptors, binding proteins, transporters, and metabolizing enzymes that links them physiologically and speaks to a higher level of metabolic control? Some general principles that govern the actions of this class of bioactive lipids and their nuclear receptors are considered here, and the scheme that emerges reveals a complex molecular script at work.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chawla, A -- Repa, J J -- Evans, R M -- Mangelsdorf, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1866-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Post Office Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/classification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*metabolism ; *Receptors, Steroid/metabolism ; Retinoid X Receptors ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Xenobiotics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 58
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    Protein design of an HIV-1 entry inhibitor (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-07
    Beschreibung: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) membrane fusion is promoted by the formation of a trimer-of-hairpins structure that brings the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the gp41 envelope glycoprotein ectodomain into close proximity. Peptides derived from the carboxyl-terminal region (called C-peptides) potently inhibit HIV-1 entry by binding to the gp41 amino-terminal region. To test the converse of this inhibitory strategy, we designed a small protein, denoted 5-Helix, that binds the C-peptide region of gp41. The 5-Helix protein displays potent (nanomolar) inhibitory activity against diverse HIV-1 variants and may serve as the basis for a new class of antiviral agents. The inhibitory activity of 5-Helix also suggests a strategy for generating an HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response that targets the carboxyl-terminal region of the gp41 ectodomain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Root, M J -- Kay, M S -- Kim, P S -- P01 GM56552/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):884-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. kimadmin@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11229405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; *Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry/immunology/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; *Drug Design ; Giant Cells/drug effects ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion/*drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; *Peptides ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 59
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    Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-04-09
    Beschreibung: The Drosophila melanogaster gene chico encodes an insulin receptor substrate that functions in an insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, insulin/IGF signaling regulates adult longevity. We found that mutation of chico extends fruit fly median life-span by up to 48% in homozygotes and 36% in heterozygotes. Extension of life-span was not a result of impaired oogenesis in chico females, nor was it consistently correlated with increased stress resistance. The dwarf phenotype of chico homozygotes was also unnecessary for extension of life-span. The role of insulin/IGF signaling in regulating animal aging is therefore evolutionarily conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clancy, D J -- Gems, D -- Harshman, L G -- Oldham, S -- Stocker, H -- Hafen, E -- Leevers, S J -- Partridge, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):104-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/*physiology ; Alleles ; Animals ; Body Constitution ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Genes, Insect ; Heterozygote ; Hot Temperature ; Insect Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Insulin/*metabolism ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Somatomedins/metabolism ; Starvation ; Superoxide Dismutase
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Antibody catalysis of the oxidation of water (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-08
    Beschreibung: Recently we reported that antibodies can generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). We now show that this process is catalytic, and we identify the electron source for a quasi-unlimited generation of H2O2. Antibodies produce up to 500 mole equivalents of H2O2 from 1O2*, without a reduction in rate, and we have excluded metals or Cl- as the electron source. On the basis of isotope incorporation experiments and kinetic data, we propose that antibodies use H2O as an electron source, facilitating its addition to 1O2* to form H2O3 as the first intermediate in a reaction cascade that eventually leads to H2O2. X-ray crystallographic studies with xenon point to putative conserved oxygen binding sites within the antibody fold where this chemistry could be initiated. Our findings suggest a protective function of immunoglobulins against 1O2* and raise the question of whether the need to detoxify 1O2* has played a decisive role in the evolution of the immunoglobulin fold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wentworth , P Jr -- Jones, L H -- Wentworth, A D -- Zhu, X -- Larsen, N A -- Wilson, I A -- Xu, X -- Goddard , W A 3rd -- Janda, K D -- Eschenmoser, A -- Lerner, R A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 36385/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1806-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidants/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Singlet Oxygen ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Thermodynamics ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Water/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Xenon/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Development. Staying a boy forever (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-12-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, S A -- DiNardo, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Genetics, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA. stevenw@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatids/cytology/physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 62
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    Requirement of tissue-selective TBP-associated factor TAFII105 in ovarian development (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-15
