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  • SPACE VEHICLES  (2,693)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (1,865)
  • BIOSCIENCES  (1,698)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (7,216)
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  • 1
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Mulilayer thin film structures consisting of systems of shells filled with gas at some pressure are recommended for outer space structures: Large mirrors to collect light and radio waves, protection against meteoric impact and damage, and for connectors between state space stations in the form of orbital rings. It is projected that individual orbital rings will multiply and completely seal a star trapping its high temperature radiation and transforming it into low temperature infrared and short wave radio emission; this radiation energy could be utilized for technological and biological processes.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 161-169
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Manned interstellar expeditions require future ion propulsion rocket engines able to achieve a flight velocity of 0.3 times the speed of light, and a closed ecological system onboard the interstellar spacecraft that incorporates biological links and complicated technical facilities to insure long term life support for its crew.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 135-153
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of man's entry into space on changes in economics and technology, politics and law, science, philosophy, and art are considered. A single world economy, extracting from the natural resources of the moon and other cosmic bodies raw materials and energy, will avoid terrestrial limitations and improve society by eliminating the inequalities of economic and social status. However, a spacecraft for interplanetary travel require thermonuclear engines that achieve an escape velocity of 0.1 times the speed of light in order to allow an astronaut stellar expedition corresponding to the active life of a single generation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 128-134
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The selection of spacecraft experiments and equipment to detect extraterrestrial life outside earth centers on observations of chemical compounds similar to amino acids and proteins, on signs of metabolism in the form of nutrient absorption, and life form impressions in fossiles or signs of civilization.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820; p 42-52
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Psychological selection of astronauts considers mental responses and adaptation to the following space flight stress factors: (1) confinement in a small space; (2) changes in three dimensional orientation; (3) effects of altered gravity and weightlessness; (4) decrease in afferent nerve pulses; (5) a sensation of novelty and danger; and (6) a sense of separation from earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 29-41
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biotechnological aspects of manned space flight are reviewed and the basic biological problems of training and sustaining man in interplanetary flights are elaborated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 17-28
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  • 7
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The task of building a spacecraft is compared to the construction of an artificial cybernetic system able to acquire and process information. Typical features for future spacecraft are outlined and the assignment of duties in spacecraft control between automatic devices and the crew is analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 2-16
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper presents representative results of sonic-boom overpressure data recorded during the launch and reentry of the Apollo 15 and 16 space vehicle systems. Comparisons are made between measured overpressures and those predicted using available theory. The measurements were obtained along the vehicle ground track at 68, 87, 92, 129, and 970 km downrange from the launch site during ascent, and at 9, 13, 55, 185, and 500 km from the splash-down point during reentry. Also included are tracings of the sonic-boom signatures along with a brief description of the launch and recovery test areas in which the measurements were obtained, the sonic-boom instrumentation deployment, flight profiles and operating conditions, and high-altitude weather information for the general measurement areas.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Five patients were studied with left ventriculography during different phases of the Valsalva manoeuvre. Small doses of contrast medium allowed adequate repetitive visualization of the left ventricle for volume calculation. During strain phase, the volume of the left ventricle decreased by nearly 50 per cent in each case, and stroke volume and cardiac output also dropped strikingly. Release of straining was attended by a sharp rebound of left ventricular volume to control levels, with a transient surge of increased cardiac output 42 per cent above that of the resting state.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; July 197
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  • 10
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: NASA's Applications Technology Satellite-6 is being used to test a variety of new space communications concepts requiring the use of a geosynchronous-orbit spacecraft. These include broadcast of health and education television programs to small, low-cost ground receiving units in remote regions. Other studies to be conducted are related to aeronautical and maritime communications, position-location, and traffic-control techniques. Questions concerning spacecraft tracking and data relay are also investigated. The 1,402 kg spacecraft consists essentially of an Earth Viewing Module connected to a deployable reflector antenna. Details regarding the planned experiments and the spacecraft design are discussed and a brief history of the ATS program is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Spaceflight; 16; Sept
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cardiovascular responses associated with pre- and postflight orthostatic tolerance evaluations of Apollo crewmen are presented with a brief historical survey and a discussion of their implications for future manned space flight. Heart rates were increased while systolic and pulse pressures were decreased during the immediate postflight orthostatic evaluation. A postflight elevation in resting heart rate was a less frequent finding.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Microbiological samples were obtained from the crewmembers of the Apollo 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 spaceflights. These specimens were analyzed for the presence of medically important microorganisms with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Tricophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans being discussed in detail. Preflight isolation of crewmembers was found to coincide with a complete absence of inflight disease events and is recommended for future spaceflights. No autoinfection response (microbial shock) occurred after any of the reported spaceflights.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 13
