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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (166)
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  • 2005-2009  (166)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-04
    Beschreibung: Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warneken, Felix -- Tomasello, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. warneken@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Altruism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: CD8-positive T lymphocytes recognize peptides that are usually derived from the degradation of cellular proteins and are presented by class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. Here we describe a human minor histocompatibility antigen created by a polymorphism in the SP110 nuclear phosphoprotein gene. The antigenic peptide comprises two noncontiguous SP110 peptide segments spliced together in reverse order to that in which they occur in the predicted SP110 protein. The antigenic peptide could be produced in vitro by incubation of precursor peptides with highly purified 20S proteasomes. Cutting and splicing probably occur within the proteasome by transpeptidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Edus H -- Vigneron, Nathalie J -- Gavin, Marc A -- Coulie, Pierre G -- Stroobant, Vincent -- Dalet, Alexandre -- Tykodi, Scott S -- Xuereb, Suzanne M -- Mito, Jeffrey K -- Riddell, Stanley R -- Van den Eynde, Benoit J -- CA106512/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA18029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA018029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1444-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; *Antigen Presentation ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Electroporation ; HLA-A Antigens/immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; *Protein Splicing ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghiselin, Michael T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: Small noncoding RNAs regulate processes essential for cell growth and development, including mRNA degradation, translational repression, and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). During a search for candidate mammalian factors for TGS, we purified a complex that contains small RNAs and Riwi, the rat homolog to human Piwi. The RNAs, frequently 29 to 30 nucleotides in length, are called Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), 94% of which map to 100 defined (〈 or = 101 kb) genomic regions. Within these regions, the piRNAs generally distribute across only one genomic strand or distribute on two strands but in a divergent, nonoverlapping manner. Preparations of piRNA complex (piRC) contain rRecQ1, which is homologous to qde-3 from Neurospora, a gene implicated in silencing pathways. Piwi has been genetically linked to TGS in flies, and slicer activity cofractionates with the purified complex. These results are consistent with a gene-silencing role for piRC in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, Nelson C -- Seto, Anita G -- Kim, Jinkuk -- Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Satomi -- Nakano, Toru -- Bartel, David P -- Kingston, Robert E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):363-7. Epub 2006 Jun 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Helicases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Genome ; Male ; Mice ; Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RecQ Helicases ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Testis/*chemistry ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mills, Edward -- Rennie, Stuart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):417-9; author reply 417-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *AIDS Serodiagnosis ; Female ; HIV Infections/*diagnosis/prevention & control ; *Human Rights ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Testing ; Prejudice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: How does the bilingual brain distinguish and control which language is in use? Previous functional imaging experiments have not been able to answer this question because proficient bilinguals activate the same brain regions irrespective of the language being tested. Here, we reveal that neuronal responses within the left caudate are sensitive to changes in the language or the meaning of words. By demonstrating this effect in populations of German-English and Japanese-English bilinguals, we suggest that the left caudate plays a universal role in monitoring and controlling the language in use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crinion, J -- Turner, R -- Grogan, A -- Hanakawa, T -- Noppeney, U -- Devlin, J T -- Aso, T -- Urayama, S -- Fukuyama, H -- Stockton, K -- Usui, K -- Green, D W -- Price, C J -- 051067/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Multilingualism ; Neurons/physiology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Semantics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alberta ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification ; Female ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):983-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Female ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-02
    Beschreibung: Efforts to test sex ratio theory have focused mostly on females. However, when males possess traits that could enhance the reproductive success of sons, males would also benefit from the manipulation of the offspring sex ratio. We tested the prediction that more-fertile red deer males produce more sons. Our findings reveal that male fertility is positively related to the proportion of male offspring. We also show that there is a positive correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (a main determinant of male fertility) and the proportion of male offspring. Thus, males may contribute significantly to biases in sex ratio at birth among mammals, creating the potential for conflicts of interest between males and females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomendio, Montserrat -- Malo, Aurelio F -- Soler, Ana J -- Fernandez-Santos, Maria R -- Esteso, Milagros C -- Garcia, Andres J -- Roldan, Eduardo R S -- Garde, Julian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1445-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Reproductive Ecology and Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)], 28006-Madrid, Spain. montseg@mncn.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Deer/*physiology ; Female ; *Fertility ; Fertilization ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sex Ratio ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-02
    Beschreibung: According to theory, homoploid hybrid speciation, which is hybrid speciation without a change in chromosome number, is facilitated by adaptation to a novel or extreme habitat. Using molecular and ecological data, we found that the alpine-adapted butterflies in the genus Lycaeides are the product of hybrid speciation. The alpine populations possess a mosaic genome derived from both L. melissa and L. idas and are differentiated from and younger than their putative parental species. As predicted, adaptive traits may allow for persistence in the environmentally extreme alpine habitat and reproductively isolate these populations from their parental species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gompert, Zachariah -- Fordyce, James A -- Forister, Matthew L -- Shapiro, Arthur M -- Nice, Chris C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1923-5. Epub 2006 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Population and Conservation Biology Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Altitude ; Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Bayes Theorem ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genome ; Geography ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; North America ; Ploidies ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: During embryogenesis, stem cells are set aside to fuel the postnatal hair cycle and repair the epidermis after injury. To define how hair follicle stem cells are specified and maintained in an undifferentiated state, we developed a strategy to isolate and transcriptionally profile embryonic hair progenitors in mice. We identified Lhx2 as a transcription factor positioned downstream of signals necessary to specify hair follicle stem cells, but upstream from signals required to drive activated stem cells to terminally differentiate. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we uncovered a role for Lhx2 in maintaining the growth and undifferentiated properties of hair follicle progenitors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405918/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405918/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhee, Horace -- Polak, Lisa -- Fuchs, Elaine -- R01 AR031737/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR031737-24/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1946-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermis/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hair/embryology/growth & development ; Hair Follicle/*cytology/embryology/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Morphogenesis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Skin Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: A new species of African monkey, Lophocebus kipunji, was described in 2005 based on observations from two sites in Tanzania. We have since obtained a specimen killed by a farmer on Mount Rungwe, the type locality. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analyses of this specimen demonstrate that the genus Lophocebus is diphyletic. We provide a description of a new genus of African monkey and of the only preserved specimen of this primate. We also present information on the animal's ecology and conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davenport, Tim R B -- Stanley, William T -- Sargis, Eric J -- De Luca, Daniela W -- Mpunga, Noah E -- Machaga, Sophy J -- Olson, Link E -- RR-16466-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1378-81. Epub 2006 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Conservation Society, Southern Highlands Conservation Programme, Post Office Box 1475, Mbeya, Tanzania. tdavenport@wcs.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cercopithecinae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Male ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-11
    Beschreibung: The sea urchin genome reveals large domains of biology heretofore unexplored at the genome level, as this is the first nonchordate deuterostome sequence. The sequence will accelerate progress toward complete understanding of the genomic regulatory system that controls developmental specification and morphogenetic function, thus illuminating basic developmental process in all animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Eric H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):939-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Speciation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/embryology/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-25