    Beschreibung: Transcription factor TFIID, composed of TBP and TAFII subunits, is a central component of the RNA polymerase II machinery. Here, we report that the tissue-selective TAFII105 subunit of TFIID is essential for proper development and function of the mouse ovary. Female mice lacking TAFII105 are viable but infertile because of a defect in folliculogenesis correlating with restricted expression of TAFII105 in the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle. Gene expression profiling has uncovered a defective inhibin-activin signaling pathway in TAFII105-deficient ovaries. Together, these studies suggest that TAFII105 mediates the transcription of a subset of genes required for proper folliculogenesis in the ovary and establishes TAFII105 as a cell type-specific component of the mammalian transcriptional machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freiman, R N -- Albright, S R -- Zheng, S -- Sha, W C -- Hammer, R E -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2084-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Granulosa Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infertility, Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Size ; Organ Specificity ; Ovarian Follicle/*growth & development ; Ovary/cytology/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology ; Ovulation ; Protein Subunits ; Signal Transduction ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 63
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    Structure. An anthropomorphic integrin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-10-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, M J -- Mould, A P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):316-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. martin.humphries@man.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Ligands ; Metals/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Receptors, Vitronectin/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 64
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    Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB beta) (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-02
    Beschreibung: Glucose homeostasis depends on insulin responsiveness in target tissues, most importantly, muscle and liver. The critical initial steps in insulin action include phosphorylation of scaffolding proteins and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These early events lead to activation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B. We show that mice deficient in Akt2 are impaired in the ability of insulin to lower blood glucose because of defects in the action of the hormone on liver and skeletal muscle. These data establish Akt2 as an essential gene in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, H -- Mu, J -- Kim, J K -- Thorvaldsen, J L -- Chu, Q -- Crenshaw, E B 3rd -- Kaestner, K H -- Bartolomei, M S -- Shulman, G I -- Birnbaum, M J -- GM07229/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 19525/PHS HHS/ -- P30 DK50306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK040936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK56886/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism ; *Insulin Resistance/genetics/physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology/physiology ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology/metabolism ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 65
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    Apoptosis. Death of a monopoly? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunot, S -- Flavell, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):865-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11341280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; Blastocyst/cytology/metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; DNA Fragmentation ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Flavoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Growth Substances/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 66
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    Structure of an extracellular gp130 cytokine receptor signaling complex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-17
    Beschreibung: The activation of gp130, a shared signal-transducing receptor for a family of cytokines, is initiated by recognition of ligand followed by oligomerization into a higher order signaling complex. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a functional homolog of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) that activates human gp130. In the 2.4 angstrom crystal structure of the extracellular signaling assembly between viral IL-6 and human gp130, two complexes are cross-linked into a tetramer through direct interactions between the immunoglobulin domain of gp130 and site III of viral IL-6, which is necessary for receptor activation. Unlike human IL-6 (which uses many hydrophilic residues), the viral cytokine largely uses hydrophobic amino acids to contact gp130, which enhances the complementarity of the viral IL-6-gp130 binding interfaces. The cross-reactivity of gp130 is apparently due to a chemical plasticity evident in the amphipathic gp130 cytokine-binding sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chow , D -- He , X -- Snow, A L -- Rose-John, S -- Garcia, K C -- R01-AI-48540-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2150-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antigens, CD/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Interleukin-6/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Mimicry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 67
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    Perspectives: signal transduction. Inositol phosphates in the nucleus (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chi, T H -- Crabtree, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1937-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, Ca 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arginine/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics/*metabolism ; Phytic Acid/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 68
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    Microbiology. Action at a distance--bacterial flagellar assembly (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-24
    Beschreibung: The rotating motion of a helical flagellum enables a bacterium to swim toward positive stimuli and away from danger. But how is the flagellum, composed of many different proteins, assembled? In a Perspective, Macnab explains how subunits of the protein flagellin flow down a channel inside the flagellum and are then added to its tip through the action of a rotating pentameric cap complex (Yonekura et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macnab, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2086-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. robert.macnab@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria/*ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Diffusion ; Flagella/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Flagellin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 69
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    Motility powered by supramolecular springs and ratchets (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-07
