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  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • 2010-2014  (2.289)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2011  (2.289)
  • 1
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    Food-safety sentinels (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cassiday, Laura -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):857-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21222299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Food Contamination/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Food Industry/manpower/methods/standards ; *Food Safety/methods ; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence/manpower/standards/statistics & ; numerical data ; *Sentinel Surveillance ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Synthesis of macrocyclic natural products by catalyst-controlled stereoselective ring-closing metathesis (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-05
    Beschreibung: Many natural products contain a C = C double bond through which various other derivatives can be prepared; the stereochemical identity of the alkene can be critical to the biological activities of such molecules. Catalytic ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is a widely used method for the synthesis of large unsaturated rings; however, cyclizations often proceed without control of alkene stereochemistry. This shortcoming is particularly costly when the cyclization reaction is performed after a long sequence of other chemical transformations. Here we outline a reliable, practical and general approach for the efficient and highly stereoselective synthesis of macrocyclic alkenes by catalytic RCM; transformations deliver up to 97% of the Z isomer owing to control induced by a tungsten-based alkylidene. Utility is demonstrated through the stereoselective preparation of epothilone C (refs 3-5) and nakadomarin A (ref. 6), the previously reported syntheses of which have been marred by late-stage, non-selective RCM. The tungsten alkylidene can be manipulated in air, delivering the products in useful yields with high stereoselectivity. As a result of efficient RCM and re-incorporation of side products into the catalytic cycle with minimal alkene isomerization, desired cyclizations proceed in preference to alternative pathways, even under relatively high substrate concentration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3211109/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3211109/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Miao -- Wang, Chenbo -- Kyle, Andrew F -- Jakubec, Pavol -- Dixon, Darren J -- Schrock, Richard R -- Hoveyda, Amir H -- GM-59426/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059426/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059426-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 2;479(7371):88-93. doi: 10.1038/nature10563.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alkanes/chemistry ; Alkenes/chemistry ; Biological Products/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Carbolines/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic/*methods ; Cyclization ; Epothilones/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Anthropology: follow field primatologists (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nekaris, K Anne-Isola -- Nijman, Vincent -- Godfrey, Laurie R -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):448. doi: 10.1038/471448c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anthropology/*methods ; Culture ; Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Studies ; *Primates/physiology/psychology ; Tool Use Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Telomere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-11
    Beschreibung: Telomere dysfunction activates p53-mediated cellular growth arrest, senescence and apoptosis to drive progressive atrophy and functional decline in high-turnover tissues. The broader adverse impact of telomere dysfunction across many tissues including more quiescent systems prompted transcriptomic network analyses to identify common mechanisms operative in haematopoietic stem cells, heart and liver. These unbiased studies revealed profound repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha and beta (PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta, also known as Ppargc1a and Ppargc1b, respectively) and the downstream network in mice null for either telomerase reverse transcriptase (Tert) or telomerase RNA component (Terc) genes. Consistent with PGCs as master regulators of mitochondrial physiology and metabolism, telomere dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreased gluconeogenesis, cardiomyopathy, and increased reactive oxygen species. In the setting of telomere dysfunction, enforced Tert or PGC-1alpha expression or germline deletion of p53 (also known as Trp53) substantially restores PGC network expression, mitochondrial respiration, cardiac function and gluconeogenesis. We demonstrate that telomere dysfunction activates p53 which in turn binds and represses PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta promoters, thereby forging a direct link between telomere and mitochondrial biology. We propose that this telomere-p53-PGC axis contributes to organ and metabolic failure and to diminishing organismal fitness in the setting of telomere dysfunction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3741661/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3741661/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sahin, Ergun -- Colla, Simona -- Liesa, Marc -- Moslehi, Javid -- Muller, Florian L -- Guo, Mira -- Cooper, Marcus -- Kotton, Darrell -- Fabian, Attila J -- Walkey, Carl -- Maser, Richard S -- Tonon, Giovanni -- Foerster, Friedrich -- Xiong, Robert -- Wang, Y Alan -- Shukla, Sachet A -- Jaskelioff, Mariela -- Martin, Eric S -- Heffernan, Timothy P -- Protopopov, Alexei -- Ivanova, Elena -- Mahoney, John E -- Kost-Alimova, Maria -- Perry, Samuel R -- Bronson, Roderick -- Liao, Ronglih -- Mulligan, Richard -- Shirihai, Orian S -- Chin, Lynda -- DePinho, Ronald A -- P30 DK046200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK079638/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA084628/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK035914/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056690/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063356/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK089185/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U24 DK-59635/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):359-65. doi: 10.1038/nature09787. Epub 2011 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis ; Aging/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Gluconeogenesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Liver/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/*pathology ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; RNA/genetics ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Telomerase/deficiency/genetics ; Telomere/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 5
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    An early Ediacaran assemblage of macroscopic and morphologically differentiated eukaryotes (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-19
    Beschreibung: The deep-water Avalon biota (about 579 to 565 million years old) is often regarded as the earliest-known fossil assemblage with macroscopic and morphologically complex life forms. It has been proposed that the rise of the Avalon biota was triggered by the oxygenation of mid-Ediacaran deep oceans. Here we report a diverse assemblage of morphologically differentiated benthic macrofossils that were preserved largely in situ as carbonaceous compressions in black shales of the Ediacaran Lantian Formation (southern Anhui Province, South China). The Lantian biota, probably older than and taxonomically distinct from the Avalon biota, suggests that morphological diversification of macroscopic eukaryotes may have occurred in the early Ediacaran Period, perhaps shortly after the Marinoan glaciation, and that the redox history of Ediacaran oceans was more complex than previously thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Xunlai -- Chen, Zhe -- Xiao, Shuhai -- Zhou, Chuanming -- Hua, Hong -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):390-3. doi: 10.1038/nature09810.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. xlyuan@nigpas.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; *Biota ; *Body Size ; China ; Eukaryota/*classification/cytology/isolation & purification ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; History, Ancient ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; Uncertainty
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 6
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    SHARPIN is a component of the NF-kappaB-activating linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-02
    Beschreibung: Cpdm (chronic proliferative dermatitis) mice develop chronic dermatitis and an immunodeficiency with increased serum IgM, symptoms that resemble those of patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome and hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XHM-ED), which is caused by mutations in NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator; also known as IKBKG). Spontaneous null mutations in the Sharpin (SHANK-associated RH domain interacting protein in postsynaptic density) gene are responsible for the cpdm phenotype in mice. SHARPIN shows significant similarity to HOIL-1L (also known as RBCK1), a component of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which induces NF-kappaB activation through conjugation of linear polyubiquitin chains to NEMO. Here, we identify SHARPIN as an additional component of LUBAC. SHARPIN-containing complexes can linearly ubiquitinate NEMO and activated NF-kappaB. Thus, we re-define LUBAC as a complex containing SHARPIN, HOIL-1L, and HOIP (also known as RNF31). Deletion of SHARPIN drastically reduced the amount of LUBAC, which resulted in attenuated TNF-alpha- and CD40-mediated activation of NF-kappaB in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or B cells from cpdm mice. Considering the pleomorphic phenotype of cpdm mice, these results confirm the predicted role of LUBAC-mediated linear polyubiquitination in NF-kappaB activation induced by various stimuli, and strongly suggest the involvement of LUBAC-induced NF-kappaB activation in various disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tokunaga, Fuminori -- Nakagawa, Tomoko -- Nakahara, Masaki -- Saeki, Yasushi -- Taniguchi, Masami -- Sakata, Shin-ichi -- Tanaka, Keiji -- Nakano, Hiroyasu -- Iwai, Kazuhiro -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 31;471(7340):633-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09815.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21455180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; CD40 Ligand/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Structural basis of steroid hormone perception by the receptor kinase BRI1 (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-15
    Beschreibung: Polyhydroxylated steroids are regulators of body shape and size in higher organisms. In metazoans, intracellular receptors recognize these molecules. Plants, however, perceive steroids at membranes, using the membrane-integral receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). Here we report the structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana BRI1 ligand-binding domain, determined by X-ray diffraction at 2.5 A resolution. We find a superhelix of 25 twisted leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), an architecture that is strikingly different from the assembly of LRRs in animal Toll-like receptors. A 70-amino-acid island domain between LRRs 21 and 22 folds back into the interior of the superhelix to create a surface pocket for binding the plant hormone brassinolide. Known loss- and gain-of-function mutations map closely to the hormone-binding site. We propose that steroid binding to BRI1 generates a docking platform for a co-receptor that is required for receptor activation. Our findings provide insight into the activation mechanism of this highly expanded family of plant receptors that have essential roles in hormone, developmental and innate immunity signalling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280218/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280218/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hothorn, Michael -- Belkhadir, Youssef -- Dreux, Marlene -- Dabi, Tsegaye -- Noel, Joseph P -- Wilson, Ian A -- Chory, Joanne -- AI042266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042266-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI042266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 12;474(7352):467-71. doi: 10.1038/nature10153.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Brassinosteroids ; Cholestanols/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Growth Regulators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Structure of the spliceosomal U4 snRNP core domain and its implication for snRNP biogenesis (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-26
    Beschreibung: The spliceosome is a dynamic macromolecular machine that assembles on pre-messenger RNA substrates and catalyses the excision of non-coding intervening sequences (introns). Four of the five major components of the spliceosome, U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), contain seven Sm proteins (SmB/B', SmD1, SmD2, SmD3, SmE, SmF and SmG) in common. Following export of the U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs to the cytoplasm, the seven Sm proteins, chaperoned by the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex, assemble around a single-stranded, U-rich sequence called the Sm site in each small nuclear RNA (snRNA), to form the core domain of the respective snRNP particle. Core domain formation is a prerequisite for re-import into the nucleus, where these snRNPs mature via addition of their particle-specific proteins. Here we present a crystal structure of the U4 snRNP core domain at 3.6 A resolution, detailing how the Sm site heptad (AUUUUUG) binds inside the central hole of the heptameric ring of Sm proteins, interacting one-to-one with SmE-SmG-SmD3-SmB-SmD1-SmD2-SmF. An irregular backbone conformation of the Sm site sequence combined with the asymmetric structure of the heteromeric protein ring allows each base to interact in a distinct manner with four key residues at equivalent positions in the L3 and L5 loops of the Sm fold. A comparison of this structure with the U1 snRNP at 5.5 A resolution reveals snRNA-dependent structural changes outside the Sm fold, which may facilitate the binding of particle-specific proteins that are crucial to biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3103711/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3103711/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leung, Adelaine K W -- Nagai, Kiyoshi -- Li, Jade -- MC_U105184330/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.04.016(78933)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):536-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09956. Epub 2011 Apr 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21516107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/chemistry ; Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/*biosynthesis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 9
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    High-temperature superconductivity: The secret of the hourglass (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaanen, Jan -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 17;471(7338):314-6. doi: 10.1038/471314a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 10
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    Microbial sequences benefit health now (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartwright, Edward J P -- Koser, Claudio U -- Peacock, Sharon J -- G1000803/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 31;471(7340):578. doi: 10.1038/471578d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21455159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology/virology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Genome, Bacterial/*genetics ; Genome, Viral/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology/methods/*trends ; *Public Health
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 11
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    Plutonium plans in limbo (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartlidge, Edwin -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 8;476(7359):140. doi: 10.1038/476140a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 12
