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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Persistent Pollutants in Water and Advanced Treatment Technology (2023)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Pollution. ; Environmental protection. ; Civil engineering. ; Environmental engineering. ; Pollution. ; Soil and Water Protection. ; Environmental Civil Engineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Impact of Persistent Pollutants on Water Quality -- Marine microplastics: abundance, ecotoxic consequences of associated anthropogenic contaminants and interactions with microorganisms -- World profile of foreseeable strategies for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water -- Plasticizers, plastic monomers, and their transformation products in environmental waters and wastewater -- Occurrence and Removal of phthalates from aqueous medium using bismuth tungstate-based photocatalysts -- Application of electrochemical technologies for the efficacious removal of persistent organic pollutants from wastewater -- Recent progress in Electrochemical/Electro-oxidation technology: its applicability in highly efficient treatment of persistent organic pollutants specially from coal processed wastewater.
    Abstract: This contributed volume discusses the current status of the occurrences, fate and transport of persistent pollutants in water and wastewater. This contents compile the state-of-the-art of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, advanced oxidation process, membrane processes, sorption, etc. for the clean-up of persistent pollutants in water including heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, phenolic compounds as well as microplastics and their by-products. This volume will be useful as a guide for the researchers to build strategies to deal with persistent pollutant. It also discusses the principal aspects of degradation mechanism of the pollutants, toxic by-products and effectiveness of the emerging technologies. This volume will be a useful guide for those working in soil and water protection, and environmental civil engineering. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 477 p. 136 illus., 95 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9789819920624
    Series Statement: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2062-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-2062-4
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Mechanical behavior of glass fiber polyester hybrid composite filled with natural fillers (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-12
    Description: Now-a-days, the natural fibers and fillers from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composite material alternative to the use of synthetic fiber like as; glass, carbon and other man-made fibers. Among various natural fibers and fillers like banana, wheat straw, rice husk, wood powder, sisal, jute, hemp etc. are the most widely used natural fibers and fillers due to its advantages like easy availability, low density, low production cost and reasonable physical and mechanical properties This research work presents the effect of natural fillers loading with 5%, 10% and 15% on mechanical behavior of polyester based hybrid composites. The result of test depicted that hybrid composite has far better properties than single fibre glass reinforced composite under impact and flexural loads. However it is found that the hybrid composite have better strength as compared to single glass fibre composites.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    GsdmD p30 forms pyroptotic pores [Immunology and Inflammation] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Gasdermin-D (GsdmD) is a critical mediator of innate immune defense because its cleavage by the inflammatory caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11 yields an N-terminal p30 fragment that induces pyroptosis, a death program important for the elimination of intracellular bacteria. Precisely how GsdmD p30 triggers pyroptosis has not been established....
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    U2AF65 adapts to diverse pre-mRNA splice sites through conformational selection of specific and promiscuous RNA recognition motifs (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: Degenerate splice site sequences mark the intron boundaries of pre-mRNA transcripts in multicellular eukaryotes. The essential pre-mRNA splicing factor U2AF 65 is faced with the paradoxical tasks of accurately targeting polypyrimidine (Py) tracts preceding 3' splice sites while adapting to both cytidine and uridine nucleotides with nearly equivalent frequencies. To understand how U2AF 65 recognizes degenerate Py tracts, we determined six crystal structures of human U2AF 65 bound to cytidine-containing Py tracts. As deoxy-ribose backbones were required for co-crystallization with these Py tracts, we also determined two baseline structures of U2AF 65 bound to the deoxy-uridine counterparts and compared the original, RNA-bound structure. Local structural changes suggest that the N-terminal RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) is more promiscuous for cytosine-containing Py tracts than the C-terminal RRM2. These structural differences between the RRMs were reinforced by the specificities of wild-type and site-directed mutant U2AF 65 for region-dependent cytosine- and uracil-containing RNA sites. Small-angle X-ray scattering analyses further demonstrated that Py tract variations select distinct inter-RRM spacings from a pre-existing ensemble of U2AF 65 conformations. Our results highlight both local and global conformational selection as a means for universal 3' splice site recognition by U2AF 65 .
