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  • 1
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    Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacFadden -- Solounias -- Cerling -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):824-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. Department of Geology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Stable Isotopic Evidence for a Pedogenic Origin of Carbonates in Trench 14 near Yucca Mountain, Nevada (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-14
    Description: Layered carbonate and silica encrust fault fractures exposed in Trench 14 near Yucca Mountain, site of the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository in southern Nevada. Comparison of the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fracture carbonates with those of modern soil carbonates in the area shows that the fracture carbonates are pedogenic in origin and that they likely formed in the presence of vegetation and rainfall typical of a glacial climate. Their isotopic composition differs markedly from that of carbonate associated with nearby springs. The regional water table therefore remained below the level of Trench 14 during the time that the carbonates and silica precipitated, a period probably covering parts of at least the last 300,000 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quade, J -- Cerling, T E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17818282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Seasonal bias in soil carbonate formation and its implications for interpreting high‐resolution paleoarchives: evidence from southern Utah (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: ABSTRACT Pedogenic carbonate is commonly used as a paleoarchive, but its interpretation is limited by our understanding of its formation conditions. We investigated laminated soil carbonate rinds as a high‐resolution paleoarchive in Torrey, Utah, United States by characterizing and modeling their formation conditions. We compared late Holocene (〈5 ka) soil carbonate conventional (C and O) and “clumped” isotopes to modern soil environment and isotope measurements: soil CO2 partial pressure, soil temperature, soil moisture, δ13C‐soil CO2, δ18O‐precipitation and δ18O‐soil water. Data unambiguously identified a strong summer seasonality bias, but modeling suggested soil carbonate formed several times throughout the year during infiltration events causing dissolution‐formation reactions. This apparent discrepancy resulted from preferential preservation of calcite formed from the largest annual infiltration events (summer) overprinting previously formed calcite. Soil carbonate therefore formed predominantly due to changes in soil water content. As soil CO2 was at its annual maximum during soil carbonate formation, assuming uniformly low soil CO2 formation conditions for soil carbonate in estimating paleoatmospheric CO2 is likely not viable. Additionally, we showed modern summer δ13C‐soil CO2 and soil CO2 measurements could not produce a modeled δ13C‐soil carbonate consistent with late Holocene observations. We suggest using multiple lines of evidence to identify non‐analogous modern conditions. Finally, a nearly linear radiocarbon age model from a laminated rind showed that rinds can be used as a high‐resolution paleoarchive if samples are from a single depth and the timing and conditions of soil carbonate formation can be constrained through time.
    Print ISSN: 2169-8953
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8961
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Isotopic evidence for dietary variability in the early hominin Paranthropus robustus (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Traditional methods of dietary reconstruction do not allow the investigation of dietary variability within the lifetimes of individual hominins. However, laser ablation stable isotope analysis reveals that the delta13C values of Paranthropus robustus individuals often changed seasonally and interannually. These data suggest that Paranthropus was not a dietary specialist and that by about 1.8 million years ago, savanna-based foods such as grasses or sedges or animals eating these foods made up an important but highly variable part of its diet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sponheimer, Matt -- Passey, Benjamin H -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Guatelli-Steinberg, Debbie -- Cerling, Thure E -- Lee-Thorp, Julia A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; Climate ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry ; *Diet ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Lasers ; *Paleodontology ; Plants ; Poaceae ; Rain ; Seasons ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6 million years (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: The role of African savannahs in the evolution of early hominins has been debated for nearly a century. Resolution of this issue has been hindered by difficulty in quantifying the fraction of woody cover in the fossil record. Here we show that the fraction of woody cover in tropical ecosystems can be quantified using stable carbon isotopes in soils. Furthermore, we use fossil soils from hominin sites in the Awash and Omo-Turkana basins in eastern Africa to reconstruct the fraction of woody cover since the Late Miocene epoch (about 7 million years ago). (13)C/(12)C ratio data from 1,300 palaeosols at or adjacent to hominin sites dating to at least 6 million years ago show that woody cover was predominantly less than approximately 40% at most sites. These data point to the prevalence of open environments at the majority of hominin fossil sites in eastern Africa over the past 6 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerling, Thure E -- Wynn, Jonathan G -- Andanje, Samuel A -- Bird, Michael I -- Korir, David Kimutai -- Levin, Naomi E -- Mace, William -- Macharia, Anthony N -- Quade, Jay -- Remien, Christopher H -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):51-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. thure.cerling@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Calibration ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Gait/physiology ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Paleontology ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Soil/chemistry ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Wilderness ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Comment on the paleoenvironment of Ardipithecus ramidus (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: White and colleagues (Research Articles, 2 October 2009, pp. 65-67 and www.sciencemag.org/ardipithecus) characterized the paleoenvironment of Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis, Ethiopia, which they described as containing habitats ranging from woodland to forest patches. In contrast, we find the environmental context of Ar. ramidus at Aramis to be represented by what is commonly referred to as tree- or bush-savanna, with 25% or less woody canopy cover.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerling, Thure E -- Levin, Naomi E -- Quade, Jay -- Wynn, Jonathan G -- Fox, David L -- Kingston, John D -- Klein, Richard G -- Brown, Francis H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1105; author reply 1105. doi: 10.1126/science.1185274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. thure.cerling@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biomass ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carbonates ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; Geography ; *Hominidae ; Mammals ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Plants ; Poaceae ; Temperature ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and relationship of radionuclides to streambed gravels in a small watershed (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 4 (1982), S. 99-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In White Oak Creek watershed in eastern Tennessee, the radionuclides60Co,90Sr, and137Cs were retained by streambed gravels on different sites:60Co was associated with manganese in the hydrous oxide coatings on rocks and minerals;90Sr occurred primarily as an exchangeable cation although small amounts were held in a nonexchangeable form; and137Cs was held very selectively, presumably by illite in shale fragments composing the sediment. The distribution of radionuclides on sediments was size dependent: the 0.85–3.35 mm fine-gravel fraction was higher in radionuclide concentration than the sand fraction. An areal survey of radionuclide concentrations on streambed gravels from throughout the watershed, located numerous contamination sources. These radionuclide concentrations, when combined with both distribution coefficients of radionuclides between gravel and water and drainage area, were used to rank subsections of the watershed by their relative contribution to the overall contamination of the watershed. For90Sr, this ranking procedure agreed with the measured discharges of subsections of the watershed which are routinely monitored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02415764
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geomorphology and In-Situ Cosmogenic Isotopes (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 22 (1994), S. 273-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.22.050194.001421
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion and emergence of C4 plants (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 112-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Morgan et al.1 have provided additional evidence for our hypothesis2 that there was a global expansion of C4 ecosystems between 7 and 5 million years (Myr) ago. They point out that their data "do not support previous suggestions of a restricted global date of C4 emergence associated with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371112a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KBS Tuff dating and geochronology of tuffaceous sediments in the Koobi Fora and Shungura Formations, East Africa (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 283 (1980), S. 368-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although isotope dates for most of these tuffaceous horizons have been stratigraphically and palaeontologically consistent, some have remained uncertain. Of these, the KBS Tuff of the Koobi Fora Formation has been the most controversial, particularly because of its importance in placing an upper ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/283368a0
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