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  • Articles  (131)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (131)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (131)
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  • Articles  (131)
Source
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (131)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (131)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • De Gruyter
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (66)
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  • 1
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    Subtle cerebellar phenotype in mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-2 homeobox (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: The two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, that are homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed, show overlapping spatially restricted patterns of expression in the neural tube during embryogenesis, suggestive of a role in regional specification. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation that deletes the homeobox were viable and showed no obvious defects in embryonic development. This may be due to functional redundancy of En-2 and the related En-1 gene product during embryogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the mutant mice showed abnormal foliation in the adult cerebellum, where En-2, and not En-1, is normally expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyner, A L -- Herrup, K -- Auerbach, B A -- Davis, C A -- Rossant, J -- HD25334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20591/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/embryology/pathology ; Chimera ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nervous System/embryology ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Negative regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity by ionomycin in T cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: CD45 is a leukocyte-specific, transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) required for T cell responsiveness. How the activity of PTPases is regulated in vivo is unclear. Treatment of murine thymocytes and a variety of murine T cell lines with the calcium ionophore ionomycin decreased CD45 PTPase activity. Ionomycin treatment also led to a decreased phosphorylation of serine residues in CD45. These results indicate that increased intracellular calcium modulates CD45 PTPase activity, demonstrating regulation of CD45 PTPase activity in vivo, and also implicate serine dephosphorylation as a possible mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostergaard, H L -- Trowbridge, I S -- CA-17733/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1654595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD45 ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*metabolism ; Ionomycin/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; Spleen/drug effects/enzymology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*enzymology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes induced by transfection of ras oncogenes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Mammalian 3T3-L1 cells differentiate into adipocytes after continuous exposure to pharmacological doses of insulin or physiological doses of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Expression of transfected ras oncogenes led to differentiation of these cells into adipocytes in the absence of externally added insulin or IGF-I. Cells transfected with normal ras genes or the tyrosine kinase trk oncogene did not differentiate. Transfection with a dominant inhibitory ras mutant resulted in inhibition of differentiation. Exposure of untransfected 3T3-L1 cells to insulin stimulated formation of the active Ras.GTP complex. These observations indicate that Ras proteins participate in signal transduction pathways initiated by insulin and IGF-I in these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benito, M -- Porras, A -- Nebreda, A R -- Santos, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):565-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Lateral movements of membrane glycoproteins restricted by dynamic cytoplasmic barriers (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: Cell membranes often are patchy, composed of lateral domains. These domains may be formed by barriers within or on either side of the membrane bilayer. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules that were either transmembrane- (H-2Db) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored (Qa2) were labeled with antibody-coated gold particles and moved across the cell surface with a laser optical tweezers until they encountered a barrier, the barrier-free path length (BFP). At room temperature, the BFPs of Qa2 and H-2Db were 1.7 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 (micrometers +/- SEM), respectively. Barriers persisted at 34 degrees C, although the BFP for both MHC molecules was fivefold greater at 34 degrees C than at 23 degrees C. This indicates that barriers to lateral movement are primarily on the cytoplasmic half of the membrane and are dynamic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edidin, M -- Kuo, S C -- Sheetz, M P -- AL14584/PHS HHS/ -- GM 36277/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1835798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Glycolipids/physiology ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Gold ; H-2 Antigens/*physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*physiology ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositols/physiology ; Thermodynamics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Lysyl oxidase and rrg messenger RNA (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kenyon, K -- Contente, S -- Trackman, P C -- Tang, J -- Kagan, H M -- Friedman, R M -- P01 HL13262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA37351-04A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR18880/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1678898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    In vitro and in vivo consequences of VLA-2 expression on rhabdomyosarcoma cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Cloned integrin alpha 2 subunit complementary DNA was expressed on human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells to give a functional VLA-2 (alpha 2 beta 1) adhesion receptor. The VLA-2-positive RDA2 cells not only showed increased adhesion to collagen and laminin in vitro, but also formed substantially more metastatic tumor colonies in nude mice after either intravenous or subcutaneous injection. These results show that a specific adhesion receptor (VLA-2) can markedly enhance both experimental and spontaneous metastasis. In contrast to the metastasis results, there was no difference in either the in vitro growth rate or apparent in vivo tumorigenicity of RD and RDA2 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, B M -- Matsuura, N -- Takada, Y -- Zetter, B R -- Hemler, M E -- CA 37393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 38903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Laminin ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Very Late Antigen/genetics/*physiology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/*pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Interaction of the IL-2 receptor with the src-family kinase p56lck: identification of novel intermolecular association (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: In the interleukin-2 (IL-2) system, intracellular signal transduction is triggered by the beta chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R beta); however, the responsible signaling mechanism remains unidentified. Evidence for the formation of a stable complex of IL-2R beta and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is presented. Specific association sites were identified in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of p56lck and in the cytoplasmic domain of IL-2R beta. As a result of interaction, IL-2R beta became phosphorylated in vitro by p56lck. Treatment of T lymphocytes with IL-2 promotes p56lck kinase activity. These data suggest the participation of p56lck as a critical signaling molecule downstream of IL-2R via a novel interaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatakeyama, M -- Kono, T -- Kobayashi, N -- Kawahara, A -- Levin, S D -- Perlmutter, R M -- Taniguchi, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1523-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/drug effects/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Recognition of self antigens by skin-derived T cells with invariant gamma delta antigen receptors (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal T cells (dECs) express invariant gamma delta antigen receptors and are found in intimate contact with keratinocytes in murine epidermis--thus raising the possibility that keratinocytes express a ligand for the antigen receptor of these T cells. Thy-1+ dECs were stimulated to produce lymphokines by interaction with keratinocytes in vitro. This stimulation was mediated through the dEC antigen receptor and did not appear to be restricted by the major histocompatibility complex. Thus, dECs can recognize self antigens and may participate in immune surveillance for cellular damage rather than for foreign antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Havran, W L -- Chien, Y H -- Allison, J P -- AI26942/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA40041/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1430-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1828619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Dendrites/immunology ; Epidermis ; *Immunity, Cellular ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2/secretion ; Keratinocytes/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Regulation of adhesion of ICAM-1 by the cytoplasmic domain of LFA-1 integrin beta subunit (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Interactions between cytotoxic lymphocytes and their targets require the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the integrin lymphocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18). LFA-1 is not constitutively avid for its counter-receptors, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)-1 and -2. Cross-linking of the TCR transiently converts LFA-1 to a high avidity state and thus provides a mechanism for regulating cellular adhesion and de-adhesion in an antigen-specific manner. Truncation of the cytoplasmic domain of the beta, but not the alpha, subunit of LFA-1 eliminated binding to ICAM-1 and sensitivity to phorbol esters. Thus, LFA-1 binding to ICAM-1 was found to be regulated by the cytoplasmic domain of the beta subunit of LFA-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hibbs, M L -- Xu, H -- Stacker, S A -- Springer, T A -- CA31798/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1611-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Flow Cytometry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/genetics/*physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    A heparin-binding growth factor secreted by macrophage-like cells that is related to EGF (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: Macrophage-like U-937 cells secrete a 22-kilodalton heparin-binding growth factor that is mitogenic for BALB-3T3 fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not endothelial cells. The amino acid sequence predicted from complementary DNA clones indicates that the mitogen is a new member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. This heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) binds to EGF receptors on A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and smooth muscle cells, but is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than is EGF. HB-EGF is also expressed in cultured human macrophages and may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higashiyama, S -- Abraham, J A -- Miller, J -- Fiddes, J C -- Klagsbrun, M -- CA37392/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA45548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):936-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgical Research, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1840698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Growth Substances/*metabolism ; Heparin/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Expression cDNA cloning of the KGF receptor by creation of a transforming autocrine loop (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: An expression cloning strategy was devised to isolate the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) receptor complementary DNA. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, which secrete this epithelial cell-specific mitogen, were transfected with a keratinocyte expression complementary DNA library. Among several transformed foci identified, one demonstrated the acquisition of specific high-affinity KGF binding sites. The pattern of binding competition by related fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) indicated that this receptor had high affinity for acidic FGF as well as KGF. The rescued 4.2-kilobase complementary DNA was shown to encode a predicted membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase related to but distinct from the basic FGF receptor. This expression cloning approach may be generally applicable to the isolation of genes that constitute limiting steps in mitogenic signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miki, T -- Fleming, T P -- Bottaro, D P -- Rubin, J S -- Ron, D -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):72-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1846048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Gene Expression ; Growth Substances/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Targets for dioxin: genes for plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 and interleukin-1 beta (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, may elicit its effects by altering gene expression in susceptible cells. Five TCDD-responsive complementary DNA clones were isolated from a human keratinocyte cell line. One of these clones encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, a factor that influences growth and differentiation by regulating proteolysis of the extracellular matrix. Another encodes the cytokine interleukin-1 beta. Thus, TCDD alters the expression of growth regulatory genes and has effects similar to those of other tumor-promoting agents that affect both inflammation and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sutter, T R -- Guzman, K -- Dold, K M -- Greenlee, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):415-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Blotting, Northern ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*genetics ; *Plasminogen Inactivators ; RNA, Messenger/drug effects ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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  • 13
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    Requirement of heparan sulfate for bFGF-mediated fibroblast growth and myoblast differentiation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface and to receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Prevention of binding between cell surface heparan sulfate and bFGF (i) substantially reduces binding of fibroblast growth factor to its cell-surface receptors, (ii) blocks the ability of bFGF to support the growth of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and (iii) induces terminal differentiation of MM14 skeletal muscle cells, which is normally repressed by fibroblast growth factor. These results indicate that cell surface heparan sulfate is directly involved in bFGF cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapraeger, A C -- Krufka, A -- Olwin, B B -- 5T32H007118/PHS HHS/ -- AR39467/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD21881/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR039467/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD021881/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1646484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chlorates/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Heparitin Sulfate/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Muscles/*cytology ; Polysaccharide-Lyases/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 14
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    Generation of cAMP-activated chloride currents by expression of CFTR (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-02-08
    Description: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis. In order to evaluate its function, CFTR was expressed in HeLa, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, and anion permeability was assessed with a fluorescence microscopic assay and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) increased anion permeability and chloride currents in cells expressing CFTR, but not in cells expressing a mutant CFTR (delta F508) or in nontransfected cells. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that CFTR is itself a cAMP-activated chloride channel. The alternative interpretation, that CFTR directly or indirectly regulates chloride channels, requires that these cells have endogenous cryptic, chloride channels that are stimulated by cAMP only in the presence of CFTR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, M P -- Rich, D P -- Gregory, R J -- Smith, A E -- Welsh, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 8;251(4994):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1704151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 15
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    Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-17
    Description: The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor binds various environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and polychlorinated aromatic compounds (dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls), and mediates the carcinogenic effects of these agents. The complementary DNA and part of the gene for an 87-kilodalton human protein that is necessary for Ah receptor function have been cloned. The protein is not the ligand-binding subunit of the receptor but is a factor that is required for the ligand-binding subunit to translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus after binding ligand. The requirement for this factor distinguishes the Ah receptor from the glucocorticoid receptor, to which the Ah receptor has been presumed to be similar. Two portions of the 87-kilodalton protein share sequence similarities with two Drosophila proteins, Per and Sim. Another segment of the protein shows conformity to the consensus sequence for the basic helix-loop-helix motif found in proteins that bind DNA as homodimers or heterodimers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, E C -- Reyes, H -- Chu, F F -- Sander, F -- Conley, L H -- Brooks, B A -- Hankinson, O -- CA 16048/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1852076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Receptors, Drug/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors ; Transfection