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Multiband optical variability studies of BL Lacertae (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-19
    Description: We monitored BL Lacertae for 13 nights in optical B, V, R , and I bands during 2014 October and November including quasi-simultaneous observations in V and R bands using two optical telescopes in India. We have studied multiband optical flux variations, colour variation and spectral changes in this blazar. Source was found to be active during the whole monitoring period and showed significant intraday variability on three nights in V and R filters while displayed hints of variability on six other dates in R passband and on two nights in V filter. From the colour–magnitude analysis of the source, we found that the spectra of the target get flatter as it becomes brighter on intranight time-scale. Using discrete correlation technique, we found that intraday light curves in both V and R filters are almost consistent and well correlated with each other. We also generated spectral energy distribution of the target using the B, V, R , and I data sets for all 13 nights which could help us investigate the physical process responsible for the observed variations in BL Lacertae objects. We also discuss possible physical causes of the observed spectral variability.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Activating PIK3CA alleles and lymphangiogenic phenotype of lymphatic endothelial cells isolated from lymphatic malformations (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-25
    Description: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are developmental anomalies of the lymphatic system associated with the dysmorphogenesis of vascular channels lined by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Seeking to identify intrinsic defects in affected LECs, cells were isolated from malformation tissue or fluid on the basis of CD31 and podoplanin (PDPN) expression . LECs from five unrelated LM lesions were characterized, including cells derived from one patient previously diagnosed with CLOVES. CLOVES-related LECs carried a known, activating mutation in PIK3CA (p.H1047L), confirmed by direct sequencing. Activating PIK3CA mutations (p.E542K and p.E545A) were identified in lesion-derived cells from the other four patients, also by direct sequencing. The five LM-LEC cultures shared a lymphangiogenic phenotype distinguished by PI3K/AKT activation, enhanced sprouting efficiency, elevated VEGF-C expression and COX2 expression, shorter doubling times and reduced expression of angiopoietin 2 and CXCR4. Nine additional LM-LEC populations and 12 of 15 archived LM tissue samples were shown to bear common PIK3CA variants by allele-specific PCR. The activation of a central growth/survival pathway (PI3K/AKT) represents a feasible target for the non-invasive treatment of LMs bearing in mind that background genetics may individualize lesions and influence treatments.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Modular Evolution of DNA-Binding Preference of a Tbrain Transcription Factor Provides a Mechanism for Modifying Gene Regulatory Networks (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-19
    Description: Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) describe the progression of transcriptional states that take a single-celled zygote to a multicellular organism. It is well documented that GRNs can evolve extensively through mutations to cis -regulatory modules (CRMs). Transcription factor proteins that bind these CRMs may also evolve to produce novelty. Coding changes are considered to be rarer, however, because transcription factors are multifunctional and hence are more constrained to evolve in ways that will not produce widespread detrimental effects. Recent technological advances have unearthed a surprising variation in DNA-binding abilities, such that individual transcription factors may recognize both a preferred primary motif and an additional secondary motif. This provides a source of modularity in function. Here, we demonstrate that orthologous transcription factors can also evolve a changed preference for a secondary binding motif, thereby offering an unexplored mechanism for GRN evolution. Using protein-binding microarray, surface plasmon resonance, and in vivo reporter assays, we demonstrate an important difference in DNA-binding preference between Tbrain protein orthologs in two species of echinoderms, the sea star, Patiria miniata , and the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus . Although both orthologs recognize the same primary motif, only the sea star Tbr also has a secondary binding motif. Our in vivo assays demonstrate that this difference may allow for greater evolutionary change in timing of regulatory control. This uncovers a layer of transcription factor binding divergence that could exist for many pairs of orthologs. We hypothesize that this divergence provides modularity that allows orthologous transcription factors to evolve novel roles in GRNs through modification of binding to secondary sites.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Frequency-dependent core shifts and parameter estimation for the blazar 3C 454.3 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-23
