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  • Female  (874)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (874)
  • Oxford University Press
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2000-2004  (874)
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Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (874)
  • Oxford University Press
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Springer  (2)
Years
Year
  • 101
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guzelian, Philip S -- Guzelian, Christopher P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; *Decision Making ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; *Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, David P -- Blower, Sally M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; *Condoms ; Female ; HIV/*drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hajkova, Petra -- Surani, M Azim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):633-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/physiology ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Homeobox ; Genomic Imprinting ; Histones/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Placenta/*physiology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nass, Sharyl J -- Strauss, Jerome F 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1769-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Contraception ; *Contraceptive Agents ; Female ; Foundations ; Humans ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Doping in Sports ; Female ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; *Sports ; Technology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, David L -- Gibbs, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):619-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and the Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. nelson@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic ; Skull/abnormalities ; *Trisomy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: We report a draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori), covering 90.9% of all known silkworm genes. Our estimated gene count is 18,510, which exceeds the 13,379 genes reported for Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative analyses to fruitfly, mosquito, spider, and butterfly reveal both similarities and differences in gene content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Lu, Cheng -- Cheng, Daojun -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Bin -- Zhao, Ping -- Zha, Xingfu -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Chai, Chunli -- Pan, Guoqing -- Xu, Jinshan -- Liu, Chun -- Lin, Ying -- Qian, Jifeng -- Hou, Yong -- Wu, Zhengli -- Li, Guanrong -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Chunfeng -- Shen, Yihong -- Lan, Xiqian -- Yuan, Lianwei -- Li, Tian -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yang, Guangwei -- Wan, Yongji -- Zhu, Yong -- Yu, Maode -- Shen, Weide -- Wu, Dayang -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Yu, Jun -- Wang, Jun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Shi, Jianping -- Li, Heng -- Li, Guangyuan -- Su, Jianning -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Li, Guoqing -- Zhang, Zengjin -- Wu, Qingfa -- Li, Jun -- Zhang, Qingpeng -- Wei, Ning -- Xu, Jianzhe -- Sun, Haibo -- Dong, Le -- Liu, Dongyuan -- Zhao, Shengli -- Zhao, Xiaolan -- Meng, Qingshun -- Lan, Fengdi -- Huang, Xiangang -- Li, Yuanzhe -- Fang, Lin -- Li, Changfeng -- Li, Dawei -- Sun, Yongqiao -- Zhang, Zhenpeng -- Yang, Zheng -- Huang, Yanqing -- Xi, Yan -- Qi, Qiuhui -- He, Dandan -- Huang, Haiyan -- Zhang, Xiaowei -- Wang, Zhiqiang -- Li, Wenjie -- Cao, Yuzhu -- Yu, Yingpu -- Yu, Hong -- Li, Jinhong -- Ye, Jiehua -- Chen, Huan -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Bin -- Wang, Jing -- Ye, Jia -- Ji, Hai -- Li, Shengting -- Ni, Peixiang -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Zhang, Yong -- Zheng, Hongkun -- Mao, Bingyu -- Wang, Wen -- Ye, Chen -- Li, Songgang -- Wang, Jian -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Yang, Huanming -- Biology Analysis Group -- 1 P50 HG02351/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing Beibei, 400716, China. xiaqy@swau.cq.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Bombyx/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Butterflies/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Insect Hormones/genetics ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spiders/genetics ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: Analysis of developmental plasticity of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) is complicated by the possibility of cell-cell fusion. Here we demonstrate that epithelial cells can develop from BMDCs without cell-cell fusion. We use the Cre/lox system together with beta-galactosidase and enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in transgenic mice to identify epithelial cells in the lung, liver, and skin that develop from BMDCs without cell fusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Robert G -- Herzog, Erica L -- Bruscia, Emanuela M -- Grove, Joanna E -- Van Arnam, John S -- Krause, Diane S -- DK61846/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL073742/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL63357/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32-HL07778/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):90-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*physiology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Fusion ; Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins/pharmacology ; Elapid Venoms/pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Hepatocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Keratins/analysis ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Cells/cytology ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinases/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2004-12-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easton, Douglas F -- Hopper, John L -- Thomas, Duncan C -- Antoniou, Antonis -- Pharoah, Paul D P -- Whittemore, Alice S -- Haile, Robert W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2187-91; author reply 2187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Penetrance ; Risk ; Selection Bias
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 110
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/history ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Disaster Planning ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Fluoride Poisoning/etiology/*history/veterinary ; History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Mortality ; Pelvic Bones/pathology ; Volcanic Eruptions/adverse effects/*history ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, Edward H -- Seeley, Janet A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Female ; Fisheries ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/transmission ; Humans ; Male ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Sexual Partners ; *Transients and Migrants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: We describe a new genus, Osedax, and two new species of annelids with females that consume the bones of dead whales via ramifying roots. Molecular and morphological evidence revealed that Osedax belongs to the Siboglinidae, which includes pogonophoran and vestimentiferan worms from deep-sea vents, seeps, and anoxic basins. Osedax has skewed sex ratios with numerous dwarf (paedomorphic) males that live in the tubes of females. DNA sequences reveal that the two Osedax species diverged about 42 million years ago and currently maintain large populations ranging from 10(5) to 10(6) adult females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rouse, G W -- Goffredi, S K -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):668-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Polychaeta/anatomy & histology/*classification/microbiology/*physiology ; Population Density ; Seawater ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Symbiosis ; Terminology as Topic ; Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 113
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Kevin V -- Brodie, Edmund D Jr -- Brodie, Edmund D 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Male ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Songbirds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: It is generally accepted that paternally imprinted X inactivation occurs exclusively in extraembryonic lineages of mouse embryos, whereas cells of the embryo proper, derived from the inner cell mass (ICM), undergo only random X inactivation. Here we show that imprinted X inactivation, in fact, occurs in all cells of early embryos and that the paternal X is then selectively reactivated in cells allocated to the ICM. This contrasts with more differentiated cell types where X inactivation is highly stable and generally irreversible. Our observations illustrate that an important component of genome plasticity in early development is the capacity to reverse heritable gene silencing decisions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mak, Winifred -- Nesterova, Tatyana B -- de Napoles, Mariana -- Appanah, Ruth -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- Otte, Arie P -- Brockdorff, Neil -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉X inactivation group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, ICSM, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/physiology ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genomic Imprinting ; Histones/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Morula/physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 115
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chien, Kenneth R -- Moretti, Alessandra -- Laugwitz, Karl-Ludwig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):239-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. kchien@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology/*therapy ; Heart Diseases/therapy ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics/physiology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pericardium/embryology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wnt Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Toward the end of the breeding season, migratory songbirds face crucial tradeoffs between the timing of reproduction, molt, and migration. Using stable hydrogen isotopes, we show that male American redstarts investing in high levels of reproduction late in the season adopt a unique strategy of combining molt and migration. Tail feathers molted during migration also reflect less orange-red light, indicating reduced carotenoid concentration. Thus, we show how reproduction in a migratory animal can influence both life history strategies (location of molt) and social signals (feather color) during subsequent periods of the annual cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norris, D Ryan -- Marra, Peter P -- Montgomerie, Robert -- Kyser, T Kurt -- Ratcliffe, Laurene M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. ryann@biology.queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Breeding ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry ; Female ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; *Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 117
