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  • Female  (182)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (182)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009  (182)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 2005  (182)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (182)
  • Annual Reviews
Years
  • 2005-2009  (182)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Representation of action-specific reward values in the striatum (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: The estimation of the reward an action will yield is critical in decision-making. To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia in this process, we recorded striatal neurons of monkeys who chose between left and right handle turns, based on the estimated reward probabilities of the actions. During a delay period before the choices, the activity of more than one-third of striatal projection neurons was selective to the values of one of the two actions. Fewer neurons were tuned to relative values or action choice. These results suggest representation of action values in the striatum, which can guide action selection in the basal ganglia circuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samejima, Kazuyuki -- Ueda, Yasumasa -- Doya, Kenji -- Kimura, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1337-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Neurobiology, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 619-0288 Kyoto, Japan. samejima@lab.tamagawa.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; *Choice Behavior ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Adaptive coding of reward value by dopamine neurons (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-12
    Description: It is important for animals to estimate the value of rewards as accurately as possible. Because the number of potential reward values is very large, it is necessary that the brain's limited resources be allocated so as to discriminate better among more likely reward outcomes at the expense of less likely outcomes. We found that midbrain dopamine neurons rapidly adapted to the information provided by reward-predicting stimuli. Responses shifted relative to the expected reward value, and the gain adjusted to the variance of reward value. In this way, dopamine neurons maintained their reward sensitivity over a large range of reward values.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tobler, Philippe N -- Fiorillo, Christopher D -- Schultz, Wolfram -- 095495/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 11;307(5715):1642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK, and Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Learning ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Probability ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: We show that inferences of competence based solely on facial appearance predicted the outcomes of U.S. congressional elections better than chance (e.g., 68.8% of the Senate races in 2004) and also were linearly related to the margin of victory. These inferences were specific to competence and occurred within a 1-second exposure to the faces of the candidates. The findings suggest that rapid, unreflective trait inferences can contribute to voting choices, which are widely assumed to be based primarily on rational and deliberative considerations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todorov, Alexander -- Mandisodza, Anesu N -- Goren, Amir -- Hall, Crystal C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1623-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. atodorov@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Character ; Decision Making ; *Face/anatomy & histology ; Federal Government ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Judgment ; Leadership ; Male ; *Mental Competency ; *Politics ; *Social Perception ; Stereotyping ; Trust ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Neuroscience. Preventing Alzheimer's: a lifelong commitment? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):864-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Education ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; *Mental Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A pair of shelled eggs inside a female dinosaur (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-16
    Description: An oviraptosaurian specimen (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from an Upper Cretaceous formation in China retains a pair of shelled eggs in the pelvis, providing direct evidence that oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs laid paired elongatoolithid eggs. The presence of the paired eggs suggests that theropod dinosaurs had two functional oviducts (like crocodiles) but that each oviduct produced only one egg at a time and that an entire egg clutch was laid through multiple ovipositions (like birds). The orientations of the eggs inside the skeleton and in clutches indicate that the mother came to the center of the nest to lay eggs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sato, Tamaki -- Cheng, Yen-nien -- Wu, Xiao-chun -- Zelenitsky, Darla K -- Hsiao, Yu-fu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Canadian Museum of Nature (CMN), Post Office Box 3443, STN D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada. tsato@mus-nature.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Egg Shell ; Female ; *Fossils ; Oviducts/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Oviposition ; *Ovum
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Scientific misconduct. Researcher faces prison for fraud in NIH grant applications and papers (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1851.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Fraud ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Menopause ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Publishing ; *Research Support as Topic ; Retraction of Publication as Topic ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: Territorial behavior is expected to buffer populations against short-term environmental perturbations, but we have found that group living in African lions causes a complex response to long-term ecological change. Despite numerous gradual changes in prey availability and vegetative cover, regional populations of Serengeti lions remained stable for 10- to 20-year periods and only shifted to new equilibria in sudden leaps. Although gradually improving environmental conditions provided sufficient resources to permit the subdivision of preexisting territories, regional lion populations did not expand until short-term conditions supplied enough prey to generate large cohorts of surviving young. The results of a simulation model show that the observed pattern of "saltatory equilibria" results from the lions' grouping behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Packer, Craig -- Hilborn, Ray -- Mosser, Anna -- Kissui, Bernard -- Borner, Markus -- Hopcraft, Grant -- Wilmshurst, John -- Mduma, Simon -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. packer@cbs.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Antelopes ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Lions/physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Social Behavior ; Stochastic Processes ; Tanzania ; *Territoriality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Breast cancer. Fine-tuning breast density measures (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast/*anatomy & histology ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography ; Risk Factors ; *Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: The gene encoding the Nod2 protein is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, although the physiological function of Nod2 in the intestine remains elusive. Here we show that protective immunity mediated by Nod2 recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide is abolished in Nod2-deficient mice. These animals are susceptible to bacterial infection via the oral route but not through intravenous or peritoneal delivery. Nod2 is required for the expression of a subgroup of intestinal anti-microbial peptides, known as cryptdins. The Nod2 protein is thus a critical regulator of bacterial immunity within the intestine, providing a possible mechanism for Nod2 mutations in CD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Koichi S -- Chamaillard, Mathias -- Ogura, Yasunori -- Henegariu, Octavian -- Inohara, Naohiro -- Nunez, Gabriel -- Flavell, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/*immunology ; Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Ileum/*immunology/microbiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Diseases/immunology/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*physiology ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Listeria monocytogenes/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification ; Listeriosis/*immunology/microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Mice ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Precursors/biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Serum Albumin/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/microbiology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis ; alpha-Defensins/*biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    An entomopathogenic fungus for control of adult African malaria mosquitoes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Biological control of malaria mosquitoes in Africa has rarely been used in vector control programs. Recent developments in this field show that certain fungi are virulent to adult Anopheles mosquitoes. Practical delivery of an entomopathogenic fungus that infected and killed adult Anopheles gambiae, Africa's main malaria vector, was achieved in rural African village houses. An entomological inoculation rate model suggests that implementation of this vector control method, even at the observed moderate coverage during a field study in Tanzania, would significantly reduce malaria transmission intensity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholte, Ernst-Jan -- Ng'habi, Kija -- Kihonda, Japheth -- Takken, Willem -- Paaijmans, Krijn -- Abdulla, Salim -- Killeen, Gerry F -- Knols, Bart G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1641-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Post Office Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Culex/microbiology/physiology ; Female ; Housing ; *Hypocreales/pathogenicity/physiology ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; *Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium ; Spores, Fungal ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Physiology. Boosting gene extends mouse life span (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1310-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Longevity/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/blood/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Gender-specific reproductive tissue in ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: Unambiguous indicators of gender in dinosaurs are usually lost during fossilization, along with other aspects of soft tissue anatomy. We report the presence of endosteally derived bone tissues lining the interior marrow cavities of portions of Tyrannosaurus rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen number 1125) hindlimb elements, and we hypothesize that these tissues are homologous to specialized avian tissues known as medullary bone. Because medullary bone is unique to female birds, its discovery in extinct dinosaurs solidifies the link between dinosaurs and birds, suggests similar reproductive strategies, and provides an objective means of gender differentiation in dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schweitzer, Mary H -- Wittmeyer, Jennifer L -- Horner, John R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1456-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. schweitzer@ncsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/ultrastructure ; Chickens/anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Dromaiidae/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Femur/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Palaeognathae/*anatomy & histology ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Struthioniformes/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Ancient DNA. New methods yield mammoth samples (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1889.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dna ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Elephants/*genetics ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Specimen Handling