    Beschreibung: Not all biological movements are caused by molecular motors sliding along filaments or tubules. Just as springs and ratchets can store or release energy and rectify motion in physical systems, their analogs can perform similar functions in biological systems. The energy of biological springs is derived from hydrolysis of a nucleotide or the binding of a ligand, whereas biological ratchets are powered by Brownian movements of polymerizing filaments. However, the viscous and fluctuating cellular environment and the mechanochemistry of soft biological systems constrain the modes of motion generated and the mechanisms for energy storage, control, and release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):95-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Calcium/metabolism ; Contractile Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Fertilization ; Ligands ; Movement/*physiology ; Organelles/*physiology ; Protein Conformation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 70
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    The way things move: looking under the hood of molecular motor proteins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-07
    Beschreibung: The microtubule-based kinesin motors and actin-based myosin motors generate motions associated with intracellular trafficking, cell division, and muscle contraction. Early studies suggested that these molecular motors work by very different mechanisms. Recently, however, it has become clear that kinesin and myosin share a common core structure and convert energy from adenosine triphosphate into protein motion using a similar conformational change strategy. Many different types of mechanical amplifiers have evolved that operate in conjunction with the conserved core. This modular design has given rise to a remarkable diversity of kinesin and myosin motors whose motile properties are optimized for performing distinct biological functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vale, R D -- Milligan, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):88-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. vale@phy.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Kinesin/chemistry/*physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Myosins/chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 71
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    Positioning of longitudinal nerves in C. elegans by nidogen (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-07
    Beschreibung: Basement membranes can help determine pathways of migrating axons. Although members of the nidogen (entactin) protein family are structural components of basement membranes, we find that nidogen is not required for basement membrane assembly in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nidogen is localized to body wall basement membranes and is required to direct longitudinal nerves dorsoventrally and to direct axons at the midlines. By examining migration of a single axon in vivo, we show that nidogen is required for the axon to switch from circumferential to longitudinal migration. Specialized basement membranes may thus regulate nerve position.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, S -- Wadsworth, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):150-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Basement Membrane/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Caenorhabditis elegans/anatomy & histology/embryology/genetics/*growth & ; development ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Helminth ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestines/cytology/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Muscles/metabolism ; Nervous System/anatomy & histology/embryology/growth & development/ultrastructure ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Crystal structure of an early protein-RNA assembly complex of the signal recognition particle (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-10-20
    Beschreibung: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to cellular membranes. A crucial early step in SRP assembly in archaea and eukarya is the binding of protein SRP19 to specific sites on SRP RNA. Here we report the 1.8 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human SRP19 in complex with its primary binding site on helix 6 of SRP RNA, which consists of a stem-loop structure closed by an unusual GGAG tetraloop. Protein-RNA interactions are mediated by the specific recognition of a widened major groove and the tetraloop without any direct protein-base contacts and include a complex network of highly ordered water molecules. A model of the assembly of the SRP core comprising SRP19, SRP54, and SRP RNA based on crystallographic and biochemical data is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wild, K -- Sinning, I -- Cusack, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):598-601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemie-Zentrum (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. klemens.wild@bzh.uni-heidelberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11641499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/metabolism ; Water/chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
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    The art of the probable: system control in the adaptive immune system (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-14
    Beschreibung: The immune system provides very effective host defense against infectious agents. Although many details are known about the cells and molecules involved, a broader "systems engineering" view of this complex system is just beginning to emerge. Here the argument is put forward that stochastic events, potent amplification mechanisms, feedback controls, and heterogeneity arising from spatially dispersed cell interactions give rise to many of the gross properties of the immune system. A better appreciation of these underlying features will not only add to our basic understanding of how immunity develops or goes awry, but also illuminate new directions for manipulating the system in prophylactic and therapeutic settings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):240-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA. rgermain@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Autoimmunity ; Feedback ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiology ; Immunity/genetics/physiology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Stochastic Processes
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  • 74
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    An essential role for BAFF in the normal development of B cells through a BCMA-independent pathway (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-18