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    Astrophysics: Shedding light on the fabric of space-time (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;478(7370):466-7. doi: 10.1038/478466a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A new eye on biodiversity (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 2;474(7349):13-4. doi: 10.1038/474013a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Aircraft ; *Biodiversity ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/*instrumentation ; Sunlight ; Trees/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tropical Climate
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    Deep winds beneath Saturn's upper clouds from a seasonal long-lived planetary-scale storm (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-08
    Beschreibung: Convective storms occur regularly in Saturn's atmosphere. Huge storms known as Great White Spots, which are ten times larger than the regular storms, are rarer and occur about once per Saturnian year (29.5 Earth years). Current models propose that the outbreak of a Great White Spot is due to moist convection induced by water. However, the generation of the global disturbance and its effect on Saturn's permanent winds have hitherto been unconstrained by data, because there was insufficient spatial resolution and temporal sampling to infer the dynamics of Saturn's weather layer (the layer in the troposphere where the cloud forms). Theoretically, it has been suggested that this phenomenon is seasonally controlled. Here we report observations of a storm at northern latitudes in the peak of a weak westward jet during the beginning of northern springtime, in accord with the seasonal cycle but earlier than expected. The storm head moved faster than the jet, was active during the two-month observation period, and triggered a planetary-scale disturbance that circled Saturn but did not significantly alter the ambient zonal winds. Numerical simulations of the phenomenon show that, as on Jupiter, Saturn's winds extend without decay deep down into the weather layer, at least to the water-cloud base at pressures of 10-12 bar, which is much deeper than solar radiation penetrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez-Lavega, A -- del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T -- Hueso, R -- Gomez-Forrellad, J M -- Sanz-Requena, J F -- Legarreta, J -- Garcia-Melendo, E -- Colas, F -- Lecacheux, J -- Fletcher, L N -- Barrado-Navascues, D -- Parker, D -- International Outer Planet Watch Team -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 6;475(7354):71-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain. agustin.sanchez@ehu.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    A Polycomb-based switch underlying quantitative epigenetic memory (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-26
    Beschreibung: The conserved Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) generates trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a modification associated with stable epigenetic silencing. Much is known about PRC2-induced silencing but key questions remain concerning its nucleation and stability. Vernalization, the perception and memory of winter in plants, is a classic epigenetic process that, in Arabidopsis, involves PRC2-based silencing of the floral repressor FLC. The slow dynamics of vernalization, taking place over weeks in the cold, generate a level of stable silencing of FLC in the subsequent warm that depends quantitatively on the length of the prior cold. These features make vernalization an ideal experimental system to investigate both the maintenance of epigenetic states and the switching between them. Here, using mathematical modelling, chromatin immunoprecipitation and an FLC:GUS reporter assay, we show that the quantitative nature of vernalization is generated by H3K27me3-mediated FLC silencing in the warm in a subpopulation of cells whose number depends on the length of the prior cold. During the cold, H3K27me3 levels progressively increase at a tightly localized nucleation region within FLC. At the end of the cold, numerical simulations predict that such a nucleation region is capable of switching the bistable epigenetic state of an individual locus, with the probability of overall FLC coverage by silencing H3K27me3 marks depending on the length of cold exposure. Thus, the model predicts a bistable pattern of FLC gene expression in individual cells, a prediction we verify using the FLC:GUS reporter system. Our proposed switching mechanism, involving the local nucleation of an opposing histone modification, is likely to be widely relevant in epigenetic reprogramming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angel, Andrew -- Song, Jie -- Dean, Caroline -- Howard, Martin -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 24;476(7358):105-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21785438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis/*genetics/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics ; Methylation ; Models, Genetic ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasons ; Temperature
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  • 16
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    Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6 million years (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-05
    Beschreibung: The role of African savannahs in the evolution of early hominins has been debated for nearly a century. Resolution of this issue has been hindered by difficulty in quantifying the fraction of woody cover in the fossil record. Here we show that the fraction of woody cover in tropical ecosystems can be quantified using stable carbon isotopes in soils. Furthermore, we use fossil soils from hominin sites in the Awash and Omo-Turkana basins in eastern Africa to reconstruct the fraction of woody cover since the Late Miocene epoch (about 7 million years ago). (13)C/(12)C ratio data from 1,300 palaeosols at or adjacent to hominin sites dating to at least 6 million years ago show that woody cover was predominantly less than approximately 40% at most sites. These data point to the prevalence of open environments at the majority of hominin fossil sites in eastern Africa over the past 6 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerling, Thure E -- Wynn, Jonathan G -- Andanje, Samuel A -- Bird, Michael I -- Korir, David Kimutai -- Levin, Naomi E -- Mace, William -- Macharia, Anthony N -- Quade, Jay -- Remien, Christopher H -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):51-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. thure.cerling@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa, Eastern ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Calibration ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Gait/physiology ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Paleontology ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Soil/chemistry ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Wilderness ; Wood
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  • 17
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    Induction of functional hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts by defined factors (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-13
    Beschreibung: The generation of functional hepatocytes independent of donor liver organs is of great therapeutic interest with regard to regenerative medicine and possible cures for liver disease. Induced hepatic differentiation has been achieved previously using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Particularly, hepatocytes generated from a patient's own induced pluripotent stem cells could theoretically avoid immunological rejection. However, the induction of hepatocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells is a complicated process that would probably be replaced with the arrival of improved technology. Overexpression of lineage-specific transcription factors directly converts terminally differentiated cells into some other lineages, including neurons, cardiomyocytes and blood progenitors; however, it remains unclear whether these lineage-converted cells could repair damaged tissues in vivo. Here we demonstrate the direct induction of functional hepatocyte-like (iHep) cells from mouse tail-tip fibroblasts by transduction of Gata4, Hnf1alpha and Foxa3, and inactivation of p19(Arf). iHep cells show typical epithelial morphology, express hepatic genes and acquire hepatocyte functions. Notably, transplanted iHep cells repopulate the livers of fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase-deficient (Fah(-/-)) mice and rescue almost half of recipients from death by restoring liver functions. Our study provides a novel strategy to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells for the purpose of liver engineering and regenerative medicine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Pengyu -- He, Zhiying -- Ji, Shuyi -- Sun, Huawang -- Xiang, Dao -- Liu, Changcheng -- Hu, Yiping -- Wang, Xin -- Hui, Lijian -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 11;475(7356):386-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy for Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031 Shanghai, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21562492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/deficiency/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/*metabolism ; GATA4 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha/genetics/metabolism ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-gamma/genetics/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*cytology/*metabolism/physiology/transplantation ; Hydrolases/deficiency/genetics ; Liver/cytology/enzymology/physiology/physiopathology ; Liver Diseases/enzymology/pathology/physiopathology/therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Regenerative Medicine/methods ; Survival Rate ; Tail/cytology ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Earth science: Lithosphere today (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zandt, George -- Reiners, Peter -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):420-1. doi: 10.1038/472420a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Prion propagation and toxicity in vivo occur in two distinct mechanistic phases (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-26
    Beschreibung: Mammalian prions cause fatal neurodegenerative conditions including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in animals. Prion infections are typically associated with remarkably prolonged but highly consistent incubation periods followed by a rapid clinical phase. The relationship between prion propagation, generation of neurotoxic species and clinical onset has remained obscure. Prion incubation periods in experimental animals are known to vary inversely with expression level of cellular prion protein. Here we demonstrate that prion propagation in brain proceeds via two distinct phases: a clinically silent exponential phase not rate-limited by prion protein concentration which rapidly reaches a maximal prion titre, followed by a distinct switch to a plateau phase. The latter determines time to clinical onset in a manner inversely proportional to prion protein concentration. These findings demonstrate an uncoupling of infectivity and toxicity. We suggest that prions themselves are not neurotoxic but catalyse the formation of such species from PrP(C). Production of neurotoxic species is triggered when prion propagation saturates, leading to a switch from autocatalytic production of infectivity (phase 1) to a toxic (phase 2) pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandberg, Malin K -- Al-Doujaily, Huda -- Sharps, Bernadette -- Clarke, Anthony R -- Collinge, John -- MC_U123160656/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U123192748/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 24;470(7335):540-2. doi: 10.1038/nature09768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Biological Assay ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; PrPC Proteins/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; PrPSc Proteins/biosynthesis/*metabolism/*pathogenicity/toxicity ; Prion Diseases/*metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology/transmission ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests
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    Human oocytes reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-08
    Beschreibung: The exchange of the oocyte's genome with the genome of a somatic cell, followed by the derivation of pluripotent stem cells, could enable the generation of specific cells affected in degenerative human diseases. Such cells, carrying the patient's genome, might be useful for cell replacement. Here we report that the development of human oocytes after genome exchange arrests at late cleavage stages in association with transcriptional abnormalities. In contrast, if the oocyte genome is not removed and the somatic cell genome is merely added, the resultant triploid cells develop to the blastocyst stage. Stem cell lines derived from these blastocysts differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers, and a pluripotent gene expression program is established on the genome derived from the somatic cell. This result demonstrates the feasibility of reprogramming human cells using oocytes and identifies removal of the oocyte genome as the primary cause of developmental failure after genome exchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noggle, Scott -- Fung, Ho-Lim -- Gore, Athurva -- Martinez, Hector -- Satriani, Kathleen Crumm -- Prosser, Robert -- Oum, Kiboong -- Paull, Daniel -- Druckenmiller, Sarah -- Freeby, Matthew -- Greenberg, Ellen -- Zhang, Kun -- Goland, Robin -- Sauer, Mark V -- Leibel, Rudolph L -- Egli, Dieter -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7367):70-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Blastocyst/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ Layers/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Oocyte Donation ; Oocytes/*cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Primary Cell Culture ; Transcription, Genetic ; Triploidy ; Young Adult
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  • 21
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    Lowland-upland migration of sauropod dinosaurs during the Late Jurassic epoch (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-28
    Beschreibung: Sauropod dinosaurs were the largest vertebrates ever to walk the Earth, and as mega-herbivores they were important parts of terrestrial ecosystems. In the Late Jurassic-aged Morrison depositional basin of western North America, these animals occupied lowland river-floodplain settings characterized by a seasonally dry climate. Massive herbivores with high nutritional and water needs could periodically experience nutritional and water stress under these conditions, and thus the common occurrence of sauropods in this basin has remained a paradox. Energetic arguments and mammalian analogues have been used to suggest that migration allowed sauropods access to food and water resources over a wide region or during times of drought or both, but there has been no direct support for these hypotheses. Here we compare oxygen isotope ratios (delta(18)O) of tooth-enamel carbonate from the sauropod Camarasaurus with those of ancient soil, lake and wetland (that is, 'authigenic') carbonates that formed in lowland settings. We demonstrate that certain populations of these animals did in fact undertake seasonal migrations of several hundred kilometres from lowland to upland environments. This ability to describe patterns of sauropod movement will help to elucidate the role that migration played in the ecology and evolution of gigantism of these and associated dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fricke, Henry C -- Hencecroth, Justin -- Hoerner, Marie E -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;480(7378):513-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, USA. hfricke@coloradocollege.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Dental Enamel/chemistry ; Dinosaurs/*physiology ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Seasons ; Soil/analysis
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  • 22