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    High-risk research. Six women among 13 NIH 'Pioneers' (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; *Biomedical Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Animal behavior. Strong personalities can pose problems in the mating game (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):694-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Birds/physiology ; Female ; Heteroptera/physiology ; Male ; Paternal Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; Spiders/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Transoceanic migration, spatial dynamics, and population linkages of white sharks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: The large-scale spatial dynamics and population structure of marine top predators are poorly known. We present electronic tag and photographic identification data showing a complex suite of behavioral patterns in white sharks. These include coastal return migrations and the fastest known transoceanic return migration among swimming fauna, which provide direct evidence of a link between widely separated populations in South Africa and Australia. Transoceanic return migration involved a return to the original capture location, dives to depths of 980 meters, and the tolerance of water temperatures as low as 3.4 degrees C. These findings contradict previous ideas that female white sharks do not make transoceanic migrations, and they suggest natal homing behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonfil, Ramon -- Meyer, Michael -- Scholl, Michael C -- Johnson, Ryan -- O'Brien, Shannon -- Oosthuizen, Herman -- Swanson, Stephan -- Kotze, Deon -- Paterson, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA. rbonfil@wcs.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Australia ; Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Female ; Homing Behavior ; Indian Ocean ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Satellite Communications ; Sex Characteristics ; Sharks/*physiology ; South Africa ; Swimming ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 17
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    AIDS research. IOM panel clears HIV prevention study (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nevirapine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Pilot Projects ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Uganda ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global circumnavigations: tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: Although albatrosses are paradigms of oceanic specialization, their foraging areas and migration routes when not breeding remain essentially unknown. Our continuous remote tracking of 22 adult gray-headed albatrosses for over 30 bird-years reveals three distinct strategies: (i) Stay in breeding home range; (ii) make return migrations to a specific area of the southwest Indian Ocean; and (iii) make one or more global circumnavigations (the fastest in just 46 days). The consistencies in patterns, routes, and timings offer the first hope of identifying areas of critical habitat for nonbreeding albatrosses, wherein appropriate management of longline fisheries might alleviate the plight of the world's most threatened family of birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Croxall, John P -- Silk, Janet R D -- Phillips, Richard A -- Afanasyev, Vsevolod -- Briggs, Dirk R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. jpcr@bas.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Breeding ; Environment ; Female ; *Homing Behavior ; Male ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. North Atlantic right whales in crisis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reproductive biology. A powerful first KiSS-1 (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):551-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology/secretion ; Humans ; Hypogonadism/genetics ; Kisspeptins ; Leptin/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Puberty/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Leptin ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental epigenomics meeting. Supplements restore gene function via methylation (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axin Protein ; Body Patterning/drug effects/genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Dietary Supplements ; Embryonic Development/drug effects/*genetics ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Folic Acid/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*drug effects ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Tail/embryology ; Vitamin B Complex/*administration & dosage/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Genetics. In voles, a little extra DNA makes for faithful mates (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Pair Bond ; Paternal Behavior ; Receptors, Vasopressin/*genetics/metabolism ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cells. Deriving 'controversy-free' ES cells is controversial (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):416-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/cytology ; *Cell Line ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Research/economics/*ethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Direct control of germline stem cell division and cyst growth by neural insulin in Drosophila (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Stem cells reside in specialized niches that provide signals required for their maintenance and division. Tissue-extrinsic signals can also modify stem cell activity, although this is poorly understood. Here, we report that neural-derived Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) directly regulate germline stem cell division rate, demonstrating that signals mediating the ovarian response to nutritional input can modify stem cell activity in a niche-independent manner. We also reveal a crucial direct role of DILPs in controlling germline cyst growth and vitellogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LaFever, Leesa -- Drummond-Barbosa, Daniela -- GM 069875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1071-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 4120B Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-8240, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Food ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Insulin/*physiology ; Mutation ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology/physiology ; Ovary/cytology/physiology ; Peptides/physiology ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Vitellogenesis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neandertals revisited meeting. The question of sex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):841.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; Female ; Fossils ; Hominidae/classification/*genetics ; Humans ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior
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    Animal behavior. Tool study supports chimp culture (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Culture ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Imitative Behavior ; *Learning ; *Pan troglodytes/psychology ; Social Class ; Social Conformity
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    PERIOD1-associated proteins modulate the negative limb of the mammalian circadian oscillator (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: The clock proteins PERIOD1 (PER1) and PERIOD2 (PER2) play essential roles in a negative transcriptional feedback loop that generates circadian rhythms in mammalian cells. We identified two PER1-associated factors, NONO and WDR5, that modulate PER activity. The reduction of NONO expression by RNA interference (RNAi) attenuated circadian rhythms in mammalian cells, and fruit flies carrying a hypomorphic allele were nearly arrhythmic. WDR5, a subunit of histone methyltransferase complexes, augmented PER-mediated transcriptional repression, and its reduction by RNAi diminished circadian histone methylations at the promoter of a clock gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Steven A -- Ripperger, Juergen -- Kadener, Sebastian -- Fleury-Olela, Fabienne -- Vilbois, Francis -- Rosbash, Michael -- Schibler, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):693-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland. steven.brown@molbio.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/metabolism ; Immunoprecipitation ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Genetics. Spliced gene determines objects of flies' desire (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain ; *Courtship ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; Ganglia, Invertebrate ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; *RNA Splicing ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Developmental biology. Endocrine disrupters trigger fertility problems in multiple generations (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1391-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/*toxicity ; Animals ; Endocrine Glands/*drug effects ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; Female ; Fertility/*drug effects/genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/chemically induced/genetics ; Inheritance Patterns ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Male ; Methoxychlor/*toxicity ; Oxazoles/*toxicity ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aggressive, or just looking for a good mate? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aisenberg, Anita D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spiders/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bacterial immunity traded for sperm viability in male crickets (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: The notion that a trade-off exists between immunity and reproduction is now a central concept in theories of sexual selection. However, whether such a trade-off exists between immunity and gamete viability has not been established. Here we show that genetic variance for high levels of an immune response required to fight bacterial infections is associated with genetic variance for low sperm viability. These data have implications for our understanding of sexual selection mechanisms and of reproductive costs in male longevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, Leigh W -- Roberts, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Animal Biology (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. lsimmons@cyllene.uwa.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Gryllidae/genetics/*immunology/*physiology ; Hemocytes/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Male ; Micrococcus/*immunology ; Muramidase/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ancient DNA from the first European farmers in 7500-year-old Neolithic sites (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-15