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Darwinian dynamics based on mutation and selection form the core of mathematical models for adaptation and coevolution of biological populations. The evolutionary outcome is often not a fitness-maximizing equilibrium but can include oscillations and chaos. For studying frequency-dependent selection, game-theoretic arguments are more appropriate than optimization algorithms. Replicator and adaptive dynamics describe short- and long-term evolution in phenotype space and have found applications ranging from animal behavior and ecology to speciation, macroevolution, and human language. Evolutionary game theory is an essential component of a mathematical and computational approach to biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, Martin A -- Sigmund, Karl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):793-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Mathematics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 1 Brattle Square, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. martin_nowak@harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Algorithms ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, to silence its lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase, and allene oxide synthase genes in order to inhibit oxylipin signaling, known to mediate the plant's direct and indirect defenses. When planted into native habitats, lipoxygenase-deficient plants were more vulnerable to N. attenuata's adapted herbivores but also attracted novel herbivore species, which fed and reproduced successfully. In addition to highlighting the value of genetically silencing plants to study ecological interactions in nature, these results show that lipoxygenase-dependent signaling determines host selection for opportunistic herbivores and that induced defenses influence herbivore community composition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, Andre -- Halitschke, Rayko -- Baldwin, Ian T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):665-8. Epub 2004 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, Jena 07745, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Beetles/physiology ; Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; Hemiptera/physiology ; Hexobarbital/metabolism ; Insects/*physiology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipoxygenase/genetics/*metabolism ; Manduca/physiology ; Nicotine/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oviposition ; Oxylipins ; Signal Transduction ; Terpenes/metabolism ; Tobacco/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: Hematopoietic stem cell homing and engraftment are crucial to transplantation efficiency, and clinical engraftment is severely compromised when donor-cell numbers are limiting. The peptidase CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV) removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of proteins. We present evidence that endogenous CD26 expression on donor cells negatively regulates homing and engraftment. By inhibition or deletion of CD26, it was possible to increase greatly the efficiency of transplantation. These results suggest that hematopoietic stem cell engraftment is not absolute, as previously suggested, and indicate that improvement of bone marrow transplant efficiency may be possible in the clinic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christopherson, Kent W 2nd -- Hangoc, Giao -- Mantel, Charlie R -- Broxmeyer, Hal E -- R01 DK53674/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL56416/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL67384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK07519/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1000-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Survival ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology ; Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/*physiology ; Female ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: The extent to which large duplications and deletions contribute to human genetic variation and diversity is unknown. Here, we show that large-scale copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) (about 100 kilobases and greater) contribute substantially to genomic variation between normal humans. Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis of 20 individuals revealed a total of 221 copy number differences representing 76 unique CNPs. On average, individuals differed by 11 CNPs, and the average length of a CNP interval was 465 kilobases. We observed copy number variation of 70 different genes within CNP intervals, including genes involved in neurological function, regulation of cell growth, regulation of metabolism, and several genes known to be associated with disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sebat, Jonathan -- Lakshmi, B -- Troge, Jennifer -- Alexander, Joan -- Young, Janet -- Lundin, Par -- Maner, Susanne -- Massa, Hillary -- Walker, Megan -- Chi, Maoyen -- Navin, Nicholas -- Lucito, Robert -- Healy, John -- Hicks, James -- Ye, Kenny -- Reiner, Andrew -- Gilliam, T Conrad -- Trask, Barbara -- Patterson, Nick -- Zetterberg, Anders -- Wigler, Michael -- 5T32 CA069311/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA078544/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA81674/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DC004209/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- GM057070/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG02606/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII/metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Genetic
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  • 121
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bioethical Issues ; Blastocyst ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/physiology ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/physiology ; Parthenogenesis ; Patents as Topic ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Embryo Creation ; Stem Cell Transplantation
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinib-insensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paez, J Guillermo -- Janne, Pasi A -- Lee, Jeffrey C -- Tracy, Sean -- Greulich, Heidi -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Herman, Paula -- Kaye, Frederic J -- Lindeman, Neal -- Boggon, Titus J -- Naoki, Katsuhiko -- Sasaki, Hidefumi -- Fujii, Yoshitaka -- Eck, Michael J -- Sellers, William R -- Johnson, Bruce E -- Meyerson, Matthew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1497-500. Epub 2004 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; *Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Japan ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinazolines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
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  • 123
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1420-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alendronate/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/*physiology ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Estrenes/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Etidronic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Osteoclasts/physiology ; Osteoporosis/*drug therapy/*physiopathology/prevention & control ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology/therapeutic use ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; RANK Ligand ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Risedronate Sodium ; Signal Transduction ; Teriparatide/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Vitamin D/administration & dosage/physiology
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  • 124
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1430-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Blood Donors ; China/epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Forecasting ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Harm Reduction ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Prostitution ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The near-ubiquity of sexual reproduction in animal species has long been considered a paradox because sexually reproducing individuals transmit only half of their genome to their progeny. Here, we show that the ant Cataglyphis cursor circumvents this cost by using alternative modes of reproduction for the production of reproductive and nonreproductive offspring. New queens are almost exclusively produced by parthenogenesis, whereas workers are produced by normal sexual reproduction. By selectively using sex for somatic growth and parthenogenesis for germline production, C. cursor has taken advantage of the ant caste system to benefit from the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearcy, Morgan -- Aron, Serge -- Doums, Claudie -- Keller, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1780-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, CP 160/12, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Ants/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Haploidy ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior
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  • 126
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):513.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Male ; *Marriage ; *Prejudice ; *Women ; Women's Rights
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  • 127
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krieger, Kim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):636-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Clothing ; Female ; Friction ; Humans ; Male ; Pressure ; Sharks/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Swimming