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    Stem cells: iPS cells under attack (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Apostolou, Effie -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):165-6. doi: 10.1038/474165a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics/immunology ; Graft Rejection/*genetics/*immunology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*immunology/metabolism/*transplantation ; Mice ; Teratoma/genetics/immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous/immunology ; Transplantation, Isogeneic/immunology ; Up-Regulation/genetics/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The rise of people power (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chafe, Roger -- Born, Karen B -- Slutsky, Arthur S -- Laupacis, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):410-1. doi: 10.1038/472410a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3V6, Canada. roger.chafe@med.mun.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Canada/epidemiology ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/trends ; Evidence-Based Medicine/methods/standards ; Health Education/methods/standards ; Humans ; Internet/*utilization ; Multiple Sclerosis/*complications/epidemiology/surgery/*therapy ; *Patient Advocacy ; Patients/*psychology ; Power (Psychology) ; Therapeutic Equipoise ; Venous Insufficiency/complications/*surgery
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The crystal structure of an oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase uncovers a novel iron-sulphur centre (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-18
    Beschreibung: Hydrogenases are abundant enzymes that catalyse the reversible interconversion of H(2) into protons and electrons at high rates. Those hydrogenases maintaining their activity in the presence of O(2) are considered to be central to H(2)-based technologies, such as enzymatic fuel cells and for light-driven H(2) production. Despite comprehensive genetic, biochemical, electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations, the molecular background allowing a structural interpretation of how the catalytic centre is protected from irreversible inactivation by O(2) has remained unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of an O(2)-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenase from the aerobic H(2) oxidizer Ralstonia eutropha H16 at 1.5 A resolution. The heterodimeric enzyme consists of a large subunit harbouring the catalytic centre in the H(2)-reduced state and a small subunit containing an electron relay consisting of three different iron-sulphur clusters. The cluster proximal to the active site displays an unprecedented [4Fe-3S] structure and is coordinated by six cysteines. According to the current model, this cofactor operates as an electronic switch depending on the nature of the gas molecule approaching the active site. It serves as an electron acceptor in the course of H(2) oxidation and as an electron-delivering device upon O(2) attack at the active site. This dual function is supported by the capability of the novel iron-sulphur cluster to adopt three redox states at physiological redox potentials. The second structural feature is a network of extended water cavities that may act as a channel facilitating the removal of water produced at the [NiFe] active site. These discoveries will have an impact on the design of biological and chemical H(2)-converting catalysts that are capable of cycling H(2) in air.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fritsch, Johannes -- Scheerer, Patrick -- Frielingsdorf, Stefan -- Kroschinsky, Sebastian -- Friedrich, Barbel -- Lenz, Oliver -- Spahn, Christian M T -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 16;479(7372):249-52. doi: 10.1038/nature10505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mikrobiologie, Institut fur Biologie, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Chausseestrasse 117, 10115 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22002606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cupriavidus necator/*enzymology ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Iron/analysis/*chemistry ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Sulfur/analysis/*chemistry ; Water/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 25
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    Coronin 2A mediates actin-dependent de-repression of inflammatory response genes (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-19
    Beschreibung: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as initiators of inflammation through their ability to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and products of tissue damage. Transcriptional activation of many TLR-responsive genes requires an initial de-repression step in which nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) complexes are actively removed from the promoters of target genes to relieve basal repression. Ligand-dependent SUMOylation of liver X receptors (LXRs) has been found to suppress TLR4-induced transcription potently by preventing the NCoR clearance step, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here we provide evidence that coronin 2A (CORO2A), a component of the NCoR complex of previously unknown function, mediates TLR-induced NCoR turnover by a mechanism involving interaction with oligomeric nuclear actin. SUMOylated LXRs block NCoR turnover by binding to a conserved SUMO2/SUMO3-interaction motif in CORO2A and preventing actin recruitment. Intriguingly, the LXR transrepression pathway can itself be inactivated by inflammatory signals that induce calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIgamma (CaMKIIgamma)-dependent phosphorylation of LXRs, leading to their deSUMOylation by the SUMO protease SENP3 and release from CORO2A. These findings uncover a CORO2A-actin-dependent mechanism for the de-repression of inflammatory response genes that can be differentially regulated by phosphorylation and by nuclear receptor signalling pathways that control immunity and homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464905/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464905/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Wendy -- Ghisletti, Serena -- Saijo, Kaoru -- Gandhi, Meghal -- Aouadi, Myriam -- Tesz, Greg J -- Zhang, Dawn X -- Yao, Joyee -- Czech, Michael P -- Goode, Bruce L -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- Glass, Christopher K -- 1F31DK083913/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- CA52599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK085853/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HC088093/HC/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL056989/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA052599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK091183/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065445/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034934/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):414-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Inflammation/*genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Peritonitis/chemically induced/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Sumoylation ; Thioglycolates/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 26
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    Science in Africa: Enter the dragon (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordling, Linda -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):560-2. doi: 10.1038/474560a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21720342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; China ; *International Cooperation ; Science/*economics/standards/trends
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 27
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    Drugs: More shots on target (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Appel, Adrianne -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 14;480(7377):S40-2. doi: 10.1038/480S40a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22169800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Boron Compounds/therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Multiple Myeloma/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; Oligopeptides/therapeutic use ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Pyrazines/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Survival Rate ; Thalidomide/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Threonine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 28
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    Genomic medicine has failed the poor (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Stephen -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):287. doi: 10.1038/478287a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford University Clinical Research Unit. sbaker@oucru.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Genomics/economics/*standards ; Humans ; *Poverty ; *Public Health ; Research/economics/trends ; Salmonella typhi/genetics ; *Typhoid Fever
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 29
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    Imprints of fast-rotating massive stars in the Galactic Bulge (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-29
    Beschreibung: The first stars that formed after the Big Bang were probably massive, and they provided the Universe with the first elements heavier than helium ('metals'), which were incorporated into low-mass stars that have survived to the present. Eight stars in the oldest globular cluster in the Galaxy, NGC 6522, were found to have surface abundances consistent with the gas from which they formed being enriched by massive stars (that is, with higher alpha-element/Fe and Eu/Fe ratios than those of the Sun). However, the same stars have anomalously high abundances of Ba and La with respect to Fe, which usually arises through nucleosynthesis in low-mass stars (via the slow-neutron-capture process, or s-process). Recent theory suggests that metal-poor fast-rotating massive stars are able to boost the s-process yields by up to four orders of magnitude, which might provide a solution to this contradiction. Here we report a reanalysis of the earlier spectra, which reveals that Y and Sr are also overabundant with respect to Fe, showing a large scatter similar to that observed in extremely metal-poor stars, whereas C abundances are not enhanced. This pattern is best explained as originating in metal-poor fast-rotating massive stars, which might point to a common property of the first stellar generations and even of the 'first stars'.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiappini, Cristina -- Frischknecht, Urs -- Meynet, Georges -- Hirschi, Raphael -- Barbuy, Beatriz -- Pignatari, Marco -- Decressin, Thibaut -- Maeder, Andre -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):454-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, Potsdam, 14482, Germany. cristina.chiappini@aip.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    More time for research: fund people not projects (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ioannidis, John P A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 28;477(7366):529-31. doi: 10.1038/477529a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jioannid@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bibliometrics ; Employee Performance Appraisal/methods/trends ; Financing, Organized/economics/organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research/methods/trends ; Pilot Projects ; Random Allocation ; Research/economics ; Research Personnel/*economics/standards ; Research Support as Topic/economics/*organization & administration ; Time Factors ; Writing
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    Stuttering studies support treatment (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onslow, Mark -- Packman, Ann -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 24;470(7335):465; author reply 465. doi: 10.1038/470465b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Conditioning, Operant ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stuttering/epidemiology/*therapy ; Treatment Outcome
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Rad51 paralogues Rad55-Rad57 balance the antirecombinase Srs2 in Rad51 filament formation (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-25
    Beschreibung: Homologous recombination is a high-fidelity DNA repair pathway. Besides a critical role in accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis, recombination functions in DNA repair and in the recovery of stalled or broken replication forks to ensure genomic stability. In contrast, inappropriate recombination contributes to genomic instability, leading to loss of heterozygosity, chromosome rearrangements and cell death. The RecA/UvsX/RadA/Rad51 family of proteins catalyses the signature reactions of recombination, homology search and DNA strand invasion. Eukaryotes also possess Rad51 paralogues, whose exact role in recombination remains to be defined. Here we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 paralogues, the Rad55-Rad57 heterodimer, counteract the antirecombination activity of the Srs2 helicase. The Rad55-Rad57 heterodimer associates with the Rad51-single-stranded DNA filament, rendering it more stable than a nucleoprotein filament containing Rad51 alone. The Rad51-Rad55-Rad57 co-filament resists disruption by the Srs2 antirecombinase by blocking Srs2 translocation, involving a direct protein interaction between Rad55-Rad57 and Srs2. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role of the Rad51 paralogues in stabilizing the Rad51 filament against a biologically important antagonist, the Srs2 antirecombination helicase. The biological significance of this mechanism is indicated by a complete suppression of the ionizing radiation sensitivity of rad55 or rad57 mutants by concomitant deletion of SRS2, as expected for biological antagonists. We propose that the Rad51 presynaptic filament is a meta-stable reversible intermediate, whose assembly and disassembly is governed by the balance between Rad55-Rad57 and Srs2, providing a key regulatory mechanism controlling the initiation of homologous recombination. These data provide a paradigm for the potential function of the human RAD51 paralogues, which are known to be involved in cancer predisposition and human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3213327/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3213327/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jie -- Renault, Ludovic -- Veaute, Xavier -- Fabre, Francis -- Stahlberg, Henning -- Heyer, Wolf-Dietrich -- CA92267/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM58015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074929/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074929-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54GM74929/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 23;479(7372):245-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-8665, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rad51 Recombinase/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Atmospheric science: An Arctic ozone hole? (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, Rolando R -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;478(7370):462-3. doi: 10.1038/478462a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ozone/*analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Translational medicine: Cancer lessons from mice to humans (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuveson, David -- Hanahan, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 17;471(7338):316-7. doi: 10.1038/471316a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Everolimus ; Humans ; Indoles/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/*drug therapy/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Pyrroles/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sirolimus/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Survival Rate ; *Translational Medical Research
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Science addict (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉zur Hausen, Harald -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):S12. doi: 10.1038/478S12a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Behavior/physiology ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Germany ; Human papillomavirus 16/pathogenicity ; Human papillomavirus 18/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Mentors ; *Nobel Prize ; Oncogenic Viruses/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*virology
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    Earth science: Redox state of early magmas (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scaillet, Bruno -- Gaillard, Fabrice -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):48-9. doi: 10.1038/480048a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Volcanic Eruptions
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Military institute: US pathology centre units will live on (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Thomas P -- Mateczun, John M -- Rice, Charles L -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 21;477(7365):407. doi: 10.1038/477407a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration ; Animals ; Humans ; Military Medicine/*organization & administration ; Pathology/*organization & administration ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Grains and grain boundaries in single-layer graphene atomic patchwork quilts (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-07