    Description: The ancestry of modern Europeans is a subject of debate among geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists. A crucial question is the extent to which Europeans are descended from the first European farmers in the Neolithic Age 7500 years ago or from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who were present in Europe since 40,000 years ago. Here we present an analysis of ancient DNA from early European farmers. We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 24 out of 57 Neolithic skeletons from various locations in Germany, Austria, and Hungary. We found that 25% of the Neolithic farmers had one characteristic mtDNA type and that this type formerly was widespread among Neolithic farmers in Central Europe. Europeans today have a 150-times lower frequency (0.2%) of this mtDNA type, revealing that these first Neolithic farmers did not have a strong genetic influence on modern European female lineages. Our finding lends weight to a proposed Paleolithic ancestry for modern Europeans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haak, Wolfgang -- Forster, Peter -- Bramanti, Barbara -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Brandt, Guido -- Tanzer, Marc -- Villems, Richard -- Renfrew, Colin -- Gronenborn, Detlef -- Alt, Kurt Werner -- Burger, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):1016-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. haakw@uni-mainz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Austria ; Base Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; Cultural Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry/classification/*genetics/history ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics/history ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Drift ; Genetics, Population ; Germany ; Haplotypes ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Hungary ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Dynamics
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    Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-23
    Description: Many large animal species have a high risk of extinction. This is usually thought to result simply from the way that species traits associated with vulnerability, such as low reproductive rates, scale with body size. In a broad-scale analysis of extinction risk in mammals, we find two additional patterns in the size selectivity of extinction risk. First, impacts of both intrinsic and environmental factors increase sharply above a threshold body mass around 3 kilograms. Second, whereas extinction risk in smaller species is driven by environmental factors, in larger species it is driven by a combination of environmental factors and intrinsic traits. Thus, the disadvantages of large size are greater than generally recognized, and future loss of large mammal biodiversity could be far more rapid than expected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardillo, Marcel -- Mace, Georgina M -- Jones, Kate E -- Bielby, Jon -- Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R P -- Sechrest, Wes -- Orme, C David L -- Purvis, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1239-41. Epub 2005 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. m.cardillo@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16037416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Homing Behavior ; Humans ; *Mammals/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal ; Regression Analysis ; Risk ; Weaning
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    Diversity. Summers's comments draw attention to gender, racial gaps (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):492-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Engineering ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *Science ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Genetics. Harvesting medical information from the human family tree (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altshuler, David -- Clark, Andrew G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1052-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. altshuler@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/*genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Databases, Genetic ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; *Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Selection, Genetic
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    Wanted: women in clinical trials (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, Viviana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Design ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sex Characteristics ; United States ; *Women ; Women's Health
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pesticide resistance via transposition-mediated adaptive gene truncation in Drosophila (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: To study adaptation, it is essential to identify multiple adaptive mutations and to characterize their molecular, phenotypic, selective, and ecological consequences. Here we describe a genomic screen for adaptive insertions of transposable elements in Drosophila. Using a pilot application of this screen, we have identified an adaptive transposable element insertion, which truncates a gene and apparently generates a functional protein in the process. The insertion of this transposable element confers increased resistance to an organophosphate pesticide and has spread in D. melanogaster recently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aminetzach, Yael T -- Macpherson, J Michael -- Petrov, Dmitri A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):764-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Azinphosmethyl/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Choline/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; Haplotypes ; Insecticide Resistance/*genetics ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Introns ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of Candida adhesins during UTI (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: The adherence of Candida glabrata to host cells is mediated, at least in part, by the EPA genes, a family of adhesins encoded at subtelomeric loci, where they are subject to transcriptional silencing. We show that normally silent EPA genes are expressed during murine urinary tract infection (UTI) and that the inducing signal is the limitation of nicotinic acid (NA), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). C. glabrata is an NA auxotroph, and NA-induced EPA expression is likely the result of a reduction in NAD+ availability for the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2p. The adaptation of C. glabrata to the host, therefore, involves a loss of metabolic capacity and exploitation of the resulting auxotrophy to signal a particular host environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Domergue, Renee -- Castano, Irene -- De Las Penas, Alejandro -- Zupancic, Margaret -- Lockatell, Virginia -- Hebel, J Richard -- Johnson, David -- Cormack, Brendan P -- 2PO1DK49720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AI46223/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):866-70. Epub 2005 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Candida glabrata/*genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Candidiasis/*microbiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Culture Media ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Fungal ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics/metabolism ; Lectins/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; NAD/metabolism ; Niacin/administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology/urine ; Niacinamide/pharmacology/urine ; Sirtuins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urine/microbiology ; Urothelium/microbiology ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Genetics. Motivating hotspots (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Only recently have we begun to characterize fine-scale recombination rates in mammals. In her Perspective, Przeworski discusses the work by Myers et al. in which linkage disequilibrium data have been used to produce a high-resolution recombination map for most of the human genome. More than 25,000 putative hotspots have been identified, as well as the first motifs that appear to influence their intensity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Przeworski, Molly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 57th Street, 507F CLSC, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mfp@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics
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    Global voices of science. It takes a village: medical research and ethics in Mali (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doumbo, Ogobara K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):679-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases (DEAP), Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, University of Bamako, Mali, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali. okd@mrtcbko.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/parasitology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/*ethics ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; *Ethics, Research ; Family ; Female ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Humans ; *Informed Consent ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; *Malaria/drug therapy/prevention & control/transmission ; Mali ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control
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    Anniversary reflections (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1153.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Authorship ; *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; *Research ; *Science ; *Women
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    Interindividual variation in posture allocation: possible role in human obesity (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Humans expend energy through purposeful exercise and through changes in posture and movement that are associated with the routines of daily life [called nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)]. To examine NEAT's role in obesity, we recruited 10 lean and 10 mildly obese sedentary volunteers and measured their body postures and movements every half-second for 10 days. Obese individuals were seated, on average, 2 hours longer per day than lean individuals. Posture allocation did not change when the obese individuals lost weight or when lean individuals gained weight, suggesting that it is biologically determined. If obese individuals adopted the NEAT-enhanced behaviors of their lean counterparts, they might expend an additional 350 calories (kcal) per day.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, James A -- Lanningham-Foster, Lorraine M -- McCrady, Shelly K -- Krizan, Alisa C -- Olson, Leslie R -- Kane, Paul H -- Jensen, Michael D -- Clark, Matthew M -- DK56650/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK63226/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK66270/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR00585/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):584-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Jim@Mayo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; *Body Weight ; Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; *Movement ; Obesity/*physiopathology ; Overnutrition ; Pilot Projects ; *Posture ; *Thermogenesis ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss
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    Stem cell self-renewal controlled by chromatin remodeling factors (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-03