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Heritable variation in complex traits is generally considered to be conferred by common DNA sequence polymorphisms. We tested whether rare DNA sequence variants collectively contribute to variation in plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). We sequenced three candidate genes (ABCA1, APOA1, and LCAT) that cause Mendelian forms of low HDL-C levels in individuals from a population-based study. Nonsynonymous sequence variants were significantly more common (16% versus 2%) in individuals with low HDL-C (〈fifth percentile) than in those with high HDL-C (〉95th percentile). Similar findings were obtained in an independent population, and biochemical studies indicated that most sequence variants in the low HDL-C group were functionally important. Thus, rare alleles with major phenotypic effects contribute significantly to low plasma HDL-C levels in the general population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jonathan C -- Kiss, Robert S -- Pertsemlidis, Alexander -- Marcel, Yves L -- McPherson, Ruth -- Hobbs, Helen H -- HL53917/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UO1-HL66880/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):869-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center and McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Aged ; *Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Apolipoprotein A-I/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: Susceptibility to asthma depends on variation at an unknown number of genetic loci. To identify susceptibility genes on chromosome 7p, we adopted a hierarchical genotyping design, leading to the identification of a 133-kilobase risk-conferring segment containing two genes. One of these coded for an orphan G protein-coupled receptor named GPRA (G protein-coupled receptor for asthma susceptibility), which showed distinct distribution of protein isoforms between bronchial biopsies from healthy and asthmatic individuals. In three cohorts from Finland and Canada, single nucleotide polymorphism-tagged haplotypes associated with high serum immunoglobulin E or asthma. The murine ortholog of GPRA was up-regulated in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced inflammation. Together, these data implicate GPRA in the pathogenesis of atopy and asthma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laitinen, Tarja -- Polvi, Anne -- Rydman, Pia -- Vendelin, Johanna -- Pulkkinen, Ville -- Salmikangas, Paula -- Makela, Siru -- Rehn, Marko -- Pirskanen, Asta -- Rautanen, Anna -- Zucchelli, Marco -- Gullsten, Harriet -- Leino, Marina -- Alenius, Harri -- Petays, Tuula -- Haahtela, Tari -- Laitinen, Annika -- Laprise, Catherine -- Hudson, Thomas J -- Laitinen, Lauri A -- Kere, Juha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):300-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GeneOS Limited, 00251 Helsinki, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Asthma/*genetics/metabolism ; Bronchi/chemistry/cytology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/*genetics ; Epithelial Cells/chemistry ; Female ; Finland ; Gene Expression ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/genetics/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Inflammation/genetics ; Lung/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/chemistry ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quebec ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/analysis/*genetics
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The nature and scale of recombination rate variation are largely unknown for most species. In humans, pedigree analysis has documented variation at the chromosomal level, and sperm studies have identified specific hotspots in which crossing-over events cluster. To address whether this picture is representative of the genome as a whole, we have developed and validated a method for estimating recombination rates from patterns of genetic variation. From extensive single-nucleotide polymorphism surveys in European and African populations, we find evidence for extreme local rate variation spanning four orders in magnitude, in which 50% of all recombination events take place in less than 10% of the sequence. We demonstrate that recombination hotspots are a ubiquitous feature of the human genome, occurring on average every 200 kilobases or less, but recombination occurs preferentially outside genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McVean, Gilean A T -- Myers, Simon R -- Hunt, Sarah -- Deloukas, Panos -- Bentley, David R -- Donnelly, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):581-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK. mcvean@stats.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Base Composition ; Bayes Theorem ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Computational Biology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Monte Carlo Method ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results
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  • 131
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/blood ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Immunization, Secondary ; Male ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; *Vaccines, Contraceptive
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):632-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anabolic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analysis/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Doping in Sports ; Erythropoietin/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analysis/pharmacology ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Human Growth Hormone/administration & dosage/analysis/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Myostatin ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/analysis/pharmacology ; *Sports ; Steroids/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analysis/pharmacology ; *Substance Abuse Detection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/deficiency/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardner, Andy -- West, Stuart A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1413-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. andy.gardner@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Competitive Behavior ; Female ; Larva/growth & development ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Wasps/genetics/growth & development/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):937-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blastocyst/*cytology/physiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism/methods ; Culture Media ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Parthenogenesis ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Inherited defects in signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor have long been suggested to contribute to human type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we describe a mutation in the gene encoding the protein kinase AKT2/PKBbeta in a family that shows autosomal dominant inheritance of severe insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Expression of the mutant kinase in cultured cells disrupted insulin signaling to metabolic end points and inhibited the function of coexpressed, wild-type AKT. These findings demonstrate the central importance of AKT signaling to insulin sensitivity in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258004/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258004/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, Stella -- Rochford, Justin J -- Wolfrum, Christian -- Gray, Sarah L -- Schinner, Sven -- Wilson, Jenny C -- Soos, Maria A -- Murgatroyd, Peter R -- Williams, Rachel M -- Acerini, Carlo L -- Dunger, David B -- Barford, David -- Umpleby, A Margot -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Davies, Huw Alban -- Schafer, Alan J -- Stoffel, Markus -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Barroso, Ines -- 078986/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1325-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adipocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism/genetics/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1593.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Cell Death ; Cell Division ; Female ; Fertility/drug effects ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Oogenesis ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Ovary/*cytology/physiology/transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) have been proposed as a simple and powerful way to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting developmental, physiological, and behavioral processes. Here, we report the construction of a complete CSS panel for a vertebrate species. The CSS panel consists of 22 mouse strains, each of which carries a single chromosome substituted from a donor strain (A/J) onto a common host background (C57BL/6J). A survey of 53 traits revealed evidence for 150 QTLs affecting serum levels of sterols and amino acids, diet-induced obesity, and anxiety. These results demonstrate that CSSs greatly facilitate the detection and identification of genes that control the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenotypic variation in the A/J and C57BL/6J inbred strains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, Jonathan B -- Hill, Annie E -- Burrage, Lindsay C -- Olszens, Keith R -- Song, Junghan -- Justice, Monica -- O'Brien, William E -- Conti, David V -- Witte, John S -- Lander, Eric S -- Nadeau, Joseph H -- GM07250/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD07518/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR12305/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):445-8. Epub 2004 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/blood ; Animals ; Anxiety/genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Obesity/genetics/physiopathology ; Phenotype ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Sterols/blood ; Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: Otoacoustic emissions or OAEs (reflections of cochlear energy produced during the processing of sound) were measured in response to two types of stimuli, rapid clicks and sustained tones, in each ear of neonates. OAEs were larger to tones when elicited in the left ear and to clicks when elicited in the right. This finding is similar to those of enhanced processing of tones in right auditory cortical areas and of rapid stimuli on the left, given strong crossed connections from ear to brain. These findings indicate that processing at the level of the ear may facilitate lateralization of auditory function in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sininger, Y S -- Cone-Wesson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1581.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, 62-132 Center for Health Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA. ysininger@mednet.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Analysis of Variance ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory Perception ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Hearing/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Reduced activity of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway increases life-span in diverse organisms. We investigated the timing of the effect of reduced IIS on life-span and the role of a potential target tissue, the fat body. We overexpressed dFOXO, a downstream effector of IIS, in the adult Drosophila fat body, which increased life-span and reduced fecundity of females but had no effect on male life-span. The role of FOXO transcription factors and the adipose tissue are therefore evolutionarily conserved in the regulation of aging, and reduction of IIS in the adult is sufficient to mediate its effects on life-span and fecundity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giannakou, Maria E -- Goss, Martin -- Junger, Martin A -- Hafen, Ernst -- Leevers, Sally J -- Partridge, Linda -- SF19106/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):361. Epub 2004 Jun 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Fat Body/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertility ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression ; *Longevity ; Male ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):818-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Grooming ; Male ; *Mass Behavior ; Object Attachment ; *Pan troglodytes ; Uganda
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  • 142
