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  • 1
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    Mutagenic properties of 5-chlorocytosine [Genetics] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-19
    Description: During chronic inflammation, neutrophil-secreted hypochlorous acid can damage nearby cells inducing the genomic accumulation of 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC), a known inflammation biomarker. Although 5ClC has been shown to promote epigenetic changes, it has been unknown heretofore if 5ClC directly perpetrates a mutagenic outcome within the cell. The present work shows that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The detection of large HNO3-containing particles in the winter Arctic stratosphere (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Large particles containing nitric acid (HNO3) were observed in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter stratosphere. These in situ observations were made over a large altitude range (16 to 21 kilometers) and horizontal extent (1800 kilometers) on several airborne sampling flights during a period of several weeks. With diameters of 10 to 20 micrometers, these sedimenting particles have significant potential to denitrify the lower stratosphere. A microphysical model of nitric acid trihydrate particles is able to simulate the growth and sedimentation of these large sizes in the lower stratosphere, but the nucleation process is not yet known. Accurate modeling of the formation of these large particles is essential for understanding Arctic denitrification and predicting future Arctic ozone abundances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fahey, D W -- Gao, R S -- Carslaw, K S -- Kettleborough, J -- Popp, P J -- Northway, M J -- Holecek, J C -- Ciciora, S C -- McLaughlin, R J -- Thompson, T L -- Winkler, R H -- Baumgardner, D G -- Gandrud, B -- Wennberg, P O -- Dhaniyala, S -- McKinney, K -- Peter, T -- Salawitch, R J -- Bui, T P -- Elkins, J W -- Webster, C R -- Atlas, E L -- Jost, H -- Wilson, J C -- Herman, R L -- Kleinbohl, A -- von Konig, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1026-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aeronomy Laboratory, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. fahey@al.noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Particle formation by ion nucleation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Unexpectedly high concentrations of ultrafine particles were observed over a wide range of latitudes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Particle number concentrations and size distributions simulated by a numerical model of ion-induced nucleation, constrained by measured thermodynamic data and observed atmospheric key species, were consistent with the observations. These findings indicate that, at typical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere conditions, particles are formed by this nucleation process and grow to measurable sizes with sufficient sun exposure and low preexisting aerosol surface area. Ion-induced nucleation is thus a globally important source of aerosol particles, potentially affecting cloud formation and radiative transfer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, S-H -- Reeves, J M -- Wilson, J C -- Hunton, D E -- Viggiano, A A -- Miller, T M -- Ballenthin, J O -- Lait, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1886-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA. shanlee@du.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: NASA's recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment focused on anvil cirrus clouds, an important but poorly understood element of our climate system. The data obtained included the first comprehensive measurements of aerosols and cloud particles throughout the atmospheric column during the evolution of multiple deep convective storm systems. Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of aerosols and cloud particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols. This result defies conventional wisdom and suggests that distant pollution sources may have a greater effect on anvil clouds than do local sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fridlind, Ann M -- Ackerman, Andrew S -- Jensen, Eric J -- Heymsfield, Andrew J -- Poellot, Michael R -- Stevens, David E -- Wang, Donghai -- Miloshevich, Larry M -- Baumgardner, Darrel -- Lawson, R Paul -- Wilson, James C -- Flagan, Richard C -- Seinfeld, John H -- Jonsson, Haflidi H -- VanReken, Timothy M -- Varutbangkul, Varuntida -- Rissman, Tracey A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):718-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ann.fridlind@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Inherited defects in signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor have long been suggested to contribute to human type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we describe a mutation in the gene encoding the protein kinase AKT2/PKBbeta in a family that shows autosomal dominant inheritance of severe insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Expression of the mutant kinase in cultured cells disrupted insulin signaling to metabolic end points and inhibited the function of coexpressed, wild-type AKT. These findings demonstrate the central importance of AKT signaling to insulin sensitivity in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258004/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2258004/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, Stella -- Rochford, Justin J -- Wolfrum, Christian -- Gray, Sarah L -- Schinner, Sven -- Wilson, Jenny C -- Soos, Maria A -- Murgatroyd, Peter R -- Williams, Rachel M -- Acerini, Carlo L -- Dunger, David B -- Barford, David -- Umpleby, A Margot -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Davies, Huw Alban -- Schafer, Alan J -- Stoffel, Markus -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Barroso, Ines -- 078986/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1325-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adipocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism/genetics/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The effect of temperature change on the microbial diversity and community structure along the chronosequence of the sub-arctic glacier forefield of Styggedalsbreen (Norway) (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-13