    Beschreibung: The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of their grains and by the atomic structure of their grain boundaries. These effects should be especially pronounced in two-dimensional materials, where even a line defect can divide and disrupt a crystal. These issues take on practical significance in graphene, which is a hexagonal, two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms. Single-atom-thick graphene sheets can now be produced by chemical vapour deposition on scales of up to metres, making their polycrystallinity almost unavoidable. Theoretically, graphene grain boundaries are predicted to have distinct electronic, magnetic, chemical and mechanical properties that strongly depend on their atomic arrangement. Yet because of the five-order-of-magnitude size difference between grains and the atoms at grain boundaries, few experiments have fully explored the graphene grain structure. Here we use a combination of old and new transmission electron microscopy techniques to bridge these length scales. Using atomic-resolution imaging, we determine the location and identity of every atom at a grain boundary and find that different grains stitch together predominantly through pentagon-heptagon pairs. Rather than individually imaging the several billion atoms in each grain, we use diffraction-filtered imaging to rapidly map the location, orientation and shape of several hundred grains and boundaries, where only a handful have been previously reported. The resulting images reveal an unexpectedly small and intricate patchwork of grains connected by tilt boundaries. By correlating grain imaging with scanning probe and transport measurements, we show that these grain boundaries severely weaken the mechanical strength of graphene membranes but do not as drastically alter their electrical properties. These techniques open a new window for studies on the structure, properties and control of grains and grain boundaries in graphene and other two-dimensional materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Pinshane Y -- Ruiz-Vargas, Carlos S -- van der Zande, Arend M -- Whitney, William S -- Levendorf, Mark P -- Kevek, Joshua W -- Garg, Shivank -- Alden, Jonathan S -- Hustedt, Caleb J -- Zhu, Ye -- Park, Jiwoong -- McEuen, Paul L -- Muller, David A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 20;469(7330):389-92. doi: 10.1038/nature09718. Epub 2011 Jan 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Copper ; Graphite/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Particle Size
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    Learning tools: visual aids (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, Katharine -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 29;477(7366):621-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21966675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Audiovisual Aids/*utilization ; *Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards ; Internet/*utilization ; Periodicals as Topic/trends ; Research Personnel/*education ; Time Factors ; Video Recording
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    RNAi promotes heterochromatic silencing through replication-coupled release of RNA Pol II (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-18
    Beschreibung: Heterochromatin comprises tightly compacted repetitive regions of eukaryotic chromosomes. The inheritance of heterochromatin through mitosis requires RNA interference (RNAi), which guides histone modification during the DNA replication phase of the cell cycle. Here we show that the alternating arrangement of origins of replication and non-coding RNA in pericentromeric heterochromatin results in competition between transcription and replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Co-transcriptional RNAi releases RNA polymerase II (Pol II), allowing completion of DNA replication by the leading strand DNA polymerase, and associated histone modifying enzymes that spread heterochromatin with the replication fork. In the absence of RNAi, stalled forks are repaired by homologous recombination without histone modification.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3391703/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3391703/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaratiegui, Mikel -- Castel, Stephane E -- Irvine, Danielle V -- Kloc, Anna -- Ren, Jie -- Li, Fei -- de Castro, Elisa -- Marin, Laura -- Chang, An-Yun -- Goto, Derek -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Antequera, Francisco -- Arcangioli, Benoit -- Martienssen, Robert A -- R01 GM076396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076396-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 16;479(7371):135-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22002604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Centromere/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication/*physiology ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; *Gene Silencing ; Heterochromatin/*genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Homologous Recombination ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Replication Origin ; S Phase ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Detection of prokaryotic mRNA signifies microbial viability and promotes immunity (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-24
    Beschreibung: Live vaccines have long been known to trigger far more vigorous immune responses than their killed counterparts. This has been attributed to the ability of live microorganisms to replicate and express specialized virulence factors that facilitate invasion and infection of their hosts. However, protective immunization can often be achieved with a single injection of live, but not dead, attenuated microorganisms stripped of their virulence factors. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are detected by the immune system, are present in both live and killed vaccines, indicating that certain poorly characterized aspects of live microorganisms, not incorporated in dead vaccines, are particularly effective at inducing protective immunity. Here we show that the mammalian innate immune system can directly sense microbial viability through detection of a special class of viability-associated PAMPs (vita-PAMPs). We identify prokaryotic messenger RNA as a vita-PAMP present only in viable bacteria, the recognition of which elicits a unique innate response and a robust adaptive antibody response. Notably, the innate response evoked by viability and prokaryotic mRNA was thus far considered to be reserved for pathogenic bacteria, but we show that even non-pathogenic bacteria in sterile tissues can trigger similar responses, provided that they are alive. Thus, the immune system actively gauges the infectious risk by searching PAMPs for signatures of microbial life and thus infectivity. Detection of vita-PAMPs triggers a state of alert not warranted for dead bacteria. Vaccine formulations that incorporate vita-PAMPs could thus combine the superior protection of live vaccines with the safety of dead vaccines.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289942/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289942/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sander, Leif E -- Davis, Michael J -- Boekschoten, Mark V -- Amsen, Derk -- Dascher, Christopher C -- Ryffel, Bernard -- Swanson, Joel A -- Muller, Michael -- Blander, J Magarian -- AI080959A/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064668/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI095245/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI080959/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI080959-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 22;474(7351):385-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21602824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/deficiency/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology ; Bacteria/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Vaccines/genetics/immunology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/immunology/microbiology ; Immunity, Innate/*immunology ; Inflammasomes/immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-beta/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/cytology/immunology/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbial Viability/*genetics/*immunology ; Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/immunology/microbiology ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/*immunology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics/immunology ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology ; Virulence Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 42
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    Neuroscience: Gone with the wean (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arellano, Jon I -- Rakic, Pasko -- R01 NS014841/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):333-4. doi: 10.1038/478333a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/*cytology/*growth & development ; *Cell Movement ; Humans ; Neurons/*cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 43
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    Change Chinese returnee rules (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Jun -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):285. doi: 10.1038/474285d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China/ethnology ; Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Internationality ; Research Personnel/*education/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Japan faces power struggle (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):143-4. doi: 10.1038/472143a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21490642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquakes ; Electric Power Supplies/*supply & distribution/*trends ; Fossil Fuels/*utilization ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; Nuclear Energy/*statistics & numerical data ; Nuclear Power Plants/supply & distribution/utilization ; Radioactive Hazard Release
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 45
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    Commercial space flight: Scientists in space (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, Katharine -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 25;476(7361):477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Astronauts/economics/*education/*supply & distribution ; Humans ; *Private Sector/economics ; Research Personnel/*education/supply & distribution ; Space Flight/*economics/*manpower ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; Weightlessness/adverse effects ; Weightlessness Simulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Messinian salinity crisis regulated by competing tectonics and erosion at the Gibraltar arc (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-16
    Beschreibung: The Messinian salinity crisis (5.96 to 5.33 million years ago) was caused by reduced water inflow from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea resulting in widespread salt precipitation and a decrease in Mediterranean sea level of about 1.5 kilometres due to evaporation. The reduced connectivity between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean at the time of the salinity crisis is thought to have resulted from tectonic uplift of the Gibraltar arc seaway and global sea-level changes, both of which control the inflow of water required to compensate for the hydrological deficit of the Mediterranean. However, the different timescales on which tectonic uplift and changes in sea level occur are difficult to reconcile with the long duration of the shallow connection between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic needed to explain the large amount of salt precipitated. Here we use numerical modelling to show that seaway erosion caused by the Atlantic inflow could sustain such a shallow connection between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean by counteracting tectonic uplift. The erosion and uplift rates required are consistent with previous mountain erosion studies, with the present altitude of marine sediments in the Gibraltar arc and with geodynamic models suggesting a lithospheric slab tear underneath the region. The moderate Mediterranean sea-level drawdown during the early stages of the Messinian salinity crisis can be explained by an uplift of a few millimetres per year counteracted by similar rates of erosion due to Atlantic inflow. Our findings suggest that the competition between uplift and erosion can result in harmonic coupling between erosion and the Mediterranean sea level, providing an alternative mechanism for the cyclicity observed in early salt precipitation deposits and calling into question previous ideas regarding the timing of the events that occurred during the Messinian salinity crisis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Castellanos, D -- Villasenor, A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 14;480(7377):359-63. doi: 10.1038/nature10651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera, CSIC, Sole i Sabaris s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. danielgc@ictja.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: Intense debate persists about the climatic mechanisms governing hydrologic changes in tropical and subtropical southeast Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum, about 20,000 years ago. In particular, the relative importance of atmospheric and oceanic processes is not firmly established. Southward shifts of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) driven by high-latitude climate changes have been suggested as a primary forcing, whereas other studies infer a predominant influence of Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures on regional rainfall changes. To address this question, a continuous record representing an integrated signal of regional climate variability is required, but has until now been missing. Here we show that remote atmospheric forcing by cold events in the northern high latitudes appears to have been the main driver of hydro-climatology in southeast Africa during rapid climate changes over the past 17,000 years. Our results are based on a reconstruction of precipitation and river discharge changes, as recorded in a marine sediment core off the mouth of the Zambezi River, near the southern boundary of the modern seasonal ITCZ migration. Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures did not exert a primary control over southeast African hydrologic variability. Instead, phases of high precipitation and terrestrial discharge occurred when the ITCZ was forced southwards during Northern Hemisphere cold events, such as Heinrich stadial 1 (around 16,000 years ago) and the Younger Dryas (around 12,000 years ago), or when local summer insolation was high in the late Holocene, that is, during the past 4,000 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schefuss, Enno -- Kuhlmann, Holger -- Mollenhauer, Gesine -- Prange, Matthias -- Patzold, Jurgen -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 21;480(7378):509-12. doi: 10.1038/nature10685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. schefuss@uni-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa, Southern ; *Climate Change ; Geologic Sediments/*analysis ; *Rain ; Time Factors
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    Spectroscopy: A closer look at polymer annealing (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Yi -- Lakowicz, Joseph R -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):178-9. doi: 10.1038/472178a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21490666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Gases/chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Motion ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Solvents/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Risky energy research faces uncertain future (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):145-6. doi: 10.1038/471145a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Marine biology network launches into choppy waters (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nosengo, Nicola -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 24;470(7335):444-5. doi: 10.1038/470444a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Ciona intestinalis/genetics ; Europe ; International Cooperation ; Marine Biology/economics/*organization & administration/*trends ; Models, Animal ; Research Support as Topic/economics/*trends