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper outlines the major aspects of the development of large earth orbital space stations. At the outset, the uses of the space station are surveyed and the major systems and configurational drivers enumerated. A representative 12-man space station, studied by the Space Division of North American Rockwell Corporation under NASA contract is described. The subsequent discussion centers around earth-to-orbit logistics and possible future missions with emphasis on the establishment of a branch station geosynchronous orbit. In dealing with the associated transportation between low and high orbits, the concept of a geospace shuttle station oscillating between near-earth and synchronous orbit is compared with conventional shuttle vehicles with chemical and nuclear propulsion. In the final part, the evolution of the 12-man space station to a larger space base is described.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments are described which were designed to assess the degree of adaptation that occurs in rats chronically exposed to the stress of a water-deprivation regimen and to determine if that adaptation represents a normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There were no significant differences in mean corticosterone concentrations among control nondeprived rats 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the start of the experiment. The water-deprived rats, however, had significantly elevated plasma steroids 1 and 4 weeks after the onset of deprivation as compared to controls, but not after 8 weeks. Thus, there was a significant decrease in mean plasma corticosterone levels during water deprivation from 1 week to 8 weeks.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Physiology and Behavior; 12; 1974
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This study documents bedrest-induced metabolic and physiologic changes in six untrained men exposed, following a two-week period of simulated weightlessness, to possible +Gz acceleration profiles anticipated for Space Shuttle vehicle travel. All subjects demonstrated decreased +Gz tolerance following simulated weightlessness. While only one of six subjects could not tolerate the +Gz profile in the control phase of the study, three of the six could not complete the postbed-rest study. The use of an inflated standard Air Force cutaway G-suit improved +Gz tolerance in all subjects, but two of six subjects still failed to complete the profile. These findings are discussed in reference to the selection of untrained humans for Space Shuttle vehicle travel.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; June 197
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  • 16
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Significant advances have occurred over the past 15 years in the ability to measure ventricular dimensions. Angiocardiography still remains the most reliable method for overall determination of chamber size and shape and serves as a standard for calibration or comparison for newer methods. Improvements in the use of radiographic methods over the next few years are anticipated with more extensive use of multiplane studies associated with repeated injections of improved contrast materials that produce fewer physiological effects or with substances that adhere to the endocardial surfaces. It is also anticipated that existing methods for automatically obtaining dimensional information from X rays will be continued and improved.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Circulation Research; 34; Jan. 197
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation is conducted to evaluate the response of the pituitary-adrenal system to a stress stimulus in the rat. In the investigation brain serotonin synthesis was inhibited with p-chlorophenylalanine. In other tests the concentration of serotonin was enhanced with precursors such as tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan. On the basis of the results obtained in the study it is speculated that in some disease states there is a defect in serotonergic neuronal processes which impairs pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanisms.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 248; Mar. 29
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent design alterations and refinements in the Space Shuttle program are considered with particular attention to the present baseline Shuttle configurations, performance characteristics, mission profiles, and flight and ground operations. Hardware and software development and testing, propulsion systems, entry trajectory events, and payload capability are covered. The refined Space Shuttle system design is characterized as one reflecting firm technical and economic considerations. Systems development is well under way, with all major contractors progressing on schedule.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Fluorescent probes were used to study the structure of the cell envelope of Halobacterium cutirubrum, and, in particular, to explore the effect of the heterogeneity of the lipids in this organism on the structure of the bilayers. The fluorescence polarization of perylene was followed in vesicles of unfractionated lipids and polar lipids as a function of temperature in 3.4 M solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and KSCN, and it was found that vesicles of unfractionated lipids were more perturbed by chaotropic agents than polar lipids. The dependence of the relaxation times of perylene on temperature was studied in cell envelopes and in vesicles prepared from polar lipids, unfractionated lipids, and mixtures of polar and neutral lipids.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 356; 1974
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  • 21
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The acute radiation syndrome in man is clinically bounded by death at high dose levels and by the prodromal syndrome of untoward physiological effects at minimal levels of clinically effective exposure. As in lower animals, man experiences principally three acute modes of death from radiation exposure (Bond et al., 1965). These are known collectively as the lethal radiation syndromes: central nervous system death, gastrointestinal death, and hematopoietic death. The effect of multiple exposure on lethality, the effect of multiple exposure on hematopoietic recovery, and quantitative aspects of cell and tissue repair are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Young Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 mm Hg in constant environment capsules for 90 days. Lung tissue examined by electron microscopy revealed a number of changes, many similar to those observed after exposure to oxygen at 760 mm Hg for shorter periods of time. Alterations in vesicle size and number and in mitochondrial matrix and cristae appear in both the endothelial and epithelial cells. Blebbing and rarefication of cytoplasm occur in both cell layers of the alveolo-capillary wall. Also seen are fluid in the basement membrane, platelets in the capillaries, and alveolar fluid and debris. All of these alterations occur at 1 atm exposure. However, after exposure to 450 mm Hg the changes are not as widespread nor as destructive as they are at the higher pressure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Sept
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The rotational stability of a dual-spin satellite consisting of a main body and a symmetric rotor, both spinning about a common axis, is investigated. The main body is equipped with a spring-mass damper, while a partially filled viscous ring damper is mounted on the rapidly spinning rotor. The effect of fluid motion on the rotational stability of the satellite is calculated, considering the fluid as a single particle moving in a tube with viscous damping. Time constants are obtained by solving approximate equations of motion for the nutation-synchronous and the spin-synchronous modes, and the results are found to agree well with the numerical integrations of the exact equations. A limit cycle may exist for some configurations; the nutation angle tends to increase in such cases.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; July 197