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabb, Charlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1670-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Accidents, Occupational ; Antidotes/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; *Chemical Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cohort Studies ; *Disasters ; Female ; Gas Poisoning/*complications ; Hospitals ; Humans ; India ; Isocyanates/*poisoning ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/epidemiology ; Publishing ; Pulmonary Surfactants/analysis ; Thiosulfates/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Despite much progress in understanding how extrinsic signaling regulates stem cell self-renewal, little is known about how cell-autonomous gene regulation controls this process. In Drosophila ovaries, germline stem cells (GSCs) divide asymmetrically to produce daughter GSCs and cystoblasts, the latter of which develop into germline cysts. Here, we show that removing the translational repressor Nanos from either GSCs or their precursors, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), causes both cell types to differentiate into germline cysts. Thus, Nanos is essential for both establishing and maintaining GSCs by preventing their precocious entry into oogenesis. These functions are likely achieved by repressing the translation of differentiation factors in PGCs and GSCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Zhong -- Lin, Haifan -- HD33760/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2016-9. Epub 2004 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Drosophila/*cytology/embryology/genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Larva/cytology/growth & development ; Male ; Mutation ; Oocytes/cytology/physiology ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/cytology/embryology/growth & development ; Phenotype ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Transgenes
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  • 144
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-21
    Description: Members of the Piraha tribe use a "one-two-many" system of counting. I ask whether speakers of this innumerate language can appreciate larger numerosities without the benefit of words to encode them. This addresses the classic Whorfian question about whether language can determine thought. Results of numerical tasks with varying cognitive demands show that numerical cognition is clearly affected by the lack of a counting system in the language. Performance with quantities greater than three was remarkably poor, but showed a constant coefficient of variation, which is suggestive of an analog estimation process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):496-9. Epub 2004 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA. pgordon@tc.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15319490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brazil ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Language ; Linguistics ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Thinking ; *Vocabulary
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: Urban and industrial air pollution can cause elevated heritable mutation rates in birds and rodents. The relative importance of airborne particulate matter versus gas-phase substances in causing these genetic effects under ambient conditions has been unclear. Here we show that high-efficiency particulate-air (HEPA) filtration of ambient air significantly reduced heritable mutation rates at repetitive DNA loci in laboratory mice housed outdoors near a major highway and two integrated steel mills. These findings implicate exposure to airborne particulate matter as a principal factor contributing to elevated mutation rates in sentinel mice and add to accumulating evidence that air pollution may pose genetic risks to humans and wildlife.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somers, Christopher M -- McCarry, Brian E -- Malek, Farideh -- Quinn, James S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):1008-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Animals ; Fathers ; Female ; Filtration/instrumentation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Industry ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mutagens/*toxicity ; Ontario ; Particle Size ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/toxicity ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/drug effects/physiology ; Steel ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: The amygdala was more responsive to fearful (larger) eye whites than to happy (smaller) eye whites presented in a masking paradigm that mitigated subjects' awareness of their presence and aberrant nature. These data demonstrate that the amygdala is responsive to elements of.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, Paul J -- Kagan, Jerome -- Cook, Robert G -- Davis, F Caroline -- Kim, Hackjin -- Polis, Sara -- McLaren, Donald G -- Somerville, Leah H -- McLean, Ashly A -- Maxwell, Jeffrey S -- Johnstone, Tom -- 01866/PHS HHS/ -- 069315/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, W. M. Keck Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. pwhalen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; *Facial Expression ; *Fear ; Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Perceptual Masking ; *Sclera
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rauser, Casandra L -- Mueller, Laurence D -- Rose, Michael R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1610-2; author reply 1610-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caloric Restriction ; *Diet ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Reproduction ; Starvation ; Time Factors
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Although the sentences that we hear or read have meaning, this does not necessarily mean that they are also true. Relatively little is known about the critical brain structures for, and the relative time course of, establishing the meaning and truth of linguistic expressions. We present electroencephalogram data that show the rapid parallel integration of both semantic and world knowledge during the interpretation of a sentence. Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the left inferior prefrontal cortex is involved in the integration of both meaning and world knowledge. Finally, oscillatory brain responses indicate that the brain keeps a record of what makes a sentence hard to interpret.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagoort, Peter -- Hald, Lea -- Bastiaansen, Marcel -- Petersson, Karl Magnus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):438-41. Epub 2004 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. peter.hagoort@fcdonders.kun.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; *Comprehension ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; *Knowledge ; *Language ; *Linguistics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Semantics
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2004-08-28
    Description: Lipid phosphates can act as signaling molecules to influence cell division, apoptosis, and migration. wunen and wunen2 encode Drosophila lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases, integral membrane enzymes that dephosphorylate extracellular lipid phosphates. wun and wun2 act redundantly in somatic tissues to repel migrating germ cells, although the mechanism by which germ cells respond is unclear. Here, we report that wun2 also functions in germ cells, enabling them to perceive the wun/wun2-related signal from the soma. Upon Wun2 expression, cultured insect cells dephosphorylate and internalize exogenously supplied lipid phosphate. We propose that Drosophila germ cell migration and survival are controlled by competition for hydrolysis of a lipid phosphate between germ cells and soma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renault, A D -- Sigal, Y J -- Morris, A J -- Lehmann, R -- GM54388/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD421900 RO1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1963-6. Epub 2004 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Developmental Genetics Program, Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Cell Survival/physiology ; Drosophila/*cytology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Lipid Metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphatidate Phosphatase/genetics/*physiology ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Facing the consequence of a decision we made can trigger emotions like satisfaction, relief, or regret, which reflect our assessment of what was gained as compared to what would have been gained by making a different decision. These emotions are mediated by a cognitive process known as counterfactual thinking. By manipulating a simple gambling task, we characterized a subject's choices in terms of their anticipated and actual emotional impact. Normal subjects reported emotional responses consistent with counterfactual thinking; they chose to minimize future regret and learned from their emotional experience. Patients with orbitofrontal cortical lesions, however, did not report regret or anticipate negative consequences of their choices. The orbitofrontal cortex has a fundamental role in mediating the experience of regret.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Camille, Nathalie -- Coricelli, Giorgio -- Sallet, Jerome -- Pradat-Diehl, Pascale -- Duhamel, Jean-Rene -- Sirigu, Angela -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS, 67, Boulevard Pinel 69675 Bron, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Diseases/physiopathology/psychology ; Choice Behavior ; Decision Making ; *Emotions ; Feedback, Psychological ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Gambling ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; *Thinking
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is the primary circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila. We show that CRY binding to TIMELESS (TIM) is light-dependent in flies and irreversibly commits TIM to proteasomal degradation. In contrast, CRY degradation is dependent on continuous light exposure, indicating that the CRY-TIM interaction is transient. A novel cry mutation (cry(m)) reveals that CRY's photolyase homology domain is sufficient for light detection and phototransduction, whereas the carboxyl-terminal domain regulates CRY stability, CRY-TIM interaction, and circadian photosensitivity. This contrasts with the function of Arabidopsis CRY domains and demonstrates that insect and plant cryptochromes use different mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busza, Ania -- Emery-Le, Myai -- Rosbash, Michael -- Emery, Patrick -- 5 T32 NS07366-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- GM66777-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM33205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS44232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1503-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Darkness ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Male ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: During mammalian cerebral corticogenesis, progenitor cells become progressively restricted in the types of neurons they can produce. The molecular mechanism that determines earlier versus later born neuron fate is unknown. We demonstrate here that the generation of the earliest born neurons, the Cajal-Retzius cells, is suppressed by the telencephalic transcription factor Foxg1. In Foxg1 null mutants, we observed an excess of Cajal-Retzius neuron production in the cortex. By conditionally inactivating Foxg1 in cortical progenitors that normally produce deep-layer cortical neurons, we demonstrate that Foxg1 is constitutively required to suppress Cajal-Retzius cell fate. Hence, the competence to generate the earliest born neurons during later cortical development is actively suppressed but not lost.