    Description: The self-renewing ability of a stem cell is controlled by its specialized micro-environment or niche, whereas epigenetic regulation of gene expression by chromatin remodeling factors underlies cell fate determination. Here we report that the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling factors ISWI and DOM control germline stem cell and somatic stem cell self-renewal in the Drosophila ovary, respectively. The iswi mutant germline stem cells are lost rapidly because of defects in responding to bone morphogenetic protein niche signals and in repressing differentiation, whereas the dom mutant somatic stem cells are lost because of defective self-renewal. This work demonstrates that different stem cell types can use different chromatin remodeling factors to control cell self-renewal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xi, Rongwen -- Xie, Ting -- 1R01 GM64428-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1487-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16322456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*physiology ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Division/physiology ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/*physiology ; Drosophila/cytology/enzymology ; Drosophila Proteins/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutagenesis ; Ovary/cytology ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/*physiology
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    Bone quality fills holes in fracture risk (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1580.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aging ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/*cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Bone/*etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Osteoclasts/physiology ; Osteoporosis/pathology/*physiopathology ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Risk Assessment ; Sex Characteristics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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    Wolbachia establishment and invasion in an Aedes aegypti laboratory population (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: A proposed strategy to aid in controlling the growing burden of vector-borne disease is population replacement, in which a natural vector population is replaced by a population with a reduced capacity for disease transmission. An important component of such a strategy is the drive system, which serves to spread a desired genotype into the targeted field population. Endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria are potential transgene drivers, but infections do not naturally occur in some important mosquito vectors, notably Aedes aegypti. In this work, stable infections of wAlbB Wolbachia were established in A. aegypti and caused high rates of cytoplasmic incompatibility (that is, elimination of egg hatch). Laboratory cage tests demonstrated the ability of wAlbB to spread into an A. aegypti population after seeding of an uninfected population with infected females, reaching infection fixation within seven generations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xi, Zhiyong -- Khoo, Cynthia C H -- Dobson, Stephen L -- AI-51533/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Insect Vectors/microbiology ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Reproduction ; Wolbachia/*physiology
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    Whole-genome patterns of common DNA variation in three human populations (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: Individual differences in DNA sequence are the genetic basis of human variability. We have characterized whole-genome patterns of common human DNA variation by genotyping 1,586,383 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 71 Americans of European, African, and Asian ancestry. Our results indicate that these SNPs capture most common genetic variation as a result of linkage disequilibrium, the correlation among common SNP alleles. We observe a strong correlation between extended regions of linkage disequilibrium and functional genomic elements. Our data provide a tool for exploring many questions that remain regarding the causal role of common human DNA variation in complex human traits and for investigating the nature of genetic variation within and between human populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinds, David A -- Stuve, Laura L -- Nilsen, Geoffrey B -- Halperin, Eran -- Eskin, Eleazar -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Frazer, Kelly A -- Cox, David R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1072-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perlegen Sciences Inc., 2021 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/*genetics ; Algorithms ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Databases, Genetic ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Selection, Genetic
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    Expanded repeat in canine epilepsy (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-08
    Description: Epilepsy afflicts 1% of humans and 5% of dogs. We report a canine epilepsy mutation and evidence for the existence of repeat-expansion disease outside humans. A canid-specific unstable dodecamer repeat in the Epm2b (Nhlrc1) gene recurrently expands, causing a fatal epilepsy and contributing to the high incidence of canine epilepsy. Tracing the repeat origins revealed two successive events, starting 50 million years ago, unique to canid evolution. A genetic test, presented here, will allow carrier and presymptomatic diagnosis and disease eradication. Clinicopathologic characterization establishes affected animals as a model for Lafora disease, the most severe teenage-onset human epilepsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lohi, Hannes -- Young, Edwin J -- Fitzmaurice, Susan N -- Rusbridge, Clare -- Chan, Elayne M -- Vervoort, Mike -- Turnbull, Julie -- Zhao, Xiao-Chu -- Ianzano, Leonarda -- Paterson, Andrew D -- Sutter, Nathan B -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- Andre, Catherine -- Shelton, G Diane -- Ackerley, Cameron A -- Scherer, Stephen W -- Minassian, Berge A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA Repeat Expansion ; Dog Diseases/*genetics ; Dogs/*genetics ; Female ; Lafora Disease/genetics/*veterinary ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nojima, Satoshi -- Schal, Coby -- Webster, Francis X -- Santangelo, Richard G -- Roelofs, Wendell L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1104-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Blattellidae/*chemistry/physiology ; Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Electrodes ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Quinones/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Sense Organs/drug effects/physiology ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & ; purification/pharmacology
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    Environmental health. Debate continues over safety of water spiked with rocket fuel (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):507.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/embryology ; Female ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Perchlorates/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Risk Assessment ; Thyroid Gland/drug effects ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mortality and greenhouse gas impacts of biomass and petroleum energy futures in Africa (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: We analyzed the mortality impacts and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by household energy use in Africa. Under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, household indoor air pollution will cause an estimated 9.8 million premature deaths by the year 2030. Gradual and rapid transitions to charcoal would delay 1.0 million and 2.8 million deaths, respectively; similar transitions to petroleum fuels would delay 1.3 million and 3.7 million deaths. Cumulative BAU GHG emissions will be 6.7 billion tons of carbon by 2050, which is 5.6% of Africa's total emissions. Large shifts to the use of fossil fuels would reduce GHG emissions by 1 to 10%. Charcoal-intensive future scenarios using current practices increase emissions by 140 to 190%; the increase can be reduced to 5 to 36% using currently available technologies for sustainable production or potentially reduced even more with investment in technological innovation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailis, Robert -- Ezzati, Majid -- Kammen, Daniel M -- P01-AG17625/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):98-103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara ; *Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/prevention & control ; *Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide ; Charcoal ; Child ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Factual ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics ; Female ; Forecasting ; Fossil Fuels ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Mortality/trends ; *Petroleum ; Public Health/trends ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*mortality ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*mortality ; Rural Population ; Urban Population ; Wood
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    Stem cell research. Korean cloner admits lying about oocyte donations (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1402-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16322425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Deception ; Embryo Research/*ethics ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Korea ; Living Donors/ethics ; *Oocytes ; Public Opinion ; *Stem Cells
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    Let's talk about sex--and drugs (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Approval ; Female ; Humans ; Placebo Effect ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/*drug therapy ; Testosterone/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    LIN-12/Notch activation leads to microRNA-mediated down-regulation of Vav in C. elegans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-22
    Description: Cell-cell interactions and cross-talk between signaling pathways specify Caenorhabditis elegans vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to adopt a spatial pattern: a central "1 degrees " VPC, in which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is high and LIN-12/Notch activity is low, flanked by two "2 degrees " VPCs, in which LIN-12/Notch activity is high and EGFR-MAPK activity is low. Here, we identify a microRNA gene, mir-61, as a direct transcriptional target of LIN-12 and show that expression of mir-61 promotes the 2 degrees fate. We also identify vav-1, the ortholog of the Vav oncogene, as a target of mir-61, and show that down-regulation of VAV-1 promotes lin-12 activity in specifying the 2 degrees fate. Our results suggest that lin-12, mir-61, and vav-1 form a feedback loop that helps maximize lin-12 activity in the presumptive 2 degrees VPCs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010395/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010395/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoo, Andrew S -- Greenwald, Iva -- CA095389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095389-06A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1330-3. Epub 2005 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street, Room 720, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Down-Regulation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vulva/cytology/growth & development