    Beschreibung: The Dobzhansky-Muller model proposes that hybrid incompatibilities are caused by the interaction between genes that have functionally diverged in the respective hybridizing species. Here, we show that Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) has functionally diverged in Drosophila simulans and interacts with Hybrid male rescue (Hmr), which has functionally diverged in D. melanogaster, to cause lethality in F1 hybrid males. LHR localizes to heterochromatic regions of the genome and has diverged extensively in sequence between these species in a manner consistent with positive selection. Rapidly evolving heterochromatic DNA sequences may be driving the evolution of this incompatibility gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brideau, Nicholas J -- Flores, Heather A -- Wang, Jun -- Maheshwari, Shamoni -- Wang, Xu -- Barbash, Daniel A -- R01 GM074737-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1292-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Speciation ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Selection, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lessells, C M -- Bennett, Andrew T D -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Colegrave, Nick -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben -- Hosken, Dave J -- Hunt, John -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pitnick, Scott -- Pizzari, Tommaso -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Shuker, David M -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Stockley, Paula -- Tregenza, Tom -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: The liver can regenerate its volume after major tissue loss. In a mouse model of liver regeneration, thrombocytopenia, or impaired platelet activity resulted in the failure to initiate cellular proliferation in the liver. Platelets are major carriers of serotonin in the blood. In thrombocytopenic mice, a serotonin agonist reconstituted liver proliferation. The expression of 5-HT2A and 2B subtype serotonin receptors in the liver increased after hepatectomy. Antagonists of 5-HT2A and 2B receptors inhibited liver regeneration. Liver regeneration was also blunted in mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 1, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of peripheral serotonin. This failure of regeneration was rescued by reloading serotonin-free platelets with a serotonin precursor molecule. These results suggest that platelet-derived serotonin is involved in the initiation of liver regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lesurtel, Mickael -- Graf, Rolf -- Aleil, Boris -- Walther, Diego J -- Tian, Yinghua -- Jochum, Wolfram -- Gachet, Christian -- Bader, Michael -- Clavien, Pierre-Alain -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 5-Hydroxytryptophan/pharmacology ; Amphetamines/pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/metabolism/*physiology ; Busulfan/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocytes/cytology ; Liver/metabolism/*physiology ; *Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Platelet Count ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism ; Serotonin/blood/*physiology ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists ; Thrombocytopenia ; Ticlopidine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Zunyou -- Sun, Xinhua -- Sullivan, Sheena G -- Detels, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1475-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, PR China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *AIDS Serodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data ; China/epidemiology ; Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Health Care Costs ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Translocation is one of the most frequently occurring human chromosomal aberrations. The constitutional t(11;22)(q23;q11), which is the only known recurrent non-Robertsonian translocation, represents a good model for studying translocations in humans. Here we demonstrate polymorphisms of the palindromic sequence at the t(11;22) breakpoint that affect the frequency of de novo translocations in sperm from normal males. A typical allele consists of a perfect palindrome, producing ~10-5 de novo t(11;22) translocations. Alleles with an asymmetric center do not form the t(11;22). Our data show the importance of genome sequence on chromosomal rearrangements, a class of human mutation that is thought to be random.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818512/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818512/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kato, Takema -- Inagaki, Hidehito -- Yamada, Kouji -- Kogo, Hiroshi -- Ohye, Tamae -- Kowa, Hiroe -- Nagaoka, Kayuri -- Taniguchi, Mariko -- Emanuel, Beverly S -- Kurahashi, Hiroki -- CA39926/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 DC002027/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- P01 DC002027-070006/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA039926/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA039926-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):971.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake Aichi 470-1192, Japan [corrected]〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): AT Rich Sequence ; Alleles ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Deletion ; *Spermatozoa ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Counseling ; Female ; Financial Support ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; *United Nations/economics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: Few sub-Saharan African countries have witnessed declines in HIV prevalence, and only Uganda has compelling evidence for a decline founded on sexual behavior change. We report a decline in HIV prevalence in eastern Zimbabwe between 1998 and 2003 associated with sexual behavior change in four distinct socioeconomic strata. HIV prevalence fell most steeply at young ages-by 23 and 49%, respectively, among men aged 17 to 29 years and women aged 15 to 24 years-and in more educated groups. Sexually experienced men and women reported reductions in casual sex of 49 and 22%, respectively, whereas recent cohorts reported delayed sexual debut. Selective AIDS-induced mortality contributed to the decline in HIV prevalence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregson, Simon -- Garnett, Geoffrey P -- Nyamukapa, Constance A -- Hallett, Timothy B -- Lewis, James J C -- Mason, Peter R -- Chandiwana, Stephen K -- Anderson, Roy M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK. Sajgregson@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Cohort Studies ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-11
    Beschreibung: The molecular mechanisms controlling human hair growth and scalp hair loss are poorly understood. By screening about 350,000 individuals in two populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we identified a gene mutation in families who show an inherited form of hair loss and a hair growth defect. Affected individuals were homozygous for a deletion in the LIPH gene on chromosome 3q27, caused by short interspersed nuclear element-retrotransposon-mediated recombination. The LIPH gene is expressed in hair follicles and encodes a phospholipase called lipase H (alternatively known as membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-selective phospholipase A1alpha), an enzyme that regulates the production of bioactive lipids. These results suggest that lipase H participates in hair growth and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazantseva, Anastasiya -- Goltsov, Andrey -- Zinchenko, Rena -- Grigorenko, Anastasia P -- Abrukova, Anna V -- Moliaka, Yuri K -- Kirillov, Alexander G -- Guo, Zhiru -- Lyle, Stephen -- Ginter, Evgeny K -- Rogaev, Evgeny I -- K08-AR02179/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):982-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alu Elements ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; Hair/*growth & development ; Hair Follicle/enzymology ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypotrichosis/*genetics ; Lipase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lod Score ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements ; Russia ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are built on a 9 + 2 array of microtubules plus 〉250 accessory proteins, forming a biological machine called the axoneme. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of rapidly frozen axonemes from Chlamydomonas and sea urchin sperm, using cryoelectron tomography and image processing to focus on the motor enzyme dynein. Our images suggest a model for the way dynein generates force to slide microtubules. They also reveal two dynein linkers that may provide "hard-wiring" to coordinate motor enzyme action, both circumferentially and along the axoneme. Periodic densities were also observed inside doublet microtubules; these may contribute to doublet stability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicastro, Daniela -- Schwartz, Cindi -- Pierson, Jason -- Gaudette, Richard -- Porter, Mary E -- McIntosh, J Richard -- 2R37-GM55667/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR 000592/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):944-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CB 347, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA. nicastro@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dyneins/*chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Flagella/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Freezing ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Microtubules/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sea Urchins ; Sperm Tail/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Tomography
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in individuals aged older than 50 years, is classified as either wet (neovascular) or dry (nonneovascular). Inherited variation in the complement factor H gene is a major risk factor for drusen in dry AMD. Here we report that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of HTRA1, a serine protease gene on chromosome 10q26, is a major genetic risk factor for wet AMD. A whole-genome association mapping strategy was applied to a Chinese population, yielding a P value of 〈10(-11). Individuals with the risk-associated genotype were estimated to have a likelihood of developing wet AMD 10 times that of individuals with the wild-type genotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dewan, Andrew -- Liu, Mugen -- Hartman, Stephen -- Zhang, Samuel Shao-Min -- Liu, David T L -- Zhao, Connie -- Tam, Pancy O S -- Chan, Wai Man -- Lam, Dennis S C -- Snyder, Michael -- Barnstable, Colin -- Pang, Chi Pui -- Hoh, Josephine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):989-92. Epub 2006 Oct 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-2/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: Mounting evidence has revealed pathological interactions between HIV and malaria in dually infected patients, but the public health implications of the interplay have remained unclear. A transient almost one-log elevation in HIV viral load occurs during febrile malaria episodes; in addition, susceptibility to malaria is enhanced in HIV-infected patients. A mathematical model applied to a setting in Kenya with an adult population of roughly 200,000 estimated that, since 1980, the disease interaction may have been responsible for 8,500 excess HIV infections and 980,000 excess malaria episodes. Co-infection might also have facilitated the geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high. Hence, transient and repeated increases in HIV viral load resulting from recurrent co-infection with malaria may be an important factor in promoting the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abu-Raddad, Laith J -- Patnaik, Padmaja -- Kublin, James G -- P30 AI 27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. laith@scharp.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Sexual Behavior ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: Fat tissue is the most important energy depot in vertebrates. The release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from stored fat requires the enzymatic activity of lipases. We showed that genetic inactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in mice increases adipose mass and leads to triacylglycerol deposition in multiple tissues. ATGL-deficient mice accumulated large amounts of lipid in the heart, causing cardiac dysfunction and premature death. Defective cold adaptation indicated that the enzyme provides FFAs to fuel thermogenesis. The reduced availability of ATGL-derived FFAs leads to increased glucose use, increased glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that ATGL is rate limiting in the catabolism of cellular fat depots and plays an important role in energy homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haemmerle, Guenter -- Lass, Achim -- Zimmermann, Robert -- Gorkiewicz, Gregor -- Meyer, Carola -- Rozman, Jan -- Heldmaier, Gerhard -- Maier, Robert -- Theussl, Christian -- Eder, Sandra -- Kratky, Dagmar -- Wagner, Erwin F -- Klingenspor, Martin -- Hoefler, Gerald -- Zechner, Rudolf -- F 3001/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- F 3002/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):734-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology/*enzymology/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/enzymology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Size ; *Energy Metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood/metabolism ; Female ; Heart Failure/pathology ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/blood ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Kidney/metabolism ; Lipase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipids/blood ; *Lipolysis/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Testis/metabolism ; Thermogenesis ; Triglycerides/*metabolism ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-18