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    Lignocellulose: A chewy problem (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, Katharine -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 22;474(7352):S12-4. doi: 10.1038/474S012a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biofuels/*supply & distribution ; Biomass ; Biotechnology/methods ; Cellulases/genetics/metabolism ; Ethanol/chemistry/metabolism ; Lignin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Wood/chemistry
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    Birth of a relativistic outflow in the unusual gamma-ray transient Swift J164449.3+573451 (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-26
    Beschreibung: Active galactic nuclei, which are powered by long-term accretion onto central supermassive black holes, produce relativistic jets with lifetimes of at least one million years, and the observation of the birth of such a jet is therefore unlikely. Transient accretion onto a supermassive black hole, for example through the tidal disruption of a stray star, thus offers a rare opportunity to study the birth of a relativistic jet. On 25 March 2011, an unusual transient source (Swift J164449.3+573451) was found, potentially representing such an accretion event. Here we report observations spanning centimetre to millimetre wavelengths and covering the first month of evolution of a luminous radio transient associated with Swift J164449.3+573451. The radio transient coincides with the nucleus of an inactive galaxy. We conclude that we are seeing a newly formed relativistic outflow, launched by transient accretion onto a million-solar-mass black hole. A relativistic outflow is not predicted in this situation, but we show that the tidal disruption of a star naturally explains the observed high-energy properties and radio luminosity and the inferred rate of such events. The weaker beaming in the radio-frequency spectrum relative to gamma-rays or X-rays suggests that radio searches may uncover similar events out to redshifts of z approximately 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zauderer, B A -- Berger, E -- Soderberg, A M -- Loeb, A -- Narayan, R -- Frail, D A -- Petitpas, G R -- Brunthaler, A -- Chornock, R -- Carpenter, J M -- Pooley, G G -- Mooley, K -- Kulkarni, S R -- Margutti, R -- Fox, D B -- Nakar, E -- Patel, N A -- Volgenau, N H -- Culverhouse, T L -- Bietenholz, M F -- Rupen, M P -- Max-Moerbeck, W -- Readhead, A C S -- Richards, J -- Shepherd, M -- Storm, S -- Hull, C L H -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 24;476(7361):425-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. bzauderer@cfa.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Materials science: slippery when wetted (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nosonovsky, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 21;477(7365):412-3. doi: 10.1038/477412a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA. nosonovs@uwm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms/*chemistry ; Animals ; Biomimetic Materials/*chemistry ; Lubricants/*chemistry ; *Pressure ; *Surface Properties ; *Wettability
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    Excess digestive capacity in predators reflects a life of feast and famine (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-08
    Beschreibung: A central challenge for predators is achieving positive energy balance when prey are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Ecological heterogeneity produces evolutionary trade-offs in the physiological design of predators; this is because the ability to capitalize on pulses of food abundance requires high capacity for food-processing, yet maintaining such capacity imposes energetic costs that are taxing during periods of food scarcity. Recent advances in physiology show that when variation in foraging opportunities is predictable, animals may adjust energetic trade-offs by rapidly modulating their digestive system to track variation in foraging opportunities. However, it is increasingly recognized that foraging opportunities for animals are unpredictable, which should favour animals that maintain a capacity for food-processing that exceeds average levels of consumption (loads). Despite this basic principle of quantitative evolutionary design, estimates of digestive load:capacity ratios in wild animals are virtually non-existent. Here we provide an extensive assessment of load:capacity ratios for the digestive systems of predators in the wild, compiling 639 estimates across 38 species of fish. We found that piscine predators typically maintain the physiological capacity to feed at daily rates 2-3 times higher than what they experience on average. A numerical simulation of the trade-off between food-processing capacity and metabolic cost suggests that the observed level of physiological opportunism is profitable only if predator-prey encounters, and thus predator energy budgets, are far more variable in nature than currently assumed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, Jonathan B -- Schindler, Daniel E -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 6;476(7358):84-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10240.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. Jonny99@uw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Digestion/*physiology ; Energy Metabolism/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Starvation/*physiopathology/*veterinary ; Time Factors ; *Uncertainty
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Microbiology: Hydrogen for dinner (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orphan, Victoria J -- Hoehler, Tori M -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7359):154-5. doi: 10.1038/476154a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia/metabolism/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Gills/metabolism/microbiology ; Hot Springs/*chemistry/microbiology ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Symbiosis/genetics/*physiology
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    Crystal structure of metarhodopsin II (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-11
    Beschreibung: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane helix (TM) proteins that transduce signals into living cells by binding extracellular ligands and coupling to intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins (Galphabetagamma). The photoreceptor rhodopsin couples to transducin and bears its ligand 11-cis-retinal covalently bound via a protonated Schiff base to the opsin apoprotein. Absorption of a photon causes retinal cis/trans isomerization and generates the agonist all-trans-retinal in situ. After early photoproducts, the active G-protein-binding intermediate metarhodopsin II (Meta II) is formed, in which the retinal Schiff base is still intact but deprotonated. Dissociation of the proton from the Schiff base breaks a major constraint in the protein and enables further activating steps, including an outward tilt of TM6 and formation of a large cytoplasmic crevice for uptake of the interacting C terminus of the Galpha subunit. Owing to Schiff base hydrolysis, Meta II is short-lived and notoriously difficult to crystallize. We therefore soaked opsin crystals with all-trans-retinal to form Meta II, presuming that the crystal's high concentration of opsin in an active conformation (Ops*) may facilitate all-trans-retinal uptake and Schiff base formation. Here we present the 3.0 A and 2.85 A crystal structures, respectively, of Meta II alone or in complex with an 11-amino-acid C-terminal fragment derived from Galpha (GalphaCT2). GalphaCT2 binds in a large crevice at the cytoplasmic side, akin to the binding of a similar Galpha-derived peptide to Ops* (ref. 7). In the Meta II structures, the electron density from the retinal ligand seamlessly continues into the Lys 296 side chain, reflecting proper formation of the Schiff base linkage. The retinal is in a relaxed conformation and almost undistorted compared with pure crystalline all-trans-retinal. By comparison with early photoproducts we propose how retinal translocation and rotation induce the gross conformational changes characteristic for Meta II. The structures can now serve as models for the large GPCR family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choe, Hui-Woog -- Kim, Yong Ju -- Park, Jung Hee -- Morizumi, Takefumi -- Pai, Emil F -- Krauss, Norbert -- Hofmann, Klaus Peter -- Scheerer, Patrick -- Ernst, Oliver P -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 31;471(7340):651-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09789. Epub 2011 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Medizinische Physik und Biophysik - CC2, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. hwchoe@jbnu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21389988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Opsins/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Schiff Bases/chemistry ; Static Electricity
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    GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-29
    Beschreibung: Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modifications of chromosomal proteins and DNA. These histone modifications are reversible, dynamic events that can regulate DNA-driven cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate histone modification patterns remain largely unknown. In metazoans, reversible protein modification by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is catalysed by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). However, the significance of GlcNAcylation in chromatin reorganization remains elusive. Here we report that histone H2B is GlcNAcylated at residue S112 by OGT in vitro and in living cells. Histone GlcNAcylation fluctuated in response to extracellular glucose through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). H2B S112 GlcNAcylation promotes K120 monoubiquitination, in which the GlcNAc moiety can serve as an anchor for a histone H2B ubiquitin ligase. H2B S112 GlcNAc was localized to euchromatic areas on fly polytene chromosomes. In a genome-wide analysis, H2B S112 GlcNAcylation sites were observed widely distributed over chromosomes including transcribed gene loci, with some sites co-localizing with H2B K120 monoubiquitination. These findings suggest that H2B S112 GlcNAcylation is a histone modification that facilitates H2BK120 monoubiquitination, presumably for transcriptional activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiki, Ryoji -- Hashiba, Waka -- Sekine, Hiroki -- Yokoyama, Atsushi -- Chikanishi, Toshihiro -- Ito, Saya -- Imai, Yuuki -- Kim, Jaehoon -- He, Housheng Hansen -- Igarashi, Katsuhide -- Kanno, Jun -- Ohtake, Fumiaki -- Kitagawa, Hirochika -- Roeder, Robert G -- Brown, Myles -- Kato, Shigeaki -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 27;480(7378):557-60. doi: 10.1038/nature10656.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22121020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylglucosamine/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Mourning glory (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):143-4. doi: 10.1038/471143a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Chemistry: Enzyme expertise (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, Katharine -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 17;471(7338):397-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21416805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biocatalysis ; Biotechnology/education/*manpower/*trends ; Directed Molecular Evolution/utilization ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Green Chemistry Technology/education/manpower/trends ; Internationality
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    In vivo imaging of Treg cells providing immune privilege to the haematopoietic stem-cell niche (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-10
    Beschreibung: Stem cells reside in a specialized regulatory microenvironment or niche, where they receive appropriate support for maintaining self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. The niche may also protect stem cells from environmental insults including cytotoxic chemotherapy and perhaps pathogenic immunity. The testis, hair follicle and placenta are all sites of residence for stem cells and are immune-suppressive environments, called immune-privileged sites, where multiple mechanisms cooperate to prevent immune attack, even enabling prolonged survival of foreign allografts without immunosuppression. We sought to determine if somatic stem-cell niches more broadly are immune-privileged sites by examining the haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) niche in the bone marrow, a site where immune reactivity exists. We observed persistence of HSPCs from allogeneic donor mice (allo-HSPCs) in non-irradiated recipient mice for 30 days without immunosuppression with the same survival frequency compared to syngeneic HSPCs. These HSPCs were lost after the depletion of FoxP3 regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. High-resolution in vivo imaging over time demonstrated marked co-localization of HSPCs with T(reg) cells that accumulated on the endosteal surface in the calvarial and trabecular bone marrow. T(reg) cells seem to participate in creating a localized zone where HSPCs reside and where T(reg) cells are necessary for allo-HSPC persistence. In addition to processes supporting stem-cell function, the niche will provide a relative sanctuary from immune attack.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725645/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725645/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujisaki, Joji -- Wu, Juwell -- Carlson, Alicia L -- Silberstein, Lev -- Putheti, Prabhakar -- Larocca, Rafael -- Gao, Wenda -- Saito, Toshiki I -- Lo Celso, Cristina -- Tsuyuzaki, Hitoshi -- Sato, Tatsuyuki -- Cote, Daniel -- Sykes, Megan -- Strom, Terry B -- Scadden, David T -- Lin, Charles P -- AI041521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA111519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL097748/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL97794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI041521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA111519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA111519-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097748/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097748-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097794-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):216-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. jfujisaki@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Survival/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Graft Survival/*immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*immunology ; Humans ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Interleukin-10/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cell Niche/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Microenvironment: Neighbourhood watch (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 14;480(7377):S48-9. doi: 10.1038/480S48a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22169803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Multiple Myeloma/*drug therapy/*pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects/*physiology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Natural polymorphisms in C. elegans HECW-1 E3 ligase affect pathogen avoidance behaviour (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-18
    Beschreibung: Heritable variation in behavioural traits generally has a complex genetic basis, and thus naturally occurring polymorphisms that influence behaviour have been defined only in rare instances. The isolation of wild strains of Caenorhabditis elegans has facilitated the study of natural genetic variation in this species and provided insights into its diverse microbial ecology. C. elegans responds to bacterial infection with conserved innate immune responses and, although lacking the immunological memory of vertebrate adaptive immunity, shows an aversive learning response to pathogenic bacteria. Here, we report the molecular characterization of naturally occurring coding polymorphisms in a C. elegans gene encoding a conserved HECT domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, HECW-1. We show that two distinct polymorphisms in neighbouring residues of HECW-1 each affect C. elegans behavioural avoidance of a lawn of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Neuron-specific rescue and ablation experiments and genetic interaction analysis indicate that HECW-1 functions in a pair of sensory neurons to inhibit P. aeruginosa lawn avoidance behaviour through inhibition of the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1 (ref. 10), which we have previously shown promotes P. aeruginosa lawn avoidance behaviour. Our data establish a molecular basis for natural variation in a C. elegans behaviour that may undergo adaptive changes in response to microbial pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245782/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245782/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Howard C -- Paek, Jennifer -- Kim, Dennis H -- GM084477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084477-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 16;480(7378):525-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10643.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22089131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Caenorhabditis elegans/enzymology/genetics/microbiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*physiology ; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/enzymology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Dynamics of human adipose lipid turnover in health and metabolic disease (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-29