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanashima, Carina -- Li, Suzanne C -- Shen, Lijian -- Lai, Eseng -- Fishell, Gord -- EY11124/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD29584/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS32993/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS39007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):56-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Genetics Program and the Department of Cell Biology, The Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Doxycycline/pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/*physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Telencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Apoptotic cells expose phosphatidylserine and are swiftly engulfed by macrophages. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor (EGF) factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a protein that binds to apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine and that enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages. We report that tingible body macrophages in the germinal centers of the spleen and lymph nodes strongly express MFG-E8. Many apoptotic lymphocytes were found on the MFG-E8-/- tingible body macrophages, but they were not efficiently engulfed. The MFG-E8-/- mice developed splenomegaly, with the formation of numerous germinal centers, and suffered from glomerulonephritis as a result of autoantibody production. These data demonstrate that MFG-E8 has a critical role in removing apoptotic B cells in the germinal centers and that its failure can lead to autoimmune diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanayama, Rikinari -- Tanaka, Masato -- Miyasaka, Kay -- Aozasa, Katsuyuki -- Koike, Masato -- Uchiyama, Yasuo -- Nagata, Shigekazu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1147-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis ; *Antigens, Surface ; *Apoptosis ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis/blood ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Blotting, Northern ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Germinal Center/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Glomerulonephritis/*immunology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/immunology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; *Milk Proteins ; *Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Spleen/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Splenomegaly/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 154
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):641-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Child ; Female ; Growth ; Gymnastics/*injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; Puberty ; Safety ; Sports Equipment
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  • 155
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alekseyenko, Artyom A -- Kuroda, Mitzi I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1148-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard-Partners Center for Genetics & Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. aalekseyenko@rics.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 156
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):154-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Feed/analysis/toxicity ; Animals ; Diet ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity ; Female ; Fish Products ; *Fisheries ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis/toxicity ; Nutrition Policy ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; *Salmon ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: We used a maskless photolithography method to produce DNA oligonucleotide microarrays with unique probe sequences tiled throughout the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and across predicted splice junctions. RNA expression of protein coding and nonprotein coding sequences was determined for each major stage of the life cycle, including adult males and females. We detected transcriptional activity for 93% of annotated genes and RNA expression for 41% of the probes in intronic and intergenic sequences. Comparison to genome-wide RNA interference data and to gene annotations revealed distinguishable levels of expression for different classes of genes and higher levels of expression for genes with essential cellular functions. Differential splicing was observed in about 40% of predicted genes, and 5440 previously unknown splice forms were detected. Genes within conserved regions of synteny with D. pseudoobscura had highly correlated expression; these regions ranged in length from 10 to 900 kilobase pairs. The expressed intergenic and intronic sequences are more likely to be evolutionarily conserved than nonexpressed ones, and about 15% of them appear to be developmentally regulated. Our results provide a draft expression map for the entire nonrepetitive genome, which reveals a much more extensive and diverse set of expressed sequences than was previously predicted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stolc, Viktor -- Gauhar, Zareen -- Mason, Christopher -- Halasz, Gabor -- van Batenburg, Marinus F -- Rifkin, Scott A -- Hua, Sujun -- Herreman, Tine -- Tongprasit, Waraporn -- Barbano, Paolo Emilio -- Bussemaker, Harmen J -- White, Kevin P -- P20LM007276-01/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- T32GM008224-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):655-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Intergenic ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Introns ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA Splicing ; Synteny ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: Female gender affords relative protection from cardiovascular disease until the menopause. We report that estrogen acts on estrogen receptor subtype alpha to up-regulate the production of atheroprotective prostacyclin, PGI2, by activation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). This mechanism restrained both oxidant stress and platelet activation that contribute to atherogenesis in female mice. Deletion of the PGI2 receptor removed the atheroprotective effect of estrogen in ovariectomized female mice. This suggests that chronic treatment of patients with selective inhibitors of COX-2 could undermine protection from cardiovascular disease in premenopausal females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, Karine M -- Lawson, John A -- Fries, Susanne -- Koller, Beverley -- Rader, Daniel J -- Smyth, Emer M -- Fitzgerald, Garret A -- HL62250/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70128/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1954-7. Epub 2004 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Arteriosclerosis/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Epoprostenol/biosynthesis/metabolism/*physiology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Female ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Lactones/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Ovariectomy ; Oxidative Stress ; Platelet Activation ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, LDL/genetics/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sulfones/adverse effects/pharmacology
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Dietary cholesterol consumption and intestinal cholesterol absorption contribute to plasma cholesterol levels, a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The molecular mechanism of sterol uptake from the lumen of the small intestine is poorly defined. We show that Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1) protein plays a critical role in the absorption of intestinal cholesterol. NPC1L1 expression is enriched in the small intestine and is in the brush border membrane of enterocytes. Although otherwise phenotypically normal, NPC1L1-deficient mice exhibit a substantial reduction in absorbed cholesterol, which is unaffected by dietary supplementation of bile acids. Ezetimibe, a drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption, had no effect in NPC1L1 knockout mice, suggesting that NPC1L1 resides in an ezetimibe-sensitive pathway responsible for intestinal cholesterol absorption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, Scott W -- Davis, Harry R Jr -- Zhu, Li-Ji -- Yao, Xiaorui -- Hoos, Lizbeth M -- Tetzloff, Glen -- Iyer, Sai Prasad N -- Maguire, Maureen -- Golovko, Andrei -- Zeng, Ming -- Wang, Luquan -- Murgolo, Nicholas -- Graziano, Michael P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1201-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiovascular/Endocrine Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033-0539, USA. scott.altmann@spcorp.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology ; Azetidines/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/*metabolism ; Cholic Acid/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Computational Biology ; Enterocytes/*metabolism ; Ezetimibe ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Jejunum/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva is an important paradigm for cell-cell interactions in animal development. The fates of six vulval precursor cells are patterned through the action of the epidermal growth factor receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase (EGFR-MAPK) inductive signaling pathway, which specifies the 1 degrees fate, and the LIN-12/Notch lateral signaling pathway, which specifies the 2 degrees fate. Here, we provide evidence that the inductive signal is spatially graded and initially activates the EGFR-MAPK pathway in the prospective 2 degrees cells. Subsequently, this effect is counteracted by the expression of multiple new negative regulators of the EGFR-MAPK pathway, under direct transcriptional control of the LIN-12-mediated lateral signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoo, Andrew S -- Bais, Carlos -- Greenwald, Iva -- CA095389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):663-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street, Room 720, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; Lac Operon ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vulva/cytology/growth & development/metabolism
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  • 161
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Containment of Biohazards ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratory Infection/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Male ; Quarantine ; *Research Personnel ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: To understand how postmating isolation is connected to the normal process of species divergence and why hybrid male sterility is often the first sign of speciation, we analyzed the Odysseus (OdsH) gene of hybrid male sterility in Drosophila. We carried out expression analysis, transgenic study, and gene knockout. The combined evidence suggests that the sterility phenotype represents a novel manifestation of the gene function rather than the reduction or loss of the normal one. The gene knockout experiment identified the normal function of OdsH as a modest enhancement of sperm production in young males. The implication of a weak effect of OdsH on the normal phenotype but a strong influence on hybrid male sterility is discussed in light of Haldane's rule of postmating isolation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Sha -- Ting, Chau-Ti -- Wu, Chung-I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Phenotype ; Reproduction/genetics ; Spermatogenesis/genetics ; Testis/metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