    Beschreibung: Our knowledge of Neanderthals is based on a limited number of remains and artifacts from which we must make inferences about their biology, behavior, and relationship to ourselves. Here, we describe the characterization of these extinct hominids from a new perspective, based on the development of a Neanderthal metagenomic library and its high-throughput sequencing and analysis. Several lines of evidence indicate that the 65,250 base pairs of hominid sequence so far identified in the library are of Neanderthal origin, the strongest being the ascertainment of sequence identities between Neanderthal and chimpanzee at sites where the human genomic sequence is different. These results enabled us to calculate the human-Neanderthal divergence time based on multiple randomly distributed autosomal loci. Our analyses suggest that on average the Neanderthal genomic sequence we obtained and the reference human genome sequence share a most recent common ancestor approximately 706,000 years ago, and that the human and Neanderthal ancestral populations split approximately 370,000 years ago, before the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Our finding that the Neanderthal and human genomes are at least 99.5% identical led us to develop and successfully implement a targeted method for recovering specific ancient DNA sequences from metagenomic libraries. This initial analysis of the Neanderthal genome advances our understanding of the evolutionary relationship of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis and signifies the dawn of Neanderthal genomics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583069/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583069/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noonan, James P -- Coop, Graham -- Kudaravalli, Sridhar -- Smith, Doug -- Krause, Johannes -- Alessi, Joe -- Chen, Feng -- Platt, Darren -- Paabo, Svante -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Rubin, Edward M -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772-1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1113-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Nucleus ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; *Fossils ; Gene Pool ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomic Library ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Time
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Theories about sexual selection can be traced back to Darwin in 1871. He proposed that males fertilize as many females as possible with inexpensive sperm, whereas females, with a limited supply of large eggs, select the genetically highest quality males to endow their offspring with superior capabilities. Since its proposal, problems with this narrative have continued to accumulate, and it is our view that sexual selection theory needs to be replaced. We suggest an approach that relies on the exchange of direct ecological benefits among cooperating animals without reference to genetic benefits. This approach can be expressed mathematically in a branch of game theory that pertains to bargaining and side payments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roughgarden, Joan -- Oishi, Meeko -- Akcay, Erol -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):965-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. joan.roughgarden@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Charadriiformes/physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Mathematics ; Oviposition ; Perciformes/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Cognitive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex, such as the ability to suppress behavior (response inhibition) and to learn from complex feedback (probabilistic learning), play critical roles in activities of daily life. To what extent do different neurochemical systems modulate these two cognitive functions? Here, using stop-signal and probabilistic learning tasks, we show a double dissociation for the involvement of noradrenaline and serotonin in human cognition. In healthy volunteers, inhibition of central noradrenaline reuptake improved response inhibition but had no effect on probabilistic learning, whereas inhibition of central serotonin reuptake impaired probabilistic learning with no effect on response inhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867315/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867315/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Samuel R -- Muller, Ulrich -- Blackwell, Andrew D -- Clark, Luke -- Robbins, Trevor W -- Sahakian, Barbara J -- 076274/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0401099/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):861-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. src33@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride ; Citalopram/pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Feedback, Psychological ; Humans ; *Inhibition (Psychology) ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Inhibition ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Propylamines/pharmacology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: The pathophysiology of depression remains enigmatic, although abnormalities in serotonin signaling have been implicated. We have found that the serotonin 1B receptor [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B) receptor] interacts with p11. p11 increases localization of 5-HT1B receptors at the cell surface. p11 is increased in rodent brains by antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy, but decreased in an animal model of depression and in brain tissue from depressed patients. Overexpression of p11 increases 5-HT1B receptor function in cells and recapitulates certain behaviors seen after antidepressant treatment in mice. p11 knockout mice exhibit a depression-like phenotype and have reduced responsiveness to 5-HT1B receptor agonists and reduced behavioral reactions to an antidepressant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svenningsson, Per -- Chergui, Karima -- Rachleff, Ilan -- Flajolet, Marc -- Zhang, Xiaoqun -- El Yacoubi, Malika -- Vaugeois, Jean-Marie -- Nomikos, George G -- Greengard, Paul -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH40899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Annexin A2/genetics/*metabolism ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/genetics/*metabolism ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*metabolism ; S100 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are part of an environment-independent spatial coordinate system. To determine how information about location, direction, and distance is integrated in the grid-cell network, we recorded from each principal cell layer of MEC in rats that explored two-dimensional environments. Whereas layer II was predominated by grid cells, grid cells colocalized with head-direction cells and conjunctive grid x head-direction cells in the deeper layers. All cell types were modulated by running speed. The conjunction of positional, directional, and translational information in a single MEC cell type may enable grid coordinates to be updated during self-motion-based navigation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sargolini, Francesca -- Fyhn, Marianne -- Hafting, Torkel -- McNaughton, Bruce L -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):758-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Exploratory Behavior ; Locomotion ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*adverse effects/methods/standards ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Immune System/*drug effects ; Inflammation/*etiology ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-15
    Beschreibung: Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbert, Alan -- Gerry, Norman P -- McQueen, Matthew B -- Heid, Iris M -- Pfeufer, Arne -- Illig, Thomas -- Wichmann, H-Erich -- Meitinger, Thomas -- Hunter, David -- Hu, Frank B -- Colditz, Graham -- Hinney, Anke -- Hebebrand, Johannes -- Koberwitz, Kerstin -- Zhu, Xiaofeng -- Cooper, Richard -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Lyon, Helen -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Laird, Nan M -- Lenburg, Marc E -- Lange, Christoph -- Christman, Michael F -- CA87969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K23DK067288/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD060726/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01GM046877/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HL074166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL54485/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL66289/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH59532/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HL65899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):279-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University Medical School, E613, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. aherbert@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; African Americans ; Alleles ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Obesity/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: The aging of organisms is characterized by a gradual functional decline of all organ systems. Mammalian somatic cells in culture display a limited proliferative life span, at the end of which they undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest known as replicative senescence. Whether cellular senescence contributes to organismal aging has been controversial. We investigated telomere dysfunction, a recently discovered biomarker of cellular senescence, and found that the number of senescent fibroblasts increases exponentially in the skin of aging baboons, reaching 〉15% of all cells in very old individuals. In addition, the same cells contain activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase and heterochromatinized nuclei, confirming their senescent status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbig, Utz -- Ferreira, Mark -- Condel, Laura -- Carey, Dee -- Sedivy, John M -- F32 CA099388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028972/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR015578/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1257. Epub 2006 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Biomarkers ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dermis/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Papio/*physiology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telomere/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: The Xist noncoding RNA is the key initiator of the process of X chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals, but its precise function and origin remain unknown. Although Xist is well conserved among eutherians, until now, no homolog has been identified in other mammals. We show here that Xist evolved, at least partly, from a protein-coding gene and that the loss of protein-coding function of the proto-Xist coincides with the four flanking protein genes becoming pseudogenes. This event occurred after the divergence between eutherians and marsupials, which suggests that mechanisms of dosage compensation have evolved independently in both lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duret, Laurent -- Chureau, Corinne -- Samain, Sylvie -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Avner, Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1653-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS and Universite Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. duret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cattle/genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Dogs/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Opossums/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Pseudogenes ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Vertebrates/*genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation ; Xenopus/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, Richard -- Weiss, Helen -- G0700837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. richard.hayes@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Circumcision, Male ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: Weta are giant, flightless grasshoppers that are endemic to New Zealand. In the absence of native mammals, weta are thought to perform similar ecological functions. As such, they might be expected to be important seeds dispersers. However, insects are not known to consume fleshy fruits and to disperse seeds after gut passage. We conducted a series of observations and experiments to test whether weta form mutualistic partnerships with fleshy-fruited plants as seed dispersers, similar to small mammals elsewhere in the world. Results showed that weta are indeed effective seeds dispersers, providing an example of ecological convergence between unrelated organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duthie, Catherine -- Gibbs, George -- Burns, K C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Post Office Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fruit ; Germination ; Grasshoppers/*physiology ; Male ; Mammals ; New Zealand ; *Seeds/growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anthropology ; Bolivia ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Indians, South American/history ; Life Expectancy ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Groups/history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: We describe reproductive isolation caused by a gene transposition. In certain Drosophila melanogaster-D. simulans hybrids, hybrid male sterility is caused by the lack of a single-copy gene essential for male fertility, JYAlpha. This gene is located on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster but on the third chromosome of D. simulans. Genomic and molecular analyses show that JYAlpha transposed to the third chromosome during the evolutionary history of the D. simulans lineage. Because of this transposition, a fraction of hybrids completely lack JYAlpha and are sterile, representing reproductive isolation without sequence evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masly, John P -- Jones, Corbin D -- Noor, Mohamed A F -- Locke, John -- Orr, H Allen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. msly@mail.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Drosophila/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; Gene Dosage ; *Genes, Insect ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction/genetics ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*genetics ; Sperm Motility
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: Face perception is a skill crucial to primates. In both humans and macaque monkeys, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals a system of cortical regions that show increased blood flow when the subject views images of faces, compared with images of objects. However, the stimulus selectivity of single neurons within these fMRI-identified regions has not been studied. We used fMRI to identify and target the largest face-selective region in two macaques for single-unit recording. Almost all (97%) of the visually responsive neurons in this region were strongly face selective, indicating that a dedicated cortical area exists to support face processing in the macaque.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678572/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678572/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsao, Doris Y -- Freiwald, Winrich A -- Tootell, Roger B H -- Livingstone, Margaret S -- EY13025/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13135/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P41:RR14075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY016187/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY016187-01A2/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):670-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. doris@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Electrophysiology ; *Face ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Synaptic Transmission ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Theory predicts that linkage between genetic loci reduces the efficiency of purifying selection. Because of the permanent linkage of all heritable genetic material, asexual lineages may be exceptionally prone to deleterious-mutation accumulation in both nuclear and organelle genes. Here, we show that the ratio of the rate of amino acid to silent substitution (Ka/Ks) in mitochondrial protein-coding genes is higher in obligately asexual lineages than in sexual lineages of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex. Using a phylogeny-based approach to quantify the frequency of mutational-effect classes, we estimate that mitochondrial protein-coding genes in asexual lineages accumulate deleterious amino acid substitutions at four times the rate in sexual lineages. These results support the hypothesis that sexual reproduction plays a prominent role in reducing the mutational burden in populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paland, Susanne -- Lynch, Michael -- GM36827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM036827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. spaland@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Daphnia/*genetics/*physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*genetics ; *Mutation ; *Parthenogenesis ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/virology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Global Health ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/virology ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1894-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; *Birth Rate ; *Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Emigration and Immigration ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parental Leave ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Public Policy ; *Reproductive Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-16
    Beschreibung: Liver regeneration is an orchestrated cellular response that coordinates cell activation, lipid metabolism, and cell division. We found that caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice (cav1-/- mice) exhibited impaired liver regeneration and low survival after a partial hepatectomy. Hepatocytes showed dramatically reduced lipid droplet accumulation and did not advance through the cell division cycle. Treatment of cav1-/- mice with glucose (which is a predominant energy substrate when compared to lipids) drastically increased survival and reestablished progression of the cell cycle. Thus, caveolin-1 plays a crucial role in the mechanisms that coordinate lipid metabolism with the proliferative response occurring in the liver after cellular injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, Manuel A -- Albor, Cecilia -- Ingelmo-Torres, Mercedes -- Nixon, Susan J -- Ferguson, Charles -- Kurzchalia, Teymuras -- Tebar, Francesc -- Enrich, Carlos -- Parton, Robert G -- Pol, Albert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1628-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Caveolae/metabolism ; Caveolin 1/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Fatty Acids/blood/metabolism ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/blood ; Liver/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Triglycerides/blood/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):488-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Peru/epidemiology ; Prevalence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: Humans restrain self-interest with moral and social values. They are the only species known to exhibit reciprocal fairness, which implies the punishment of other individuals' unfair behaviors, even if it hurts the punisher's economic self-interest. Reciprocal fairness has been demonstrated in the Ultimatum Game, where players often reject their bargaining partner's unfair offers. Despite progress in recent years, however, little is known about how the human brain limits the impact of selfish motives and implements fair behavior. Here we show that disruption of the right, but not the left, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation substantially reduces subjects' willingness to reject their partners' intentionally unfair offers, which suggests that subjects are less able to resist the economic temptation to accept these offers. Importantly, however, subjects still judge such offers as very unfair, which indicates that the right DLPFC plays a key role in the implementation of fairness-related behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knoch, Daria -- Pascual-Leone, Alvaro -- Meyer, Kaspar -- Treyer, Valerie -- Fehr, Ernst -- K24 RR018875/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):829-32. Epub 2006 Oct 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zurich, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland. dknoch@iew.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Decision Making ; Functional Laterality ; *Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Judgment ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Social Behavior ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Belize/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Health Education ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency/*prevention & control ; Male ; Organizations ; Prevalence ; Prisons ; United Nations ; Violence/*prevention & control
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Catholicism ; *Christianity ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Honduras/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prisons ; Prostitution
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/physiology ; Female ; Fundulidae/*genetics/*physiology ; *Genetic Variation ; Hermaphroditic Organisms ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 49
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):481-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; Health Services Accessibility ; Homosexuality, Male ; Honduras/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty ; Prevalence ; Prisoners ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Transients and Migrants ; Warfare
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/*therapeutic use ; Charities ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Guatemala/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Indians, Central American ; Male ; Prevalence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):478-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Guatemala/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Organizations ; Risk Factors ; *Transients and Migrants
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):475-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Heroin Dependence/*complications/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Prevalence ; Puerto Rico/epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurd, Peter L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-24