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  • 16
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    Putting new muscle into gene therapy (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Growth Hormone/administration & dosage ; Mice ; Muscles/*cytology/secretion ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
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  • 17
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    A 32-kD GTP-binding protein associated with the CD4-p56lck and CD8-p56lck T cell receptor complexes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: The guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins include signal-transducing heterotrimeric G proteins (for example, Gs, Gi), smaller GTP-binding proteins that function in protein sorting, and the oncogenic protein p21ras. The T cell receptor complexes CD4-p56lck and CD8-p56lck were found to include a 32- to 33-kilodalton phosphoprotein (p32) that was recognized by an antiserum to a consensus GTP-binding region in G proteins. Immunoprecipitated CD4 and CD8 complexes bound GTP and hydrolyzed it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The p32 protein was covalently linked to [alpha-32P]GTP by ultraviolet photoaffinity labeling. These results demonstrate an interaction between T cell receptor complexes and an intracellular GTP-binding protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Telfer, J C -- Rudd, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):439-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD4/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD8/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Genetic survey gains momentum (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; Cell Line ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; DNA/blood/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Oligoclonal expansion and CD1 recognition by human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: A human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) T cell line was established from jejunum to characterize the structure and function of the alpha beta T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) expressed by this population. Single-sided polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification cloning and quantitative PCR amplification of the TCR chains from the cell line and from fresh IELs demonstrated that IELs were oligoclonal. The IEL T cell line exhibited CD1-specific cytotoxicity and a dominant IEL T cell clone was CD1c-specific. Thus, human jejunal intraepithelial lymphocytes are oligoclonal and recognize members of the CD1 gene family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balk, S P -- Ebert, E C -- Blumenthal, R L -- McDermott, F V -- Wucherpfennig, K W -- Landau, S B -- Blumberg, R S -- 5 KO8 DK01886/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- CA-01310/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK42166/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1411-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1716785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD/*genetics/immunology ; Antigens, CD1 ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Epithelium/physiology ; Humans ; Jejunum/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 20
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    Deep UV photochemistry of chemisorbed monolayers: patterned coplanar molecular assemblies (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: Deep ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is shown to modify organosilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films by a photocleavage mechanism, which renders the surface amenable to further SAM modification. Patterned UV exposure creates alternating regions of intact SAM film and hydrophilic, reactive sites. The exposed regions can undergo a second chemisorption reaction to produce an assembly of SAMs in the same molecular plane with similar substrate attachment chemistry. The UV-patterned films are used as a template for selective buildup of fluorophores, metals, and biological cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dulcey, C S -- Georger, J H Jr -- Krauthamer, V -- Stenger, D A -- Fare, T L -- Calvert, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):551-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geo-Centers, Inc., Fort Washington, MD 20744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2020853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Axons/physiology/*radiation effects ; Cell Adhesion/radiation effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/radiation effects ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma ; Photochemistry ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 21
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    Primary structure and functional expression of the 5HT3 receptor, a serotonin-gated ion channel (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: The neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT) activates a variety of second messenger signaling systems and through them indirectly regulates the function of ion channels. Serotonin also activates ion channels directly, suggesting that it may also mediate rapid, excitatory responses. A complementary DNA clone containing the coding sequence of one of these rapidly responding channels, a 5HT3 subtype of the serotonin receptor, has been isolated by screening a neuroblastoma expression library for functional expression of serotonin-gated currents in Xenopus oocytes. The predicted protein product has many of the features shared by other members of the ligand-gated ion channel family. The pharmacological and electrophysiological characteristics of the cloned receptor are largely consistent with the properties of native 5HT3 receptors. Messenger RNA encoding this receptor is found in the brain, spinal cord, and heart. This receptor defines a new class of excitatory ligand-gated channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maricq, A V -- Peterson, A S -- Brake, A J -- Myers, R M -- Julius, D -- GM44298/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):432-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1718042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Ion Channels/*chemistry/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Poly A ; RNA, Messenger ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptors, Serotonin/*chemistry/drug effects/physiology ; Xenopus
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  • 22
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    Variable effects of phosphorylation of Pit-1 dictated by the DNA response elements (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-16
    Description: Pit-1, a tissue-specific POU domain transcription factor, is required for the activation of the prolactin, growth hormone, and Pit-1 promoters that confer regulation by epidermal growth factor, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and phorbol esters. Pit-1 is phosphorylated in pituitary cells at two distinct sites in response to phorbol esters and cAMP. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 modifies its conformation on DNA recognition elements and results in increased binding at certain sites and decreased binding at other sites, dependent on DNA sequences adjacent to the core Pit-1 binding motif. One residue (Thr220), located in the POU homeodomain within a sequence conserved throughout the POU-domain family, confers these responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kapiloff, M S -- Farkash, Y -- Wegner, M -- Rosenfeld, M G -- DK 18477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):786-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eukaryotic Regulatory Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1652153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/pharmacology ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Mapping ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*physiology ; Trypsin
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  • 23
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    The trk proto-oncogene product: a signal transducing receptor for nerve growth factor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: The trk proto-oncogene encodes a 140-kilodalton, membrane-spanning protein tyrosine kinase (p140prototrk) that is expressed only in neural tissues. Nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulates phosphorylation of p140prototrk in neural cell lines and in embryonic dorsal root ganglia. Affinity cross-linking and equilibrium binding experiments with 125I-labeled NGF indicate that p140prototrk binds NGF specifically in cultured cells with a dissociation constant of 10(-9) molar. The identification of p140prototrk as an NGF receptor indicates that this protein participates in the primary signal transduction mechanism of NGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaplan, D R -- Hempstead, B L -- Martin-Zanca, D -- Chao, M V -- Parada, L F -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):554-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eukaryotic Signal Transduction Group, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1850549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Ganglia, Spinal/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism/*physiology ; Neuroblastoma ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, trkA ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism/*physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 24
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    Identification of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor as the c-met proto-oncogene product (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-02-15
    Description: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a plasminogen-like protein thought to be a humoral mediator of liver regeneration. A 145-kilodalton tyrosyl phosphoprotein observed in rapid response to HGF treatment of intact target cells was identified by immunoblot analysis as the beta subunit of the c-met proto-oncogene product, a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase. Covalent cross-linking of 125I-labeled ligand to cellular proteins of appropriate size that were recognized by antibodies to c-met directly established the c-met product as the cell-surface receptor for HGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bottaro, D P -- Rubin, J S -- Faletto, D L -- Chan, A M -- Kmiecik, T E -- Vande Woude, G F -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):802-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1846706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Growth Substances/*metabolism/physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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  • 25
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    Effect of light chain V region duplication on IgG oligomerization and in vivo efficacy (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: A human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody oligomer was isolated from a transfected myeloma cell line that produced a monoclonal antibody to group B streptococci. Compared to the IgG1 monomer, the oligomer was significantly more effective at protecting neonatal rats from infection in vivo. The oligomer was also shown to cross the placenta and to be stable in neonatal rats. Immunochemical analysis and complementary DNA sequencing showed that the transfected cell line produced two distinct kappa light chains: a normal light chain (Ln) with a molecular mass of 25 kilodaltons and a 37-kilodalton species (L37), the domain composition of which was variable-variable-constant (V-V-C). Cotransfection of vectors encoding the heavy chain and L37 resulted in production of oligomeric IgG.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuford, W -- Raff, H V -- Finley, J W -- Esselstyn, J -- Harris, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immune Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute-Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1902593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/immunology/pharmacokinetics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/immunology/pharmacokinetics ; Cell Line ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Streptococcus agalactiae/immunology ; Transfection
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  • 26
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    Structurally homologous ligand binding of integrin Mac-1 and viral glycoprotein C receptors (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-22
    Description: Three spatially distant surface loops were found to mediate the interaction of the coagulation protein factor X with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. This interacting region, which by computational modeling defines a three-dimensional macromotif in the catalytic domain, was also recognized by glycoprotein C (gC), a factor X receptor expressed on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected endothelial cells. Peptidyl mimicry of each loop inhibited factor X binding to Mac-1 and gC, blocked monocyte generation of thrombin, and prevented monocyte adhesion to HSV-infected endothelium. These data link the ligand recognition of Mac-1 to established mechanisms of receptor-mediated vascular injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altieri, D C -- Etingin, O R -- Fair, D S -- Brunck, T K -- Geltosky, J E -- Hajjar, D P -- Edgington, T S -- HL 46408/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL 16411/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL 43773/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1200-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1957171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Factor X/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ligands ; Macrophage-1 Antigen/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mechanism for regulating cell surface distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in polarized epithelial cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: Restriction of sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) to either the apical or basal-lateral membrane domain of polarized epithelial cells is fundamental to vectorial ion and solute transport in many tissues and organs. A restricted membrane distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells was found experimentally to be generated by preferential retention of active enzyme in the basal-lateral membrane domain and selective inactivation and loss from the apical membrane domain, rather than by vectorial targeting of newly synthesized protein from the Golgi complex to the basal-lateral membrane domain. These results show how different distributions of the same subunits of Na+,K(+)-ATPase may be generated in normal polarized epithelial and in disease states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammerton, R W -- Krzeminski, K A -- Mays, R W -- Ryan, T A -- Wollner, D A -- Nelson, W J -- GM 35527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):847-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1658934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Communication ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology/physiology ; *Cell Polarity ; Dogs ; Epithelium/enzymology/physiology ; Kinetics ; Ouabain/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism
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  • 28
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    Cell cycle-dependent coupling of the calcitonin receptor to different G proteins (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: Calcitonin is a calcium regulating peptide hormone with binding sites in kidney and bone as well as in the central nervous system. The mechanisms of signal transduction by calcitonin receptors were studied in a pig kidney cell line where the hormone was found to regulate sodium pumps. Calcitonin receptors activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or the protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. The two transduction pathways required guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) (the choleratoxin sensitive Gs and the pertussis toxin sensitive Gi, respectively) and led to opposite biological responses. Moreover, selective activation of one or the other pathway was cell cycle-dependent. Therefore, calcitonin may induce different biological responses in target cells depending on their positions in the cell cycle. Such a modulation of ligand-induced responses could be of importance in rapidly growing cell populations such as during embryogenesis, growth, and tumor formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chakraborty, M -- Chatterjee, D -- Kellokumpu, S -- Rasmussen, H -- Baron, R -- DE-04724/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- DK-19813/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1078-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1847755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/physiology ; Animals ; Calcitonin/*physiology ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Kidney ; Ouabain/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcitonin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism ; Swine
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  • 29
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    Dopamine activation of an orphan of the steroid receptor superfamily (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily and participates in the regulation of several genes. While a number of functions have been ascribed to COUP-TF, no ligand or activator molecule has been identified, and thus it is classified as one of a group of orphan receptors. Activation of COUP-TF by physiological concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine was observed in transient transfection assays. Treatment of transfected cells with the dopamine receptor agonist alpha-ergocryptine also activated COUP-dependent expression of a reporter gene. COUP-TF that contained a deletion in the COOH-terminal domain was not activated by these compounds. These observations suggest that dopamine may be a physiological activator of COUP-TF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Power, R F -- Lydon, J P -- Conneely, O M -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1546-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Chimera ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Ergolines/pharmacology ; Ethers, Cyclic/pharmacology ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Okadaic Acid ; Ovalbumin/*genetics ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Steroid/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Regulation of interleukin-2 gene enhancer activity by the T cell accessory molecule CD28 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-18