    Beschreibung: Adipose tissue mass is determined by the storage and removal of triglycerides in adipocytes. Little is known, however, about adipose lipid turnover in humans in health and pathology. To study this in vivo, here we determined lipid age by measuring (14)C derived from above ground nuclear bomb tests in adipocyte lipids. We report that during the average ten-year lifespan of human adipocytes, triglycerides are renewed six times. Lipid age is independent of adipocyte size, is very stable across a wide range of adult ages and does not differ between genders. Adipocyte lipid turnover, however, is strongly related to conditions with disturbed lipid metabolism. In obesity, triglyceride removal rate (lipolysis followed by oxidation) is decreased and the amount of triglycerides stored each year is increased. In contrast, both lipid removal and storage rates are decreased in non-obese patients diagnosed with the most common hereditary form of dyslipidaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Lipid removal rate is positively correlated with the capacity of adipocytes to break down triglycerides, as assessed through lipolysis, and is inversely related to insulin resistance. Our data support a mechanism in which adipocyte lipid storage and removal have different roles in health and pathology. High storage but low triglyceride removal promotes fat tissue accumulation and obesity. Reduction of both triglyceride storage and removal decreases lipid shunting through adipose tissue and thus promotes dyslipidaemia. We identify adipocyte lipid turnover as a novel target for prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773935/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773935/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, Peter -- Bernard, Samuel -- Salehpour, Mehran -- Possnert, Goran -- Liebl, Jakob -- Steier, Peter -- Buchholz, Bruce A -- Eriksson, Mats -- Arner, Erik -- Hauner, Hans -- Skurk, Thomas -- Ryden, Mikael -- Frayn, Keith N -- Spalding, Kirsty L -- P41 GM103483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR013461/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR13461/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 25;478(7367):110-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. peter.arner@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipocytes/chemistry/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/cytology/*metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Cell Aging ; Cell Size ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; DNA/chemistry ; Dyslipidemias/metabolism/pathology ; *Health ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipolysis ; Metabolic Diseases/*metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Weapons ; Obesity/metabolism ; Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Triglycerides/analysis/metabolism ; Young Adult
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    Bioinformatics: Curation generation (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, Katharine -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21348148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Computational Biology/education/*manpower ; *Databases, Factual/standards/trends/utilization ; *Documentation/trends ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Annotation/methods/trends ; Software
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    Evolution of human BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia-initiating cells (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-21
    Beschreibung: Many tumours are composed of genetically diverse cells; however, little is known about how diversity evolves or the impact that diversity has on functional properties. Here, using xenografting and DNA copy number alteration (CNA) profiling of human BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia, we demonstrate that genetic diversity occurs in functionally defined leukaemia-initiating cells and that many diagnostic patient samples contain multiple genetically distinct leukaemia-initiating cell subclones. Reconstructing the subclonal genetic ancestry of several samples by CNA profiling demonstrated a branching multi-clonal evolution model of leukaemogenesis, rather than linear succession. For some patient samples, the predominant diagnostic clone repopulated xenografts, whereas in others it was outcompeted by minor subclones. Reconstitution with the predominant diagnosis clone was associated with more aggressive growth properties in xenografts, deletion of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and a trend towards poorer patient outcome. Our findings link clonal diversity with leukaemia-initiating-cell function and underscore the importance of developing therapies that eradicate all intratumoral subclones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Notta, Faiyaz -- Mullighan, Charles G -- Wang, Jean C Y -- Poeppl, Armando -- Doulatov, Sergei -- Phillips, Letha A -- Ma, Jing -- Minden, Mark D -- Downing, James R -- Dick, John E -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 20;469(7330):362-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Survival ; Clone Cells/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15/deficiency/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Disease Progression ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*genetics ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*genetics/*pathology ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Structural biology: Breaking the protein rules (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chouard, Tanguy -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):151-3. doi: 10.1038/471151a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Calcineurin/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Crystallization ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Pliability ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; *Protein Unfolding ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/metabolism
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    Canadian ozone network faces axe (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 12;477(7364):257-8. doi: 10.1038/477257a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arctic Regions ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Budgets ; Canada ; Environmental Monitoring/*economics/instrumentation/statistics & numerical data ; Internationality ; Ozone/*analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Microwave quantum logic gates for trapped ions (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-13
    Beschreibung: Control over physical systems at the quantum level is important in fields as diverse as metrology, information processing, simulation and chemistry. For trapped atomic ions, the quantized motional and internal degrees of freedom can be coherently manipulated with laser light. Similar control is difficult to achieve with radio-frequency or microwave radiation: the essential coupling between internal degrees of freedom and motion requires significant field changes over the extent of the atoms' motion, but such changes are negligible at these frequencies for freely propagating fields. An exception is in the near field of microwave currents in structures smaller than the free-space wavelength, where stronger gradients can be generated. Here we first manipulate coherently (on timescales of 20 nanoseconds) the internal quantum states of ions held in a microfabricated trap. The controlling magnetic fields are generated by microwave currents in electrodes that are integrated into the trap structure. We also generate entanglement between the internal degrees of freedom of two atoms with a gate operation suitable for general quantum computation; the entangled state has a fidelity of 0.76(3), where the uncertainty denotes standard error of the mean. Our approach, which involves integrating the quantum control mechanism into the trapping device in a scalable manner, could be applied to quantum information processing, simulation and spectroscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ospelkaus, C -- Warring, U -- Colombe, Y -- Brown, K R -- Amini, J M -- Leibfried, D -- Wineland, D J -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7359):181-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA. christian.ospelkaus@iqo.uni-hannover.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    An siRNA pathway prevents transgenerational retrotransposition in plants subjected to stress (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-15
    Beschreibung: Eukaryotic genomes consist to a significant extent of retrotransposons that are suppressed by host epigenetic mechanisms, preventing their uncontrolled propagation. However, it is not clear how this is achieved. Here we show that in Arabidopsis seedlings subjected to heat stress, a copia-type retrotransposon named ONSEN (Japanese 'hot spring') not only became transcriptionally active but also synthesized extrachromosomal DNA copies. Heat-induced ONSEN accumulation was stimulated in mutants impaired in the biogenesis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs); however, there was no evidence of transposition occurring in vegetative tissues. After stress, both ONSEN transcripts and extrachromosomal DNA gradually decayed and were no longer detected after 20-30 days. Surprisingly, a high frequency of new ONSEN insertions was observed in the progeny of stressed plants deficient in siRNAs. Insertion patterns revealed that this transgenerational retrotransposition occurred during flower development and before gametogenesis. Therefore in plants with compromised siRNA biogenesis, memory of stress was maintained throughout development, priming ONSEN to transpose during differentiation of generative organs. Retrotransposition was not observed in the progeny of wild-type plants subjected to stress or in non-stressed mutant controls, pointing to a crucial role of the siRNA pathway in restricting retrotransposition triggered by environmental stress. Finally, we found that natural and experimentally induced variants in ONSEN insertions confer heat responsiveness to nearby genes, and therefore mobility bursts may generate novel, stress-responsive regulatory gene networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Hidetaka -- Gaubert, Herve -- Bucher, Etienne -- Mirouze, Marie -- Vaillant, Isabelle -- Paszkowski, Jerzy -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):115-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09861. Epub 2011 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21399627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Chromosomes, Plant ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Genes, Plant/genetics ; *Heat-Shock Response/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics ; RNA, Plant/*genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Seedlings/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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    Brazilian soya: the argument against (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baletti, Brenda -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):285. doi: 10.1038/474285b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture/*economics ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*methods/trends ; Food Industry/economics ; Forestry/trends ; *Models, Economic ; Pilot Projects ; Soybeans/*economics/growth & development
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    Biobanks need publicity (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaskell, George -- Gottweis, Herbert -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):159-60. doi: 10.1038/471159a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK. g.gaskell@lse.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Specimen Banks/statistics & numerical data/utilization ; Europe ; Genetic Privacy/psychology ; Genomics ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; Public Opinion ; *Public Relations ; Sample Size ; Tissue Donors/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data/supply & distribution ; Trust
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    Depth-dependent extension, two-stage breakup and cratonic underplating at rifted margins (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-06
    Beschreibung: Uniform lithospheric extension predicts basic properties of non-volcanic rifted margins but fails to explain other important characteristics. Significant discrepancies are observed at 'type I' margins (such as the Iberia-Newfoundland conjugates), where large tracts of continental mantle lithosphere are exposed at the sea floor, and 'type II' margins (such as some ultrawide central South Atlantic margins), where thin continental crust spans wide regions below which continental lower crust and mantle lithosphere have apparently been removed. Neither corresponds to uniform extension. Instead, either crust or mantle lithosphere has been preferentially removed. Using dynamical models, we demonstrate that these margins are opposite end members: in type I, depth-dependent extension results in crustal-necking breakup before mantle-lithosphere breakup and in type II, the converse is true. These two-layer, two-stage breakup behaviours explain the discrepancies and have implications for the styles of the associated sedimentary basins. Laterally flowing lower-mantle cratonic lithosphere may underplate some type II margins, thereby contributing to their anomalous characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huismans, Ritske -- Beaumont, Christopher -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 5;473(7345):74-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09988.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science, Bergen University, Bergen, N-5007, Norway. ritske.huismans@geo.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21544144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Will foreign-aid pledges materialize? (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Mike -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 20;469(7330):299. doi: 10.1038/469299a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Congresses as Topic ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/history ; Developed Countries/*economics/history ; Developing Countries/*economics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *International Cooperation/history ; Mexico ; United Nations
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    Precision measurement: Exciting antiprotons (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charlton, Mike -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 27;475(7357):459-60. doi: 10.1038/475459a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    We thought trouble was coming (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Funk, Chris -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):7. doi: 10.1038/476007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geography Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA. cfunk@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Climate Change/statistics & numerical data ; Droughts/mortality/*statistics & numerical data ; Food Supply/*statistics & numerical data ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Somalia/epidemiology ; Starvation/*epidemiology/mortality
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    Applied physics: Extreme light-bending power (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xiang -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):343-4. doi: 10.1038/470343a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Europe tackles huge fraud (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 14;474(7351):265. doi: 10.1038/474265a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Europe ; Financing, Organized/*economics ; Fraud/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research/*economics ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic/*economics