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  • 163
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoekstra, Hopi E -- Price, Trevor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1779-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. hoekstra@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; Color ; *Feathers ; Female ; Geese/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Gene Frequency ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Melanins/analysis/biosynthesis ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 164
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Behavior ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Pre-Eclampsia/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Selection, Genetic ; United States ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: The "Down syndrome critical region" (DSCR) is a chromosome 21 segment purported to contain genes responsible for many features of Down syndrome (DS), including craniofacial dysmorphology. We used chromosome engineering to create mice that were trisomic or monosomic for only the mouse chromosome segment orthologous to the DSCR and assessed dysmorphologies of the craniofacial skeleton that show direct parallels with DS in mice with a larger segmental trisomy. The DSCR genes were not sufficient and were largely not necessary to produce the facial phenotype. These results refute specific predictions of the prevailing hypothesis of gene action in DS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, L E -- Richtsmeier, J T -- Leszl, J -- Reeves, R H -- F33 DE005706/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HD24605/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD38384/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):687-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mandible/abnormalities ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monosomy ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; Skull/abnormalities ; *Trisomy
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Chitin is a surface component of parasites and insects, and chitinases are induced in lower life forms during infections with these agents. Although chitin itself does not exist in humans, chitinases are present in the human genome. We show here that acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13 (IL-13)-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages in an aeroallergen asthma model and expressed in exaggerated quantities in human asthma. AMCase neutralization ameliorated Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, in part by inhibiting IL-13 pathway activation and chemokine induction. AMCase may thus be an important mediator of IL-13-induced responses in Th2-dominated disorders such as asthma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Zhou -- Zheng, Tao -- Homer, Robert J -- Kim, Yoon-Keun -- Chen, Ning Yuan -- Cohn, Lauren -- Hamid, Qutayba -- Elias, Jack A -- P50-HL-56/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-074095/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-61904/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-64242/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-66571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1678-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S-441, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma/*enzymology/immunology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Chitin/metabolism ; Chitinase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immune Sera ; Interleukin-13/*metabolism ; Interleukins/genetics/metabolism ; Lung/*enzymology/immunology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/enzymology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology ; Up-Regulation
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Serotonergic dysregulation within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, but the precise role of serotonin within the PFC is poorly understood. Using a serial discrimination reversal paradigm, we showed that upon reversal, selective serotonin depletion of the marmoset PFC produced perseverative responding to the previously rewarded stimulus without any significant effects on either retention of a discrimination learned preoperatively or acquisition of a novel discrimination postoperatively. These results highlight the importance of prefrontal serotonin in behavioral flexibility and are highly relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse in which perseveration is prominent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarke, H F -- Dalley, J W -- Crofts, H S -- Robbins, T W -- Roberts, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):878-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; Callithrix ; *Cognition ; *Discrimination Learning ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Motor Cortex/metabolism ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Oxidopamine/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Reward ; Serotonin/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as a means of controlling their activity. We show that genes encoding the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL3 and its human leukocyte antigen C group 1 (HLA-C1) ligand directly influence resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This effect was observed in Caucasians and African Americans with expected low infectious doses of HCV but not in those with high-dose exposure, in whom the innate immune response is likely overwhelmed. The data strongly suggest that inhibitory NK cell interactions are important in determining antiviral immunity and that diminished inhibitory responses confer protection against HCV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khakoo, Salim I -- Thio, Chloe L -- Martin, Maureen P -- Brooks, Collin R -- Gao, Xiaojiang -- Astemborski, Jacquie -- Cheng, Jie -- Goedert, James J -- Vlahov, David -- Hilgartner, Margaret -- Cox, Steven -- Little, Ann-Margeret -- Alexander, Graeme J -- Cramp, Matthew E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Rosenberg, William M C -- Thomas, David L -- Carrington, Mary -- DA00441/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA04334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13324/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CP-01004/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CP-33002/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HD-4-3200/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):872-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liver Group, Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, Southampton University, Southampton 5016 6YD, UK. sik@soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans/genetics ; Alleles ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Female ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Hepacivirus/immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/genetics/*immunology/transmission/virology ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; Male ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, KIR ; Receptors, KIR2DL1 ; Receptors, KIR2DL3 ; Regression Analysis
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  • 169
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1830-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; *Biological Science Disciplines/economics/manpower ; Career Mobility ; Faculty ; Female ; Foreign Professional Personnel ; Humans ; *Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Prejudice ; *Research Personnel ; Retirement ; *Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Societies, Scientific ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: A motor illusion was created to separate human subjects' perception of arm movement from their actual movement during figure drawing. Trajectories constructed from cortical activity recorded in monkeys performing the same task showed that the actual movement was represented in the primary motor cortex, whereas the visualized, presumably perceived, trajectories were found in the ventral premotor cortex. Perception and action representations can be differentially recognized in the brain and may be contained in separate structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, Andrew B -- Moran, Daniel W -- Reina, G Anthony -- R01 NS26375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):380-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. abs21@pitt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Hand ; Humans ; Illusions ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; *Motion Perception ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; *Movement ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Saccades
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):937-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens ; Cause of Death ; Computers ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; *Publishing/legislation & jurisprudence ; Risk Assessment ; *Semiconductors ; Solvents/*toxicity ; United States
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: Explaining the energetics of walking and running has been difficult because the distribution of energy use among individual muscles has not been known. We estimated energy use by measuring blood flow to the hindlimb muscles in guinea fowl. Blood flow to skeletal muscles is controlled locally and varies directly with metabolic rate. We estimate that the swing-phase muscles consume 26% of the energy used by the limbs and the stance-phase muscles consume the remaining 74%, independent of speed. Thus, contrary to some previous suggestions, swinging the limbs requires an appreciable fraction of the energy used during terrestrial legged locomotion. Models integrating the energetics and mechanics of running will benefit from more detailed information on the distribution of energy use by the muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marsh, Richard L -- Ellerby, David J -- Carr, Jennifer A -- Henry, Havalee T -- Buchanan, Cindy I -- AR47337/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):80-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. r.marsh@neu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds/metabolism/*physiology ; Electromyography ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Hindlimb/blood supply/*physiology ; Locomotion/physiology ; Male ; Microspheres ; Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply/metabolism/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Exertion ; Regional Blood Flow ; Running/*physiology ; Thigh ; Walking/*physiology
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  • 173
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2168-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nevirapine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Uganda ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 174
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Cambodia ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; *Organophosphonates ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*therapeutic use ; *Prostitution ; Tenofovir