    Description: The mechanism by which cell surface molecules regulate T cell production of lymphokines is poorly understood. Production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be regulated by signal transduction pathways distinct from those induced by the T cell antigen receptor. Stimulation of CD28, a molecule expressed on most human T cells, induced the formation of a protein complex that bound to a site on the IL-2 gene distinct from previously described binding sites and increased IL-2 enhancer activity fivefold. The CD28-responsive complex bound to the IL-2 gene between -164 and -154 base pairs from the transcription start site. The sequence of this element is similar to regions conserved in the 5' flanking regions of several other lymphokine genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, J D -- Irving, B A -- Crabtree, G R -- Weiss, A -- GM39553/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 18;251(4991):313-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1846244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD28 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Prevention of apoptosis by a baculovirus gene during infection of insect cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: Programmed cell death is an active process of self destruction that is important in both the development and maintenance of multicellular animals. The molecular mechanisms controlling activation or suppression of programmed cell death are largely unknown. Apoptosis, a morphologically and biochemically defined type of programmed cell death commonly seen in vertebrates, was found to be initiated during baculovirus replication in insect cells. A specific viral gene product, p35, was identified as being responsible for blocking the apoptotic response. Identification of the function of this gene will allow further definition of the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of programmed cell death and may identify the role of apoptosis in invertebrate viral defense systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clem, R J -- Fechheimer, M -- Miller, L K -- AI23719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1388-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Baculoviridae/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Death ; Cell Line ; *Genes, Viral ; Insects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Open Reading Frames ; Phenotype ; Restriction Mapping
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    Cloning of a serotonin transporter affected by antidepressants (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: A complementary DNA clone for a serotonin (5HT) transporter has been isolated from rat basophilic leukemia cells. The complementary DNA sequence predicts a 653-amino acid protein with 12 to 13 putative transmembrane domains. The 5HT transporter has significant homology to the gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters. Uptake by CV-1 cells expressing the transporter complementary DNA resembles 5HT uptake by platelets and brain synaptosomes; it is sensitive to antidepressants, amphetamine derivatives, and cocaine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, B J -- Mezey, E -- Brownstein, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):579-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/*pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Kinetics ; Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-09-13
    Description: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although the best characterized activities of IL-8 include the chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils, other members of this family have a wide range of specific actions including the chemotaxis and activation of monocytes, the selective chemotaxis of memory T cells, the inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, and the induction of neutrophil infiltration in vivo. A complementary DNA encoding the IL-8 receptor from human neutrophils has now been isolated. The amino acid sequence shows that the receptor is a member of the superfamily of receptors that couple to guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The sequence is 29% identical to that of receptors for the other neutrophil chemoattractants, fMet-Leu-Phe and C5a. Mammalian cells transfected with the IL-8 receptor cDNA clone bind IL-8 with high affinity and respond specifically to IL-8 by transiently mobilizing calcium. The IL-8 receptor may be part of a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that transduce signals for the IL-8 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmes, W E -- Lee, J -- Kuang, W J -- Rice, G C -- Wood, W I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1278-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1840701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Enhanced motility in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts that overexpress gelsolin (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Increasing the content of the actin-binding protein gelsolin in cultured mouse fibroblasts by up to 125 percent by gene transfection proportionally enhanced the rate at which the cells migrated through porous filters toward a gradient of serum and closed a wound made on a confluent monolayer of cells in a tissue culture dish. These results provide direct evidence that gelsolin, which promotes both actin assembly and disassembly in vitro, is an important element in fibroblast locomotion and demonstrate that the manipulation of intracellular machinery can increase cell motility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, C C -- Stossel, T P -- Kwiatkowski, D J -- AI28465/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL07680/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL19429/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1233-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hematology-Oncology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1848726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; *Chemotaxis ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Gelsolin ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transfection
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    Suppression of tumorigenicity in Wilms tumor by the p15.5-p14 region of chromosome 11 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: Wilms tumor has been associated with genomic alterations at both the 11p13 and 11p15 regions. To differentiate between the involvement of these two loci, a chromosome 11 was constructed that had one or the other region deleted, and this chromosome was introduced into the tumorigenic Wilms tumor cell line G401. When assayed for tumor-forming activity in nude mice, the 11p13-deleted, but not the 11p15.5-p14.1-deleted chromosome, retained its ability to suppress tumor formation. These results provide in vivo functional evidence for the existence of a second genetic locus (WT2) involved in suppressing the tumorigenic phenotype of Wilms tumor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dowdy, S F -- Fasching, C L -- Araujo, D -- Lai, K M -- Livanos, E -- Weissman, B E -- Stanbridge, E J -- CA19104/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA44470/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1656527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/*genetics ; *Genes, Wilms Tumor/genetics ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics
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    Identification of a zinc finger protein that inhibits IL-2 gene expression (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Transient activation of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene after antigen recognition by T lymphocytes is crucial for subsequent T cell proliferation and differentiation. Several IL-2 gene regulatory elements and binding factors necessary for activation of the IL-2 gene have been defined. However, little is known about negative regulation of IL-2 expression, which is likely to be important in the rapid shut-off of IL-2 transcription. A nucleotide sequence element (NRE-A) that negatively regulates IL-2 expression has been identified within the IL-2 gene. T cell nuclear extracts contained an NRE-A binding activity. A complementary DNA was isolated that encodes a zinc finger-containing protein that suppressed IL-2 gene expression. The observation of negative regulation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer by an element similar to NRE-A suggests that related proteins may regulate multiple immune response genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, T M -- Moolten, D -- Burlein, J -- Romano, J -- Bhaerman, R -- Godillot, A -- Mellon, M -- Rauscher, F J 3rd -- Kant, J A -- AI23879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA23413/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA54428/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1791-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1840704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA Probes ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Restriction Mapping ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics/physiology
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    Regulation of B cell antigen receptor signal transduction and phosphorylation by CD45 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: CD45 is a member of a family of membrane proteins that possess phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity, and is the source of much of the tyrosine phosphatase activity in lymphocytes. In view of its enzymatic activity and high copy number, it seems likely that CD45 functions in transmembrane signal transduction by lymphocyte receptors that are coupled to activation of tyrosine kinases. The B cell antigen receptor was found to transduce a Ca(2+)-mobilizing signal only if cells expressed CD45. Also, both membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM) and CD45 were lost from the surface of cells treated with antibody to CD45, suggesting a physical interaction between these proteins. Finally, CD45 dephosphorylated a complex of mIg-associated proteins that appears to function in signal transduction by the antigen receptor. These data indicate that CD45 occurs as a component of a complex of proteins associated with the antigen receptor, and that CD45 may regulate signal transduction by modulating the phosphorylation state of the antigen receptor subunits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Justement, L B -- Campbell, K S -- Chien, N C -- Cambier, J C -- AI20519/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI21768/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1648262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD45 ; Antigens, Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Calcium/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin M/physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmacytoma ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology ; Transfection
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  • 38
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    Association of B cell antigen receptor with protein tyrosine kinase Lyn (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: Antigen is thought to cross-link membrane-bound immunoglobulins (Igs) of B cells, causing proliferation and differentiation or the inhibition of growth. Protein tyrosine kinases are probably involved in signal transduction for cell proliferation and differentiation. The Src-like protein tyrosine kinase Lyn is expressed preferentially in B cells. The Lyn protein and its kinase activity could be coimmunoprecipitated with IgM from detergent lysates. Cross-linking of membrane-bound IgM induced a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of at least ten distinct proteins of B cells. Thus, Lyn is physically associated with membrane-bound IgM, and is suggested to participate in antigen-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamanashi, Y -- Kakiuchi, T -- Mizuguchi, J -- Yamamoto, T -- Toyoshima, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, University of Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1702903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Detergents ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin M/metabolism ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *src-Family Kinases
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  • 39
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    Chimeric NGF-EGF receptors define domains responsible for neuronal differentiation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: To determine the domains of the low-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor required for appropriate signal transduction, a series of hybrid receptors were constructed that consisted of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the human low-affinity NGF receptor (NGFR). Transfection of these chimeric receptors into rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells resulted in appropriate cell surface expression. Biological activity mediated by the EGF-NGF chimeric receptor was assayed by the induction of neurite outgrowth in response to EGF in stably transfected cells. Furthermore, the chimeric receptor mediated nuclear signaling, as evidenced by the specific induction of transin messenger RNA, an NGF-responsive gene. Neurite outgrowth was not observed with chimeric receptors that contained the transmembrane domain from the EGFR, suggesting that the membrane-spanning region and cytoplasmic domain of the low-affinity NGFR are necessary for signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, H -- Schlessinger, J -- Chao, M V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):561-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1850551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; Animals ; Axons/drug effects/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology/*physiology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Pheochromocytoma ; Rats ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Transfection
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    Ability of the c-mos product to associate with and phosphorylate tubulin (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-08
    Description: The mos proto-oncogene product, pp39mos, is a protein kinase and has been equated with cytostatic factor (CSF), an activity in unfertilized eggs that is thought to be responsible for the arrest of meiosis at metaphase II. The biochemical properties and potential substrates of pp39mos were examined in unfertilized eggs and in transformed cells in order to study how the protein functions both as CSF and in transformation. The pp39mos protein associated with polymers under conditions that favor tubulin oligomerization and was present in an approximately 500-kilodalton "core" complex under conditions that favor depolymerization. beta-Tubulin was preferentially coprecipitated in pp39mos immunoprecipitates and was the major phosphorylated product in a pp39mos-dependent immune complex kinase assay. Immunofluorescence analysis of NIH 3T3 cells transformed with Xenopus c-mos showed that pp39mos colocalizes with tubulin in the spindle during metaphase and in the midbody and asters during telophase. Disruption of microtubules with nocodazole affected tubulin and pp39mos organization in the same way. It therefore appears that pp39mos is a tubulin-associated protein kinase and may thus participate in the modification of microtubules and contribute to the formation of the spindle. This activity expressed during interphase in somatic cells may be responsible for the transforming activity of pp39mos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, R P -- Oskarsson, M -- Paules, R S -- Schulz, N -- Cleveland, D -- Vande Woude, G F -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 8;251(4994):671-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1825142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos ; Tubulin/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Intracellular signaling by 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-13