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach involving the measurement of hydrogen evolution by test organisms was used to detect and enumerate various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The experimental setup for measuring hydrogen evolution consisted of a test tube containing two electrodes plus broth and organisms. The test tube was kept in a water bath at a temperature of 35 C. It is pointed out that the hydrogen-sensing method, coupled with the pressure transducer technique reported by Wilkins (1974) could be used in various experiments in which gas production by microorganisms is being measured.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The therapeutic effect of a constant and varying magnetic field on epicondylitis of the humerus is studied on ninety patients. Good results are obtained from the treatment (recovery of 80%, considerable improvement in 14.5%). The method is recommended for clinical application.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 191-197
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The data which have been obtained on the influence of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood indicate that the wearing of magnetic bracelets results in a decrease in the coagulation activity of the blood and an increase in the activity of the anticoagulation system. These changes must be viewed as favorable for patients with cardiovascular pathology.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 167-190
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Prolonged exposure of animals to a constant magnetic field resulted in a sharp increase in the amount of fibrinogen. The addition of EACA to the plasma of experimental rabbits as well as protamine sulfate caused an additional increase in the amount of fibrinogen. A 20-hour exposure was accompanied by phenomena of paralysis of the pelvic limbs and death of some of the animals.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 163-166
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effect of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the fibrinogen-fibrin system was studied in the organism of healthy rabbits with exposure times of 1 and 5 hours. The results obtained indicate disruptions in the stage of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and an increase in the amount of fibrinogen.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 157-161
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  • 29
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In an experiment on white mice it was found that a constant electromagnetic field with strength of 250-275 oersteds is biologically active at an exposure of 55 minutes. Qualitative and morphological changes in thrombocytes 1-3 days following exposure reduced their numbers, prolonged blood coagulation time and increased the number of leucocytes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 141-147
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The protective effect of a constant magnetic field sharply reduced spontaneous lysis of E. coli cells when subjected to ultraviolet radiation. A protective effect of a CMF was found in a study of tissue cultures of normally growing cells (kidney epithelium) and cancer cells (cells from a cancer of the larynx). The protective effect of a CMF is also seen in a combined exposure of tissue cultures to X-rays and CMF energy (strength of the CMF was 2000 oersteds with a gradient of 500 oersteds/cm). The data obtained are of interest to experimental oncology (development of new methods of treating malignant tumors).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 148-156
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data are presented on the use of the method of magnetobiological indication for defining the immunobiological state of patients with very serious diseases. It has been found that the enzymes of a patient react more sensitively to the energy from a magnetic field. It is important that the magnetoreactivity of the enzymes, like the cell forms of the blood in the patients, have a certain relationship to the clinical-nosological forms and the dynamics of the illness of the subject.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 129-140
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of constant and varying magnetic fields on the coagulation of the blood was studied in experiments performed in vitro and vivo. In the in vitro tests it was found that a constant magnetic field with a strength of 100 or 200 oersteds influences the coagulation of the blood, retarding it in some cases and speeding up the coagulation time in others. In the in vivo studies, both retarding and accelerating effects were likewise observed with respect to the coagulation of the blood, but the nature of the change was a function of the background. A normalizing effect of the magnetic field on the coagulation of the blood was observed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 124-128
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The fibrinolytic activity of plasma changes under the influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 or 2500 oersteds. CMF shows a tendency toward normalization of fibrinolytic processes in the presence of pathological disturbances in fibrinolysis activation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 117-123
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 and 2500 oersteds on the recalcification reaction and the tolerance of plasma to heparin was studied as a function of the exposure time of the plasma to the CMF. The maximum and reliable change in the activation of the coagulatory system of the blood was observed after a 20-hour incubation of the plasma in a CMF. As the exposure time increased, the recalcification reaction changed insigificantly; the difference between the mean arithmetic of the experiment and control values was not statistically reliable. The tolerance of the plasma to heparin as a function of the exposure time to the CMF of the plasma was considerably modified, an was statistically reliable.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 109-116
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Changes are discussed in the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits under the influence of a constant magnetic field of an intensity of 2500 oersteds against the background of artificially induced anemia. Reversibility of the changes produced and the presence of the adaptational effect are noted. Taking all this into consideration, the changes involving the coagulatory system of the blood which arise under the influence of a constant magnetic field may be considered to have a nerve-reflex nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 97-108
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits was studied; the animals were subjected to this field for one and five hours. The magnetic field acts on the coagulatory system of the blood after only one hour exposure. Repeated 5-hour exposures cause activation of the anticoagulatory system in the blood and causes distinctive effects on the subsequent changes in the coagulatory system of the blood. It is quite likely that in this instance the adaptational properties of the organism make themselves felt.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 82-96
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a magnetic field of 10,000 gamma on the conditions of the coagulatory system of rabbits was studied. The results from a number of experiments indicate that the action of a very weak magnetic field produces an increase in the coagulatory activity of the blood.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 73-81
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  • 38
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This magnetobiological survey considers sensory, nervous, stress and genetic effects of magnetic fields on man and animals. It is shown that the nervous system plays an important role in the reactions of the organism to magnetic fields; the final biological effect is a function of the strength of the magnetic fields, the gradient, direction of the lines of force, duration and location of the action, and the functional status of the organism.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 59-72