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Before ovulation in mammals, a cascade of events resembling an inflammatory and/or tissue remodeling process is triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) in the ovarian follicle. Many LH effects, however, are thought to be indirect because of the restricted expression of its receptor. Here, we demonstrate that LH stimulation induces the transient and sequential expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members amphiregulin, epiregulin, and beta-cellulin. Incubation of follicles with these growth factors recapitulates the morphological and biochemical events triggered by LH, including cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. Thus, these EGF-related growth factors are paracrine mediators that propagate the LH signal throughout the follicle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Jy-Young -- Su, You-Qiang -- Ariga, Miyako -- Law, Evelyn -- Jin, S-L Catherine -- Conti, Marco -- HD20788/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD31398/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):682-4. Epub 2004 Jan 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Biology and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphiregulin ; Animals ; Betacellulin ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; EGF Family of Proteins ; Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Epiregulin ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Granulosa Cells/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Luteinizing Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oocytes/physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; Ovulation/*physiology ; Paracrine Communication ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: We report a genome-wide search of Y-linked genes in Drosophila pseudoobscura. All six identifiable orthologs of the D. melanogaster Y-linked genes have autosomal inheritance in D. pseudoobscura. Four orthologs were investigated in detail and proved to be Y-linked in D. guanche and D. bifasciata, which shows that less than 18 million years ago the ancestral Drosophila Y chromosome was translocated to an autosome in the D. pseudoobscura lineage. We found 15 genes and pseudogenes in the current Y of D. pseudoobscura, and none are shared with the D. melanogaster Y. Hence, the Y chromosome in the D. pseudoobscura lineage appears to have arisen de novo and is not homologous to the D. melanogaster Y.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carvalho, Antonio Bernardo -- Clark, Andrew G -- GM64590/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- TW005673/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):108-10. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68011, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. bernardo@biologia.ufrj.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/genetics/physiology ; DNA, Intergenic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome ; Introns ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pseudogenes ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome/genetics/physiology ; Y Chromosome/*genetics/*physiology
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Fat tissue produces a variety of secreted proteins (adipocytokines) with important roles in metabolism. We isolated a newly identified adipocytokine, visfatin, that is highly enriched in the visceral fat of both humans and mice and whose expression level in plasma increases during the development of obesity. Visfatin corresponds to a protein identified previously as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a 52-kilodalton cytokine expressed in lymphocytes. Visfatin exerted insulin-mimetic effects in cultured cells and lowered plasma glucose levels in mice. Mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in the visfatin gene had modestly higher levels of plasma glucose relative to wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor. Further study of visfatin's physiological role may lead to new insights into glucose homeostasis and/or new therapies for metabolic disorders such as diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukuhara, Atsunori -- Matsuda, Morihiro -- Nishizawa, Masako -- Segawa, Katsumori -- Tanaka, Masaki -- Kishimoto, Kae -- Matsuki, Yasushi -- Murakami, Mirei -- Ichisaka, Tomoko -- Murakami, Hiroko -- Watanabe, Eijiro -- Takagi, Toshiyuki -- Akiyoshi, Megumi -- Ohtsubo, Tsuguteru -- Kihara, Shinji -- Yamashita, Shizuya -- Makishima, Makoto -- Funahashi, Tohru -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- Hiramatsu, Ryuji -- Matsuzawa, Yuji -- Shimomura, Iichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):426-30. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Organismal Biosystems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/blood/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Viscera
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Patients with cerebellar damage are known to exhibit deficits in the temporal control of movements. We report that these deficits are restricted to discontinuous movements. Cerebellar patients exhibited no deficit in temporal variability when producing continuous, rhythmic movements. We hypothesize that the temporal properties of continuous movements are emergent and reflect the operation of other control parameters not associated with the cerebellum. In contrast, discontinuous movements require an explicit representation of the temporal goal, a function of the cerebellum. The requirement for explicit temporal representation provides a parsimonious account of cerebellar involvement in a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, Rebecca M C -- Zelaznik, Howard N -- Diedrichsen, Jorn -- Ivry, Richard B -- NS17778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rspencer@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellar Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebellum/physiology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Scamuffa, Nathalie -- Ucla, Catherine -- Kirkness, Ewen -- Rossier, Colette -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1033-5. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Emmanouil.Dermitzakis@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Code ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Time ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafezparast, Majid -- Klocke, Rainer -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Marquardt, Andreas -- Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina -- Bowen, Samantha -- Lalli, Giovanna -- Witherden, Abi S -- Hummerich, Holger -- Nicholson, Sharon -- Morgan, P Jeffrey -- Oozageer, Ravi -- Priestley, John V -- Averill, Sharon -- King, Von R -- Ball, Simon -- Peters, Jo -- Toda, Takashi -- Yamamoto, Ayumu -- Hiraoka, Yasushi -- Augustin, Martin -- Korthaus, Dirk -- Wattler, Sigrid -- Wabnitz, Philipp -- Dickneite, Carmen -- Lampel, Stefan -- Boehme, Florian -- Peraus, Gisela -- Popp, Andreas -- Rudelius, Martina -- Schlegel, Juergen -- Fuchs, Helmut -- Hrabe de Angelis, Martin -- Schiavo, Giampietro -- Shima, David T -- Russ, Andreas P -- Stumm, Gabriele -- Martin, Joanne E -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):808-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/pathology ; Apoptosis ; *Axonal Transport ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/pathology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Lewy Bodies/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Spinal Nerves/growth & development ; Tetanus Toxin/metabolism
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Animal behavior is synchronized to the 24-hour light:dark (LD) cycle by regulatory programs that produce circadian fluctuations in gene expression throughout the body. In mammals, the transcription factor CLOCK controls circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain; its paralog, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), performs a similar function in other forebrain sites. To investigate the role of NPAS2 in behavioral manifestations of circadian rhythm, we studied locomotor activity, sleep patterns, and adaptability to both light- and restricted food-driven entrainment in NPAS2-deficient mice. Our results indicate that NPAS2 plays a substantive role in maintaining circadian behaviors in normal LD and feeding conditions and that NPAS2 is critical for adaptability to food restriction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudley, Carol A -- Erbel-Sieler, Claudia -- Estill, Sandi Jo -- Reick, Martin -- Franken, Paul -- Pitts, SiNae -- McKnight, Steven L -- 37919/PHS HHS/ -- 4R37 MH59388/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T3DK07328/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 64148/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):379-83. Epub 2003 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Body Weight ; CLOCK Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Darkness ; Eating ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Food ; Gene Targeting ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Motor Activity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/physiology ; *Sleep ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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  • 182
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunbar, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1160-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cognition ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Grooming ; Hierarchy, Social ; Language ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Papio/physiology/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Support ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: Captive breeding and release programs, widely used to supplement populations of declining species, minimize juvenile mortality to achieve rapid population growth. However, raising animals in benign environments may promote traits that are adaptive in captivity but maladaptive in nature. In chinook salmon, hatchery rearing relaxes natural selection favoring large eggs, allowing fecundity selection to drive exceptionally rapid evolution of small eggs. Trends toward small eggs are also evident in natural populations heavily supplemented by hatcheries, but not in minimally supplemented populations. Unintentional selection in captivity can lead to rapid changes in critical life-history traits that may reduce the success of supplementation or reintroduction programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heath, Daniel D -- Heath, John W -- Bryden, Colleen A -- Johnson, Rachel M -- Fox, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1738-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada. dheath@uwindsor.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Breeding ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Female ; Fertility ; *Fisheries ; Ovum/*physiology ; Salmon/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 184
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lubick, Naomi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Mutation ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/genetics
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  • 185