    Description: Microbial communities in the glacier forefield of Styggedalsbreen, Norway, were investigated along a chronosequence from newly exposed soil to vegetated soils using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In order to monitor the short-term effect of temperature on community successions along the soil gradient, the soil samples were incubated at three different temperatures (5°C, 10°C and 22°C). The microbial community composition along the chronosequence differed according to distance from the glacial terminus and incubation temperature. Samples close to the glacier terminus were dominated by Proteobacteria at 5°C and 10°C, while at 22°C members of Chloroflexi , Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in addition to Proteobacteria accounted for most of the diversity, indicating that sites close to the glacier terminus are more closely related to former subglacial environments. Within the Archaea domain, members of the phylum Euryarchaeota dominated in samples closer to the glacier terminus with a shift to members of the phyla Thaumarchaeota — Crenarchaeota with increased soil age. Our data indicate that composition and diversity of the microbial communities along the glacier forefield depend not only on exposure time but are also to a large degree influenced by soil surface temperature and soil maturation.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Chemical loss of ozone in the arctic polar vortex in the winter of 1991-1992 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: In situ measurements of chlorine monoxide, bromine monoxide, and ozone are extrapolated globally, with the use of meteorological tracers, to infer the loss rates for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) in the winter of 1991-1992. The analysis indicates removal of 15 to 20 percent of ambient ozone because of elevated concentrations of chlorine monoxide and bromine monoxide. Observations during AASE II define rates of removal of chlorine monoxide attributable to reaction with nitrogen dioxide (produced by photolysis of nitric acid) and to production of hydrochloric acid. Ozone loss ceased in March as concentrations of chlorine monoxide declined. Ozone losses could approach 50 percent if regeneration of nitrogen dioxide were inhibited by irreversible removal of nitrogen oxides (denitrification), as presently observed in the Antarctic, or without denitrification if inorganic chlorine concentrations were to double.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salawitch, R J -- Wofsy, S C -- Gottlieb, E W -- Lait, L R -- Newman, P A -- Schoeberl, M R -- Loewenstein, M -- Podolske, J R -- Strahan, S E -- Proffitt, M H -- Webster, C R -- May, R D -- Fahey, D W -- Baumgardner, D -- Dye, J E -- Wilson, J C -- Kelly, K K -- Elkins, J W -- Chan, K R -- Anderson, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1146-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    In situ observations of aerosol and chlorine monoxide after the 1991 eruption of mount pinatubo: effect of reactions on sulfate aerosol (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: Highly resolved aerosol size distributions measured from high-altitude aircraft can be used to describe the effect of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo on the stratospheric aerosol. In some air masses, aerosol mass mixing ratios increased by factors exceeding 100 and aerosol surface area concentrations increased by factors of 30 or more. Increases in aerosol surface area concentration were accompanied by increases in chlorine monoxide at mid-latitudes when confounding factors were controlled. This observation supports the assertion that reactions occurring on the aerosol can increase the fraction of stratospheric chlorine that occurs in ozone-destroying forms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J C -- Jonsson, H H -- Brock, C A -- Toohey, D W -- Avallone, L M -- Baumgardner, D -- Dye, J E -- Poole, L R -- Woods, D C -- Decoursey, R J -- Osborn, M -- Pitts, M C -- Kelly, K K -- Chan, K R -- Ferry, G V -- Loewenstein, M -- Podolske, J R -- Weaver, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Observations of the chemical composition of stratospheric aerosol particles (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-19
    Description: Recent instrumentation can distinguish various types of aerosol particles in the stratosphere and determine their relative abundance. In the background lower stratosphere between major volcanic eruptions, most particles are either relatively pure sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid with material from ablated meteoroids, or mixed organic-sulfate particles that originated in the troposphere. The meteoric iron and magnesium appear to be dissolved whereas the aluminum and silicon appear to be inclusions. Most stratospheric aerosol mass is liquid sulfuric acid and associated water but a large fraction of particles contain either inclusions of meteoric elements such as silicon or organic material that is probably effloresced or glassy. These solid phases could have large but unknown implications for the ability of particles to act as freezing nuclei for polar stratospheric clouds. Internally mixed black carbon is a measurable but very small component of the stratospheric aerosol by mass. Despite their importance for heterogeneous chemistry, there are few quantitative measurements of halogens in stratospheric particles.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Structure of influenza H17 HA protein [Microbiology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-23
    Description: Bat influenza virus H17N10 represents a distinct lineage of influenza A viruses with gene segments coding for proteins that are homologs of the surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Our recent study of the N10 NA homolog revealed an NA-like structure, but with a highly divergent putative active site...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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