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Possible pathways for the action of factors related to solar activity and its magnetic effects on the epidemic process are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 31-38
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Statistical evaluations of the significance of the relationship of abrupt changes in solar activity and discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of an epidemic process are reported. They reliably (with probability of more than 99.9%) show the real nature of this relationship and its great specific weight (about half) in the formation of discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of the processes in question.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 49-58
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis of data from epidemics makes it possible to determine their principal causes, governed by environmental factors (solar activity, etc.) The results of an analysis of the periodicity of the epidemic process in the case of diphtheria are presented which was conducted with the aid of autocorrelation and spectral methods of analysis. Numerical data (annual figures) are used on the dynamics of diphtheria in 50 regions (points) with a total duration of 2,777 years.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 39-48
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  • 42
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis indices by month showed an increase in the activity of these processes from winter to summer (1967-1968). At all seasons of the year, fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis increase during weather of the cyclonic type with passage of fronts and sharp fluctuations in meteorological factors in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 24-30
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  • 43
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On magnetically-active days, activation of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis is observed. The increase in fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis begins on the day of the onset of a magnetic storm, reaching a maximum in 24 hours. Activation is higher on days with magnetic storms with a sudden onset and a C index of 1.5-2.0.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 16-20
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that on days with frontal activity in the atmosphere the levels of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. The reactions of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis to the passage of warm and cold fronts varies with the season of the year.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 20-23
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: During periods of high solar activity fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. A direct correlative relationship is established between the indices of fibrinolysis, fibrinogenolysis and solar flares which were recorded two days before the blood was collected for analysis.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 12-15
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The question of the considerable variations in various blood parameters under the influence of changes in environmental factors is discussed. Recommendations are given that so-called normal values should be given special attention. Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity studies on the blood in healthy human beings revealed significant differences for individual months and even on specific days. Changes in the activity of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis show a correlation with changes in the meteorological conditions, seasonal variations and changes in solar activity.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 9-11
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  • 47
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Heliobiology studies the influence of changes in solar activity on life. Considered are the influence of periodic solar activity on the development and growth of epidemics, mortality from various diseases, the functional activity of the nervous system, the development of psychic disturbances, the details of the development of microorganisms and many other phenomena in the living world.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 1-8
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As part of the operational biomedical monitoring for Apollo manned missions, ECG and respiration rate are telemetered at selected intervals to mission control. The data were collected as part of this monitoring program. These data were evaluated for circadian and ultradian rhythmicity because of their uniqueness. The ability to detect and quantitate biorhythms in living systems during space flight is an important aspect of evaluating hypotheses concerning the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena. Circadian variation in heart rate during space flight is demonstrated here. In analyzing generated time series data it has been found that period discrimination is much better than the theoretical limit.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The plasma hydrocortisone, plasma ACTH, and urinary hydrocortisone values were recorded for each man of the crews of Apollo flights eight through fifteen, 30, 14, and 5 days before flight, immediately after spaceflight recovery, and on future days until the return of most variables to preflight values. The plasma and urinary preflight hydrocortisone values were significantly higher than the postflight values. This result is discussed in terms of three possible explanations: (1) the adrenal-cortical function is suppressed during spaceflight; (2) the activity in flight may amount to stressful exercise, which tests have shown can cause a decrease in plasma adrenocortical hormones; and (3) the in-flight work-rest cycles may be such as to affect the circadian periodicity of the pituitary-adrenal function.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 50
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the results of a Mars surface-to-orbit launch vehicle study using an upgraded atmospheric density profile and an ascent trajectory optimization program. Orbit insertion was achieved with velocity losses less than those found in an earlier study. Values of thrust-to-mass ratio which minimize velocity losses for dual-burn vehicles were found to be significantly greater than the values of thrust-to-launch-mass ratio for the minimum-velocity-loss continuous-burn vehicle. The use of a two-stage solid-propellant vehicle employing a spin-stabilized second stage offers an attractive design option for a Mars surface-to-orbit launch vehicle.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; June 197
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Canadian Journal of Botany; 52; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experimental study of the auditory and visual averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) recorded during hyperoxia, and investigation of the effect of hyperoxia on the so-called contingent negative variation (CNV). No effect of hyperoxia was found on the auditory AEP, the visual AEP, or the CNV. Comparisons with previous studies are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology; 37; Oct. 197
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of 3 years of research are presented concerning the increase in length and weight of the aerial biomass as compared with the underground biomass, as well as the productivity indexes of Bezostaia 1 winter wheat. The experiment involved two varieties, each of them with nine repetitions. Sterile sifted sand treated several times with a Knop solution during the vegetative period was used as a seed bed. The seeds were kept in water for 2 hours before treatment. Biometric and statistical measurements showed significant responses in the treated varieties.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 244-249