    Description: We study the core shift effect in the parsec-scale jet of the blazar 3C 454.3 using the 4.8–36.8 GHz radio light curves obtained from three decades of continuous monitoring. From a piecewise Gaussian fit to each flare, time lags t between the observation frequencies and spectral indices α based on peak amplitudes A are determined. From the fit t 1/ k r , k r  = 1.10 ± 0.18 indicating equipartition between the magnetic field energy density and the particle energy density. From the fit A α , α is in the range –0.24 to 1.52. A mean magnetic field strength at 1 pc, B 1  = 0.5 ± 0.2 G, and at the core, B core  = 46 ± 16 mG, are inferred, consistent with previous estimates. The measure of core position offset is r  = 6.4 ± 2.8 pc GHz 1/ k r when averaged over all frequency pairs. Based on the statistical trend shown by the measured core radius r core as a function of , we infer that the synchrotron opacity model may not be valid for all cases. A Fourier periodogram analysis yields power-law slopes in the range –1.6 to –3.5 describing the power spectral density shape and gives bend time-scales in the range 0.52–0.66 yr. This result, and both positive and negative α, indicate that the flares originate from multiple shocks in a small region. Important objectives met in our study include: the demonstration of the computational efficiency and statistical basis of the piecewise Gaussian fit; consistency with previously reported results; evidence for the core shift dependence on observation frequency and its utility in jet diagnostics in the region close to the resolving limit of very long baseline interferometry observations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Multiband optical-NIR variability of blazars on diverse time-scales (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-01
    Description: To search for optical variability on a wide range of time-scales, we have carried out photometric monitoring of two flat spectrum radio quasars, 3C 454.3 and 3C 279, plus one BL Lac, S5 0716+714, all of which have been exhibiting remarkably high activity and pronounced variability at all wavelengths. CCD magnitudes in B , V , R , and I passbands were determined for ~7000 new optical observations from 114 nights made during 2011–2014, with an average length of ~4 h each, at seven optical telescopes: four in Bulgaria, one in Greece, and two in India. We measured multiband optical flux and colour variations on diverse time-scales. Discrete correlation functions were computed among B , V , R , and I observations, to search for any time delays. We found weak correlations in some cases with no significant time lags. The structure function method was used to estimate any characteristic time-scales of variability. We also investigated the spectral energy distribution of the three blazars using B , V , R , I , J , and K passband data. We found that the sources almost always follow a bluer-when-brighter trend. We discuss possible physical causes of the observed spectral variability.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Multiband optical variability of the blazar S5 0716+714 in outburst state during 2014-2015 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: We analysed the multiband optical behaviour of the BL Lacertae object, S5 0716+714, during its outburst state from 2014 November to 2015 March. We took data on 23 nights at three observatories, one in India and two in Bulgaria, making quasi-simultaneous observations in B , V , R , and I bands. We measured multiband optical fluxes, colour, and spectral variations for this blazar on intraday and short time-scales. The source was in a flaring state during the period analysed and displayed intense variability in all wavelengths. R -band magnitude of 11.6 was attained by the target on 2015 January 18, which is the brightest value ever recorded for S5 0716+714. The discrete correlation function method yielded good correlation between the bands with no measurable time lags, implying that radiation in these bands originate from the same region and by the same mechanism. We also used the structure function technique to look for characteristic time-scales in the light curves. During the times of rapid variability, no evidence for the source to display spectral changes with magnitude was found on either of the time-scales. The amplitude of variations tends to increase with increasing frequency with a maximum of ~22 per cent seen during flaring states in B band. A mild trend of larger variability amplitude as the source brightens was also found. We found the duty cycle of our source during the analysed period to be ~90 per cent. We also investigated the optical spectral energy distribution of S5 0716+714 using B , V , R , and I data points for 21 nights. We briefly discuss physical mechanisms most likely responsible for its flux and spectral variations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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