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    Avian flu. First human case in Cambodia highlights surveillance shortcomings (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Female ; Humans ; *Influenza A virus ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Male ; *Population Surveillance ; Poultry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine fish egg hydration is aquaporin-mediated (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: The positive buoyancy of marine fish eggs in sea water, allowed by hydration of the oocyte, is critical for their survival and dispersion in the ocean. We isolated an aquaporin, SaAQP1o, that belongs to a unique subfamily of aquaporin-1-like channels specifically evolved in teleosts and mainly expressed in the ovary. We further show that hormone-induced fish oocyte hydration is a highly controlled process based on the interplay between protein hydrolysis and the translocation of SaAQP1o to the plasma membrane, indicating a specialized physiological role for this aquaporin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fabra, Mercedes -- Raldua, Demetrio -- Power, Deborah M -- Deen, Peter M T -- Cerda, Joan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):545.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center of Aquaculture-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Tarragona, Spain, and Reference Center in Aquaculture, Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aquaporin 1 ; Aquaporins/chemistry/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Female ; Fishes/genetics/physiology ; Mercuric Chloride/pharmacology ; Microvilli/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovary ; Permeability ; Phylogeny ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sea Bream/genetics/*physiology ; Water/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/genetics
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    Public health. Provocative study says obesity may reduce U.S. life expectancy (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Charles C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1716-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy/*trends ; Male ; Mortality ; Obesity/complications/*epidemiology ; Public Health ; United States/epidemiology
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    Neural systems responding to degrees of uncertainty in human decision-making (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: Much is known about how people make decisions under varying levels of probability (risk). Less is known about the neural basis of decision-making when probabilities are uncertain because of missing information (ambiguity). In decision theory, ambiguity about probabilities should not affect choices. Using functional brain imaging, we show that the level of ambiguity in choices correlates positively with activation in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and negatively with a striatal system. Moreover, striatal activity correlates positively with expected reward. Neurological subjects with orbitofrontal lesions were insensitive to the level of ambiguity and risk in behavioral choices. These data suggest a general neural circuit responding to degrees of uncertainty, contrary to decision theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Ming -- Bhatt, Meghana -- Adolphs, Ralph -- Tranel, Daniel -- Camerer, Colin F -- P01 NS19632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067681/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1680-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, 228-77, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Diseases/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; Confidence Intervals ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; *Decision Making ; Decision Theory ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Probability ; Reward ; Risk ; *Uncertainty
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    Postsynaptic receptor trafficking underlying a form of associative learning (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: To elucidate molecular, cellular, and circuit changes that occur in the brain during learning, we investigated the role of a glutamate receptor subtype in fear conditioning. In this form of learning, animals associate two stimuli, such as a tone and a shock. Here we report that fear conditioning drives AMPA-type glutamate receptors into the synapse of a large fraction of postsynaptic neurons in the lateral amygdala, a brain structure essential for this learning process. Furthermore, memory was reduced if AMPA receptor synaptic incorporation was blocked in as few as 10 to 20% of lateral amygdala neurons. Thus, the encoding of memories in the lateral amygdala is mediated by AMPA receptor trafficking, is widely distributed, and displays little redundancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rumpel, Simon -- LeDoux, Joseph -- Zador, Anthony -- Malinow, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):83-8. Epub 2005 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Animals ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Electrophysiology ; Fear ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/physiology
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    Selection on heritable phenotypic plasticity in a wild bird population (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Theoretical and laboratory research suggests that phenotypic plasticity can evolve under selection. However, evidence for its evolutionary potential from the wild is lacking. We present evidence from a Dutch population of great tits (Parus major) for variation in individual plasticity in the timing of reproduction, and we show that this variation is heritable. Selection favoring highly plastic individuals has intensified over a 32-year period. This temporal trend is concurrent with climate change causing a mismatch between the breeding times of the birds and their caterpillar prey. Continued selection on plasticity can act to alleviate this mismatch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nussey, Daniel H -- Postma, Erik -- Gienapp, Phillip -- Visser, Marcel E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Post Office Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. d.h.nussey@sms.ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Food ; *Inheritance Patterns ; Passeriformes/genetics/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Stem cells. Cloning researcher says work is flawed but claims results stand (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Vogel, Gretchen -- Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1886-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; *Embryo Research ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Peer Review, Research ; Retraction of Publication as Topic ; *Stem Cells
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    Comment on "Long-lived Drosophila with overexpressed dFOXO in adult fat body" (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tatar, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):675; author reply 675.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University, Division of Biology and Medicine, Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912, USA. marc_tatar@brown.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Fat Body/*metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression ; *Longevity ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Responsibility beyond 60 years (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bennett, Burton G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Japan/epidemiology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology/mortality ; *Nuclear Warfare ; Radiation Dosage ; *Radiation Effects ; Radiation Injuries/*epidemiology/mortality ; Radiation Protection ; United States ; World War II
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    Dynamic paternity allocation as a function of male plumage color in barn swallows (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Paternity in male animals can be influenced by their phenotypic signals of quality. Accordingly, the behavior underlying patterns of paternity should be flexible as signals of quality change. To evaluate the dynamics of paternity allocation, we analyzed paternity before and after manipulating plumage coloration, a known signal of quality, in male barn swallows Hirundo rustica. We found that, in successive breeding bouts, only males whose plumage color was experimentally enhanced received greater paternity from their social mates, demonstrating evidence for flexible and dynamic paternity allocation and the importance for males of maintaining signals of quality well after pair bond formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Safran, R J -- Neuman, C R -- McGraw, K J -- Lovette, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2210-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. rsafran@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breeding ; Fathers ; *Feathers ; Female ; Male ; Oviposition ; Pair Bond ; Phenotype ; *Pigmentation ; Seasons ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Swallows/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    HIV/AIDS. Prevention cocktails: combining tools to Stop HIV's spread (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1002-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; Adenine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Bupropion/therapeutic use ; *Circumcision, Male ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Female ; HIV/drug effects/physiology ; HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/*prevention & control/transmission ; Herpes Genitalis/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology/virology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects ; Humans ; *Hygiene ; Male ; Organophosphonates/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior ; Tenofovir ; Viral Load
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    Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Intraoperative electrical stimulation, which temporarily inactivates restricted regions during brain surgery, can map cognitive functions in humans with spatiotemporal resolution unmatched by other methods. Using this technique, we found that stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobule or the caudal superior temporal gyrus, but not of its rostral portion, determined rightward deviations on line bisection. However, the strongest shifts occurred with subcortical stimulation. Fiber tracking identified the stimulated site as a section of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus, a poorly known parietal-frontal pathway. These findings suggest that parietal-frontal communication is necessary for the symmetrical processing of the visual scene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel -- Urbanski, Marika -- Duffau, Hugues -- Volle, Emmanuelle -- Levy, Richard -- Dubois, Bruno -- Bartolomeo, Paolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM Unit 610, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital de la Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Awareness/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Glioma/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
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    Clinical trials: keeping score on the sexes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Research Design ; *Sex Characteristics ; United States ; *Women ; Women's Health
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    The problem of child sexual abuse (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fink, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1182-5; author reply 1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; *Child Abuse, Sexual/economics/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Child Welfare ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Risk Factors ; United States
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    Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Long-bone histology indicates that the most common early dinosaur, the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti from the Upper Triassic of Central Europe, had variable life histories. Although Plateosaurus grew at the fast rates typical for dinosaurs, as indicated by fibrolamellar bone, qualitative (growth stop) and quantitative (growth-mark counts) features of its histology are poorly correlated with body size. Individual life histories of P. engelhardti were influenced by environmental factors, as in modern ectothermic reptiles, but not in mammals, birds, or other dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sander, P Martin -- Klein, Nicole -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1800-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Palaontologie, Universitat Bonn, Nussallee 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. martin.sander@uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/*growth & development/physiology ; Environment ; Female ; Femur/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Fossils ; Germany ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Switzerland