    Beschreibung: Organisms ranging from bacteria to humans synchronize their internal clocks to daily cycles of light and dark. Photic entrainment of the Drosophila clock is mediated by proteasomal degradation of the clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). We have identified mutations in jetlag-a gene coding for an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats-that result in reduced light sensitivity of the circadian clock. Mutant flies show rhythmic behavior in constant light, reduced phase shifts in response to light pulses, and reduced light-dependent degradation of TIM. Expression of JET along with the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) in cultured S2R cells confers light-dependent degradation onto TIM, thereby reconstituting the acute response + of the circadian clock to light in a cell culture system. Our results suggest that JET is essential for resetting the clock by transmitting light signals from CRY to TIM.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767177/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767177/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Kyunghee -- Zheng, Xiangzhong -- Sehgal, Amita -- NS048471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048471-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1809-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; Drosophila/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Light ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuker, David M -- Tregenza, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyde, Janet Shibley -- Linn, Marcia C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):599-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jshyde@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Achievement ; Adolescent ; *Aptitude ; Child ; Education ; Education, Graduate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Science/*education ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):470-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug ; therapy/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; *Ambulatory Care Facilities/economics ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/*therapeutic use ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Financial Support ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Haiti/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Organizations ; Poverty ; Prevalence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: We discovered that when adult rats experience an association between visual stimuli and subsequent rewards, the responses of a substantial fraction of neurons in the primary visual cortex evolve from those that relate solely to the physical attributes of the stimuli to those that accurately predict the timing of reward. In addition to revealing a remarkable type of response plasticity in adult V1, these data demonstrate that reward-timing activity-a "higher" brain function-can occur very early in sensory-processing paths. These findings challenge the traditional interpretation of activity in the primary visual cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuler, Marshall G -- Bear, Mark F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1606-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cues ; Dominance, Ocular ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Reward ; Time Perception/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Progerias are rare genetic diseases characterized by premature aging. Several progeroid disorders are caused by mutations that lead to the accumulation of a lipid-modified (farnesylated) form of prelamin A, a protein that contributes to the structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. In progeria, the accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A disrupts this scaffolding, leading to misshapen nuclei. Previous studies have shown that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) reverse this cellular abnormality. We tested the efficacy of an FTI (ABT-100) in Zmpste24-deficient mice, a mouse model of progeria. The FTI-treated mice exhibited improved body weight, grip strength, bone integrity, and percent survival at 20 weeks of age. These results suggest that FTIs may have beneficial effects in humans with progeria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fong, Loren G -- Frost, David -- Meta, Margarita -- Qiao, Xin -- Yang, Shao H -- Coffinier, Catherine -- Young, Stephen G -- AR050200/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL76839/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1621-3. Epub 2006 Feb 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. lfong@mednet.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Farnesyltranstransferase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Imidazoles/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Lamin Type A ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics ; Metalloendopeptidases/deficiency/genetics ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Progeria/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Prenylation/drug effects ; Rib Fractures/prevention & control ; Survival Rate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Dominican Republic/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Holidays ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; *Prostitution ; *Travel
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: Given the choice of waiting for an adverse outcome or getting it over with quickly, many people choose the latter. Theoretical models of decision-making have assumed that this occurs because there is a cost to waiting-i.e., dread. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the neural responses to waiting for a cutaneous electric shock. Some individuals dreaded the outcome so much that, when given a choice, they preferred to receive more voltage rather than wait. Even when no decision was required, these extreme dreaders were distinguishable from those who dreaded mildly by the rate of increase of neural activity in the posterior elements of the cortical pain matrix. This suggests that dread derives, in part, from the attention devoted to the expected physical response and not simply from fear or anxiety. Although these differences were observed during a passive waiting procedure, they correlated with individual behavior in a subsequent choice paradigm, providing evidence for a neurobiological link between the experienced disutility of dread and subsequent decisions about unpleasant outcomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820741/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820741/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berns, Gregory S -- Chappelow, Jonathan -- Cekic, Milos -- Zink, Caroline F -- Pagnoni, Giuseppe -- Martin-Skurski, Megan E -- DA00367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA016434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K08 DA000367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):754-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. gberns@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Anxiety ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cues ; *Decision Making ; Electroshock ; *Emotions ; *Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Pain/physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):473-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Agriculture ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dominican Republic/epidemiology ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Haiti/ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty ; Prevalence ; Saccharum
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-27
    Beschreibung: Pituitary adenomas are common in the general population, and understanding their molecular basis is of great interest. Combining chip-based technologies with genealogy data, we identified germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene in individuals with pituitary adenoma predisposition (PAP). AIP acts in cytoplasmic retention of the latent form of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and also has other functions. In a population-based series from Northern Finland, two AIP mutations account for 16% of all patients diagnosed with pituitary adenomas secreting growth hormone and for 40% of the subset of patients who were diagnosed when they were younger than 35 years of age. Typically, PAP patients do not display a strong family history of pituitary adenoma; thus, AIP is an example of a low-penetrance tumor susceptibility gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vierimaa, Outi -- Georgitsi, Marianthi -- Lehtonen, Rainer -- Vahteristo, Pia -- Kokko, Antti -- Raitila, Anniina -- Tuppurainen, Karoliina -- Ebeling, Tapani M L -- Salmela, Pasi I -- Paschke, Ralf -- Gundogdu, Sadi -- De Menis, Ernesto -- Makinen, Markus J -- Launonen, Virpi -- Karhu, Auli -- Aaltonen, Lauri A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1228-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, 90029 Oulu, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoma/*genetics ; Age of Onset ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Finland ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lod Score ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pedigree ; Penetrance ; Pituitary Neoplasms/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prolactinoma/genetics ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Sex Distribution
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; West Indies/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Mice experiencing repeated aggression develop a long-lasting aversion to social contact, which can be normalized by chronic, but not acute, administration of antidepressant. Using viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway-specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we showed that BDNF is required for the development of this experience-dependent social aversion. Gene profiling in the nucleus accumbens indicates that local knockdown of BDNF obliterates most of the effects of repeated aggression on gene expression within this circuit, with similar effects being produced by chronic treatment with antidepressant. These results establish an essential role for BDNF in mediating long-term neural and behavioral plasticity in response to aversive social experiences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berton, Olivier -- McClung, Colleen A -- Dileone, Ralph J -- Krishnan, Vaishnav -- Renthal, William -- Russo, Scott J -- Graham, Danielle -- Tsankova, Nadia M -- Bolanos, Carlos A -- Rios, Maribel -- Monteggia, Lisa M -- Self, David W -- Nestler, Eric J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):864-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Center for Basic Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aggression ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/*physiology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Dominance-Subordination ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Imipramine/pharmacology ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology ; Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/biosynthesis ; *Social Behavior ; Social Isolation ; *Stress, Psychological ; Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & ; control/virology ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/virology ; HIV-1/*classification/genetics ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Latin America/epidemiology ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1372-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Cichlids ; Ecology ; Female ; Finches ; Geography ; Insects ; Lizards ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):330.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Aggression ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Body Size ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Leg/*anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Male ; Primates/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Sex Characteristics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Jon D -- Scott, Eugenie C -- Okamoto, Shinji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):765-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA. jdmiller@msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age Factors ; *Attitude ; *Biological Evolution ; Educational Status ; Europe ; Female ; Genetics ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; Public Policy ; Religion ; Religion and Science ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, Rose E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; *Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Menarche ; Puberty ; *Sexual Maturation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dall, Sasha R X -- McNamara, John M -- Wedell, Nina -- Hosken, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: Protein aggregation is an established pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease, but little is known about the initiation of this process in vivo. Intracerebral injection of dilute, amyloid-beta (Abeta)-containing brain extracts from humans with Alzheimer's disease or beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice induced cerebral beta-amyloidosis and associated pathology in APP transgenic mice in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The seeding activity of brain extracts was reduced or abolished by Abeta immunodepletion, protein denaturation, or by Abeta immunization of the host. The phenotype of the exogenously induced amyloidosis depended on both the host and the source of the agent, suggesting the existence of polymorphic Abeta strains with varying biological activities reminiscent of prion strains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer-Luehmann, Melanie -- Coomaraswamy, Janaky -- Bolmont, Tristan -- Kaeser, Stephan -- Schaefer, Claudia -- Kilger, Ellen -- Neuenschwander, Anton -- Abramowski, Dorothee -- Frey, Peter -- Jaton, Anneliese L -- Vigouret, Jean-Marie -- Paganetti, Paolo -- Walsh, Dominic M -- Mathews, Paul M -- Ghiso, Jorge -- Staufenbiel, Matthias -- Walker, Lary C -- Jucker, Mathias -- NS45357/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1781-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*administration & dosage/*analysis/chemistry/pharmacology ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Amyloidosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Brain Diseases/*metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*chemistry/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Protein Denaturation ; Time Factors ; Tissue Extracts
