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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (36.104)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (31.584)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)  (18.753)
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • 2005-2009  (13.626)
  • 1975-1979  (72.817)
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  • 1
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    Empirical H/V spectral ratios estimated in two deep sedimentary basins using microseisms recorded by short-period seismometers (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-22
    Beschreibung: In this work, we analyse continuous measurements of microseisms to assess the reliability of the fundamental resonance frequency estimated by means of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio within the 0.1–1 Hz frequency range, using short-period sensors (natural period of 1 s). We apply the H/V technique to recordings of stations installed in two alluvial basins with different sedimentary cover thicknesses—the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany) and the Gubbio Plain (Central Italy). The spectral ratios are estimated over the time–frequency domain, and we discuss the reliability of the results considering both the variability of the microseism activity and the amplitude of the instrumental noise. We show that microseisms measured by short period sensors allow the retrieval of fundamental resonance frequencies greater than about 0.1–0.2 Hz, with this lower frequency bound depending on the relative amplitude of themicroseism signal and the self-noise of the instruments. In particular,we show an examplewhere the considered short-period sensor is connected to instruments characterized by an instrumental noise level which allows detecting only fundamental frequencies greater than about 0.4 Hz. Since the frequency at which the peak of the H/V spectral ratio is biased depends upon the seismic signal-to-instrument noise ratio, the power spectral amplitude of instrumental self-noise should be always considered when interpreting the frequency of the peak as the fundamental resonance frequency of the investigated site.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 175-184
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): site effects ; fourier analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Gas hazard assessment at the Monticchio Mt. Vulture, a volcano in Southern Italy (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Geochemical investigations have shown that there is a considerable inflow of gas into both crater lakes of Monticchio, Southern Italy. These lakes are located in two maars that formed 140 000 years ago during Mt. Vulture volcano s last eruptive activity. Isotopic analyses suggest that CO2 and helium are of magmatic origin; the latter displays 3He ⁄ 4He isotope ratios similar to those measured in olivines of the maar ejecta. In spite of the fact that the amount of dissolved gases in the water is less than that found in Lake Nyos (Cameroon), both the results obtained and the historical reports studied indicate that these crater lakes could be highly hazardous sites, even though they are located in a region currently considered inactive. This could be of special significance in very popular tourist areas such as the Monticchio lakes, which are visited by about 30 000 people throughout the summer, for the most part on Sundays.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 83-87
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic gases ; gas hazard ; crater lakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Seismic moment tensors of the April 2009, L’Aquila (Central Italy), (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: On 2009 April 6, the Central Apennines were hit by an Mw = 6.3 earthquake. The region had been shaken since 2008 October by seismic activity that culminated in two foreshocks with Mw 〉 4, 1 week and a few hours before the main shock. We computed seismic moment tensors for 26 events with Mw between 3.9 and 6.3, using the Regional Centroid Moment Tensor (RCMT) scheme. Most of these source parameters have been computed within 1 hr after the earthquake and rapidly revised successively. The focal mechanisms are all extensional, with a variable and sometimes significant strike-slip component. This geometry agrees with the NE–SW extensional deformation of the Apennines, known from previous seismic and geodetic observations. Events group into three clusters. Those located in the southern area have larger centroid depths and a wider distribution of T-axis directions. These differences suggest that towards south a different fault systemwas activated with respect to the SW-dipping normal faults beneath L’Aquila and more to the north.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): moment tensor ; seismotectonics ; L'Aquila ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    The Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: source, path and site effects from spectral analysis of strong motion data (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The strong motion data of 2009 April 6 L’Aquila (Central Italy) earthquake (Mw = 6.3) and of 12 aftershocks (4.1 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.6) recorded by 56 stations of the Italian strong motion network are spectrally analysed to estimate the source parameters, the seismic attenuation, and the site amplification effects. The obtained source spectra for S wave have stress drop values ranging from 2.4 to 16.8 MPa, being the stress drop of the main shock equal to 9.2 MPa. The spectral curves describing the attenuation with distance show the presence of shoulders and bumps, mainly around 50 and 150 km, as consequence of significant reflected and refracted arrivals from crustal interfaces. The attenuation in the first 50 km is well described by a quality factor equal to Q( f ) = 59 f 0.56 obtained by fixing the geometrical spreading exponent to 1. Finally, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio provides unreliable estimates of local site effects for those stations showing large amplifications over the vertical component of motion.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1573–1579
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Generalized inversion ; strong-motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    The dermal tubercles of Cranchia scabra (Mollusca, Cephalopoda); surface structure and development (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 179 (3). pp. 291-295.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: The cartilaginous tubercles of the mantle of the squid Cranchia scabra have been examined with the scanning electron microscope. Some tubercles are small, simple nodules whereas others are large with a complex Maltese cross form. The varying shapes and sizes probably represent a developmental sequence. The possible role of the tubercles is discussed.