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    Physics of life: The dawn of quantum biology (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ball, Philip -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):272-4. doi: 10.1038/474272a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Migration ; Animals ; Birds/physiology ; *Life ; Magnetics ; Models, Biological ; Nature ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; *Quantum Theory
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Regenerative medicine: Muscle for a damaged heart (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christoffels, Vincent -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):585-6. doi: 10.1038/474585a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21720359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Heart/*physiology ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/*pathology ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Pericardium/*cytology ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Supernova SN 2011fe from an exploding carbon-oxygen white dwarf star (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-16
    Beschreibung: Type Ia supernovae have been used empirically as 'standard candles' to demonstrate the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe even though fundamental details, such as the nature of their progenitor systems and how the stars explode, remain a mystery. There is consensus that a white dwarf star explodes after accreting matter in a binary system, but the secondary body could be anything from a main-sequence star to a red giant, or even another white dwarf. This uncertainty stems from the fact that no recent type Ia supernova has been discovered close enough to Earth to detect the stars before explosion. Here we report early observations of supernova SN 2011fe in the galaxy M101 at a distance from Earth of 6.4 megaparsecs. We find that the exploding star was probably a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, and from the lack of an early shock we conclude that the companion was probably a main-sequence star. Early spectroscopy shows high-velocity oxygen that slows rapidly, on a timescale of hours, and extensive mixing of newly synthesized intermediate-mass elements in the outermost layers of the supernova. A companion paper uses pre-explosion images to rule out luminous red giants and most helium stars as companions to the progenitor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nugent, Peter E -- Sullivan, Mark -- Cenko, S Bradley -- Thomas, Rollin C -- Kasen, Daniel -- Howell, D Andrew -- Bersier, David -- Bloom, Joshua S -- Kulkarni, S R -- Kandrashoff, Michael T -- Filippenko, Alexei V -- Silverman, Jeffrey M -- Marcy, Geoffrey W -- Howard, Andrew W -- Isaacson, Howard T -- Maguire, Kate -- Suzuki, Nao -- Tarlton, James E -- Pan, Yen-Chen -- Bildsten, Lars -- Fulton, Benjamin J -- Parrent, Jerod T -- Sand, David -- Podsiadlowski, Philipp -- Bianco, Federica B -- Dilday, Benjamin -- Graham, Melissa L -- Lyman, Joe -- James, Phil -- Kasliwal, Mansi M -- Law, Nicholas M -- Quimby, Robert M -- Hook, Isobel M -- Walker, Emma S -- Mazzali, Paolo -- Pian, Elena -- Ofek, Eran O -- Gal-Yam, Avishay -- Poznanski, Dovi -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 14;480(7377):344-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. penugent@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    The novel gene twenty-four defines a critical translational step in the Drosophila clock (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-19
    Beschreibung: Daily oscillations of gene expression underlie circadian behaviours in multicellular organisms. While attention has been focused on transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, other post-transcriptional modes have been less clearly delineated. Here we report mutants of a novel Drosophila gene twenty-four (tyf) that show weak behavioural rhythms. Weak rhythms are accompanied by marked reductions in the levels of the clock protein Period (PER) as well as more modest effects on Timeless (TIM). Nonetheless, PER induction in pacemaker neurons can rescue tyf mutant rhythms. TYF associates with a 5'-cap-binding complex, poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), as well as per and tim transcripts. Furthermore, TYF activates reporter expression when tethered to reporter messenger RNA even in vitro. Taken together, these data indicate that TYF potently activates PER translation in pacemaker neurons to sustain robust rhythms, revealing a new and important role for translational control in the Drosophila circadian clock.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073513/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073513/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Chunghun -- Lee, Jongbin -- Choi, Changtaek -- Kilman, Valerie L -- Kim, Juwon -- Park, Sung Mi -- Jang, Sung Key -- Allada, Ravi -- Choe, Joonho -- R01 MH067870/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067870-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052903/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052903-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059042-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01MH067870/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01NS052903/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS059042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):399-403. doi: 10.1038/nature09728.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Circadian Clocks/*genetics/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*physiology ; Genes, Insect/*genetics ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Democratizing clinical research (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd, Keith -- White, Jo -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):277-8. doi: 10.1038/474277a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. k.r.lloyd@swansea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/economics/*organization & administration ; Democracy ; Depression ; Humans ; *Patient Advocacy ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Uncertainty
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Condensed-matter physics: A fresh twist on shrinking materials (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Attfield, J Paul -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 21;480(7378):465-6. doi: 10.1038/480465a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Impact factors: China's academic autocracy must go (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Nai-Zhuo -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 21;477(7365):407. doi: 10.1038/477407b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry/*standards ; Research Personnel/*standards/*statistics & numerical data
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Research community: Diploma database to encourage mobility (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-09-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santos, Ana M C -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 31;477(7362):33. doi: 10.1038/477033d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Databases, Factual ; International Cooperation ; Job Application ; *Online Systems ; Science/*education/manpower/*standards ; Universities/manpower/standards
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    The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth's atmosphere (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-02
    Beschreibung: Magmatic outgassing of volatiles from Earth's interior probably played a critical part in determining the composition of the earliest atmosphere, more than 4,000 million years (Myr) ago. Given an elemental inventory of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, the identity of molecular species in gaseous volcanic emanations depends critically on the pressure (fugacity) of oxygen. Reduced melts having oxygen fugacities close to that defined by the iron-wustite buffer would yield volatile species such as CH(4), H(2), H(2)S, NH(3) and CO, whereas melts close to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer would be similar to present-day conditions and would be dominated by H(2)O, CO(2), SO(2) and N(2) (refs 1-4). Direct constraints on the oxidation state of terrestrial magmas before 3,850 Myr before present (that is, the Hadean eon) are tenuous because the rock record is sparse or absent. Samples from this earliest period of Earth's history are limited to igneous detrital zircons that pre-date the known rock record, with ages approaching approximately 4,400 Myr (refs 5-8). Here we report a redox-sensitive calibration to determine the oxidation state of Hadean magmatic melts that is based on the incorporation of cerium into zircon crystals. We find that the melts have average oxygen fugacities that are consistent with an oxidation state defined by the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer, similar to present-day conditions. Moreover, selected Hadean zircons (having chemical characteristics consistent with crystallization specifically from mantle-derived melts) suggest oxygen fugacities similar to those of Archaean and present-day mantle-derived lavas as early as approximately 4,350 Myr before present. These results suggest that outgassing of Earth's interior later than approximately 200 Myr into the history of Solar System formation would not have resulted in a reducing atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trail, Dustin -- Watson, E Bruce -- Tailby, Nicholas D -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):79-82. doi: 10.1038/nature10655.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA. traild@rpi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Earth (Planet) ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Volcanic Eruptions
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Astrophysics: Stars acquire youth through duplicity (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tout, Christopher -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):331-2. doi: 10.1038/478331a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    A current filamentation mechanism for breaking magnetic field lines during reconnection (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-03
    Beschreibung: During magnetic reconnection, the field lines must break and reconnect to release the energy that drives solar and stellar flares and other explosive events in space and in the laboratory. Exactly how this happens has been unclear, because dissipation is needed to break magnetic field lines and classical collisions are typically weak. Ion-electron drag arising from turbulence, dubbed 'anomalous resistivity', and thermal momentum transport are two mechanisms that have been widely invoked. Measurements of enhanced turbulence near reconnection sites in space and in the laboratory support the anomalous resistivity idea but there has been no demonstration from measurements that this turbulence produces the necessary enhanced drag. Here we report computer simulations that show that neither of the two previously favoured mechanisms controls how magnetic field lines reconnect in the plasmas of greatest interest, those in which the magnetic field dominates the energy budget. Rather, we find that when the current layers that form during magnetic reconnection become too intense, they disintegrate and spread into a complex web of filaments that causes the rate of reconnection to increase abruptly. This filamentary web can be explored in the laboratory or in space with satellites that can measure the resulting electromagnetic turbulence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Che, H -- Drake, J F -- Swisdak, M -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 1;474(7350):184-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center For Integrated Plasma Studies, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. haihong.che@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21633355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Substrate-modulated gating dynamics in a Na+-coupled neurotransmitter transporter homologue (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-26
    Beschreibung: Neurotransmitter/Na(+) symporters (NSSs) terminate neuronal signalling by recapturing neurotransmitter released into the synapse in a co-transport (symport) mechanism driven by the Na(+) electrochemical gradient. NSSs for dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin are targeted by the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine, as well as by antidepressants. The crystal structure of LeuT, a prokaryotic NSS homologue, revealed an occluded conformation in which a leucine (Leu) and two Na(+) are bound deep within the protein. This structure has been the basis for extensive structural and computational exploration of the functional mechanisms of proteins with a LeuT-like fold. Subsequently, an 'outward-open' conformation was determined in the presence of the inhibitor tryptophan, and the Na(+)-dependent formation of a dynamic outward-facing intermediate was identified using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging has been used to reveal reversible transitions to an inward-open LeuT conformation, which involve the movement of transmembrane helix TM1a away from the transmembrane helical bundle. We investigated how substrate binding is coupled to structural transitions in LeuT during Na(+)-coupled transport. Here we report a process whereby substrate binding from the extracellular side of LeuT facilitates intracellular gate opening and substrate release at the intracellular face of the protein. In the presence of alanine, a substrate that is transported approximately 10-fold faster than leucine, we observed alanine-induced dynamics in the intracellular gate region of LeuT that directly correlate with transport efficiency. Collectively, our data reveal functionally relevant and previously hidden aspects of the NSS transport mechanism that emphasize the functional importance of a second substrate (S2) binding site within the extracellular vestibule. Substrate binding in this S2 site appears to act cooperatively with the primary substrate (S1) binding site to control intracellular gating more than 30 A away, in a manner that allows the Na(+) gradient to power the transport mechanism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178346/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178346/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Yongfang -- Terry, Daniel S -- Shi, Lei -- Quick, Matthias -- Weinstein, Harel -- Blanchard, Scott C -- Javitch, Jonathan A -- DA022413/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA023694/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA12408/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA17293/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K05 DA022413/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00 DA023694/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00 DA023694-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA017293/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 2;474(7349):109-13. doi: 10.1038/nature09971. Epub 2011 Apr 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Recognition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21516104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Ion Channel Gating/*drug effects ; Leucine/metabolism ; Lithium/metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding/genetics ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sodium/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Catalysis for fluorination and trifluoromethylation (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-05-27
    Beschreibung: Recent advances in catalysis have made the incorporation of fluorine into complex organic molecules easier than ever before, but selective, general and practical fluorination reactions remain sought after. Fluorination of molecules often imparts desirable properties, such as metabolic and thermal stability, and fluorinated molecules are therefore frequently used as pharmaceuticals or materials. But the formation of carbon-fluorine bonds in complex molecules is a significant challenge. Here we discuss reactions to make organofluorides that have emerged within the past few years and which exemplify how to overcome some of the intricate challenges associated with fluorination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119199/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119199/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furuya, Takeru -- Kamlet, Adam S -- Ritter, Tobias -- GM088237/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088237/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088237-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):470-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Argon/chemistry ; Carbon/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Fluorine/*chemistry ; *Halogenation ; *Methylation