    Beschreibung: The B cell activating factor BAFF (BlyS/TALL-1/zTNF4) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related ligand that promotes B cell survival and binds to three receptors (BCMA, TACI, and the recently described BAFF-R). Here we report an absolute requirement for BAFF in normal B cell development. Examination of secondary lymphoid organs from BAFF-deficient mice revealed an almost complete loss of follicular and marginal zone B lymphocytes. In contrast, mice lacking BCMA had normal-appearing B lymphocyte compartments. BAFF therefore plays a crucial role in B cell development and can function through receptors other than BCMA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiemann, B -- Gommerman, J L -- Vora, K -- Cachero, T G -- Shulga-Morskaya, S -- Dobles, M -- Frew, E -- Scott, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2111-4. Epub 2001 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogen, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology/physiology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Separation ; Cell Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Leukopoiesis ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/immunology ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Knockout ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/deficiency/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    A circadian output in Drosophila mediated by neurofibromatosis-1 and Ras/MAPK (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-22
    Beschreibung: Output from the circadian clock controls rhythmic behavior through poorly understood mechanisms. In Drosophila, null mutations of the neurofibromatosis-1 (Nf1) gene produce abnormalities of circadian rhythms in locomotor activity. Mutant flies show normal oscillations of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) and of their corresponding proteins, but altered oscillations and levels of a clock-controlled reporter. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is increased in Nf1 mutants, and the circadian phenotype is rescued by loss-of-function mutations in the Ras/MAPK pathway. Thus, Nf1 signals through Ras/MAPK in Drosophila. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a circadian oscillation of phospho-MAPK in the vicinity of nerve terminals containing pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), a secreted output from clock cells, suggesting a coupling of PDF to Ras/MAPK signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, J A -- Su, H S -- Bernards, A -- Field, J -- Sehgal, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2251-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Biological Clocks ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Insect Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Mutation ; Nerve Endings/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction ; Transgenes ; *ras GTPase-Activating Proteins ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 76
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    The crystal structure of uncomplexed actin in the ADP state (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-28
    Beschreibung: The dynamics and polarity of actin filaments are controlled by a conformational change coupled to the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) by a mechanism that remains to be elucidated. Actin modified to block polymerization was crystallized in the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) state, and the structure was solved to 1.54 angstrom resolution. Compared with previous ATP-actin structures from complexes with deoxyribonuclease I, profilin, and gelsolin, monomeric ADP-actin is characterized by a marked conformational change in subdomain 2. The successful crystallization of monomeric actin opens the way to future structure determinations of actin complexes with actin-binding proteins such as myosin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otterbein, L R -- Graceffa, P -- Dominguez, R -- P01 AR41637/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046524/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR46524/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RR07707/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):708-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boston Biomedical Research Institute, 64 Grove Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rhodamines/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-11
    Beschreibung: Hypertension is a major public health problem of largely unknown cause. Here, we identify two genes causing pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a Mendelian trait featuring hypertension, increased renal salt reabsorption, and impaired K+ and H+ excretion. Both genes encode members of the WNK family of serine-threonine kinases. Disease-causing mutations in WNK1 are large intronic deletions that increase WNK1 expression. The mutations in WNK4 are missense, which cluster in a short, highly conserved segment of the encoded protein. Both proteins localize to the distal nephron, a kidney segment involved in salt, K+, and pH homeostasis. WNK1 is cytoplasmic, whereas WNK4 localizes to tight junctions. The WNK kinases and their associated signaling pathway(s) may offer new targets for the development of antihypertensive drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, F H -- Disse-Nicodeme, S -- Choate, K A -- Ishikawa, K -- Nelson-Williams, C -- Desitter, I -- Gunel, M -- Milford, D V -- Lipkin, G W -- Achard, J M -- Feely, M P -- Dussol, B -- Berland, Y -- Unwin, R J -- Mayan, H -- Simon, D B -- Farfel, Z -- Jeunemaitre, X -- Lifton, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1107-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hypertension/enzymology/*genetics/physiopathology ; Intercellular Junctions/enzymology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Introns ; Kidney Tubules, Collecting/enzymology/ultrastructure ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/enzymology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism/enzymology/*genetics/physiopathology ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    Role of the ENTH domain in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding and endocytosis (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-13
    Beschreibung: Endocytic proteins such as epsin, AP180, and Hip1R (Sla2p) share a conserved modular region termed the epsin NH2-terminal homology (ENTH) domain, which plays a crucial role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis through an unknown target. Here, we demonstrate a strong affinity of the ENTH domain for phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. With nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the epsin ENTH domain, we determined that a cleft formed with positively charged residues contributed to phosphoinositide binding. Overexpression of a mutant, epsin Lys76 --〉 Ala76, with an ENTH domain defective in phosphoinositide binding, blocked epidermal growth factor internalization in COS-7 cells. Thus, interaction between the ENTH domain and PtdIns(4,5)P2 is essential for endocytosis mediated by clathrin-coated pits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itoh, T -- Koshiba, S -- Kigawa, T -- Kikuchi, A -- Yokoyama, S -- Takenawa, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1047-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Neuropeptides/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins ; Zinc Fingers