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    A conserved checkpoint monitors meiotic chromosome synapsis in Caenorhabditis elegans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: We report the discovery of a checkpoint that monitors synapsis between homologous chromosomes to ensure accurate meiotic segregation. Oocytes containing unsynapsed chromosomes selectively undergo apoptosis even if a germline DNA damage checkpoint is inactivated. This culling mechanism is specifically activated by unsynapsed pairing centers, cis-acting chromosome sites that are also required to promote synapsis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Apoptosis due to synaptic failure also requires the C. elegans homolog of PCH2, a budding yeast pachytene checkpoint gene, which suggests that this surveillance mechanism is widely conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhalla, Needhi -- Dernburg, Abby F -- 1 F32 GM67408-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 1 R01 GM/CA655591-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM067408/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM067408-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM067408-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1683-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Chromosome Pairing/*physiology ; Chromosome Segregation ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mutation ; Oocytes/physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Type VII collagen is required for Ras-driven human epidermal tumorigenesis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: Type VII collagen defects cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering skin disorder often accompanied by epidermal cancers. To study the role of collagen VII in these cancers, we examined Ras-driven tumorigenesis in RDEB keratinocytes. Cells devoid of collagen VII did not form tumors in mice, whereas those retaining a specific collagen VII fragment (the amino-terminal noncollagenous domain NC1) were tumorigenic. Forced NC1 expression restored tumorigenicity to collagen VII-null epidermis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Fibronectin-like sequences within NC1 (FNC1) promoted tumor cell invasion in a laminin 5-dependent manner and were required for tumorigenesis. Tumor-stroma interactions mediated by collagen VII thus promote neoplasia, and retention of NC1 sequences in a subset of RDEB patients may contribute to their increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ortiz-Urda, Susana -- Garcia, John -- Green, Cheryl L -- Chen, Lei -- Lin, Qun -- Veitch, Dallas P -- Sakai, Lynn Y -- Lee, Hyangkyu -- Marinkovich, M Peter -- Khavari, Paul A -- AR43799/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR44012/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/*physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Child ; Collagen Type VII/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/complications/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology
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    Evolution. Did early humans go north or south? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forster, Peter -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):965-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK. pf223@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Fossils ; Founder Effect ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; India ; Indian Ocean ; Malaysia ; Male ; *Population Dynamics ; Time
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    Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-12
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in the elderly. We report a genome-wide screen of 96 cases and 50 controls for polymorphisms associated with AMD. Among 116,204 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped, an intronic and common variant in the complement factor H gene (CFH) is strongly associated with AMD (nominal P value 〈10(-7)). In individuals homozygous for the risk allele, the likelihood of AMD is increased by a factor of 7.4 (95% confidence interval 2.9 to 19). Resequencing revealed a polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with the risk allele representing a tyrosine-histidine change at amino acid 402. This polymorphism is in a region of CFH that binds heparin and C-reactive protein. The CFH gene is located on chromosome 1 in a region repeatedly linked to AMD in family-based studies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1512523/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1512523/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Robert J -- Zeiss, Caroline -- Chew, Emily Y -- Tsai, Jen-Yue -- Sackler, Richard S -- Haynes, Chad -- Henning, Alice K -- SanGiovanni, John Paul -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Mayne, Susan T -- Bracken, Michael B -- Ferris, Frederick L -- Ott, Jurg -- Barnstable, Colin -- Hoh, Josephine -- K01RR16090/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K25HG000060/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY015771/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH44292/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Z99 EY999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA EY000489-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):385-9. Epub 2005 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Case-Control Studies ; Choroid/immunology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Complement Factor H/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Complement Membrane Attack Complex/analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Histidine/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Introns ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/immunology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Smoking
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    Natural selection and developmental constraints in the evolution of allometries (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: In animals, scaling relationships between appendages and body size exhibit high interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. This pattern could result from natural selection for specific allometries or from developmental constraints on patterns of differential growth. We performed artificial selection on the allometry between forewing area and body size in a butterfly to test for developmental constraints, and then used the resultant increased range of phenotypic variation to quantify natural selection on the scaling relationship. Our results show that the short-term evolution of allometries is not limited by developmental constraints. Instead, scaling relationships are shaped by strong natural selection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198854/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198854/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankino, W Anthony -- Zwaan, Bas J -- Stern, David L -- Brakefield, Paul M -- R01 GM063622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063622-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):718-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. frankino@alumni.indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Butterflies/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology
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    Drug regulation. Plan B: A collision of science and politics (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):38-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Advisory Committees ; *Contraceptives, Postcoital/adverse effects ; *Drug Approval ; Female ; Humans ; *Levonorgestrel/adverse effects ; *Nonprescription Drugs/adverse effects ; Politics ; Sexual Behavior ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Epidemiology. DNA identifications after the 9/11 World Trade Center attack (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesecker, Leslie G -- Bailey-Wilson, Joan E -- Ballantyne, Jack -- Baum, Howard -- Bieber, Frederick R -- Brenner, Charles -- Budowle, Bruce -- Butler, John M -- Carmody, George -- Conneally, P Michael -- Duceman, Barry -- Eisenberg, Arthur -- Forman, Lisa -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Leclair, Benoit -- Niezgoda, Steven -- Parsons, Thomas J -- Pugh, Elizabeth -- Shaler, Robert -- Sherry, Stephen T -- Sozer, Amanda -- Walsh, Anne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dna ; *DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Disaster Planning ; Family ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; *September 11 Terrorist Attacks ; Specimen Handling ; United States
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    Restoration of tolerance in lupus by targeted inhibitory receptor expression (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Lupus, a multigenic autoimmune condition in which a breakdown of tolerance results in the development of autoantibodies, leads to a variety of pathologic outcomes. Despite the heterogeneity of factors influencing disease susceptibility, we demonstrate that the partial restoration of inhibitory Fc receptor (FcgRIIB) levels on B cells in lupus-prone mouse strains is sufficient to restore tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. FcgRIIB regulates a common B cell checkpoint in genetically diverse lupus-prone mouse strains, and modest changes in its expression can result in either tolerance or autoimmunity. Therefore, increasing FcgammaRIIB levels on B cells may be an effective way to treat autoimmune diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGaha, Tracy L -- Sorrentino, Brian -- Ravetch, Jeffrey V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):590-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Autoantibodies/blood ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Chromatin/immunology ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Kidney/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*immunology/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myeloid Cells/immunology ; Receptors, IgG/genetics/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/genetics ; *Self Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: Neuronal groups can interact with each other even if they are widely separated. One group might modulate its firing rate or its internal oscillatory synchronization to influence another group. We propose that coherence between two neuronal groups is a mechanism of efficient interaction, because it renders mutual input optimally timed and thereby maximally effective. Modulations of subjects' readiness to respond in a simple reaction-time task were closely correlated with the strength of gamma-band (40 to 70 hertz) coherence between motor cortex and spinal cord neurons. This coherence may contribute to an effective corticospinal interaction and shortened reaction times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs -- Oostenveld, Robert -- Fries, Pascal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):111-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EK Nijmegen, Netherlands. jan.schoffelen@fcdonders.ru.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Reaction Time ; Spinal Cord/*physiology
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    Breast cancer. Dissecting a hidden breast cancer risk (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast/*anatomy & histology/chemistry/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics/pathology/prevention & control ; Collagen/analysis ; Connective Tissue/anatomy & histology ; DNA/analysis ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Ethics, Clinical ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/physiology ; Genes ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