    Description: In mammals, retinol is the precursor for retinoids, which affect various aspects of morphogenesis and development. However, B lymphocytes, although retinol-dependent, do not use retinoic acid as mediator. Retinol is metabolized by B lymphocytes and other cell lines to optically active 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol; it is this compound that mediates the growth control. Thus another second messenger molecule, in addition to retinoic acid and retinal, is derived from retinol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, J -- Derguini, F -- Levi, E -- Nakanishi, K -- Hammerling, U -- AI38351/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA49933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 13;254(5038):1654-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1749937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Cell Line ; Growth Substances ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mice ; Retinoids/*chemistry ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Vitamin A/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Signal transduction by interferon-alpha through arachidonic acid metabolism (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: Molecular mechanisms that mediate signal transduction by growth inhibitory cytokines are poorly understood. Type I (alpha and beta) interferons (IFNs) are potent growth inhibitory cytokines whose biological activities depend on induced changes in gene expression. IFN-alpha induced the transient activation of phospholipase A2 in 3T3 fibroblasts and rapid hydrolysis of [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) from prelabeled phospholipid pools. The phospholipase inhibitor, bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), specifically blocked IFN-induced binding of nuclear factors to a conserved, IFN-regulated enhancer element, the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). BPB also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of IFN-alpha-induced ISRE-dependent transcription in transient transfection assays. Specific inhibition of AA oxygenation by eicosatetraynoic acid prevented IFN-alpha induction of factor binding to the ISRE. Treatment of intact cells with inhibitors of fatty acid cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase enzymes resulted in amplification of IFN-alpha-induced ISRE binding and gene expression. Thus, IFN-alpha receptor-coupled AA hydrolysis may function in activation of latent transcription factors by IFN-alpha and provides a system for studying the role of AA metabolism in transduction of growth inhibitory signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hannigan, G E -- Williams, B R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):204-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1898993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid/pharmacology ; Acetophenones/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Enzyme Activation ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Interferon Type I/*physiology ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; Lysophosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Masoprocol/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phospholipases A/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Identification of a competitive HGF antagonist encoded by an alternative transcript (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: We identified a naturally occurring hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) variant, whose predicted sequence extends only through the second kringle domain of this plasminogen-related molecule. This smaller molecule, derived from an alternative HGF transcript, lacked mitogenic activity but specifically inhibited HGF-induced mitogenesis. Cross-linking studies demonstrated that the truncated molecule competes with HGF for binding to the HGF receptor, which has been identified as the c-met protooncogene product. Thus, the same gene encodes both a growth factor and its direct antagonist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, A M -- Rubin, J S -- Bottaro, D P -- Hirschfield, D W -- Chedid, M -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1382-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1720571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Culture Media ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Growth Substances/*genetics/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Plasmids ; Poly A/genetics/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger ; Thymidine/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Generation of calcium oscillations in fibroblasts by positive feedback between calcium and IP3 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: A wide variety of nonexcitable cells generate repetitive transient increases in cytosolic calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) when stimulated with agonists that engage the phosphoinositide signalling pathway. Current theories regarding the mechanisms of oscillation disagree on whether Ca2+ inhibits or stimulates its own release from internal stores and whether inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DG) also undergo oscillations linked to the Ca2+ spikes. In this study, Ca2+ was found to stimulate its own release in REF52 fibroblasts primed by mitogens plus depolarization. However, unlike Ca2+ release in muscle and nerve cells, this amplification was insensitive to caffeine or ryanodine and required hormone receptor occupancy and functional IP3 receptors. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i were accompanied by oscillations in IP3 concentration but did not require functional protein kinase C. Therefore, the dominant feedback mechanism in this cell type appears to be Ca2+ stimulation of phospholipase C once this enzyme has been activated by hormone receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harootunian, A T -- Kao, J P -- Paranjape, S -- Tsien, R Y -- GM 31004/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 27177/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):75-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute M-047, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1986413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Feedback ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/*metabolism ; Heparin/pharmacology ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*metabolism ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; *Periodicity ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ryanodine/pharmacology ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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    Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-19
    Description: Although the CD4 molecule is the principal cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several CD4-negative cell lines are susceptible to infection with one or more HIV strains. These findings indicate that there are alternate modes of viral entry, perhaps involving one or more receptor molecules. Antibodies against galactosyl ceramide (galactocerebroside, or GalC) inhibited viral internalization and infection in two CD4-negative cell lines derived from the nervous system: U373-MG and SK-N-MC. Furthermore, recombinant HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 bound to GalC but not to other glycolipids. These results suggest a role for GalC or a highly related molecule in HIV entry into neural cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harouse, J M -- Bhat, S -- Spitalnik, S L -- Laughlin, M -- Stefano, K -- Silberberg, D H -- Gonzalez-Scarano, F -- CA-45690/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-11037/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-27405/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 19;253(5017):320-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies ; Antigens, CD4/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Galactosylceramides/*immunology ; Gene Products, gag/genetics ; Glioma ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV-1/genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology
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    Cell cycle regulation of histone H1 kinase activity associated with the adenoviral protein E1A (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-23
    Description: Several cellular proteins form stable complexes with the proteins encoded by the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene in extracts derived from adenovirus infected or transformed cells. Two of the cellular proteins that bind to E1A have been identified; one, a 105-kilodalton protein (pRb), is the product of the retinoblastoma gene, and the other, a 60-kilodalton protein, is a human cyclin A. Two other proteins that bind E1A have now been shown to be related to p34cdc2. This E1A complex displayed histone H1-specific kinase activity; the kinase activity was modulated during the cell division cycle, and association of pRb with E1A apparently was not required for this activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giordano, A -- Lee, J H -- Scheppler, J A -- Herrmann, C -- Harlow, E -- Deuschle, U -- Beach, D -- Franza, B R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1271-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Freeman Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1653969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus Early Proteins ; Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/*metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; HeLa Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics/*metabolism ; Protamine Kinase/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Recombination, Genetic
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    LAV revisited: origins of the early HIV-1 isolates from Institut Pasteur (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-17
    Description: Two of the first human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) strains isolated were authenticated by reanalyzing original cultured samples stored at the Collection Nationale de Culture des Microorganismes as well as uncultured primary material. Cloned polymerase chain reaction products were used to analyze coding sequences of the V3 loop in the gp120 glycoprotein. The original isolate HIV-1 Bru, formerly called LAV, was derived from patient BRU. HIV-1 Lai was derived from patient LAI and contaminated a HIV-1 Bru culture between 20 July and 3 August 1983. The culture became, in effect, HIV-1 Lai, identifiable by a unique motif in the V3 loop. Because of this contamination two, rather than one, HIV-1 isolates were sent to the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology at the National Cancer Institute on 23 September 1983. Original HIV-1 Bru was indeed present in the sample marked JBB/LAV. However the M2T-/B sample harbored HIV-1 Lai, a strain capable of growing on established cell lines. The striking similarity between HIV-1 Lai (formerly LAV-Bru) and HTLV-3B sequences remains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wain-Hobson, S -- Vartanian, J P -- Henry, M -- Chenciner, N -- Cheynier, R -- Delassus, S -- Martins, L P -- Sala, M -- Nugeyre, M T -- Guetard, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):961-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2035026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/pathology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Biopsy ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification ; France ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*genetics ; HIV-1/classification/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology/pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; United States ; Virology/methods
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    Systemic delivery of recombinant proteins by genetically modified myoblasts (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-06
    Description: The ability to stably deliver recombinant proteins to the systemic circulation would facilitate the treatment of a variety of acquired and inherited diseases. To explore the feasibility of the use of genetically engineered myoblasts as a recombinant protein delivery system, stable transfectants of the murine C2C12 myoblast cell line were produced that synthesize and secrete high levels of human growth hormone (hGH) in vitro. Mice injected with hGH-transfected myoblasts had significant levels of hGH in both muscle and serum that were stable for at least 3 weeks after injection. Histological examination of muscles injected with beta-galactosidase-expressing C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated that many of the injected cells had fused to form multinucleated myotubes. Thus, genetically engineered myoblasts can be used for the stable delivery of recombinant proteins into the circulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barr, E -- Leiden, J M -- 1 P01 DK42718-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1507-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Growth Hormone/*administration & dosage/blood ; Mice ; Muscles/*cytology/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/*administration & dosage ; *Transfection
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  • 49
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    Distinct protein targets for signals acting at the c-fos serum response element (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-01-11
    Description: The c-fos serum response element (SRE) is a primary nuclear target for intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered by growth factors. It is the target for both protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent and -independent signals. Function of the SRE requires binding of a cellular protein, termed serum response factor (SRF). A second protein, p62TCF, recognizes the SRE-SRF complex to form a ternary complex. A mutated SRE that bound SRF but failed to form the ternary complex selectively lost response to PKC activators, but retained response to PKC-independent signals. Thus, two different signaling pathways act through discrete nuclear targets at the SRE. At least one of these pathways functions by recruitment of a pathway-specific accessory factor (p62TCF). These results offer a molecular mechanism to account for the biological specificity of signals that appear to act through common DNA sequence elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, R -- Gilman, M -- AI27270/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA45642/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA46370/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 11;251(4990):189-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1898992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Blood ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Second Messenger Systems ; Serum Response Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transfection
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    The receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-07-05
    Description: Although neurotrophic factors were originally isolated on the basis of their ability to support the survival of neurons, these molecules are now thought to influence many aspects of the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Identifying the receptors for these neurotrophic factors should aid in identifying the cells on which these factors act and in understanding their precise mechanisms of action. A "tagged-ligand panning" procedure was used to clone a receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). This receptor is expressed exclusively within the nervous system and skeletal muscle. The CNTF receptor has a structure unrelated to the receptors utilized by the nerve growth factor family of neurotrophic molecules, but instead is most homologous to the receptor for a cytokine, interleukin-6. This similarity suggestes that the CNTF receptor, like the interleukin-6 receptor, requires a second, signal-transducing component. In contrast to all known receptors, the CNTF receptor is anchored to cell membranes by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S -- Aldrich, T H -- Valenzuela, D M -- Wong, V V -- Furth, M E -- Squinto, S P -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):59-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1648265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/metabolism ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/blood/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Regulation of phagocytosis and [Ca2+]i flux by distinct regions of an Fc receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: The binding of multivalent immunoglobulin G complexes to Fc receptors (Fc gamma Rs) on macrophages activates multiple immune functions. A murine macrophage cell line, but not a fibroblast cell line, that was transfected with human Fc gamma RIIA mediated phagocytosis and an intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) flux upon cross-linking of human Fc gamma RIIA. Transfected macrophages that expressed a truncated receptor lacking 17 carboxy-terminal amino acids phagocytosed small antibody complexes. However, only wild-type transfectants phagocytosed labeled erythrocytes and fluxed [Ca2+]i. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of human Fc gamma RIIA contains distinct functional regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odin, J A -- Edberg, J C -- Painter, C J -- Kimberly, R P -- Unkeless, J C -- AI 24322/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 24671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR 33062/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1785-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1837175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Macrophages ; Mice ; *Phagocytosis ; Receptors, Fc/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, IgG ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Recombinase-mediated gene activation and site-specific integration in mammalian cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-15
    Description: A binary system for gene activation and site-specific integration, based on the conditional recombination of transfected sequences mediated by the FLP recombinase from yeast, was implemented in mammalian cells. In several cell lines, FLP rapidly and precisely recombined copies of its specific target sequence to activate an otherwise silent beta-galactosidase reporter gene. Clones of marked cells were generated by excisional recombination within a chromosomally integrated copy of the silent reporter. By the reverse reaction, integration of transfected DNA was targeted to a specific chromosomal site. The results suggest that FLP could be used to mosaically activate or inactivate transgenes for analysis of vertebrate development, and to efficiently integrate transfected DNA at predetermined chromosomal locations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Gorman, S -- Fox, D T -- Wahl, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 15;251(4999):1351-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mammals/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Restriction Mapping ; *Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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    Primary structure and functional activity of a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: A phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D (PI-G PLD) that specifically hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol-glycans (PI-Gs) has recently been purified from human and bovine sera. The primary structure of bovine PI-G PLD has now been determined and the functional activity of the enzyme has been studied. Expression of PI-G PLD complementary DNA in COS cells produced a protein that specifically hydrolyzed the inositol phosphate linkage of the PI-G anchor. Cotransfection of PI-G PLD with a PI-G-anchored protein resulted in the secretion of the PI-G-anchored protein. The results suggest that the expression of PI-G PLD may influence the expression and location of PI-G-anchored proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scallon, B J -- Fung, W J -- Tsang, T C -- Li, S -- Kado-Fong, H -- Huang, K S -- Kochan, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):446-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular/Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phospholipase D/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection ; Trypsin