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 79
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    The postgenomic era. Windfall for European data bank (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Biology/*economics ; Databases as Topic/*economics ; Europe ; European Union ; *Financing, Organized ; *Genome ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Proteome/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 80
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    Human DNA repair genes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-22
    Beschreibung: Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, R D -- Mitchell, M -- Sgouros, J -- Lindahl, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1284-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11181991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): DNA/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics/metabolism ; Databases, Factual ; Deoxyribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    Structural mechanism of endosome docking by the FYVE domain (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-07
    Beschreibung: The recruitment of trafficking and signaling proteins to membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] is mediated by FYVE domains. Here, the solution structure of the FYVE domain of the early endosome antigen 1 protein (EEA1) in the free state was compared with the structures of the domain complexed with PtdIns(3)P and mixed micelles. The multistep binding mechanism involved nonspecific insertion of a hydrophobic loop into the lipid bilayer, positioning and activating the binding pocket. Ligation of PtdIns(3)P then induced a global structural change, drawing the protein termini over the bound phosphoinositide by extension of a hinge. Specific recognition of the 3-phosphate was determined indirectly and directly by two clusters of conserved arginines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutateladze, T -- Overduin, M -- CA85716/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1793-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. tatiana.kutateladze@uchsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Micelles ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 82
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    Structure of complement receptor 2 in complex with its C3d ligand (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-02
    Beschreibung: Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is an important receptor that amplifies B lymphocyte activation by bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. CR2 ligands include complement C3d and Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein 350/220. We describe the x-ray structure of this CR2 domain in complex with C3d at 2.0 angstroms. The structure reveals extensive main chain interactions between C3d and only one short consensus repeat (SCR) of CR2 and substantial SCR side-side packing. These results provide a detailed understanding of receptor-ligand interactions in this protein family and reveal potential target sites for molecular drug design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szakonyi, G -- Guthridge, J M -- Li, D -- Young, K -- Holers, V M -- Chen, X S -- R0-1 CA53615/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1725-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Complement C3d/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Consensus Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Complement 3d/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 83
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    Immunology. Tampering with the immune system (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartzberg, P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):228-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. pams@nhgri.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/enzymology/*immunology ; Cell Division ; Immune System/*physiology ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mice ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/deficiency/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/metabolism ; Protein S/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency/*immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Allosteric control of RNA polymerase by a site that contacts nascent RNA hairpins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-04-28
    Beschreibung: DNA, RNA, and regulatory molecules control gene expression through interactions with RNA polymerase (RNAP). We show that a short alpha helix at the tip of the flaplike domain that covers the RNA exit channel of RNAP contacts a nascent RNA stem-loop structure (hairpin) that inhibits transcription, and that this flap-tip helix is required for activity of the regulatory protein NusA. Protein-RNA cross-linking, molecular modeling, and effects of alterations in RNAP and RNA all suggest that a tripartite interaction of RNAP, NusA, and the hairpin inhibits nucleotide addition in the active site, which is located 65 angstroms away. These findings favor an allosteric model for regulation of transcript elongation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toulokhonov, I -- Artsimovitch, I -- Landick, R -- GM38660/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):730-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; *Peptide Elongation Factors ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Elongation Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Photosynthesis. Splitting water (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dismukes, G C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dismukes@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere ; Catalysis ; Chlorophyll/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanobacteria/*chemistry/metabolism ; Electrons ; Macromolecular Substances ; Manganese/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Subunits ; Tyrosine/chemistry ; Water/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    A sperm cytoskeletal protein that signals oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-17