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Irradiation of Aurora 100 tomatoes by a hydrodynamic ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 25 kHz per sec intensifies seed germination and the growth of the plants, causing precosity and increasing the output by 15.63 to 37.65%. The most effective radiation time (between 20 and 40 min) intensifies the phenophases. It causes some increase in output and changes in the chemical compositions of the fruits.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 238-242
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; Apr. 197
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 58
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The basic objectives of the ERTS-1 mission are defined as follows: (1) to determine what data can be acquired from an orbiting satellite on the natural and cultural resources and on the environment; and (2) to develop and demonstrate the combination of data-acquisition procedures and interpretative techniques which can make this new knowledge available for use in the many facets of man's life. A general description of the satellite's observatory system and its sensors is given, including the thermal control subsystem, the power subsystem, the attitude control subsystem, the orbit adjust subsystem, the telemetry and tracking systems, the communications and data handling subsystem, the return beam vidicon subsystem, the multispectral scanner subsystem, the two wideband video tape recorders, and the data collection subsystem.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Environmental Sciences; 17; Mar
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Biological Chemistry; 249; Jan. 10
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  • 60
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Details of powered flight are considered, giving attention to the lift-off, engine thrust, and separation from the S-1VB stage. The rendezvous checklist was performed on time and exactly prior to the first phasing maneuver. The Command Service Module was finally maneuvered to a position for hard docking. Attention is given to aspects of extravehicular activity during the mission and delays experienced in the separation procedure.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 61
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On Dec. 4, 1973, after 21 months in flight, Pioneer 10 passed by Jupiter at a distance within 130,000 km of its cloud tops. During the month before and after, instrumentation on the spacecraft made a number of scientific measurements of the Jupiter environment, thus completing one of three scientific objectives of the mission. Previously, Pioneer 10 had explored the asteroid belt and had completed the second scientific objective by determining that the belt did not present a hazard to spacecraft passing through it. The third objective, the exploration of interplanetary phenomena, started with the launch of Pioneer 10 and will not be completed until 1977 when the spacecraft nears the orbit of Uranus and the signal from the spacecraft becomes too weak to be heard at ground receivers.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Electrophoresis has contributed significantly to the methodology of biological sciences, and shows the potential for large scale fractionation of a wide range of medically important substances, including living cells. Gravity plays an important role in the electrophoretic process, and hence the importance of the NASA effort to develop a zero-gravity separation facility as part of its shuttle program. The current state of art in electrophoresis is reviewed with particular emphasis on the role of gravity and the possible use of istachophoresis. This technique utilizes a discontinuous buffer system, and appears to be the only high resolution electrophoretic technique currently available for separation of living cells.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 729-253
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  • 63
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The use of sounding rockets for the conduct of, and verification of, processing experiments and techniques under conditions of weightlessness are summarized. The experimental payloads, project management, mission schedules are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 565-579
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  • 64
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The SERT D (Space Electric Rocket Test - D) study defines a possible spacecraft project that would demonstrate the use of electric ion thrusters for long-term (5 yr) station keeping and attitude control of a synchronous orbit satellite. Other mission objectives included in the study were: station walking to satellite rendezvous and inspection, use of low cost attitude sensing system, use of an advanced solar array orientation and slip ring system, and an ion thruster integrated directly with a solar array power source. The SERT D spacecraft, if launched, will become SERT 3 the third space electric thruster test.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71494
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo command module was the first manned spacecraft to be designed to enter the atmosphere of the earth at lunar-return velocity, and the design of the thermal protection subsystem for the resulting entry environment presented a major technological challenge. Brief descriptions of the Apollo command module thermal design requirements and thermal protection configuration, and some highlights of the ground and flight testing used for design verification of the system are presented. Some of the significant events that occurred and decisions that were made during the program concerning the thermal protection subsystem are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7564 , JSC-S-383
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytical and experimental investigation has been made to provide a space shuttle orbiter wing design that met the guideline requirements of landing performance, stability, and hypersonic trim for a specified center-of-gravity envelope. The analytical study was facilitated by the use of the Optimal Design Integration system (ODIN) and the experimental part of the investigation was conducted in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel and the Langley continuous-flow hypersonic tunnel.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7478 , L-9099
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: During the space power facility jettison tests, the non-domed half of the Centaur standard shroud was allowed to completely separate from its hinge connection and was caught in a horizontal catch net. A rigid body dynamic analysis that was performed to predict the half shroud prior to and after net contact is presented. Analytical predictions of the longitudinal and circumferential bending moments imposed on the half shroud by the catch net and the net pressure on the half shroud corrugated skin are also presented.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71537 , E-7943
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A series of hypervelocity impacts has been conducted in an exploding lithium-wire accelerator to examine with a far-field holographic system the removal of particulate contaminants from external spacecraft surfaces subjected to micrometeoroid bombardment. The impacting projectiles used to simulate the micrometeoroids were glass spheres nominally 37 microns in diameter, having velocities between 4 and 17 km/sec. The particulates were glass spheres nominally 25, 50, and 75 microns in diameter which were placed on aluminum targets. For these test, particulates detached had velocities that were log-normally distributed. The significance of the log-normal behavior of the ejected-particulate velocity distribution is that the geometric mean velocity and the geometric standard deviation are the only two parameters needed to model completely the process of particles removed or ejected from a spacecraft surface by a micrometeoroid impact.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7494 , L-9269