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    Firearm violence exposure and serious violent behavior (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-28
    Description: To estimate the cause-effect relationship between exposure to firearm violence and subsequent perpetration of serious violence, we applied the analytic method of propensity stratification to longitudinal data on adolescents residing in Chicago, Illinois. Results indicate that exposure to firearm violence approximately doubles the probability that an adolescent will perpetrate serious violence over the subsequent 2 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bingenheimer, Jeffrey B -- Brennan, Robert T -- Earls, Felton J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 27;308(5726):1323-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, 1420 Washington Heights, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. bartbing@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Chicago ; Crime ; Demography ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Firearms ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Juvenile Delinquency ; Likelihood Functions ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Peer Group ; Probability ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Environment ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Temperament ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Public health. Violence against women (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Moreno, Claudia -- Heise, Lori -- Jansen, Henrica A F M -- Ellsberg, Mary -- Watts, Charlotte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1282-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Gender, Women and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. garciamorenoc@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Battered Women/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Cultural Characteristics ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Domestic Violence/prevention & control/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; *Public Health ; *Spouse Abuse ; Women's Health Services ; World Health Organization
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cells. Collaborators split over ethics allegations (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Cooperative Behavior ; Embryo Research/*ethics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Oocytes/cytology ; Pennsylvania ; *Politics ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Suppression of aging in mice by the hormone Klotho (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: A defect in Klotho gene expression in mice accelerates the degeneration of multiple age-sensitive traits. Here, we show that overexpression of Klotho in mice extends life span. Klotho protein functions as a circulating hormone that binds to a cell-surface receptor and represses intracellular signals of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for extending life span. Alleviation of aging-like phenotypes in Klotho-deficient mice was observed by perturbing insulin and IGF1 signaling, suggesting that Klotho-mediated inhibition of insulin and IGF1 signaling contributes to its anti-aging properties. Klotho protein may function as an anti-aging hormone in mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536606/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536606/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurosu, Hiroshi -- Yamamoto, Masaya -- Clark, Jeremy D -- Pastor, Johanne V -- Nandi, Animesh -- Gurnani, Prem -- McGuinness, Owen P -- Chikuda, Hirotaka -- Yamaguchi, Masayuki -- Kawaguchi, Hiroshi -- Shimomura, Iichiro -- Takayama, Yoshiharu -- Herz, Joachim -- Kahn, C Ronald -- Rosenblatt, Kevin P -- Kuro-o, Makoto -- R01 AG019712/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG019712-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG025326/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG025326-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG19712/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG25326/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL063762/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U24 DK059637/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1829-33. Epub 2005 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Bouleuvard, Dallas, TX 75390-9072, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Eating ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myoblasts/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Stem cells. Scientists chase after immortality in a petri dish (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):1982-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; *Oocytes/cytology/physiology ; Ovary/cytology/physiology ; *Spermatozoa/cytology/physiology ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Testis/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reproductive biology. Controversial study finds an unexpected source of oocytes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):678-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Cells/*cytology/physiology/transplantation ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/physiopathology/therapy ; Mice ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology ; *Oogenesis ; Ovary/*cytology/physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Failure to detect mismatches between intention and outcome in a simple decision task (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: A fundamental assumption of theories of decision-making is that we detect mismatches between intention and outcome, adjust our behavior in the face of error, and adapt to changing circumstances. Is this always the case? We investigated the relation between intention, choice, and introspection. Participants made choices between presented face pairs on the basis of attractiveness, while we covertly manipulated the relationship between choice and outcome that they experienced. Participants failed to notice conspicuous mismatches between their intended choice and the outcome they were presented with, while nevertheless offering introspectively derived reasons for why they chose the way they did. We call this effect choice blindness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johansson, Petter -- Hall, Lars -- Sikstrom, Sverker -- Olsson, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):116-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lund University Cognitive Science, Lund University, Kungshuset Lundagard, 222 22 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Choice Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Esthetics ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; *Intention ; Male ; Thinking
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    Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after fusion with human embryonic stem cells (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: We have explored the use of embryonic stem cells as an alternative to oocytes for reprogramming human somatic nuclei. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells were fused with human fibroblasts, resulting in hybrid cells that maintain a stable tetraploid DNA content and have morphology, growth rate, and antigen expression patterns characteristic of hES cells. Differentiation of hybrid cells in vitro and in vivo yielded cell types from each embryonic germ layer. Analysis of genome-wide transcriptional activity, reporter gene activation, allele-specific gene expression, and DNA methylation showed that the somatic genome was reprogrammed to an embryonic state. These results establish that hES cells can reprogram the transcriptional state of somatic nuclei and provide a system for investigating the underlying mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowan, Chad A -- Atienza, Jocelyn -- Melton, Douglas A -- Eggan, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; Cell Shape ; Cell Transplantation ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Polyploidy ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
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    It's still a man's world at the top of big pharma research (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Drug Industry/*manpower/*organization & administration ; Female ; Humans ; *Research Personnel ; *Women, Working
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    Prenatal diagnosis. An earlier look at baby's genes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1476-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced/ethics ; Female ; Genetic Testing/*ethics ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*ethics ; Sex Determination Analysis/*ethics
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    Biochemistry. Irresistible lure for cockroaches determined (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1029-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blattellidae/*chemistry/physiology ; Electrodes ; Female ; Insect Control ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Quinones/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Sense Organs/drug effects/physiology ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & ; purification/pharmacology
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    Treatment of autoimmune neuroinflammation with a synthetic tryptophan metabolite (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-08
    Description: Local catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan (Trp) by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is considered an important mechanism of regulating T cell immunity. We show that IDO transcription was increased when myelin-specific T cells were stimulated with tolerogenic altered self-peptides. Catabolites of Trp suppressed proliferation of myelin-specific T cells and inhibited production of proinflammatory T helper-1 (T(H)1) cytokines. N-(3,4,-Dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (3,4-DAA), an orally active synthetic derivative of the Trp metabolite anthranilic acid, reversed paralysis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Trp catabolites and their derivatives offer a new strategy for treating T(H)1-mediated autoimmune diseases such as MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Platten, Michael -- Ho, Peggy P -- Youssef, Sawsan -- Fontoura, Paulo -- Garren, Hideki -- Hur, Eun Mi -- Gupta, Rohit -- Lee, Lowen Y -- Kidd, Brian A -- Robinson, William H -- Sobel, Raymond A -- Selley, Michael L -- Steinman, Lawrence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):850-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. michael.platten@uni-tuebingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16272121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & ; dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects/immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*drug therapy/immunology ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology/metabolism ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/drug effects/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; Myelin Proteins/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Tryptophan/*metabolism ; ortho-Aminobenzoates/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