    Beschreibung: Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes, like those of most animals, arrest during meiotic prophase. Sperm promote the resumption of meiosis (maturation) and contraction of smooth muscle-like gonadal sheath cells, which are required for ovulation. We show that the major sperm cytoskeletal protein (MSP) is a bipartite signal for oocyte maturation and sheath contraction. MSP also functions in sperm locomotion, playing a role analogous to actin. Thus, during evolution, MSP has acquired extracellular signaling and intracellular cytoskeletal functions for reproduction. Proteins with MSP-like domains are found in plants, fungi, and other animals, suggesting that related signaling functions may exist in other phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, M A -- Nguyen, V Q -- Lee, M H -- Kosinski, M -- Schedl, T -- Caprioli, R M -- Greenstein, D -- CA09592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM57173/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM58008/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD07043/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD25614/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057173/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD025614/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2144-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Enzyme Activation ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gonads/cytology/physiology ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/immunology/pharmacology/*physiology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Microinjections ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovulation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    Crystal structure of sensory rhodopsin II at 2.4 angstroms: insights into color tuning and transducer interaction (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-07-14
    Beschreibung: We report an atomic-resolution structure for a sensory member of the microbial rhodopsin family, the phototaxis receptor sensory rhodopsin II (NpSRII), which mediates blue-light avoidance by the haloarchaeon Natronobacterium pharaonis. The 2.4 angstrom structure reveals features responsible for the 70- to 80-nanometer blue shift of its absorption maximum relative to those of haloarchaeal transport rhodopsins, as well as structural differences due to its sensory, as opposed to transport, function. Multiple factors appear to account for the spectral tuning difference with respect to bacteriorhodopsin: (i) repositioning of the guanidinium group of arginine 72, a residue that interacts with the counterion to the retinylidene protonated Schiff base; (ii) rearrangement of the protein near the retinal ring; and (iii) changes in tilt and slant of the retinal polyene chain. Inspection of the surface topography reveals an exposed polar residue, tyrosine 199, not present in bacteriorhodopsin, in the middle of the membrane bilayer. We propose that this residue interacts with the adjacent helices of the cognate NpSRII transducer NpHtrII.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luecke, H -- Schobert, B -- Lanyi, J K -- Spudich, E N -- Spudich, J L -- R01-GM27750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM29498/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM59970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1499-503. Epub 2001 Jul 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. hudel@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Arginine/chemistry ; Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; *Carotenoids ; Color ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ion Transport ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Natronobacterium/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Role of T-bet in commitment of TH1 cells before IL-12-dependent selection (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-09
    Beschreibung: How cytokines control differentiation of helper T (TH) cells is controversial. We show that T-bet, without apparent assistance from interleukin 12 (IL-12)/STAT4, specifies TH1 effector fate by targeting chromatin remodeling to individual interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) alleles and by inducing IL-12 receptor beta2 expression. Subsequently, it appears that IL-12/STAT4 serves two essential functions in the development of TH1 cells: as growth signal, inducing survival and cell division; and as trans-activator, prolonging IFN-gamma synthesis through a genetic interaction with the coactivator, CREB-binding protein. These results suggest that a cytokine does not simply induce TH fate choice but instead may act as an essential secondary stimulus that mediates selective survival of a lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mullen, A C -- High, F A -- Hutchins, A S -- Lee, H W -- Villarino, A V -- Livingston, D M -- Kung, A L -- Cereb, N -- Yao, T P -- Yang, S Y -- Reiner, S L -- AI-42370/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- EY-07131/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1907-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Interleukin-12/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; STAT4 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; Th1 Cells/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    Physiological regulation of the immunological synapse by agrin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-05-12
    Beschreibung: T cell activation is dependent on both a primary signal delivered through the T cell receptor and a secondary costimulatory signal mediated by coreceptors. Although controversial, costimulation is thought to act through the specific redistribution and clustering of membrane and intracellular kinase-rich lipid raft microdomains at the contact site between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. This site has been termed the immunological synapse. Endogenous mediators of raft clustering in lymphocytes have not been identified, although they are essential for T cell activation. We now demonstrate that agrin, an aggregating protein crucial for formation of the neuromuscular junction, is also expressed in lymphocytes and is important in reorganization of membrane lipid microdomains and setting the threshold for T cell signaling. Our data show that agrin induces the aggregation of signaling proteins and the creation of signaling domains in both immune and nervous systems through a common lipid raft pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khan, A A -- Bose, C -- Yam, L S -- Soloski, M J -- Rupp, F -- R01AI20922/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1681-6. Epub 2001 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Outer Banks Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. outerbanksneuro@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agrin/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology/*physiology ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Membrane Microdomains/*physiology ; Mice ; Neuromuscular Junction/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    Role of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor EDG-1 in PDGF-induced cell motility (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-07