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizzari, Tommaso -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Blows, Mark W -- Brooks, Rob -- Buchanan, Katherine L -- Clutton-Brock, Tim H -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hosken, Dave J -- Jennions, Michael D -- Kokko, Hanna -- Kotiaho, Janne S -- Lessells, C M -- Macias-Garcia, Constantino -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Partigridge, Linda -- Pitnick, Scott -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Snook, Rhonda R -- Stockley, Paula -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: The Caenorhabditis elegans anteroposterior axis is established in response to fertilization by sperm. Here we present evidence that RhoA, the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor ECT-2, and the Rho guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein CYK-4 modulate myosin light-chain activity to create a gradient of actomyosin, which establishes the anterior domain. CYK-4 is enriched within sperm, and paternally donated CYK-4 is required for polarity. These data suggest that CYK-4 provides a molecular link between fertilization and polarity establishment in the one-cell embryo. Orthologs of CYK-4 are expressed in sperm of other species, which suggests that this cue may be evolutionarily conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jenkins, Noah -- Saam, Jennifer R -- Mango, Susan E -- 2P30CA42014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K01DK02966-2/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056264/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056264-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056264-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1298-301. Epub 2006 Jul 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actomyosin/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; *Cell Polarity ; Cytokinesis ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/chemistry/*cytology/physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/analysis/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Myosin Light Chains/metabolism ; Myosin Type II/analysis ; Organelles/chemistry ; Proteins/analysis ; RNA Interference ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/ultrastructure ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-28
    Beschreibung: The bee fossil record is fragmentary, making it difficult to accurately estimate the antiquity of bee-mediated pollination. Here, we describe a bee fossil [Melittosphex burmensis (new species), Melittosphecidae (new family)] from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber (approximately 100 million years before the present). The fossil provides insights into the morphology of the earliest bees and provides a new minimum date for the antiquity of bees and bee-mediated pollination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poinar, G O Jr -- Danforth, B N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amber ; Animals ; *Bees/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Fossils ; Male ; Myanmar ; Pollen ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The current model of apoptosis holds that upstream signals lead to activation of downstream effector caspases. We generated mice deficient in the two effectors, caspase 3 and caspase 7, which died immediately after birth with defects in cardiac development. Fibroblasts lacking both enzymes were highly resistant to both mitochondrial and death receptor-mediated apoptosis, displayed preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and had defective nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Furthermore, the early apoptotic events of Bax translocation and cytochrome c release were also delayed. We conclude that caspases 3 and 7 are critical mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738210/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738210/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lakhani, Saquib A -- Masud, Ali -- Kuida, Keisuke -- Porter, George A Jr -- Booth, Carmen J -- Mehal, Wajahat Z -- Inayat, Irteza -- Flavell, Richard A -- 1 K08 HD044580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5 K12 HD01401/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK002965/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK002965-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K12 HD00850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NIDDK P30-34989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):847-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor/metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 7 ; Caspases/deficiency/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Shape ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Heart/embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism/*physiology ; Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology ; Permeability ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 77
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blaisdell, Aaron P -- Sawa, Kosuke -- Leising, Kenneth J -- Waldmann, Michael R -- MH12531/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1020-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Association Learning ; Bayes Theorem ; *Cognition ; Comprehension ; Forecasting ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Biomedical Research/*ethics/standards ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Male ; Oocyte Donation ; *Stem Cells
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: Germ cells in the mouse embryo can develop as oocytes or spermatogonia, depending on molecular cues that have not been identified. We found that retinoic acid, produced by mesonephroi of both sexes, causes germ cells in the ovary to enter meiosis and initiate oogenesis. Meiosis is retarded in the fetal testis by the action of the retinoid-degrading enzyme CYP26B1, ultimately leading to spermatogenesis. In testes of Cyp26b1-knockout mouse embryos, germ cells enter meiosis precociously, as if in a normal ovary. Thus, precise regulation of retinoid levels during fetal gonad development provides the molecular control mechanism that specifies germ cell fate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowles, Josephine -- Knight, Deon -- Smith, Christopher -- Wilhelm, Dagmar -- Richman, Joy -- Mamiya, Satoru -- Yashiro, Kenta -- Chawengsaksophak, Kallayanee -- Wilson, Megan J -- Rossant, Janet -- Hamada, Hiroshi -- Koopman, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):596-600. Epub 2006 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Reporter ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lac Operon ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mesonephros/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Naphthalenes/pharmacology ; *Oogenesis ; Ovary/embryology/metabolism ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sertoli Cells/enzymology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Signal Transduction ; *Spermatogenesis ; Testis/embryology/metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tretinoin/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: How do animals discriminate self-generated from external stimuli during behavior and prevent desensitization of their sensory pathways? A fundamental concept in neuroscience states that neural signals, termed corollary discharges or efference copies, are forwarded from motor to sensory areas. Neurons mediating these signals have proved difficult to identify. We show that a single, multisegmental interneuron is responsible for the pre- and postsynaptic inhibition of auditory neurons in singing crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). Therefore, this neuron represents a corollary discharge interneuron that provides a neuronal basis for the central control of sensory responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poulet, James F A -- Hedwig, Berthold -- S19133/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):518-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. james.poulet@epfl.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Dendrites/physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/*physiology ; Gryllidae/*physiology ; Interneurons/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Wings, Animal/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: Germline variants in MC1R, the gene encoding the melanocortin-1 receptor, and sun exposure increase risk for melanoma in Caucasians. The majority of melanomas that occur on skin with little evidence of chronic sun-induced damage (non-CSD melanoma) have mutations in the BRAF oncogene, whereas in melanomas on skin with marked CSD (CSD melanoma) these mutations are less frequent. In two independent Caucasian populations, we show that MC1R variants are strongly associated with BRAF mutations in non-CSD melanomas. In this tumor subtype, the risk for melanoma associated with MC1R is due to an increase in risk of developing melanomas with BRAF mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landi, Maria Teresa -- Bauer, Jurgen -- Pfeiffer, Ruth M -- Elder, David E -- Hulley, Benjamin -- Minghetti, Paola -- Calista, Donato -- Kanetsky, Peter A -- Pinkel, Daniel -- Bastian, Boris C -- K07 CA80700/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA025874-25-A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA5558/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA94963/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA95300/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):521-2. Epub 2006 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. landim@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Melanoma/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/*genetics ; Skin/pathology/*radiation effects ; Skin Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Sunlight/*adverse effects ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Geoffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; Humans ; Male ; Ovulation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: Social networks evolve over time, driven by the shared activities and affiliations of their members, by similarity of individuals' attributes, and by the closure of short network cycles. We analyzed a dynamic social network comprising 43,553 students, faculty, and staff at a large university, in which interactions between individuals are inferred from time-stamped e-mail headers recorded over one academic year and are matched with affiliations and attributes. We found that network evolution is dominated by a combination of effects arising from network topology itself and the organizational structure in which the network is embedded. In the absence of global perturbations, average network properties appear to approach an equilibrium state, whereas individual properties are unstable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kossinets, Gueorgi -- Watts, Duncan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology and Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University, 420 West 118th Street, MC 3355, New York, NY 10027, USA. gk297@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Electronic Mail ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Probability ; Proportional Hazards Models ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Support ; Students ; Survival Analysis ; Universities