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The sequence of the command and service module milestone review process is given, and the Customer Acceptance Readiness Review and Flight Readiness Review plans are presented. Contents of the System Summary Acceptance Documents for the two formal spacecraft reviews are detailed, and supplemental data required for presentation to the review boards are listed. Typical forms, correspondence, supporting documentation, and minutes of a board meeting are included.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7599 , JSC-S-389
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted in a 3.5-foot hypersonic wind tunnel. The model used for this test was a 0.010-scale of the Configuration 2 Space Shuttle Orbiter and the External Tank. Six-component aerodynamic force and moment data were recorded over an angle of attack range from -8 deg to +30 deg at 0 deg and 5 deg angles of sideslip. Data was also recorded during beta sweeps of -8 deg to +10 deg at angles of attack of -10 deg, 0 deg, and 30 deg. All testing was done at Mach 7.3. Various elevon, rudder and orbiter to external tank attaching structures and fairings were tested to determine longitudinal and lateral-directional stability characteristics. Non-metric exhaust plumes were installed during a portion of the testing to determine the effects of the main propulsion system rocket plumes.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134089 , DMS-DR-2102
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of transporting radioactive waste produced in the process of generating electricity in nuclear powerplants into space for ultimate disposal was investigated at the request of the AEC as a NASA in-house effort. The investigation is part of a broad AEC study of methods for long-term storage or disposal of radioactive waste. The results of the study indicate that transporting specific radioactive wastes, particularly the actinides with very long half-lives, into space using the space shuttle/tug as the launch system, appears feasible from the engineering and safety viewpoints. The space transportation costs for ejecting the actinides out of the solar system would represent less than a 5-percent increase in the average consumer's electric bill.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2912 , E-7676
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A literature search was made to obtain values of human forearm, hand and finger blood flow as functions of environmental temperature. The sources used include both government and laboratory reports and the research presented in the open literature. An attempt was made to review many of the more quantitative noninvasive determinations and to collate the results in such a way as to yield blood flow values for each body segment as continuous functions of temperature. A brief review of the various ways used to measure blood flow is included along with an abstract of each work from which data was taken.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62342
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two bedrest studies of 56 days each have been conducted to evaluate the effects of prolonged bedrest on circadian synchrony and endocrine and metabolic function. Measurements included the pituitary-adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, insulin-glucose-growth hormones, catecholamine excretion, body temperature, and heart rate. The results indicated that a rigorous regimen of exercise did not prevent the endocrine and metabolic effects of prolonged bedrest. Changes in circadian, endocrine, and metabolic functions in bedrest appear to be due to changes in hydrostatic pressure and lack of postural cues rather than to inactivity, confinement, or the bleeding schedule. Prolonged bedrest, particularly beyond 24 days, resulted in rhythm desynchronization in spite of well regulated light/dark cycles, temperature, humidity, activity, and meal times and meal composition and in increased lability of all endocrine parameter measured. It also resulted in an apparent insensitivity of the glucose response to insulin, of cortisol secretion to ACTH, and of growth hormone secretion to hypoglycemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3051 , A-5339
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sensitive tests for the detection of extracellular enzyme activity in Martian soil was investigated using simulated Martian soil. Enzyme action at solid-liquid water interfaces and at low humidity were studied, and a kinetic scheme was devised and tested based on the growth of microorganisms and the oxidation of ammonium nitrite.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-138587
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N74-18505.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134554
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a .0405 scale representation of the space shuttle orbiter in a 7.75 x 11 foot low speed wind tunnel during the time period March 21, to April 17, 1973. The primary test objectives were to investigate both the aerodynamic and propulsion effects of various air breathing engine systems in free air and in the presence of the ground. The free air portion of this test investigated the aerodynamic effects of engine nacelle number, nacelle grouping, and nacelle location. For this testing the model was sting mounted on a six component internal strain gage balance entering through the model base. The ground plane portion of the aerodynamic test investigated the same nacelle effects at ground plane locations of full scale W.P. = 239.9, 209.3, 158.9, 108.5, and 7.78 in. At the conclusion of the aerodynamic test period the propulsion effects of various nacelle locations and freestream orientations in the presence of the ground were investigated.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128793 , DMS-DR-2038
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method is described for compression molding of thermosetting plastics composition. Heat is applied to the compressed load in a mold cavity and adjusted to hold molding temperature at the interface of the cavity surface and the compressed compound to produce a thermal front. This thermal front advances into the evacuated compound at mean right angles to the compression load and toward a thermal fence formed at the opposite surface of the compressed compound.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An article having a cavity with a thin bottom wall is provided by assembling a thin sheet, for example, a metal sheet, adjacent to the surface of a member having one or more apertures. A bonding adhesive is interposed between the thin sheet and the subadjacent member, and the thin sheet is subjected to a high fluid pressure. In order to prevent the differential pressure from being exerted against the thin sheet, the aperture is filled with a plug of solid material having a linear coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of the member. When the assembly is subjected to pressure, the material is heated to a temperature such that its expansion exerts a pressure against the thin sheet thus reducing the differential pressure.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experiment was performed in conjunction with the Apollo 16 launch to define operational and instrumentational problems associated with launch-vehicle exhaust effluent monitoring. Ground and airborne sampling were performed for CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and particulates. Sampling systems included filter pads and photometers for particulates and whole-air grab samples for gases. Launch debris was identified in the particulate samples at ground level(taken immediately after launch) and in the airborne measurements (taken 40 to 50 minutes after launch approximately 40 km downwind of the pad). Operational problems were identified and included the need for higher instrumentation mobility and the need for real-time sampling instrumentation as opposed to collection-type samples such as the whole-air grab sample.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2910 , L-9097