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    Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive dopamine transporter complementary DNA (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: A rat dopamine (DA) transporter complementary DNA has been isolated with combined complementary DNA homology and expression approaches. The DA transporter is a 619-amino acid protein with 12 hydrophobic putative membrane-spanning domains and homology to the norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. The expressed complementary DNA confers transport of [3H]DA in Xenopus oocytes and in COS cells. Binding of the cocaine analog [3H]CFT ([3H]2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane) to transfected COS cell membranes yields a pharmacological profile similar to that in striatal membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimada, S -- Kitayama, S -- Lin, C L -- Patel, A -- Nanthakumar, E -- Gregor, P -- Kuhar, M -- Uhl, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):576-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cocaine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Female ; Kinetics ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Oocytes/physiology ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Xenopus
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    In vivo footprinting of MHC class II genes: bare promoters in the bare lymphocyte syndrome (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes are coordinately regulated and show tissue-specific expression. With the use of in vivo footprinting, common promoter sites in these genes were found to be occupied only in cells that expressed the genes, in spite of the presence of the promoter binding proteins. In vivo analysis of mutant cell lines that exhibited coordinate loss of class II MHC expression, including several from individuals with bare lymphocyte syndrome, revealed two in vivo phenotypes. One suggests a defect in gene activation, whereas the other suggests a defect in promoter accessibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kara, C J -- Glimcher, L H -- AI21163/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM36864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):709-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1902592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; *Gene Expression ; Genes, MHC Class II/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Syndrome
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    Fibroblast growth factor receptor: does it have a role in the binding of herpes simplex virus? (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shieh, M T -- Spear, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 12;253(5016):208-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1649495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism ; Herpes Simplex/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Receptors, Virus/*physiology ; Simplexvirus/*metabolism
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    Transcriptional repression mediated by the WT1 Wilms tumor gene product (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-07
    Description: The wt1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene located at the Wilms tumor (WT) locus on chromosome 11p13, encodes a zinc finger-containing protein that binds to the same DNA sequence as EGR-1, a mitogen-inducible immediate-early gene product that activates transcription. The transcriptional regulatory potential of WT1 has not been demonstrated. In transient transfection assays, the WT1 protein functioned as a repressor of transcription when bound to the EGR-1 site. The repression function was mapped to the glutamine- and proline-rich NH2-terminus of WT1; fusion of this domain to the zinc finger region of EGR-1 converted EGR-1 into a transcriptional repressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Madden, S L -- Cook, D M -- Morris, J F -- Gashler, A -- Sukhatme, V P -- Rauscher, F J 3rd -- CA-0917-15/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-23413/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-52009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1550-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1654597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Viral persistence in neurons explained by lack of major histocompatibility class I expression (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-09-13
    Description: Viruses frequently persist in neurons, suggesting that these cells can evade immune surveillance. In a mouse model, 5 x 10(6) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), did not lyse infected neurons or cause immunopathologic injury. In contrast, intracerebral injection of less than 10(3) CTL caused disease and death when viral antigens were expressed on leptomeningeal and choroid plexus cells of the nervous system. The neuronal cell line OBL21 expresses little or no major histocompatibility (MHC) class I surface glycoproteins and when infected with LCMV, resisted lysis by virus-specific CTLs. Expression of MHC heavy chain messenger RNA was limited, but beta 2-microglobulin messenger RNA and protein was made normally. OBL21 cells were made sensitive to CTL lysis by transfection with a fusion gene encoding another MHC class I molecule. Hence, neuronal cells probably evade immune surveillance by failing to express MHC class I molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joly, E -- Mucke, L -- Oldstone, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1283-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1891717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Animals ; Brain/immunology/*microbiology ; Cell Line ; Chronic Disease ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/*immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neurons/immunology/*microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    Recognition by class II alloreactive T cells of processed determinants from human serum proteins (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: Alloreactive T cells recognize a complex composed of an allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule and a peptide derived from the processing of nonpolymorphic proteins. A sizable fraction of MHC class II alloreactive T cells is shown to recognize peptides derived from constitutive processing of human serum proteins. One such epitope is a fragment of human serum albumin. This epitope bound selectively to the human class II molecule DRw11 and was constitutively present on antigen-presenting cells in vivo. These data indicate that, in the case of MHC class II, peptides involved in allorecognition may originate from exogenous proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panina-Bordignon, P -- Corradin, G -- Roosnek, E -- Sette, A -- Lanzavecchia, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1548-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1710827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Antigens, CD4/immunology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Epitopes/analysis/*immunology ; HLA-DR Antigens/*immunology ; HLA-DR Serological Subtypes ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Serum Albumin/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Low affinity interaction of peptide-MHC complexes with T cell receptors (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: The interaction of antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) with their ligands, peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is central to most immune responses, yet little is known about its chemical characteristics. The binding to T cells of a labeled monoclonal antibody to the TCR was inhibited by soluble class II MHC heterodimers complexed to different peptides. Inhibition was both peptide- and TCR-specific and of low affinity, with a KD = 4 x 10(-5) to 6 x 10(-5) M, orders of magnitude weaker than comparable antibody-antigen interactions. This finding is consistent with the scanning nature of T cell recognition and suggests that antigen-independent adhesion precedes TCR engagement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsui, K -- Boniface, J J -- Reay, P A -- Schild, H -- Fazekas de St Groth, B -- Davis, M M -- AI19512/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1788-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Cell Line ; Genetic Variation ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/immunology/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    A homolog of the armadillo protein in Drosophila (plakoglobin) associated with E-cadherin (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: Three cytoplasmic proteins, called catenins, bind to the cytoplasmic tail of the epithelial cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. The complementary DNA sequence was determined for the 92-kilodalton beta catenin of Xenopus laevis. The sequence is homologous to mammalian plakoglobin, a protein of desmosomal and zonula adherens cell junctions, and to the plakoglobin homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, the product of the segment polarity gene armadillo. A monoclonal antibody to bovine plakoglobin recognizes the analogous beta catenin in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line. Armadillo plakoglobin may link E-cadherin to the underlying actin cytoskeleton at cell-cell junctions; the E-cadherin-catenin protein complex may also participate in the transmission of developmental information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCrea, P D -- Turck, C W -- Gumbiner, B -- 5-F32-GM-13060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM37432/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1359-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cadherins/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Desmoplakins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; *Trans-Activators ; Xenopus Proteins ; Xenopus laevis ; beta Catenin ; gamma Catenin
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    Dopaminergic and ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-12-13
    Description: The current view of how steroid hormone receptors affect gene transcription is that these receptors, on binding ligand, change to a state in which they can interact with chromatin and regulate transcription of target genes. Receptor activation is believed to be dependent only on this ligand-binding event. Selected steroid hormone receptors can be activated in a ligand-independent manner by a membrane receptor agonist, the neurotransmitter dopamine. In vitro, dopamine faithfully mimicked the effect of progesterone by causing a translocation of chicken progesterone receptor (cPR) from cytoplasm to nucleus. Dual activation by progesterone and dopamine was dissociable, and a serine residue in the cPR was identified that is not necessary for progesterone-dependent activation of cPR, but is essential for dopamine activation of this receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Power, R F -- Mani, S K -- Codina, J -- Conneely, O M -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 13;254(5038):1636-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1749936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology ; Adenylyl Cyclases/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Ergolines/pharmacology ; Ethers, Cyclic/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Okadaic Acid ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Quinpirole ; Receptors, Dopamine/*physiology ; Receptors, Steroid/*physiology ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Enhancement of HIV-1 cytocidal effects in CD4+ lymphocytes by the AIDS-associated mycoplasma (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: Coinfection with Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) enhances the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) to induce cytopathic effects on human T lymphocytes in vitro. Syncytium formation of HIV-infected T cells was essentially eliminated in the presence of M. fermentans (incognitus strain), despite prominent cell death. However, replication and production of HIV-1 particles continued during the coinfection. Furthermore, the supernatant from cultures coinfected with HIV-1 and the mycoplasma contained a factor that inhibited the standard reverse transcriptase enzyme assay. The modification of the biological properties of HIV-1 by coinfection with mycoplasma may be involved in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo, S C -- Tsai, S -- Benish, J R -- Shih, J W -- Wear, D J -- Wong, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1705362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; HIV-1/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mycoplasma/*pathogenicity ; Mycoplasma Infections/*complications ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    Inhibition of HIV replication in acute and chronic infections in vitro by a Tat antagonist (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) trans-activator Tat is an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs because inhibition of Tat would arrest the virus at an early stage. The drug Ro 5-3335 [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(H)-one], inhibited gene expression by HIV-1 at the level of transcriptional trans-activation by Tat. The compound did not inhibit the basal activity of the promoter. Both Tat and its target sequence TAR were required for the observed inhibitory activity. Ro 5-3335 reduced the amount of cell-associated viral RNA and antigen in acutely, as well as in chronically infected cells in vitro (median inhibition concentration 0.1 to 1 micromolar). Effective inhibition of viral replication was also observed 24 hours after cells were transfected with infectious recombinant HIV-1 DNA. The compound was active against both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant clinical isolates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, M C -- Schutt, A D -- Holly, M -- Slice, L W -- Sherman, M I -- Richman, D D -- Potash, M J -- Volsky, D J -- AI 27397/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 29164/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1799-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Gene Products, tat/*antagonists & inhibitors ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat/drug effects ; HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; HIV-2/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects ; Pyrroles/*pharmacology ; Virus Replication/*drug effects ; Zidovudine/pharmacology ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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    Treatment of established renal cancer by tumor cells engineered to secrete interleukin-4 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-01
    Description: The generation of antigen-specific antitumor immunity is the ultimate goal in cancer immunotherapy. When cells from a spontaneously arising murine renal cell tumor were engineered to secrete large doses of interleukin-4 (IL-4) locally, they were rejected in a predominantly T cell-independent manner. However, animals that rejected the IL-4-transfected tumors developed T cell-dependent systemic immunity to the parental tumor. This systemic immunity was tumor-specific and primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells. Established parental tumors could be cured by the systemic immune response generated by injection of the genetically engineered tumors. These results provide a rationale for the use of lymphokine gene-transfected tumor cells as a modality for cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golumbek, P T -- Lazenby, A J -- Levitsky, H I -- Jaffee, L M -- Karasuyama, H -- Baker, M -- Pardoll, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-4/*genetics/secretion ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; *Protein Engineering ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Hemagglutinin receptor binding avidity drives influenza A virus antigenic drift (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: Rapid antigenic evolution in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin precludes effective vaccination with existing vaccines. To understand this phenomenon, we passaged virus in mice immunized with influenza vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies selected mutants with single-amino acid hemagglutinin substitutions that increased virus binding to cell surface glycan receptors. Passaging these high-avidity binding mutants in naive mice, but not immune mice, selected for additional hemagglutinin substitutions that decreased cellular receptor binding avidity. Analyzing a panel of monoclonal antibody hemagglutinin escape mutants revealed a positive correlation between receptor binding avidity and escape from polyclonal antibodies. We propose that in response to variation in neutralizing antibody pressure between individuals, influenza A virus evolves by adjusting receptor binding avidity via amino acid substitutions throughout the hemagglutinin globular domain, many of which simultaneously alter antigenicity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hensley, Scott E -- Das, Suman R -- Bailey, Adam L -- Schmidt, Loren M -- Hickman, Heather D -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Viswanathan, Karthik -- Raman, Rahul -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Bennink, Jack R -- Yewdell, Jonathan W -- GM 57073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI001014-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):734-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1178258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigenic Variation/genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; Mutation ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Serial Passage