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):518-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Animals ; Ataxia/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Axons/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/pathology ; *Family ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/*genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Genetic Counseling ; Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Humans ; Lamins/metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/chemistry/*genetics ; Syndrome ; Tremor/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 85
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: The human intestinal microbiota is composed of 10(13) to 10(14) microorganisms whose collective genome ("microbiome") contains at least 100 times as many genes as our own genome. We analyzed approximately 78 million base pairs of unique DNA sequence and 2062 polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from the fecal DNAs of two healthy adults. Using metabolic function analyses of identified genes, we compared our human genome with the average content of previously sequenced microbial genomes. Our microbiome has significantly enriched metabolism of glycans, amino acids, and xenobiotics; methanogenesis; and 2-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway-mediated biosynthesis of vitamins and isoprenoids. Thus, humans are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of microbial and human attributes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027896/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027896/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gill, Steven R -- Pop, Mihai -- Deboy, Robert T -- Eckburg, Paul B -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Samuel, Buck S -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- Relman, David A -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Nelson, Karen E -- AI51259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1355-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. srgill@buffalo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bacteria/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Bifidobacterium/genetics ; *DNA, Ribosomal ; Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Fermentation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology ; Intestines/metabolism/*microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Xenobiotics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-26
    Beschreibung: Years of intensive investigation have yielded a sophisticated understanding of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced in hippocampal area CA1 by high-frequency stimulation (HFS). These efforts have been motivated by the belief that similar synaptic modifications occur during memory formation, but it has never been shown that learning actually induces LTP in CA1. We found that one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning in rats produced the same changes in hippocampal glutamate receptors as induction of LTP with HFS and caused a spatially restricted increase in the amplitude of evoked synaptic transmission in CA1 in vivo. Because the learning-induced synaptic potentiation occluded HFS-induced LTP, we conclude that inhibitory avoidance training induces LTP in CA1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitlock, Jonathan R -- Heynen, Arnold J -- Shuler, Marshall G -- Bear, Mark F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1093-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/*physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, Maxine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):893.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Career Choice ; *Engineering ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prejudice ; *Science ; Stereotyping ; United States ; Universities ; *Women, Working
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-11
    Beschreibung: We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159423/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159423/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Sodergren, Erica -- Weinstock, George M -- Davidson, Eric H -- Cameron, R Andrew -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Angerer, Robert C -- Angerer, Lynne M -- Arnone, Maria Ina -- Burgess, David R -- Burke, Robert D -- Coffman, James A -- Dean, Michael -- Elphick, Maurice R -- Ettensohn, Charles A -- Foltz, Kathy R -- Hamdoun, Amro -- Hynes, Richard O -- Klein, William H -- Marzluff, William -- McClay, David R -- Morris, Robert L -- Mushegian, Arcady -- Rast, Jonathan P -- Smith, L Courtney -- Thorndyke, Michael C -- Vacquier, Victor D -- Wessel, Gary M -- Wray, Greg -- Zhang, Lan -- Elsik, Christine G -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Hofmann, Gretchen -- Kitts, Paul -- Landrum, Melissa J -- Mackey, Aaron J -- Maglott, Donna -- Panopoulou, Georgia -- Poustka, Albert J -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Song, Xingzhi -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Solovyev, Victor -- Wei, Zheng -- Whittaker, Charles A -- Worley, Kim -- Durbin, K James -- Shen, Yufeng -- Fedrigo, Olivier -- Garfield, David -- Haygood, Ralph -- Primus, Alexander -- Satija, Rahul -- Severson, Tonya -- Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Tong, Mark -- Killian, Christopher E -- Livingston, Brian T -- Wilt, Fred H -- Adams, Nikki -- Belle, Robert -- Carbonneau, Seth -- Cheung, Rocky -- Cormier, Patrick -- Cosson, Bertrand -- Croce, Jenifer -- Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio -- Geneviere, Anne-Marie -- Goel, Manisha -- Kelkar, Hemant -- Morales, Julia -- Mulner-Lorillon, Odile -- Robertson, Anthony J -- Goldstone, Jared V -- Cole, Bryan -- Epel, David -- Gold, Bert -- Hahn, Mark E -- Howard-Ashby, Meredith -- Scally, Mark -- Stegeman, John J -- Allgood, Erin L -- Cool, Jonah -- Judkins, Kyle M -- McCafferty, Shawn S -- Musante, Ashlan M -- Obar, Robert A -- Rawson, Amanda P -- Rossetti, Blair J -- Gibbons, Ian R -- Hoffman, Matthew P -- Leone, Andrew -- Istrail, Sorin -- Materna, Stefan C -- Samanta, Manoj P -- Stolc, Viktor -- Tongprasit, Waraporn -- Tu, Qiang -- Bergeron, Karl-Frederik -- Brandhorst, Bruce P -- Whittle, James -- Berney, Kevin -- Bottjer, David J -- Calestani, Cristina -- Peterson, Kevin -- Chow, Elly -- Yuan, Qiu Autumn -- Elhaik, Eran -- Graur, Dan -- Reese, Justin T -- Bosdet, Ian -- Heesun, Shin -- Marra, Marco A -- Schein, Jacqueline -- Anderson, Michele K -- Brockton, Virginia -- Buckley, Katherine M -- Cohen, Avis H -- Fugmann, Sebastian D -- Hibino, Taku -- Loza-Coll, Mariano -- Majeske, Audrey J -- Messier, Cynthia -- Nair, Sham V -- Pancer, Zeev -- Terwilliger, David P -- Agca, Cavit -- Arboleda, Enrique -- Chen, Nansheng -- Churcher, Allison M -- Hallbook, F -- Humphrey, Glen W -- Idris, Mohammed M -- Kiyama, Takae -- Liang, Shuguang -- Mellott, Dan -- Mu, Xiuqian -- Murray, Greg -- Olinski, Robert P -- Raible, Florian -- Rowe, Matthew -- Taylor, John S -- Tessmar-Raible, Kristin -- Wang, D -- Wilson, Karen H -- Yaguchi, Shunsuke -- Gaasterland, Terry -- Galindo, Blanca E -- Gunaratne, Herath J -- Juliano, Celina -- Kinukawa, Masashi -- Moy, Gary W -- Neill, Anna T -- Nomura, Mamoru -- Raisch, Michael -- Reade, Anna -- Roux, Michelle M -- Song, Jia L -- Su, Yi-Hsien -- Townley, Ian K -- Voronina, Ekaterina -- Wong, Julian L -- Amore, Gabriele -- Branno, Margherita -- Brown, Euan R -- Cavalieri, Vincenzo -- Duboc, Veronique -- Duloquin, Louise -- Flytzanis, Constantin -- Gache, Christian -- Lapraz, Francois -- Lepage, Thierry -- Locascio, Annamaria -- Martinez, Pedro -- Matassi, Giorgio -- Matranga, Valeria -- Range, Ryan -- Rizzo, Francesca -- Rottinger, Eric -- Beane, Wendy -- Bradham, Cynthia -- Byrum, Christine -- Glenn, Tom -- Hussain, Sofia -- Manning, Gerard -- Miranda, Esther -- Thomason, Rebecca -- Walton, Katherine -- Wikramanayke, Athula -- Wu, Shu-Yu -- Xu, Ronghui -- Brown, C Titus -- Chen, Lili -- Gray, Rachel F -- Lee, Pei Yun -- Nam, Jongmin -- Oliveri, Paola -- Smith, Joel -- Muzny, Donna -- Bell, Stephanie -- Chacko, Joseph -- Cree, Andrew -- Curry, Stacey -- Davis, Clay -- Dinh, Huyen -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fowler, Jerry -- Gill, Rachel -- Hamilton, Cerrissa -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jackson, Laronda -- Jolivet, Angela -- Kovar, Christie -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora -- Miner, George -- Morgan, Margaret -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Parker, David -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Thorn, Rachel -- Wright, Rita -- 2P42 ESO7381/PHS HHS/ -- 5 U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- EY11930/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 ESO12794/PHS HHS/ -- F32 HD047136/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD047136-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD047136-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32-HD47136/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- GM058231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM070840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61005/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD039948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD14483/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD66219/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272-13/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD028152/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R37-HD12896/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-15044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S19916/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- T32 GM007601/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):941-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/physiology ; Complement Activation/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes ; *Genome ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunologic Factors/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/embryology/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: Empathy is thought to be unique to higher primates, possibly to humans alone. We report the modulation of pain sensitivity in mice produced solely by exposure to their cagemates, but not to strangers, in pain. Mice tested in dyads and given an identical noxious stimulus displayed increased pain behaviors with statistically greater co-occurrence, effects dependent on visual observation. When familiar mice were given noxious stimuli of different intensities, their pain behavior was influenced by their neighbor's status bidirectionally. Finally, observation of a cagemate in pain altered pain sensitivity of an entirely different modality, suggesting that nociceptive mechanisms in general are sensitized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langford, Dale J -- Crager, Sara E -- Shehzad, Zarrar -- Smith, Shad B -- Sotocinal, Susana G -- Levenstadt, Jeremy S -- Chanda, Mona Lisa -- Levitin, Daniel J -- Mogil, Jeffrey S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1967-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Altruism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; *Empathy ; Female ; Formaldehyde/administration & dosage ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Mice/*psychology ; Pain/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; *Social Behavior