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Loss of mineral from bone during periods of immobilization, recumbency, or weightlessness is examined. This report describes the instrumentation, technique, and bone mineral changes observed preflight and postflight for the Apollo 14, 15, and 16 missions. The bone mineral changes documented during the Apollo Program are reviewed, and their relevance to future missions is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58110 , JSC-08680
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: New personal communications equipment was required for the Apollo Program recovery operations. Two new, small, personal radios were developed and used successfully in the Apollo recovery program.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7587 , JSC-S-385
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The upgraded spacecraft control section for the Small Astronomy Satellite is able to point its thrust axis to any direction in space; it can also spin or slow its outer body rotation to zero for star-locked pointing of side viewing experiments. A programmable telemetry system and delayed command system enhance the inherent capability of a spacecraft designed to be used for a variety of experiments, each of which can be built independently and attached just prior to final acceptance testing and launch. The design of this new spacecraft, whose first launch is scheduled for 1975, is provided in sufficient detail to permit the reader to ascertain its suitability for specific experiments. A summary of the spacecraft characteristics, project reliability requirements, and environmental test conditions are included in the appendices.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70569 , X-405-74-7
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instrument to be utilized in the Viking 1975 Molecular Analysis experiment has undergone preliminary testing in its flight configured version. A synthetic mixture of 24 components as well as a sample of the Murchison meteorite has been used for this purpose. The resulting data not only allowed the identification of most of the organic compounds known to be present, but also revealed the identity of a few unexpected ones. Thus, the sensitivity and reliability of the instrument and data system are satisfactorily demonstrated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Origin of Life; 5; July-Oct
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Simultaneous end-expiratory pressures, referred to midthoracic level, in the superior and abdominal venae cavae, pericardial space, and right and left heart, were recorded without thoracotomy in three anesthetized dogs during sudden changes from supine to vertical head-up or head-down body positions. Intrathoracic and dependent great vein pressures referred to midchest level (sixth thoracic vertebra) decreased and showed simple hydrostatic gradients in either vertical position. However, a discontinuity in the large vein hydrostatic gradient occurred just distal to the superior margin of the thorax in either body position and was resumed again above this level. It is concluded that, just as the cerebrospinal fluid and intraperitoneal pressures minimize the effects of gravitational and inertial forces on the cerebral and visceral circulations, the pericardial and pleural pressures have a similar role for the heart proper.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 37; Aug. 197
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mice infected by intraperitoneal injection of Diplococcus pneumoniae were held at 1 atm in either hypoxic (12%), hyperoxic (75%), or a normal (21%) oxygen environment. Mortality rates indicated prolongation of survival in hypoxia and shortened survival in hyperoxia. Exposure of mice to the experimental gas mixtures prior to inoculation did not alter the results.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; July 197
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the present experiment, rigid control over the sleep and wake-up times was employed in an attempt to contain the natural rhythm to a 24-hr cycle. Eight subjects were isolated from all time and social cues for 10 days. They were placed on a rigid schedule of sleep between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. The results indicate that, for practical purposes, the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm can be contained to a 24-hr cycle by rigid control of the sleep portion of the cycle. When part of the control was released by allowing the subjects to sleep beyond 7 a.m., they slept an average of 67 min longer and showed sleep latencies which averaged 73 min. From these data it is concluded that control of the sleep portion of the sleep-wakefulness cycle, particularly control of the wake-up time, is sufficient to contain the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm to a 24-hr cycle.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; July 197
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the operation of future manned space vehicles, there will always be a finite probability that an accident will occur which results in uncontrolled tumbling of a craft. Hard docking by a manned rescue vehicle is not acceptable because of the hazardous environment to which rescue crewmen would be exposed and excessive maneuvering accelerations during docking operations. A movable-mass control concept, which is activated upon initiation of tumbling and is autonomous, can convert tumbling motion into simple spin. The complete equations of motion for an asymmetric rigid spacecraft containing a movable mass are presented, and appropriate control law and system parameters are selected to minimize kinetic energy, resulting in simple spin about the major principal axis. Simulations indicate that for a large space station experiencing a collision, which results in tumbling, a 1% movable mass is capable of stabilizing motion in 2 hr.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of an active, momentum-exchange system to be used for attitude stabilization of a class of cable-connected artificial-g space stations is studied. A system which employs a single movable control mass is examined for the control of a space station which has the physical appearance of two cylinders connected axially by cables. The dynamic model for the space station includes its aggregate rigid body rotation and relative torsional rotation between the bodies. A zero torsional stiffness design (one cable) and a maximum torsional stiffness design (eight cables) are examined in various stages of deployment, for selected spin velocities ranging from 4 rpm upwards. A linear, time-invariant, feed-back control system is employed, with gains calculated via a root-specification procedure. The movable mass controller provides critical wobble-damping capability for the crew quarters for all configurations and spin velocity.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Cellular response and cell population kinetics were studied during lymphopoiesis in the thymus of the mouse under continuous gamma irradiation using autoradiographic techniques and specific labeling with tritiated thymidine. On the basis of tissue weights, it is concluded that the response of both the thymus and spleen to continuous low dose-rate irradiation is multiphasic. That is, alternating periods of steady state growth, followed by collapse, which in turn is followed by another period of homeostasis. Since there are two populations of lymphocytes - short lived and long-lived, it may be that different phases of steady state growth are mediated by different lymphocytes. The spleen is affected to a greater extent with shorter periods of steady-state growth than exhibited by the thymus.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-140114