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    Category-specific cortical activity precedes retrieval during memory search (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: Here we describe a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of humans engaged in memory search during a free recall task. Patterns of cortical activity associated with the study of three categories of pictures (faces, locations, and objects) were identified by a pattern-classification algorithm. The algorithm was used to track the reappearance of these activity patterns during the recall period. The reappearance of a given category's activity pattern correlates with verbal recalls made from that category and precedes the recall event by several seconds. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that category-specific activity is cueing the memory system to retrieve studied items.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polyn, Sean M -- Natu, Vaidehi S -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- Norman, Kenneth A -- MH070177-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH052864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH069456/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1963-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. polyn@psych.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Algorithms ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Space Perception/physiology
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    Parasitology. Twisted parasites from "outer space" perplex biologists (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Proffitt, Fiona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/parasitology ; Female ; Genome ; Grasshoppers/parasitology ; Gryllidae/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Insects/anatomy & histology/classification/parasitology/physiology ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Processes
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    Careers in science. More women in science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Handelsman, Jo -- Cantor, Nancy -- Carnes, Molly -- Denton, Denice -- Fine, Eve -- Grosz, Barbara -- Hinshaw, Virginia -- Marrett, Cora -- Rosser, Sue -- Shalala, Donna -- Sheridan, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1190-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA. joh@ plantpath.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; *Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Personnel Selection ; Prejudice ; *Science ; Universities ; *Women
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    Coupling between neuronal firing, field potentials, and FMRI in human auditory cortex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-06
    Description: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important tool for investigating human brain function, but the relationship between the hemodynamically based fMRI signals in the human brain and the underlying neuronal activity is unclear. We recorded single unit activity and local field potentials in auditory cortex of two neurosurgical patients and compared them with the fMRI signals of 11 healthy subjects during presentation of an identical movie segment. The predicted fMRI signals derived from single units and the measured fMRI signals from auditory cortex showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.75, P 〈 10(-47)). Thus, fMRI signals can provide a reliable measure of the firing rate of human cortical neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukamel, Roy -- Gelbard, Hagar -- Arieli, Amos -- Hasson, Uri -- Fried, Itzhak -- Malach, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):951-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood
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    Epigenetic transgenerational actions of endocrine disruptors and male fertility (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: Transgenerational effects of environmental toxins require either a chromosomal or epigenetic alteration in the germ line. Transient exposure of a gestating female rat during the period of gonadal sex determination to the endocrine disruptors vinclozolin (an antiandrogenic compound) or methoxychlor (an estrogenic compound) induced an adult phenotype in the F1 generation of decreased spermatogenic capacity (cell number and viability) and increased incidence of male infertility. These effects were transferred through the male germ line to nearly all males of all subsequent generations examined (that is, F1 to F4). The effects on reproduction correlate with altered DNA methylation patterns in the germ line. The ability of an environmental factor (for example, endocrine disruptor) to reprogram the germ line and to promote a transgenerational disease state has significant implications for evolutionary biology and disease etiology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anway, Matthew D -- Cupp, Andrea S -- Uzumcu, Mehmet -- Skinner, Michael K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1466-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/*toxicity ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Methylation ; Endocrine Glands/*drug effects ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; Estrogens/*toxicity ; Female ; Fertility/*drug effects/genetics ; Fungicides, Industrial/*toxicity ; Infertility, Male/chemically induced/genetics ; Inheritance Patterns ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Male ; Methoxychlor/*toxicity ; Oxazoles/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Spermatozoa/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Gender differences and performance in science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Carol B -- Ride, Sally M -- Fouke, Janie -- Whitney, Telle -- Denton, Denice D -- Cantor, Nancy -- Nelson, Donna J -- Plummer, Jim -- Busch-Vishniac, Ilene -- Meyers, Carolyn -- Rosser, Sue V -- Schiebinger, Londa -- Roberts, Eric -- Burgess, David -- Beeson, Craig -- Metz, Susan Staffin -- Sanders, Lucinda -- Watford, Bevlee A -- Ivey, Elizabeth S -- Frank Fox, Mary -- Wettack, Sheldon -- Klawe, Maria -- Wulf, William A -- Girgus, Joan -- Leboy, Phoebe S -- Babco, Eleanor L -- Shanahan, Betty -- Didion, Catherine -- Chubin, Daryl E -- Frize, Monique -- Ganter, Susan L -- Nalley, E Ann -- Franz, Judy -- Abruna, Hector D -- Strober, Myra H -- Zimmer Daniels, Jane -- Carter, Emily A -- Rhodes, Jean H -- Schrijver, Iris -- Zakian, Virginia A -- Simons, Barbara -- Martin, Ursula -- Boaler, Jo -- Jolluck, Katherine Rose -- Mankekar, Purnima -- Gray, Robert M -- Conkey, Margaret W -- Stansky, Peter -- Xie, Aihua -- Martin, Pino -- Katehi, Linda P B -- Miller, Jo Anne -- Tess Thornton, Amelia -- Lapaugh, Andrea -- Rhode, Deborah L -- Gelpi, Barbara C -- Harrold, Mary Jean -- Spencer, Cherrill M -- Schlatter Ellis, Carla -- Lord, Susan -- Quinn, Helen -- Murnane, Margaret -- Jones, Patricia P -- Hellman, Frances -- Wight, Gail -- O'hara, Ruth -- Pickering, Mary -- Sheppard, Sheri -- Leith, David -- Paytan, Adina -- Sommer, Matthew H -- Shafer, Audrey -- Grusky, David -- Yennello, Sherry -- Madan, Ashima -- Johnson, Denise L -- Yanagisako, Sylvia -- Chou-Green, Jennifer M -- Robinson, Sandra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Science ; *Sex Characteristics ; Social Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-12
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common, late-onset, and complex trait with multiple risk factors. Concentrating on a region harboring a locus for AMD on 1q25-31, the ARMD1 locus, we tested single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association with AMD in two independent case-control populations. Significant association (P = 4.95 x 10(-10)) was identified within the regulation of complement activation locus and was centered over a tyrosine-402 --〉 histidine-402 protein polymorphism in the gene encoding complement factor H. Possession of at least one histidine at amino acid position 402 increased the risk of AMD 2.7-fold and may account for 50% of the attributable risk of AMD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, Albert O -- Ritter, Robert 3rd -- Abel, Kenneth J -- Manning, Alisa -- Panhuysen, Carolien -- Farrer, Lindsay A -- EY014467/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):421-4. Epub 2005 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology and McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSWMC), 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. albert-edwards@swbell.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Complement Activation/genetics ; Complement Factor H/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Histidine ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Macular Degeneration/etiology/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multigene Family ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Tyrosine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Tracing modern human origins (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harpending, Henry -- Eswaran, Vinayak -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):1995-7; author reply 1995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Host suppression and stability in a parasitoid-host system: experimental demonstration (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: We elucidate the mechanisms causing stability and severe resource suppression in a consumer-resource system. The consumer, the parasitoid Aphytis, rapidly controlled an experimentally induced outbreak of the resource, California red scale, an agricultural pest, and imposed a low, stable pest equilibrium. The results are well predicted by a mechanistic, independently parameterized model. The key mechanisms are widespread in nature: an invulnerable adult stage in the resource population and rapid consumer development. Stability in this biologically nondiverse agricultural system is a property of the local interaction between these two species, not of spatial processes or of the larger ecological community.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murdoch, William -- Briggs, Cheryl J -- Swarbrick, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):610-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. murdoch@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Citrus ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/growth & development/*parasitology/*physiology ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Hymenoptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Longevity ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Sex Ratio ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Axonopathy and transport deficits early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: We identified axonal defects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease that preceded known disease-related pathology by more than a year; we observed similar axonal defects in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Axonal defects consisted of swellings that accumulated abnormal amounts of microtubule-associated and molecular motor proteins, organelles, and vesicles. Impairing axonal transport by reducing the dosage of a kinesin molecular motor protein enhanced the frequency of axonal defects and increased amyloid-beta peptide levels and amyloid deposition. Reductions in microtubule-dependent transport may stimulate proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein, resulting in the development of senile plaques and Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokin, Gorazd B -- Lillo, Concepcion -- Falzone, Tomas L -- Brusch, Richard G -- Rockenstein, Edward -- Mount, Stephanie L -- Raman, Rema -- Davies, Peter -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Williams, David S -- Goldstein, Lawrence S B -- EY12598/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13408/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG05131/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007042/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007042-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013408/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013408-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1282-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Animals ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*pathology/physiology ; Basal Nucleus of Meynert/pathology ; Brain/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/ultrastructure ; Female ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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