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: It is well known that hunting dramatically reduced all baleen whale populations, yet reliable estimates of former whale abundances are elusive. Based on coalescent models for mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, the genetic diversity of North Atlantic whales suggests population sizes of approximately 240,000 humpback, 360,000 fin, and 265,000 minke whales. Estimates for fin and humpback whales are far greater than those previously calculated for prewhaling populations and 6 to 20 times higher than present-day population estimates. Such discrepancies suggest the need for a quantitative reevaluation of historical whale populations and a fundamental revision in our conception of the natural state of the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Base Sequence ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/classification/genetics
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  • 186
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection/epidemiology/etiology ; *Inuits ; Memory ; Risk Factors
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  • 187
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, Philip W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):57.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Kuru/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papua New Guinea ; PrPC Proteins/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 188
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branca, Malorye -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Netherlands ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Prognosis
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  • 189
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Sandre-Giovannoli, Annachiara -- Bernard, Rafaelle -- Cau, Pierre -- Navarro, Claire -- Amiel, Jeanne -- Boccaccio, Irene -- Lyonnet, Stanislas -- Stewart, Colin L -- Munnich, Arnold -- Le Merrer, Martine -- Levy, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2055. Epub 2003 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inserm U491: Genetique Medicale et Developpement, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Progeria/blood/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Dietary restriction (DR) increases life-span in organisms from yeast to mammals, presumably by slowing the accumulation of aging-related damage. Here we show that in Drosophila, DR extends life-span entirely by reducing the short-term risk of death. Two days after the application of DR at any age for the first time, previously fully fed flies are no more likely to die than flies of the same age that have been subjected to long-term DR. DR of mammals may also reduce short-term risk of death, and hence DR instigated at any age could generate a full reversal of mortality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mair, William -- Goymer, Patrick -- Pletcher, Scott D -- Partridge, Linda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1731-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; *Caloric Restriction ; Demography ; *Diet ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Reproduction ; Risk ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: The ability of sensitive rainforest species to evolve in response to climate change is largely unknown. We show that the Australian tropical rainforest fly Drosophila birchii exhibits clinal variation in desiccation resistance, but the most resistant population lacks the ability to evolve further resistance even after intense selection for over 30 generations. Parent-offspring comparisons indicate low heritable variation for this trait but high levels of genetic variation for morphology. D. birchii also exhibits abundant genetic variation at microsatellite loci. The low potential for resistance evolution highlights the importance of assessing evolutionary potential in targeted ecological traits and species from threatened habitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, A A -- Hallas, R J -- Dean, J A -- Schiffer, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia. A.Hoffmann@latrobe.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Selection, Genetic ; Trees
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: In the tactile funneling illusion, the simultaneous presentation of brief stimuli at multiple points on the skin produces a single focal sensation at the center of the stimulus pattern even when no physical stimulus occurs at that site. Consistent with the funneling percept, we show with optical imaging in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that simultaneous stimulation of two fingertips produces a single focal cortical activation between the single fingertip activation regions. Thus, in contrast to traditional views of the body map, topographic representation in the SI reflects the perceived rather than the physical location of peripheral stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Li M -- Friedman, Robert M -- Roe, Anna W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):881-5. Epub 2003 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Male ; Perception/*physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Saimiri ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology
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  • 193
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altshuler, Douglas L -- Clark, Christopher James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91104, USA. doug@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Body Constitution ; Dominica ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology ; Heliconiaceae/*anatomy & histology ; Male ; Pigmentation ; Saint Lucia ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 194
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlotterer, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):670-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien, 1210 Wien, Austria. christian.schloetterer@vu-wien.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Insect ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Retroelements ; Sex Characteristics ; X Chromosome/*genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Mice in which all members of the Hox10 or Hox11 paralogous group are disrupted provide evidence that these Hox genes are involved in global patterning of the axial and appendicular skeleton. In the absence of Hox10 function, no lumbar vertebrae are formed. Instead, ribs project from all posterior vertebrae, extending caudally from the last thoracic vertebrae to beyond the sacral region. In the absence of Hox11 function, sacral vertebrae are not formed and instead these vertebrae assume a lumbar identity. The redundancy among these paralogous family members is so great that this global aspect of Hox patterning is not apparent in mice that are mutant for five of the six paralogous alleles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wellik, Deneen M -- Capecchi, Mario R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):363-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Bone and Bones/*embryology ; Female ; Forelimb/embryology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Hindlimb/embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Spine/*embryology
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1829.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Maternal Exposure ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; *Military Science ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Perchlorates/adverse effects/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; *Sodium Compounds/adverse effects/toxicity ; Thyroid Gland/drug effects/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Government Agencies ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/adverse effects/toxicity ; *Water Supply
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: We generated mice lacking Cks2, one of two mammalian homologs of the yeast Cdk1-binding proteins, Suc1 and Cks1, and found them to be viable but sterile in both sexes. Sterility is due to failure of both male and female germ cells to progress past the first meiotic metaphase. The chromosomal events up through the end of prophase I are normal in both CKS2-/- males and females, suggesting that the phenotype is due directly to failure to enter anaphase and not a consequence of a checkpoint-mediated metaphase I arrest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spruck, Charles H -- de Miguel, Maria P -- Smith, Adrian P L -- Ryan, Aimee -- Stein, Paula -- Schultz, Richard M -- Lincoln, A Jeannine -- Donovan, Peter J -- Reed, Steven I -- CA74224/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD22681/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD38252/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):647-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, MB-7, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anaphase ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosome Segregation ; Cyclin A/metabolism ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Epididymis/cytology/physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infertility, Female/physiopathology ; Infertility, Male/physiopathology ; Male ; *Meiosis ; *Metaphase ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovary/cytology/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/*physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 198
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reslewic, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Policy ; Obesity/*psychology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 199
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1138-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Aged ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cognition/drug effects ; Dementia/*etiology ; Drug Combinations ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/administration & dosage/*adverse ; effects/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/*adverse ; effects/*pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Patient Selection ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/chemically induced/complications ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Cranial radiation therapy causes a progressive decline in cognitive function that is linked to impaired neurogenesis. Chronic inflammation accompanies radiation injury, suggesting that inflammatory processes may contribute to neural stem cell dysfunction. Here, we show that neuroinflammation alone inhibits neurogenesis and that inflammatory blockade with indomethacin, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, restores neurogenesis after endotoxin-induced inflammation and augments neurogenesis after cranial irradiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monje, Michelle L -- Toda, Hiroki -- Palmer, Theo D -- F30 NS04696701/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MH20016-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1760-5. Epub 2003 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery, MSLS P309, Mail Code 5487, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Cytokines/physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Hippocampus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Indomethacin/*pharmacology ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Mitotic Index ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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