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A wind tunnel test of an 0.030-scale space shuttle vehicle orbiter configuration 140A/B model was conducted in the Ames Research Center 9- by 7-foot supersonic wind tunnel. This part of test series OA53 was conducted at Mach numbers of 1.60 and 2.00 and at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.0 million per foot to 4.0 million per foot. The objective was to establish and verify longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic performance, stability, and control characteristics for the configuration 140A/B SSV orbiter. Reynolds number studies were performed on certain nominal control-setting configurations, and examinations were made of the incremental effects of an alternate wing leading-edge configuration and of a sealed elevon-split construction. Six-component force and moment data, base and cavity pressures, bodyflap, elevon, speedbrake, and rudder hinge moments, and vertical tail forces and moments were measured for the orbiter.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134119 , DMS-DR-2178
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Orbiter entry heating distributions were obtained, and phase change paint data was correlated with thermocouple data during a program of heat transfer testing on a 0.006 scale space shuttle orbiter vehicle. The orbiter was tested at 0, 30, and 35 degrees angle of attack at Reynolds numbers of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 million per foot. Temperature data were obtained from a total of 57 thermocouples.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134101 , DMS-DR-2096
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 31-inch continuous flow hypersonic wind tunnel from 14 February to 22 February 1974, to determine RCS jet interaction effect on the hypersonic aerodynamic and stability and control characteristics prior to RTLS abort separation. The model used was an 0.010-scale replica of the space shuttle vehicle configuration 3. Hypersonic stability data were obtained from tests at Mach 10.3 and dynamic pressure of 150 psf for the intergrated orbiter and external tank and the orbiter alone. RCS modes of pitch, yaw, and roll at free flight dynamic pressure simulation of 7, 20, and 50 psf were investigated. The effects of speedbrake, bodyflap, elevon, and aileron deflections were also investigated.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134106 , DMS-DR-2137-VOL-2
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a sting-mounted 0.0405 scale representation of the 140A/B space shuttle orbiter in a 7.75 ft by 11 ft low speed wind tunnel during the period from November 14, 1973 to December 6, 1973. Establishment of basic longitudinal stability characteristics in and out of ground effect, and the establishment of lateral-directional stability characteristics in free air were the primary test objectives. The following effects and configurations were tested: (1) two dual podded nacelle configurations; (2) stability and control characteristics at nominal elevon deflections, rudder deflections, airleron deflections, rudder flare angles, and body flap deflections; (3) effects of various elevon and elevon/fuselage gaps on longitudinal stability and control; (4) pressures on the vertical tail at spanwise stations using pressure bugs; (5) aerodynamic force and moment data measured in the stability axis system by an internally mounted, six-component strain gage balance. For Vol. 1, see N74-32324.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134113 , DMS-DR-2104-VOL-2
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study examined the current status and potential application of pyrotechnic gas generators and energy convertors for the space shuttle program. While most pyrotechnic devices utilize some form of linear actuation, only limited use of rotary actuators has been observed. This latter form of energy conversion, using a vane-type actuator as optimum, offers considerable potential in the area of servo, as well as non-servo systems, and capitalizes on a means of providing prolonged operating times. Pyrotechnic devices can often be shown to provide the optimum means of attaining a truly redundant back-up to a primary, non-pyrotechnic system.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-2454
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An apparatus for manufacturing belts, such as seamless belts, is provided, the apparatus has relatively movable rollers that are mounted in an oven. A belt blank, for example, of a thin polyester film, is rotated on the rollers as heat is applied. Four rollers, each mounted on a separate roller assembly, are movable along appropriate tracks while a fifth centrally located roller is stationary. A pair of dc motors are operatively connected to a speed reduction gear assembly to provide a pair of rotating drive shafts that extend into the oven. One rotating shaft drives all of the rollers through a rotational gear assembly while the other drive shaft is capable of positioning the movable rollers through respective rotating threaded shafts. Control devices are provided for controlling the motors while measuring devices are operatively connected to the positional drive shaft to indicate the position of the rollers.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The variation of the earth's thermal and albedo radiation received by a near-earth orbiting space vehicle or space payload as a result of temporal variation of the earth atmosphere is discussed. A statistical study of current satellite data for determining probability distributions is proposed. With these distributions the thermal designer can define confidence levels on predicted temperature ranges which are compatible with engineering models for use in design, failure probabilities, and spacecraft cost estimates. Use of the distributions in environmental criteria guidelines is also considered.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64870
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Dynamics and control, stability, and guidance analyses are summarized for the asymmetrical booster ascent guidance and control system design studies, performed in conjunction with space shuttle planning. The mathematical models developed for use in rigid body and flexible body versions of the NASA JSC space shuttle functional simulator are briefly discussed, along with information on the following: (1) space shuttle stability analysis using equations of motion for both pitch and lateral axes; (2) the computer program used to obtain stability margin; and (3) the guidance equations developed for the space shuttle powered flight phases.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134398 , REPT-5-2581-HOU-154-VOL-1
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The investigation of single actuator failures on the space shuttle solid rocket booster required the analysis of both square pattern and diamond pattern actuator configurations. It was determined that for failures occuring near or prior to the region of maximum dynamic pressure, control gain adjustments can be used to achieve virtually nominal mid-boost vehicle behavior. A distinct worst case failure condition was established near staging that could significantly delay staging. It is recommended that the square pattern be retained as a viable alternative to the baseline diamond pattern because the staging transient is better controlled resulting in earlier staging.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134400 , REPT-5-2581-HOU-154-VOL-3
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