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    Observation of scale invariance and universality in two-dimensional Bose gases (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-29
    Beschreibung: The collective behaviour of a many-body system near a continuous phase transition is insensitive to the details of its microscopic physics; for example, thermodynamic observables follow generalized scaling laws near the phase transition. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in two-dimensional Bose gases presents a particularly interesting case because the marginal dimensionality and intrinsic scaling symmetry result in a broad fluctuation regime and an extended range of universal scaling behaviour. Studies of the BKT transition in cold atoms have stimulated great interest in recent years, but a clear demonstration of critical behaviour near the phase transition has remained elusive. Here we report in situ density and density-fluctuation measurements of two-dimensional Bose gases of caesium at different temperatures and interaction strengths, observing scale-invariant, universal behaviours. The extracted thermodynamic functions confirm the existence of a wide universal region near the BKT phase transition, and provide a sensitive test of the universality predicted by classical-field theory and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Our experimental results provide evidence for growing density-density correlations in the fluctuation region, and call for further explorations of universal phenomena in classical and quantum critical physics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hung, Chen-Lung -- Zhang, Xibo -- Gemelke, Nathan -- Chin, Cheng -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):236-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09722. Epub 2011 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. clhung@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21270797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    MicroRNAs 103 and 107 regulate insulin sensitivity (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-10
    Beschreibung: Defects in insulin signalling are among the most common and earliest defects that predispose an individual to the development of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs have been identified as a new class of regulatory molecules that influence many biological functions, including metabolism. However, the direct regulation of insulin sensitivity by microRNAs in vivo has not been demonstrated. Here we show that the expression of microRNAs 103 and 107 (miR-103/107) is upregulated in obese mice. Silencing of miR-103/107 leads to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In contrast, gain of miR-103/107 function in either liver or fat is sufficient to induce impaired glucose homeostasis. We identify caveolin-1, a critical regulator of the insulin receptor, as a direct target gene of miR-103/107. We demonstrate that caveolin-1 is upregulated upon miR-103/107 inactivation in adipocytes and that this is concomitant with stabilization of the insulin receptor, enhanced insulin signalling, decreased adipocyte size and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These findings demonstrate the central importance of miR-103/107 to insulin sensitivity and identify a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trajkovski, Mirko -- Hausser, Jean -- Soutschek, Jurgen -- Bhat, Bal -- Akin, Akinc -- Zavolan, Mihaela -- Heim, Markus H -- Stoffel, Markus -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7353):649-53. doi: 10.1038/nature10112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Caveolin 1/metabolism ; Cell Size ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Hyperglycemia/physiopathology ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
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    Nascent transcript sequencing visualizes transcription at nucleotide resolution (2011)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-01-21
    Beschreibung: Recent studies of transcription have revealed a level of complexity not previously appreciated even a few years ago, both in the intricate use of post-initiation control and the mass production of rapidly degraded transcripts. Dissection of these pathways requires strategies for precisely following transcripts as they are being produced. Here we present an approach (native elongating transcript sequencing, NET-seq), based on deep sequencing of 3' ends of nascent transcripts associated with RNA polymerase, to monitor transcription at nucleotide resolution. Application of NET-seq in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that although promoters are generally capable of divergent transcription, the Rpd3S deacetylation complex enforces strong directionality to most promoters by suppressing antisense transcript initiation. Our studies also reveal pervasive polymerase pausing and backtracking throughout the body of transcripts. Average pause density shows prominent peaks at each of the first four nucleosomes, with the peak location occurring in good agreement with in vitro biophysical measurements. Thus, nucleosome-induced pausing represents a major barrier to transcriptional elongation in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880149/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880149/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchman, L Stirling -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 20;469(7330):368-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09652.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/genetics/metabolism ; Nucleotides/*analysis/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/*methods ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Different patterns of peripheral migration by memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Infections localized to peripheral tissues such as the skin result in the priming of T-cell responses that act to control pathogens. Activated T cells undergo migrational imprinting within the draining lymph nodes, resulting in memory T cells that provide local and systemic protection. Combinations of migrating and resident memory T cells have been implicated in long-term peripheral immunity, especially at the surfaces that form pathogen entry points into the body. However, T-cell immunity consists of separate CD4(+) helper T cells and CD8(+) killer T cells, with distinct effector and memory programming requirements. Whether these subsets also differ in their ability to form a migrating pool involved in peripheral immunosurveillance or a separate resident population responsible for local infection control has not been explored. Here, using mice, we show key differences in the migration and tissue localization of memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells following infection of the skin by herpes simplex virus. On resolution of infection, the skin contained two distinct virus-specific memory subsets; a slow-moving population of sequestered CD8(+) T cells that were resident in the epidermis and confined largely to the original site of infection, and a dynamic population of CD4(+) T cells that trafficked rapidly through the dermis as part of a wider recirculation pattern. Unique homing-molecule expression by recirculating CD4(+) T effector-memory cells mirrored their preferential skin-migratory capacity. Overall, these results identify a complexity in memory T-cell migration, illuminating previously unappreciated differences between the CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gebhardt, Thomas -- Whitney, Paul G -- Zaid, Ali -- Mackay, Laura K -- Brooks, Andrew G -- Heath, William R -- Carbone, Francis R -- Mueller, Scott N -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 14;477(7363):216-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10339.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. gebhardt@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology/metabolism ; *Cell Movement ; E-Selectin/metabolism ; Genomic Imprinting ; Herpes Simplex/immunology/virology ; *Immunologic Memory ; Immunologic Surveillance/immunology ; Ligands ; Mice ; P-Selectin/metabolism ; Simplexvirus/immunology ; Skin/cytology/immunology/virology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Coseismic and postseismic slip of the 2011 magnitude-9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-06-17
    Beschreibung: Most large earthquakes occur along an oceanic trench, where an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate. Massive earthquakes with a moment magnitude, M(w), of nine have been known to occur in only a few areas, including Chile, Alaska, Kamchatka and Sumatra. No historical records exist of a M(w) = 9 earthquake along the Japan trench, where the Pacific plate subducts beneath the Okhotsk plate, with the possible exception of the ad 869 Jogan earthquake, the magnitude of which has not been well constrained. However, the strain accumulation rate estimated there from recent geodetic observations is much higher than the average strain rate released in previous interplate earthquakes. This finding raises the question of how such areas release the accumulated strain. A megathrust earthquake with M(w) = 9.0 (hereafter referred to as the Tohoku-Oki earthquake) occurred on 11 March 2011, rupturing the plate boundary off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. Here we report the distributions of the coseismic slip and postseismic slip as determined from ground displacement detected using a network based on the Global Positioning System. The coseismic slip area extends approximately 400 km along the Japan trench, matching the area of the pre-seismic locked zone. The afterslip has begun to overlap the coseismic slip area and extends into the surrounding region. In particular, the afterslip area reached a depth of approximately 100 km, with M(w) = 8.3, on 25 March 2011. Because the Tohoku-Oki earthquake released the strain accumulated for several hundred years, the paradox of the strain budget imbalance may be partly resolved. This earthquake reminds us of the potential for M(w) approximately 9 earthquakes to occur along other trench systems, even if no past evidence of such events exists. Therefore, it is imperative that strain accumulation be monitored using a space geodetic technique to assess earthquake potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozawa, Shinzaburo -- Nishimura, Takuya -- Suito, Hisashi -- Kobayashi, Tomokazu -- Tobita, Mikio -- Imakiire, Tetsuro -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;475(7356):373-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0811, Japan. ozawa@gsi.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Animal behaviour: the nexus of sex and violence (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-02-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saper, Clifford B -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):179-81. doi: 10.1038/470179a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aggression/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genes, fos/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Neural Pathways/drug effects/physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Time Factors ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*cytology/drug ; effects/*physiology ; Violence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    On the wings of imagination (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciechanover, Aaron -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):S4. doi: 10.1038/478S4a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Chemistry/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mentors ; *Nobel Prize ; Precision Medicine/methods/trends ; Proteolysis ; Translational Medical Research ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    The circadian molecular clock creates epidermal stem cell heterogeneity (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-11-15
    Beschreibung: Murine epidermal stem cells undergo alternate cycles of dormancy and activation, fuelling tissue renewal. However, only a subset of stem cells becomes active during each round of morphogenesis, indicating that stem cells coexist in heterogeneous responsive states. Using a circadian-clock reporter-mouse model, here we show that the dormant hair-follicle stem cell niche contains coexisting populations of cells at opposite phases of the clock, which are differentially predisposed to respond to homeostatic cues. The core clock protein Bmal1 modulates the expression of stem cell regulatory genes in an oscillatory manner, to create populations that are either predisposed, or less prone, to activation. Disrupting this clock equilibrium, through deletion of Bmal1 (also known as Arntl) or Per1/2, resulted in a progressive accumulation or depletion of dormant stem cells, respectively. Stem cell arrhythmia also led to premature epidermal ageing, and a reduction in the development of squamous tumours. Our results indicate that the circadian clock fine-tunes the temporal behaviour of epidermal stem cells, and that its perturbation affects homeostasis and the predisposition to tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janich, Peggy -- Pascual, Gloria -- Merlos-Suarez, Anna -- Batlle, Eduard -- Ripperger, Jurgen -- Albrecht, Urs -- Cheng, Hai-Ying M -- Obrietan, Karl -- Di Croce, Luciano -- Benitah, Salvador Aznar -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 9;480(7376):209-14. doi: 10.1038/nature10649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomic Regulation and UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics/pathology ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Circadian Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Hair Follicle/*cytology ; Homeostasis/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Skin Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Low strength of deep San Andreas fault gouge from SAFOD core (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-29
    Beschreibung: The San Andreas fault accommodates 28-34 mm yr(-1) of right lateral motion of the Pacific crustal plate northwestward past the North American plate. In California, the fault is composed of two distinct locked segments that have produced great earthquakes in historical times, separated by a 150-km-long creeping zone. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a scientific borehole located northwest of Parkfield, California, near the southern end of the creeping zone. Core was recovered from across the actively deforming San Andreas fault at a vertical depth of 2.7 km (ref. 1). Here we report laboratory strength measurements of these fault core materials at in situ conditions, demonstrating that at this locality and this depth the San Andreas fault is profoundly weak (coefficient of friction, 0.15) owing to the presence of the smectite clay mineral saponite, which is one of the weakest phyllosilicates known. This Mg-rich clay is the low-temperature product of metasomatic reactions between the quartzofeldspathic wall rocks and serpentinite blocks in the fault. These findings provide strong evidence that deformation of the mechanically unusual creeping portions of the San Andreas fault system is controlled by the presence of weak minerals rather than by high fluid pressure or other proposed mechanisms. The combination of these measurements of fault core strength with borehole observations yields a self-consistent picture of the stress state of the San Andreas fault at the SAFOD site, in which the fault is intrinsically weak in an otherwise strong crust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lockner, David A -- Morrow, Carolyn -- Moore, Diane -- Hickman, Stephen -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):82-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09927. Epub 2011 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. dlockner@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21441903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Canadian forest deal at risk (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-04-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 31;471(7340):560. doi: 10.1038/471560a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21455149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Canada/ethnology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*trends ; Ecosystem ; Forestry/economics/*trends ; Humans ; Population Groups ; Reindeer/physiology ; Risk ; *Trees ; *Wilderness ; Wood
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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