    Beschreibung: EDG-1 is a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP). Cell migration toward platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which stimulates sphingosine kinase and increases intracellular SPP, was dependent on expression of EDG-1. Deletion of edg-1 or inhibition of sphingosine kinase suppressed chemotaxis toward PDGF and also activation of the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac, which is essential for protrusion of lamellipodia and forward movement. Moreover, PDGF activated EDG-1, as measured by translocation of beta-arrestin and phosphorylation of EDG-1. Our results reveal a role for receptor cross-communication in which activation of a GPCR by a receptor tyrosine kinase is critical for cell motility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hobson, J P -- Rosenfeldt, H M -- Barak, L S -- Olivera, A -- Poulton, S -- Caron, M G -- Milstien, S -- Spiegel, S -- CA61774/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM43880/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-61365/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS19576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1800-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arrestins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Lysophospholipids ; Mice ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Lysophospholipid ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Transcription. Translocating tubby (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantley, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2019-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA. cantley@helix.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Mice ; Obesity/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 92
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    ARR1, a transcription factor for genes immediately responsive to cytokinins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-03
    Beschreibung: Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones involved in various physiological events of plants. The Arabidopsis sensor histidine kinase CRE1 was recently reported to be a cytokinin receptor. We used a steroid-inducible system to show that the transcription factor-type response regulator ARR1 directs transcriptional activation of the ARR6 gene, which responds to cytokinins without de novo protein synthesis. This fact, together with characteristics of ARR1-overexpressing plants and arr1 mutant plants, indicates that the phosphorelay to ARR1, probably from CRE1, constitutes an intracellular signal transduction occurring immediately after cytokinin perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakai, H -- Honma, T -- Aoyama, T -- Sato, S -- Kato, T -- Tabata, S -- Oka, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1519-21. Epub 2001 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Arabidopsis/cytology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cytokinins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Plant ; Kinetin ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Roots/drug effects/growth & development ; Plant Shoots/drug effects/growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Hierarchical organization of guidance receptors: silencing of netrin attraction by slit through a Robo/DCC receptor complex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-10
    Beschreibung: Axonal growth cones that cross the nervous system midline change their responsiveness to midline guidance cues: They become repelled by the repellent Slit and simultaneously lose responsiveness to the attractant netrin. These mutually reinforcing changes help to expel growth cones from the midline by making a once-attractive environment appear repulsive. Here, we provide evidence that these two changes are causally linked: In the growth cones of embryonic Xenopus spinal axons, activation of the Slit receptor Roundabout (Robo) silences the attractive effect of netrin-1, but not its growth-stimulatory effect, through direct binding of the cytoplasmic domain of Robo to that of the netrin receptor DCC. Biologically, this hierarchical silencing mechanism helps to prevent a tug-of-war between attractive and repulsive signals in the growth cone that might cause confusion. Molecularly, silencing is enabled by a modular and interlocking design of the cytoplasmic domains of these potentially antagonistic receptors that predetermines the outcome of their simultaneous activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, E -- Tessier-Lavigne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1928-38. Epub 2001 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Growth Cones/*physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Mutation ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Xenopus/embryology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    Binding of DCC by netrin-1 to mediate axon guidance independent of adenosine A2B receptor activation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-03-10
    Beschreibung: Netrins stimulate and orient axon growth through a mechanism requiring receptors of the DCC family. It has been unclear, however, whether DCC proteins are involved directly in signaling or are mere accessory proteins in a receptor complex. Further, although netrins bind cells expressing DCC, direct binding to DCC has not been demonstrated. Here we show that netrin-1 binds DCC and that the DCC cytoplasmic domain fused to a heterologous receptor ectodomain can mediate guidance through a mechanism involving derepression of cytoplasmic domain multimerization. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor, proposed to contribute to netrin effects on axons, is not required for rat commissural axon outgrowth or Xenopus spinal axon attraction to netrin-1. Thus, DCC plays a central role in netrin signaling of axon growth and guidance independent of A2B receptor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, E -- Zou, Y -- Poo , M -- Tessier-Lavigne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1976-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ; Rats ; Receptor, Adenosine A2B ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/cytology/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Xanthines/pharmacology ; Xenopus/embryology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 95
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    Defective antigen processing in GILT-free mice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-11-10