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    Biomedical research. Researchers generally happy with final stem cell rules (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):131. doi: 10.1126/science.325_131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Registries ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Pulsatile stimulation determines timing and specificity of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. NF-kappaB activation results in oscillations in nuclear NF-kappaB abundance. To define the function of these oscillations, we treated cells with repeated short pulses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at various intervals to mimic pulsatile inflammatory signals. At all pulse intervals that were analyzed, we observed synchronous cycles of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Lower frequency stimulations gave repeated full-amplitude translocations, whereas higher frequency pulses gave reduced translocation, indicating a failure to reset. Deterministic and stochastic mathematical models predicted how negative feedback loops regulate both the resetting of the system and cellular heterogeneity. Altering the stimulation intervals gave different patterns of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, which supports the idea that oscillation frequency has a functional role.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashall, Louise -- Horton, Caroline A -- Nelson, David E -- Paszek, Pawel -- Harper, Claire V -- Sillitoe, Kate -- Ryan, Sheila -- Spiller, David G -- Unitt, John F -- Broomhead, David S -- Kell, Douglas B -- Rand, David A -- See, Violaine -- White, Michael R H -- BB/C007158/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C008219/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C520471/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/D010748/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E004210/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E012965/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F005938/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0071581/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0082191/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC5204711/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBD0107481/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBF0059381/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346(73596)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):242-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Imaging, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; Transcription Factor RelA/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Biomedical research. A first step in relaxing restrictions on stem cell research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1412-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5920.1412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Reversal of RNA dominance by displacement of protein sequestered on triplet repeat RNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: Genomic expansions of simple tandem repeats can give rise to toxic RNAs that contain expanded repeats. In myotonic dystrophy, the expression of expanded CUG repeats (CUGexp) causes abnormal regulation of alternative splicing and neuromuscular dysfunction. We used a transgenic mouse model to show that derangements of myotonic dystrophy are reversed by a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide, CAG25, that binds to CUGexp RNA and blocks its interaction with muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), a CUGexp-binding protein. CAG25 disperses nuclear foci of CUGexp RNA and reduces the overall burden of this toxic RNA. As MBNL1 is released from sequestration, the defect of alternative splicing regulation is corrected, thereby restoring ion channel function. These findings suggest an alternative use of antisense methods, to inhibit deleterious interactions of proteins with pathogenic RNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheeler, Thurman M -- Sobczak, Krzysztof -- Lueck, John D -- Osborne, Robert J -- Lin, Xiaoyan -- Dirksen, Robert T -- Thornton, Charles A -- AR/NS48143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS064293/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K24 AR048143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NIDCR-T32DE07202/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR049077/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1173110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/*metabolism ; Actins/genetics ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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    Biomedical policy. Draft stem cell guidelines please many, disappoint some (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):446. doi: 10.1126/science.324_446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Mitochondria continuously undergo two opposing processes, fission and fusion. The disruption of this dynamic equilibrium may herald cell injury or death and may contribute to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric oxide functions as a signaling molecule, but in excess it mediates neuronal injury, in part via mitochondrial fission or fragmentation. However, the underlying mechanism for nitric oxide-induced pathological fission remains unclear. We found that nitric oxide produced in response to beta-amyloid protein, thought to be a key mediator of Alzheimer's disease, triggered mitochondrial fission, synaptic loss, and neuronal damage, in part via S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (forming SNO-Drp1). Preventing nitrosylation of Drp1 by cysteine mutation abrogated these neurotoxic events. SNO-Drp1 is increased in brains of human Alzheimer's disease patients and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823371/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823371/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Dong-Hyung -- Nakamura, Tomohiro -- Fang, Jianguo -- Cieplak, Piotr -- Godzik, Adam -- Gu, Zezong -- Lipton, Stuart A -- P01 ES016738/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-010003/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-02/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-020003/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD029587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD029587-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD29587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS057096/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS057096-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005477-25/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY05477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):102-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cysteine/analogs & derivatives/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mitochondria/drug effects/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Neurons/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; S-Nitrosothiols/pharmacology
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    Regulation of neuronal survival factor MEF2D by chaperone-mediated autophagy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Chaperone-mediated autophagy controls the degradation of selective cytosolic proteins and may protect neurons against degeneration. In a neuronal cell line, we found that chaperone-mediated autophagy regulated the activity of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a transcription factor required for neuronal survival. MEF2D was observed to continuously shuttle to the cytoplasm, interact with the chaperone Hsc70, and undergo degradation. Inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy caused accumulation of inactive MEF2D in the cytoplasm. MEF2D levels were increased in the brains of alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and patients with Parkinson's disease. Wild-type alpha-synuclein and a Parkinson's disease-associated mutant disrupted the MEF2D-Hsc70 binding and led to neuronal death. Thus, chaperone-mediated autophagy modulates the neuronal survival machinery, and dysregulation of this pathway is associated with Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Qian -- She, Hua -- Gearing, Marla -- Colla, Emanuela -- Lee, Michael -- Shacka, John J -- Mao, Zixu -- AG023695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS038065/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS048254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS47466/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS57098/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS055077-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG025688/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG025688-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):124-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Autophagy ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; MADS Domain Proteins/*metabolism ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism
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    Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies Letm1 as a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: Mitochondria are integral components of cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling. Calcium stimulates mitochondrial adenosine 5'-triphosphate production, but can also initiate apoptosis. In turn, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations are regulated by mitochondria. Although several transporter and ion-channel mechanisms have been measured in mitochondria, the molecules that govern Ca2+ movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane are unknown. We searched for genes that regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ and H+ concentrations using a genome-wide Drosophila RNA interference (RNAi) screen. The mammalian homolog of one Drosophila gene identified in the screen, Letm1, was found to specifically mediate coupled Ca2+/H+ exchange. RNAi knockdown, overexpression, and liposome reconstitution of the purified Letm1 protein demonstrate that Letm1 is a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067766/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067766/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Dawei -- Zhao, Linlin -- Clapham, David E -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):144-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1175145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building 1309, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiporters/*genetics/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; Genome, Human ; Genome, Insect ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteolipids/metabolism ; *RNA Interference
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    Cell biology. Overcoming opposition, Brazil banks on stem cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leite, Marcelo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):26. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; Bioreactors ; Brazil ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Research Support as Topic
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    The hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous sigma-1 receptor regulator (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-14
    Description: The sigma-1 receptor is widely distributed in the central nervous system and periphery. Originally mischaracterized as an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor binds a vast number of synthetic compounds but does not bind opioid peptides; it is currently considered an orphan receptor. The sigma-1 receptor pharmacophore includes an alkylamine core, also found in the endogenous compound N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). DMT acts as a hallucinogen, but its receptor target has been unclear. DMT bound to sigma-1 receptors and inhibited voltage-gated sodium ion (Na+) channels in both native cardiac myocytes and heterologous cells that express sigma-1 receptors. DMT induced hypermobility in wild-type mice but not in sigma-1 receptor knockout mice. These biochemical, physiological, and behavioral experiments indicate that DMT is an endogenous agonist for the sigma-1 receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947205/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947205/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fontanilla, Dominique -- Johannessen, Molly -- Hajipour, Abdol R -- Cozzi, Nicholas V -- Jackson, Meyer B -- Ruoho, Arnold E -- F31 DA022932/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS30016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065503/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065503-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08688/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):934-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Guinea Pigs ; Hallucinogens/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium/metabolism ; N,N-Dimethyltryptamine/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, sigma/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Tryptamines/metabolism
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    The aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator alters CD30-mediated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: Expression and signaling of CD30, a tumor necrosis factor receptor family member, is up-regulated in numerous lymphoid-derived neoplasias, most notably anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma. To gain insight into the mechanism of CD30 signaling, we used an affinity purification strategy that led to the identification of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) as a CD30-interacting protein that modulated the activity of the RelB subunit of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). ALCL cells that were deficient in ARNT exhibited defects in RelB recruitment to NF-kappaB-responsive promoters, whereas RelA recruitment to the same sites was potentiated, resulting in the augmented expression of these NF-kappaB-responsive genes. These findings indicate that ARNT functions in concert with RelB in a CD30-induced negative feedback mechanism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2682336/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2682336/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Casey W -- Duckett, Colin S -- R01 GM067827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067827-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):251-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1162818.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD30/*metabolism ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NF-kappa B/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelB/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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    The cAMP sensor Epac2 is a direct target of antidiabetic sulfonylurea drugs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Epac2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small guanosine triphosphatase Rap1, is activated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and binding experiments revealed that sulfonylureas, widely used antidiabetic drugs, interact directly with Epac2. Sulfonylureas activated Rap1 specifically through Epac2. Sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced both in vitro and in vivo in mice lacking Epac2, and the glucose-lowering effect of the sulfonylurea tolbutamide was decreased in these mice. Epac2 thus contributes to the effect of sulfonylureas to promote insulin secretion. Because Epac2 is also required for the action of incretins, gut hormones crucial for potentiating insulin secretion, it may be a promising target for antidiabetic drug development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Chang-Liang -- Katoh, Megumi -- Shibasaki, Tadao -- Minami, Kohtaro -- Sunaga, Yasuhiro -- Takahashi, Harumi -- Yokoi, Norihide -- Iwasaki, Masahiro -- Miki, Takashi -- Seino, Susumu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):607-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1172256.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Glyburide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/metabolism/pharmacology ; rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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    RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: Necrosis can be induced by stimulating death receptors with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other agonists; however, the underlying mechanism differentiating necrosis from apoptosis is largely unknown. We identified the protein kinase receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) as a molecular switch between TNF-induced apoptosis and necrosis in NIH 3T3 cells and found that RIP3 was required for necrosis in other cells. RIP3 did not affect RIP1-mediated apoptosis but was required for RIP1-mediated necrosis and the enhancement of necrosis by the caspase inhibitor zVAD. By activating key enzymes of metabolic pathways, RIP3 regulates TNF-induced reactive oxygen species production, which partially accounts for RIP3's ability to promote necrosis. Our data suggest that modulation of energy metabolism in response to death stimuli has an important role in the choice between apoptosis and necrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Duan-Wu -- Shao, Jing -- Lin, Juan -- Zhang, Na -- Lu, Bao-Ju -- Lin, Sheng-Cai -- Dong, Meng-Qiu -- Han, Jiahuai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):332-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172308. Epub 2009 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Energy Metabolism ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism ; Glycogen Phosphorylase/metabolism ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; *Necrosis ; RNA Interference ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