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: Reduction of core body temperature has been proposed to contribute to the increased life span and the antiaging effects conferred by calorie restriction (CR). Validation of this hypothesis has been difficult in homeotherms, primarily due to a lack of experimental models. We report that transgenic mice engineered to overexpress the uncoupling protein 2 in hypocretin neurons (Hcrt-UCP2) have elevated hypothalamic temperature. The effects of local temperature elevation on the central thermostat resulted in a 0.3 degrees to 0.5 degrees C reduction of the core body temperature. Fed ad libitum, Hcrt-UCP2 transgenic mice had the same caloric intake as their wild-type littermates but had increased energy efficiency and a greater median life span (12% increase in males; 20% increase in females). Thus, modest, sustained reduction of core body temperature prolonged life span independent of altered diet or CR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conti, Bruno -- Sanchez-Alavez, Manuel -- Winsky-Sommerer, Raphaelle -- Morale, Maria Concetta -- Lucero, Jacinta -- Brownell, Sara -- Fabre, Veronique -- Huitron-Resendiz, Salvador -- Henriksen, Steven -- Zorrilla, Eric P -- de Lecea, Luis -- Bartfai, Tamas -- MH58543/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS043501/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harold L. Dorris Neurological Research Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. bconti@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Animals ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Body Weight ; Circadian Rhythm ; Drinking ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/cytology/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Ion Channels/genetics/physiology ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Orexins ; Preoptic Area/cytology/*physiology ; Thermogenesis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silbey, Robert J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):171.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Faculty/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massachusetts ; Personnel Selection/statistics & numerical data ; *Science ; Universities/*manpower/statistics & numerical data ; Women, Working/*statistics & numerical data
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: It has been hypothesized that rats and other mammals can use stereo cues to localize odor sources, but there is limited behavioral evidence to support this hypothesis. We found that rats trained on an odor-localization task can localize odors accurately in one or two sniffs. Bilateral sampling was essential for accurate odor localization, with internasal intensity and timing differences as directional cues. If the stimulus arrived at the correct point of the respiration cycle, internasal timing differences as short as 50 milliseconds sufficed. Neuronal recordings show that bulbar neurons responded differentially to stimuli from the left and stimuli from the right.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajan, Raghav -- Clement, James P -- Bhalla, Upinder S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):666-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Agricultural Science-Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Male ; Nasal Cavity/innervation/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Nose/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Respiration ; Smell/*physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-23
    Beschreibung: Mast seeding, the intermittent, synchronous production of large seed crops by a population of plants, is a well-known example of resource pulses that create lagged responses in successive trophic levels of ecological communities. These lags arise because seed predators are thought capable of increasing reproduction and population size only after the resource pulse is available for consumption. The resulting satiation of predators is a widely cited explanation for the evolution of masting. Our study shows that both American and Eurasian tree squirrels anticipate resource pulses and increase reproductive output before a masting event, thereby increasing population size in synchrony with the resource pulse and eliminating the population lag thought to be universal in resource pulse systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boutin, Stan -- Wauters, Lucas A -- McAdam, Andrew G -- Humphries, Murray M -- Tosi, Guido -- Dhondt, Andre A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1928-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada. stan.boutin@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Belgium ; Cues ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Italy ; Litter Size ; Male ; Population Growth ; *Reproduction ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; Seasons ; *Seeds/growth & development ; Trees ; Yukon Territory
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-02
    Beschreibung: Bazin et al. (Reports, 28 April, 2006, p. 570) found no relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity and population size when comparing across large groups of animals. We show empirically that species with smaller populations, as represented by eutherian mammals, exhibit a positive correlation between mtDNA and allozyme variation, suggesting that mtDNA diversity may correlate with population size in these animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mulligan, Connie J -- Kitchen, Andrew -- Miyamoto, Michael M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Box 103610, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. mulligan@anthro.ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Invertebrates/genetics ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Population Density
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: The elucidation of the human genome sequence has made it possible to identify genetic alterations in cancers in unprecedented detail. To begin a systematic analysis of such alterations, we determined the sequence of well-annotated human protein-coding genes in two common tumor types. Analysis of 13,023 genes in 11 breast and 11 colorectal cancers revealed that individual tumors accumulate an average of approximately 90 mutant genes but that only a subset of these contribute to the neoplastic process. Using stringent criteria to delineate this subset, we identified 189 genes (average of 11 per tumor) that were mutated at significant frequency. The vast majority of these genes were not known to be genetically altered in tumors and are predicted to affect a wide range of cellular functions, including transcription, adhesion, and invasion. These data define the genetic landscape of two human cancer types, provide new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, and open fertile avenues for basic research in tumor biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sjoblom, Tobias -- Jones, Sian -- Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Lin, Jimmy -- Barber, Thomas D -- Mandelker, Diana -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Farrell, Christopher -- Meeh, Paul -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Willson, James K V -- Gazdar, Adi F -- Hartigan, James -- Wu, Leo -- Liu, Changsheng -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Park, Ben Ho -- Bachman, Kurtis E -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- CA 121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200433002C/PHS HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR 017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Substitution ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; *Consensus Sequence ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-20
    Beschreibung: Antibodies against nuclear self-antigens are characteristic of systemic autoimmunity, although mechanisms promoting their generation and selection are unclear. Here, we report that B cells containing the Y-linked autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) locus are intrinsically biased toward nucleolar antigens because of increased expression of TLR7, a single-stranded RNA-binding innate immune receptor. The TLR7 gene is duplicated in Yaa mice because of a 4-Megabase expansion of the pseudoautosomal region. These results reveal high divergence in mouse Y chromosomes and represent a good example of gene copy number qualitatively altering a polygenic disease manifestation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pisitkun, Prapaporn -- Deane, Jonathan A -- Difilippantonio, Michael J -- Tarasenko, Tatyana -- Satterthwaite, Anne B -- Bolland, Silvia -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1669-72. Epub 2006 May 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aminoquinolines/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/biosynthesis/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Autoimmunity/*genetics ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Nucleolus/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; *Gene Duplication ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; RNA/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/*genetics/immunology ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-30
    Beschreibung: The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galon, Jerome -- Costes, Anne -- Sanchez-Cabo, Fatima -- Kirilovsky, Amos -- Mlecnik, Bernhard -- Lagorce-Pages, Christine -- Tosolini, Marie -- Camus, Matthieu -- Berger, Anne -- Wind, Philippe -- Zinzindohoue, Franck -- Bruneval, Patrick -- Cugnenc, Paul-Henri -- Trajanoski, Zlatko -- Fridman, Wolf-Herman -- Pages, Franck -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1960-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U 255, Paris, 75006 France; Universite Paris-Descartes Paris 5, Faculte de Medecine, Paris, 75006 France. jerome.galon@u255.bhdc.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antigens, CD3/*analysis ; Antigens, CD45/analysis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunologic Memory ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology/prevention & control ; Neoplasm Staging ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: Sleep is a vital, evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, whose function is unclear. Although mounting evidence supports a role for sleep in the consolidation of memories, until now, a molecular connection between sleep, plasticity, and memory formation has been difficult to demonstrate. We establish Drosophila as a model to investigate this relation and demonstrate that the intensity and/or complexity of prior social experience stably modifies sleep need and architecture. Furthermore, this experience-dependent plasticity in sleep need is subserved by the dopaminergic and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate signaling pathways and a particular subset of 17 long-term memory genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ganguly-Fitzgerald, Indrani -- Donlea, Jeff -- Shaw, Paul J -- R01-NS051305-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1775-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92101, USA. transposase@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dopamine/analysis/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Hearing ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; *Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep ; Smell ; Social Environment ; Social Isolation ; Vision, Ocular
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, Frederick R -- Brenner, Charles H -- Lazer, David -- 1R01 HG2836-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1315-6. Epub 2006 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. fbieber@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Crime ; *Dna ; Databases, Genetic ; *Family ; Female ; *Forensic Medicine/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Male ; Monte Carlo Method ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: In female heterogamous (ZW) species, sex-linked genes coding for maternal products that are packaged into the egg open a unique arena for genetic conflict that does not occur in male heterogamous (XY) species. Z-linked maternal-effect alleles that help sons and harm daughters are expected to go to fixation, as are W-linked alleles that help daughters and harm sons. This conflict differs from known cases of meiotic drive, because sex-specific ontogeny, physiology, and gene expression greatly simplify the genetic interactions that lead to sexual conflict. Selection on maternal-effect genes may substantially alter the evolution of ZW compared with XY systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Paige M -- Gavrilets, Sergey -- Rice, William R -- GM56693/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. pmiller@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Genes ; Male ; Mathematics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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