    Beschreibung: Processing of proteins for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted presentation to CD4-positive T lymphocytes occurs after they are internalized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Antigenic proteins frequently contain disulfide bonds, and their reduction in the endocytic pathway facilitates processing. In humans, a gamma interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is constitutively present in late endocytic compartments of APCs. Here, we identified the mouse homolog of GILT and generated a GILT knockout mouse. GILT facilitated the processing and presentation to antigen-specific T cells of protein antigens containing disulfide bonds. The response to hen egg lysozyme, a model antigen with a compact structure containing four disulfide bonds, was examined in detail.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maric, M -- Arunachalam, B -- Phan, U T -- Dong, C -- Garrett, W S -- Cannon, K S -- Alfonso, C -- Karlsson, L -- Flavell, R A -- Cresswell, P -- AI23081/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1361-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/enzymology/*immunology ; Antigens/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dendritic Cells/enzymology ; Disulfides/chemistry ; Epitopes/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology/metabolism ; Hybridomas ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muramidase/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
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    Sorting of striatal and cortical interneurons regulated by semaphorin-neuropilin interactions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-08-04
    Beschreibung: Most striatal and cortical interneurons arise from the basal telencephalon, later segregating to their respective targets. Here, we show that migrating cortical interneurons avoid entering the striatum because of a chemorepulsive signal composed at least in part of semaphorin 3A and semaphorin 3F. Migrating interneurons expressing neuropilins, receptors for semaphorins, are directed to the cortex; those lacking them go to the striatum. Loss of neuropilin function increases the number of interneurons that migrate into the striatum. These observations reveal a mechanism by which neuropilins mediate sorting of distinct neuronal populations into different brain structures, and provide evidence that, in addition to guiding axons, these receptors also control neuronal migration in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marin, O -- Yaron, A -- Bagri, A -- Tessier-Lavigne, M -- Rubenstein, J L -- K02MH01046-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01DA12462/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01MH49428-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH51561-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):872-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Basal Ganglia/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Culture Techniques ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Ligands ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neuropilin-1 ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Semaphorin-3A ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
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    Intracellular anions as the voltage sensor of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-06-26
    Beschreibung: Outer hair cells (OHCs) of the mammalian cochlea actively change their cell length in response to changes in membrane potential. This electromotility, thought to be the basis of cochlear amplification, is mediated by a voltage-sensitive motor molecule recently identified as the membrane protein prestin. Here, we show that voltage sensitivity is conferred to prestin by the intracellular anions chloride and bicarbonate. Removal of these anions abolished fast voltage-dependent motility, as well as the characteristic nonlinear charge movement ("gating currents") driving the underlying structural rearrangements of the protein. The results support a model in which anions act as extrinsic voltage sensors, which bind to the prestin molecule and thus trigger the conformational changes required for motility of OHCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, D -- He, D Z -- Klocker, N -- Ludwig, J -- Schulte, U -- Waldegger, S -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Dallos, P -- Fakler, B -- DC00089/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2340-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology II, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins ; Anions/pharmacology ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cations/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophysiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    Cell cycle. Piecing together the p53 puzzle (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carr, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1765-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Cell Mutation Unit, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RR, UK. a.m.carr@sussex.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; *DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; G1 Phase ; G2 Phase ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; *Interphase ; Mice ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; *Protein Kinases ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    Cell biology. New clues to how genes are controlled (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-02-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1066-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Prolactin/*genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
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    Regulation of cutaneous malignancy by gammadelta T cells (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2001-09-22
    Beschreibung: The localization of gammadelta T cells within epithelia suggests that these cells may contribute to the down-regulation of epithelial malignancies. We report that mice lacking gammadelta cells are highly susceptible to multiple regimens of cutaneous carcinogenesis. After exposure to carcinogens, skin cells expressed Rae-1 and H60, major histocompatibility complex-related molecules structurally resembling human MICA. Each of these is a ligand for NKG2d, a receptor expressed by cytolytic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vitro, skin-associated NKG2d+ gammadelta cells killed skin carcinoma cells by a mechanism that was sensitive to blocking NKG2d engagement. Thus, local T cells may use evolutionarily conserved proteins to negatively regulate malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Girardi, M -- Oppenheim, D E -- Steele, C R -- Lewis, J M -- Glusac, E -- Filler, R -- Hobby, P -- Sutton, B -- Tigelaar, R E -- Hayday, A C -- AI 27855/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- KO8/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):605-9. Epub 2001 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology and Yale Skin Diseases Research Core Center, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carcinogens ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dimerization ; Epidermis/*immunology ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Surveillance ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/*immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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