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    Rab35 controls actin bundling by recruiting fascin as an effector protein (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: Actin filaments are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton that provide mechanical structure and generate forces during cell shape changes, growth, and migration. Actin filaments are dynamically assembled into higher-order structures at specified locations to regulate diverse functions. The Rab family of small guanosine triphosphatases is evolutionarily conserved and mediates intracellular vesicle trafficking. We found that Rab35 regulates the assembly of actin filaments during bristle development in Drosophila and filopodia formation in cultured cells. These effects were mediated by the actin-bundling protein fascin, which directly associated with active Rab35. Targeting Rab35 to the outer mitochondrial membrane triggered actin recruitment, demonstrating a role for an intracellular trafficking protein in localized actin assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jun -- Fonovic, Marko -- Suyama, Kaye -- Bogyo, Matthew -- Scott, Matthew P -- U54 RR020843/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1250-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1174921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/growth & development/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Pseudopodia/metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    The insect neuropeptide PTTH activates receptor tyrosine kinase torso to initiate metamorphosis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Holometabolous insects undergo complete metamorphosis to become sexually mature adults. Metamorphosis is initiated by brain-derived prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), which stimulates the production of the molting hormone ecdysone via an incompletely defined signaling pathway. Here we demonstrate that Torso, a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates embryonic terminal cell fate in Drosophila, is the PTTH receptor. Trunk, the embryonic Torso ligand, is related to PTTH, and ectopic expression of PTTH in the embryo partially rescues trunk mutants. In larvae, torso is expressed specifically in the prothoracic gland (PG), and its loss phenocopies the removal of PTTH. The activation of Torso by PTTH stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and the loss of ERK in the PG phenocopies the loss of PTTH and Torso. We conclude that PTTH initiates metamorphosis by activation of the Torso/ERK pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rewitz, Kim F -- Yamanaka, Naoki -- Gilbert, Lawrence I -- O'Connor, Michael B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1403-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bombyx/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Insect Hormones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Larva/growth & development ; Ligands ; *Metamorphosis, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pupa/growth & development ; RNA Interference ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Glioma-derived mutations in IDH1 dominantly inhibit IDH1 catalytic activity and induce HIF-1alpha (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) occur in certain human brain tumors, but their mechanistic role in tumor development is unknown. We have shown that tumor-derived IDH1 mutations impair the enzyme's affinity for its substrate and dominantly inhibit wild-type IDH1 activity through the formation of catalytically inactive heterodimers. Forced expression of mutant IDH1 in cultured cells reduces formation of the enzyme product, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), and increases the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor subunit HIF-1alpha, a transcription factor that facilitates tumor growth when oxygen is low and whose stability is regulated by alpha-KG. The rise in HIF-1alpha levels was reversible by an alpha-KG derivative. HIF-1alpha levels were higher in human gliomas harboring an IDH1 mutation than in tumors without a mutation. Thus, IDH1 appears to function as a tumor suppressor that, when mutationally inactivated, contributes to tumorigenesis in part through induction of the HIF-1 pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251015/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251015/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Shimin -- Lin, Yan -- Xu, Wei -- Jiang, Wenqing -- Zha, Zhengyu -- Wang, Pu -- Yu, Wei -- Li, Zhiqiang -- Gong, Lingling -- Peng, Yingjie -- Ding, Jianping -- Lei, Qunying -- Guan, Kun-Liang -- Xiong, Yue -- R01 CA068377/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA068377-14/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):261-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1170944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Astrocytoma/genetics/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Child ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Glioblastoma/genetics/metabolism ; Glioma/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Oligodendroglioma/genetics/metabolism ; Oxalates/pharmacology ; Protein Multimerization
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    Stem cells. CIRM awards seek to move cell therapies to the clinic (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):780-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326_780a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Adult Stem Cells ; *Biological Therapy ; California ; Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: DNA cytosine methylation is crucial for retrotransposon silencing and mammalian development. In a computational search for enzymes that could modify 5-methylcytosine (5mC), we identified TET proteins as mammalian homologs of the trypanosome proteins JBP1 and JBP2, which have been proposed to oxidize the 5-methyl group of thymine. We show here that TET1, a fusion partner of the MLL gene in acute myeloid leukemia, is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)- and Fe(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) in cultured cells and in vitro. hmC is present in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells, and hmC levels decrease upon RNA interference-mediated depletion of TET1. Thus, TET proteins have potential roles in epigenetic regulation through modification of 5mC to hmC.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715015/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715015/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tahiliani, Mamta -- Koh, Kian Peng -- Shen, Yinghua -- Pastor, William A -- Bandukwala, Hozefa -- Brudno, Yevgeny -- Agarwal, Suneet -- Iyer, Lakshminarayan M -- Liu, David R -- Aravind, L -- Rao, Anjana -- AI44432/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL089150/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065865/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065865-05A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM065865/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):930-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1170116. Epub 2009 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Immune Disease Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Sequence Alignment ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Analysis of Drosophila segmentation network identifies a JNK pathway factor overexpressed in kidney cancer (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: We constructed a large-scale functional network model in Drosophila melanogaster built around two key transcription factors involved in the process of embryonic segmentation. Analysis of the model allowed the identification of a new role for the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex factor SPOP. In Drosophila, the gene encoding SPOP is a target of segmentation transcription factors. Drosophila SPOP mediates degradation of the Jun kinase phosphatase Puckered, thereby inducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Eiger-dependent apoptosis. In humans, we found that SPOP plays a conserved role in TNF-mediated JNK signaling and was highly expressed in 99% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), the most prevalent form of kidney cancer. SPOP expression distinguished histological subtypes of RCC and facilitated identification of clear cell RCC as the primary tumor for metastatic lesions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756524/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756524/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jiang -- Ghanim, Murad -- Xue, Lei -- Brown, Christopher D -- Iossifov, Ivan -- Angeletti, Cesar -- Hua, Sujun -- Negre, Nicolas -- Ludwig, Michael -- Stricker, Thomas -- Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat A -- Tretiakova, Maria -- Camp, Robert L -- Perera-Alberto, Montse -- Rimm, David L -- Xu, Tian -- Rzhetsky, Andrey -- White, Kevin P -- P50 GM081892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM081892-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003012/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003012-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024999/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024999-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1218-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1157669. Epub 2009 Jan 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Compound Eye, Arthropod/embryology/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Janus Kinases/*metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nervous System/embryology ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is required for neuregulin-regulated Schwann cell differentiation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-31
    Description: Schwann cells develop from multipotent neural crest cells and form myelin sheaths around axons that allow rapid transmission of action potentials. Neuregulin signaling through the ErbB receptor regulates Schwann cell development; however, the downstream pathways are not fully defined. We find that mice lacking calcineurin B1 in the neural crest have defects in Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Neuregulin addition to Schwann cell precursors initiates an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, which activates calcineurin and the downstream transcription factors NFATc3 and c4. Purification of NFAT protein complexes shows that Sox10 is an NFAT nuclear partner and synergizes with NFATc4 to activate Krox20, which regulates genes necessary for myelination. Our studies demonstrate that calcineurin and NFAT are essential for neuregulin and ErbB signaling, neural crest diversification, and differentiation of Schwann cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790385/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790385/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kao, Shih-Chu -- Wu, Hai -- Xie, Jianming -- Chang, Ching-Pin -- Ranish, Jeffrey A -- Graef, Isabella A -- Crabtree, Gerald R -- AI60037/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD55391/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS046789/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060037/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060037-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060037-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060037-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060037-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060037-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD055391/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS061702/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS061702-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 30;323(5914):651-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1166562.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Early Growth Response Protein 2/metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Mice ; Myelin Sheath/physiology ; NFATC Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Neural Crest/cytology/metabolism ; Neuregulins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-3 ; SOXE Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Schwann Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Circadian control of the NAD+ salvage pathway by CLOCK-SIRT1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: Many metabolic and physiological processes display circadian oscillations. We have shown that the core circadian regulator, CLOCK, is a histone acetyltransferase whose activity is counterbalanced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1. Here we show that intracellular NAD+ levels cycle with a 24-hour rhythm, an oscillation driven by the circadian clock. CLOCK:BMAL1 regulates the circadian expression of NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase), an enzyme that provides a rate-limiting step in the NAD+ salvage pathway. SIRT1 is recruited to the Nampt promoter and contributes to the circadian synthesis of its own coenzyme. Using the specific inhibitor FK866, we demonstrated that NAMPT is required to modulate circadian gene expression. Our findings in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveal an interlocked transcriptional-enzymatic feedback loop that governs the molecular interplay between cellular metabolism and circadian rhythms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakahata, Yasukazu -- Sahar, Saurabh -- Astarita, Giuseppe -- Kaluzova, Milota -- Sassone-Corsi, Paolo -- R01-GM081634/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):654-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1170803. Epub 2009 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Acrylamides/pharmacology ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Knockout ; NAD/*metabolism ; Niacinamide/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A role for the CHC22 clathrin heavy-chain isoform in human glucose metabolism (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: Intracellular trafficking of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from storage compartments to the plasma membrane is triggered in muscle and fat during the body's response to insulin. Clathrin is involved in intracellular trafficking, and in humans, the clathrin heavy-chain isoform CHC22 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. We found a role for CHC22 in the formation of insulin-responsive GLUT4 compartments in human muscle and adipocytes. CHC22 also associated with expanded GLUT4 compartments in muscle from type 2 diabetic patients. Tissue-specific introduction of CHC22 in mice, which have only a pseudogene for this protein, caused aberrant localization of GLUT4 transport pathway components in their muscle, as well as features of diabetes. Thus, CHC22-dependent membrane trafficking constitutes a species-restricted pathway in human muscle and fat with potential implications for type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilopoulos, Stephane -- Esk, Christopher -- Hoshino, Sachiko -- Funke, Birgit H -- Chen, Chih-Ying -- Plocik, Alex M -- Wright, Woodring E -- Kucherlapati, Raju -- Brodsky, Frances M -- GM038093/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD47863/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038093/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038093-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038093-19S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038093-20A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047863/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047863-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047863-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047863-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047863-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047863-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1192-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1171529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Clathrin Heavy Chains ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4/*metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Myoblasts/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction
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    Two chemoreceptors mediate developmental effects of dauer pheromone in C. elegans (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: Intraspecific chemical communication is mediated by signals called pheromones. Caenorhabditis elegans secretes a mixture of small molecules (collectively termed dauer pheromone) that regulates entry into the alternate dauer larval stage and also modulates adult behavior via as yet unknown receptors. Here, we identify two heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate dauer formation in response to a subset of dauer pheromone components. The SRBC-64 and SRBC-66 GPCRs are members of the large Caenorhabditis-specific SRBC subfamily and are expressed in the ASK chemosensory neurons, which are required for pheromone-induced dauer formation. Expression of both, but not each receptor alone, confers pheromone-mediated effects on heterologous cells. Identification of dauer pheromone receptors will allow a better understanding of the signaling cascades that transduce the context-dependent effects of ecologically important chemical signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448937/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448937/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Kyuhyung -- Sato, Koji -- Shibuya, Mayumi -- Zeiger, Danna M -- Butcher, Rebecca A -- Ragains, Justin R -- Clardy, Jon -- Touhara, Kazushige -- Sengupta, Piali -- F32 GM077943/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS045713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS45713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA024487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA24487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM56223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):994-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1176331. Epub 2009 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chemoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Hexoses/chemistry/physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    Global analysis of short RNAs reveals widespread promoter-proximal stalling and arrest of Pol II in Drosophila (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Emerging evidence indicates that gene expression in higher organisms is regulated by RNA polymerase II stalling during early transcription elongation. To probe the mechanisms responsible for this regulation, we developed methods to isolate and characterize short RNAs derived from stalled RNA polymerase II in Drosophila cells. Significant levels of these short RNAs were generated from more than one-third of all genes, indicating that promoter-proximal stalling is a general feature of early polymerase elongation. Nucleotide composition of the initially transcribed sequence played an important role in promoting transcriptional stalling by rendering polymerase elongation complexes highly susceptible to backtracking and arrest. These results indicate that the intrinsic efficiency of early elongation can greatly affect gene expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435875/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435875/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nechaev, Sergei -- Fargo, David C -- dos Santos, Gilberto -- Liu, Liwen -- Gao, Yuan -- Adelman, Karen -- ZIA ES101987-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):335-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1181421. Epub 2009 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Cell Line ; Drosophila melanogaster ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Genome, Insect ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Caps/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Common regulatory variation impacts gene expression in a cell type-dependent manner (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Studies correlating genetic variation to gene expression facilitate the interpretation of common human phenotypes and disease. As functional variants may be operating in a tissue-dependent manner, we performed gene expression profiling and association with genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on three cell types of 75 individuals. We detected cell type-specific genetic effects, with 69 to 80% of regulatory variants operating in a cell type-specific manner, and identified multiple expressive quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) per gene, unique or shared among cell types and positively correlated with the number of transcripts per gene. Cell type-specific eQTLs were found at larger distances from genes and at lower effect size, similar to known enhancers. These data suggest that the complete regulatory variant repertoire can only be uncovered in the context of cell-type specificity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2867218/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2867218/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dimas, Antigone S -- Deutsch, Samuel -- Stranger, Barbara E -- Montgomery, Stephen B -- Borel, Christelle -- Attar-Cohen, Homa -- Ingle, Catherine -- Beazley, Claude -- Gutierrez Arcelus, Maria -- Sekowska, Magdalena -- Gagnebin, Marilyne -- Nisbett, James -- Deloukas, Panos -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- 077011/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077046/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1246-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174148. Epub 2009 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1HH, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allelic Imbalance ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Line ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; T-Lymphocytes
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    Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha signaling by the stress-responsive deacetylase sirtuin 1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: To survive in hostile environments, organisms activate stress-responsive transcriptional regulators that coordinately increase production of protective factors. Hypoxia changes cellular metabolism and thus activates redox-sensitive as well as oxygen-dependent signal transducers. We demonstrate that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a redox-sensing deacetylase, selectively stimulates activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2alpha) during hypoxia. The effect of Sirt1 on HIF-2alpha required direct interaction of the proteins and intact deacetylase activity of Sirt1. Select lysine residues in HIF-2alpha that are acetylated during hypoxia confer repression of Sirt1 augmentation by small-molecule inhibitors. In cultured cells and mice, decreasing or increasing Sirt1 activity or levels affected expression of the HIF-2alpha target gene erythropoietin accordingly. Thus, Sirt1 promotes HIF-2 signaling during hypoxia and likely other environmental stresses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dioum, Elhadji M -- Chen, Rui -- Alexander, Matthew S -- Zhang, Quiyang -- Hogg, Richard T -- Gerard, Robert D -- Garcia, Joseph A -- I01 BX000446/BX/BLRD VA/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1289-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1169956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Department of Medicine, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Erythropoietin/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of DNA repair by the chromatin remodeling enzyme ALC1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Posttranslational modifications play key roles in regulating chromatin plasticity. Although various chromatin-remodeling enzymes have been described that respond to specific histone modifications, little is known about the role of poly[adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] in chromatin remodeling. Here, we identify a chromatin-remodeling enzyme, ALC1 (Amplified in Liver Cancer 1, also known as CHD1L), that interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) and catalyzes PARP1-stimulated nucleosome sliding. Our results define ALC1 as a DNA damage-response protein whose role in this process is sustained by its association with known DNA repair factors and its rapid poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment to DNA damage sites. Furthermore, we show that depletion or overexpression of ALC1 results in sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which poly(ADP-ribose) regulates DNA repair.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahel, Dragana -- Horejsi, Zuzana -- Wiechens, Nicola -- Polo, Sophie E -- Garcia-Wilson, Elisa -- Ahel, Ivan -- Flynn, Helen -- Skehel, Mark -- West, Stephen C -- Jackson, Stephen P -- Owen-Hughes, Tom -- Boulton, Simon J -- 064414/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 11224/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A3549/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A5290/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177321. Epub 2009 Aug 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall, London Research Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Immunoprecipitation ; Kinetics ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Phleomycins/pharmacology ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Ankyrin-G promotes cyclic nucleotide-gated channel transport to rod photoreceptor sensory cilia (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels localize exclusively to the plasma membrane of photosensitive outer segments of rod photoreceptors where they generate the electrical response to light. Here, we report the finding that targeting of CNG channels to the rod outer segment required their interaction with ankyrin-G. Ankyrin-G localized exclusively to rod outer segments, coimmunoprecipitated with the CNG channel, and bound to the C-terminal domain of the channel beta1 subunit. Ankyrin-G depletion in neonatal mouse retinas markedly reduced CNG channel expression. Transgenic expression of CNG channel beta-subunit mutants in Xenopus rods showed that ankyrin-G binding was necessary and sufficient for targeting of the beta1 subunit to outer segments. Thus, ankyrin-G is required for transport of CNG channels to the plasma membrane of rod outer segments.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kizhatil, Krishnakumar -- Baker, Sheila A -- Arshavsky, Vadim Y -- Bennett, Vann -- EY12859/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY005722/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY005722-23/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY012859/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY012859-10/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1614-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1169789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Ankyrins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Generation of functional ventricular heart muscle from mouse ventricular progenitor cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: The mammalian heart is formed from distinct sets of first and second heart field (FHF and SHF, respectively) progenitors. Although multipotent progenitors have previously been shown to give rise to cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells, the mechanism governing the generation of large numbers of differentiated progeny remains poorly understood. We have employed a two-colored fluorescent reporter system to isolate FHF and SHF progenitors from developing mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells. Genome-wide profiling of coding and noncoding transcripts revealed distinct molecular signatures of these progenitor populations. We further identify a committed ventricular progenitor cell in the Islet 1 lineage that is capable of limited in vitro expansion, differentiation, and assembly into functional ventricular muscle tissue, representing a combination of tissue engineering and stem cell biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895998/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895998/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Domian, Ibrahim J -- Chiravuri, Murali -- van der Meer, Peter -- Feinberg, Adam W -- Shi, Xi -- Shao, Ying -- Wu, Sean M -- Parker, Kevin Kit -- Chien, Kenneth R -- K08 HL081086/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL081086-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL091209/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079126/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079126-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL002807/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):426-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1177350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charles River Plaza, CPZN 3200, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114-2790, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression ; Heart/embryology ; Heart Ventricles/*cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Development ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Tissue Engineering ; *Ventricular Function
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    RSY-1 is a local inhibitor of presynaptic assembly in C. elegans (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: As fundamental units of neuronal communication, chemical synapses are composed of presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations that form at specific locations with defined shape and size. Synaptic assembly must be tightly regulated to prevent overgrowth of the synapse size and number, but the molecular mechanisms that inhibit synapse assembly are poorly understood. We identified regulator of synaptogenesis-1 (RSY-1) as an evolutionarily conserved molecule that locally antagonized presynaptic assembly. The loss of RSY-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans led to formation of extra synapses and recruitment of excessive synaptic material to presynaptic sites. RSY-1 directly interacted with and negatively regulated SYD-2/liprin-alpha, a master assembly molecule that recruits numerous synaptic components to presynaptic sites. RSY-1 also bound and regulated SYD-1, a synaptic protein required for proper functioning of SYD-2. Thus, local inhibitory mechanisms govern synapse formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087376/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087376/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patel, Maulik R -- Shen, Kang -- 1R01NS048392/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048392/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048392-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1500-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1169025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, 385 Serra Mall, Herrin Labs, Room 144, Stanford University, Stanford,CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mammalian expression of infrared fluorescent proteins engineered from a bacterial phytochrome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Visibly fluorescent proteins (FPs) from jellyfish and corals have revolutionized many areas of molecular and cell biology, but the use of FPs in intact animals, such as mice, has been handicapped by poor penetration of excitation light. We now show that a bacteriophytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans, incorporating biliverdin as the chromophore, can be engineered into monomeric, infrared-fluorescent proteins (IFPs), with excitation and emission maxima of 684 and 708 nm, respectively; extinction coefficient 〉90,000 M(-1) cm(-1); and quantum yield of 0.07. IFPs express well in mammalian cells and mice and spontaneously incorporate biliverdin, which is ubiquitous as the initial intermediate in heme catabolism but has negligible fluorescence by itself. Because their wavelengths penetrate tissue well, IFPs are suitable for whole-body imaging. The IFPs developed here provide a scaffold for further engineering.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763207/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763207/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shu, Xiaokun -- Royant, Antoine -- Lin, Michael Z -- Aguilera, Todd A -- Lev-Ram, Varda -- Steinbach, Paul A -- Tsien, Roger Y -- R01 CA158448/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086197-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS027177/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):804-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1168683.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biliverdine/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Deinococcus/*chemistry ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Liver/anatomy & histology ; *Luminescent Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phytochrome/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Whole Body Imaging
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    Apicomplexan parasites co-opt host calpains to facilitate their escape from infected cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii (the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively), are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. These pathogenic protozoa replicate within an intracellular vacuole inside of infected host cells, from which they must escape to initiate a new lytic cycle. By integrating cell biological, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, we provide evidence that both Plasmodium and Toxoplasma hijack host cell calpain proteases to facilitate parasite egress. Immunodepletion or inhibition of calpain-1 in hypotonically lysed and resealed erythrocytes prevented the escape of P. falciparum parasites, which was restored by adding purified calpain-1. Similarly, efficient egress of T. gondii from mammalian fibroblasts was blocked by either small interfering RNA-mediated suppression or genetic deletion of calpain activity and could be restored by genetic complementation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3391539/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3391539/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandramohanadas, Rajesh -- Davis, Paul H -- Beiting, Daniel P -- Harbut, Michael B -- Darling, Claire -- Velmourougane, Geetha -- Lee, Ming Yeh -- Greer, Peter A -- Roos, David S -- Greenbaum, Doron C -- F32 AI075846/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI075846-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI077268/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI077268-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI028724/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI028724-17/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008076/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008076-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):794-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1171085. Epub 2009 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calpain/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology ; Fibroblasts/parasitology ; Humans ; Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Merozoites/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity/physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Schizonts/physiology ; Toxoplasma/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity/physiology
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    Jmjd6 catalyses lysyl-hydroxylation of U2AF65, a protein associated with RNA splicing (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: The finding that the metazoan hypoxic response is regulated by oxygen-dependent posttranslational hydroxylations, which regulate the activity and lifetime of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), has raised the question of whether other hydroxylases are involved in the regulation of gene expression. We reveal that the splicing factor U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 65-kilodalton subunit (U2AF65) undergoes posttranslational lysyl-5-hydroxylation catalyzed by the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase Jumonji domain-6 protein (Jmjd6). Jmjd6 is a nuclear protein that has an important role in vertebrate development and is a human homolog of the HIF asparaginyl-hydroxylase. Jmjd6 is shown to change alternative RNA splicing of some, but not all, of the endogenous and reporter genes, supporting a specific role for Jmjd6 in the regulation of RNA splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webby, Celia J -- Wolf, Alexander -- Gromak, Natalia -- Dreger, Mathias -- Kramer, Holger -- Kessler, Benedikt -- Nielsen, Michael L -- Schmitz, Corinna -- Butler, Danica S -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Delahunty, Claire M -- Hahn, Phillip -- Lengeling, Andreas -- Mann, Matthias -- Proudfoot, Nicholas J -- Schofield, Christopher J -- Bottger, Angelika -- 084655/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G9826944/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):90-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1175865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemistry Research Laboratory and Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxon OX1 3TA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Biocatalysis ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Liquid ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Lysine/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tropomyosin/genetics
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    The nuclear DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is present in Purkinje neurons and the brain (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Despite the importance of epigenetic regulation in neurological disorders, little is known about neuronal chromatin. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons have large and euchromatic nuclei, whereas granule cell nuclei are small and have a more typical heterochromatin distribution. While comparing the abundance of 5-methylcytosine in Purkinje and granule cell nuclei, we detected the presence of an unusual DNA nucleotide. Using thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we identified the nucleotide as 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (hmdC). hmdC constitutes 0.6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells, 0.2% in granule cells, and is not present in cancer cell lines. hmdC is a constituent of nuclear DNA that is highly abundant in the brain, suggesting a role in epigenetic control of neuronal function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263819/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263819/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kriaucionis, Skirmantas -- Heintz, Nathaniel -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):929-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1169786. Epub 2009 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*chemistry/cytology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis ; DNA/*chemistry ; DNA Damage ; Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Purkinje Cells/*chemistry
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