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  • 6
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    The Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Shkodra (Albania and Montenegro) (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 25 (5). pp. 633-650.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-12-19
    Beschreibung: Two cores were recovered in the southeastern part of Lake Shkodra (Montenegro and Albania) and sampled for identification of tephra layers. The first core (SK13, 7.8 m long) was recovered from a water depth of 7 m, while the second core (SK19, 5.8 m long) was recovered close to the present-day shoreline (water depth of 2 m). Magnetic susceptibility investigations show generally low values with some peaks that in some cases are related to tephra layers. Naked-eye inspection of the cores allowed the identification of four tephra layers in core SK13 and five tephra layers in core SK19. Major element analyses on glass shards and mineral phases allowed correlation of the tephra layers between the two cores, and their attribution to six different Holocene explosive eruptions of southern Italy volcanoes. Two tephra layers have under-saturated composition of glass shards (foiditic and phonolitic) and were correlated to the AD 472 and the Avellino (ca. 3.9 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius. One tephra layer has benmoreitic composition and was correlated to the FL eruption of Mount Etna (ca. 3.4 cal. ka BP). The other three tephra layers have trachytic composition and were correlated to Astroni (ca. 4.2 cal. ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (ca. 4.5 cal. ka BP) and Agnano Pomici Principali (ca. 12.3 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Campi Flegrei. The ages of tephra layers are in broad agreement with eight 14C accelerator mass spectrometric measurements carried out on plant remains and charcoal from the lake sediments at different depths along the two cores. The recognition of distal tephra layers from Italian volcanoes allowed the physical link of the Holocene archive of Lake Shkodra to other archives located in the central Mediterranean area and the Balkans (i.e. Lake Ohrid). Five of the recognised tephra layers were recognised for the first time in the Balkans area, and this has relevance for volcanic hazard assessment and for ash dispersal forecasting in case of renewed explosive activity from some of the southern Italy volcanoes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 7
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    A thousand-year record of temperature variations for Germany and Central Europe based on documentary data (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 24 (5). pp. 437-449.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-05-15
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a temperature reconstruction of the past 1000 years for Central Europe, based on chronological records. The advantages and limitations of this hermeneutic, text-based approach are discussed and the statistic methodology is introduced. Historical documents represent direct observation of weather and atmospheric conditions with highest temporal resolution available and precise dating. A major advantage of these extensive data is that they allow the reconstruction of large numbers of variables such as winter temperature, precipitation, pressure patterns or climate extremes as well as floods or storms. Within this hermeneutic climatological research approach, even human impacts and social dimensions of climate development can be examined. In order to quantify the historical information, statistical methods are applied, based on an index approach.
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  • 8
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    Beak and radula growth in Octopus vulgaris (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 170 (4). pp. 451-462.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: The dry weight and the crest length of the upper and lower beak, the length of the radula ribbon, the average width of the base of the six proximal and distal rachidian teeth as well as the total number of these teeth have all been related to the live body weight of octopuses between 1.1 and 4440 g. From any one of these parameters it is possible to estimate the size and approximate age of the animal.
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  • 9
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    Mastigoteuthis-the whip-lash squid (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 181 (4). pp. 527-559.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: Features of the brain of this oceanic squid have been investigated and related, as far as possible, to its habits and mode of life. The body and arms are much vacuolated for buoyancy and the animal probably lives with the head upwards. The very long whip-like tentacles are not vacuolated and perhaps hang downwards. They are covered by numerous minute pedunculated suckers, perhaps providing a sticky surface. A special nerve running outside the brain carries signals from the arms and tentacles to the magnocellular lobe, which is very large and of complex structure. However, there are no giant cells and the mantle is weak. Propulsion is mainly by the large fins, which are controlled from the magnocellular lobe, presumably using the information from the arms and tentacles.
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  • 10
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    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-04
    Beschreibung: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
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  • 11
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    The time and frequency of responses by Octopus vulgaris to an automatic food dispenser (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 158 (4). pp. 475-483.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: An automatic food dispenser was designed for use with Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. One live crab was delivered each time the octopus pulled a white shape attached to the dispenser. The apparatus provided a continuous record of the time and frequency of feeding over periods of up to 15 days.
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  • 12
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    The mandibular movements of Octopus vulgaris (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 188 (1). pp. 53-67.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: The movements of the isolated buccal mass of Octopus vulgaris have been investigated. The beaks undergo rhythmic cycles of activity in the absence of applied stimulation and after electrical stimulation of the inter-buccal connective. Initial opening, closing, retraction and re-opening phases of movement are described. This cycle of movements is taken to resemble those in the intact animal. Anatomical and electrical evidence identifies the superior mandibular muscle as being partly responsible for the closing and retraction phases of movement. The inferior buccal ganglion determines the sequence of these buccal movements, but modification by sensory feed-back from the musculature is also implied. The preparation will allow a closer comparison of the control of movement in cephalopods and gastropods.
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  • 13
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    Growth and development of Taonius megalops (Mollusca: Cephalopoda), and some phases of its life cycle (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 179 (1). pp. 19-83.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: Taonius megalops is a neutrally buoyant oceanic squid, very different in form when young and old. The young, has a round, sac-like mantle and relatively long tentacles, while the adult has an elongated cone-like mantle and relatively short tentacles. The transition in shape and form is gradual and has been followed in animals of between 3 and 180 mm dorsal mantle length. Statistical tests on various parameters investigated, both external and internal, revealed good correlation with the dorsal mantle length and confirmed the descriptions of the development of the chromatophores and subocular light organs with growth. It was concluded that these animals, captured in the Atlantic Ocean, all belonged to the species T. megalops Prosch 1849. This study has permitted us to suggest a tentative outline of the life cycle, although no adults were present in the material available.
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  • 14
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    Is there external digestion by Octopus? (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 202 (3). pp. 441-447.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: A crab which has been captured and paralysed by an octopus but retrieved 1 1/2 min later cannot at first be pulled apart by the experimenter: 27 min later it can be dismembered easily. This demonstrates that there is external digestion when Octopus vulgaris feeds upon crabs. However, it is strictly limited at this stage to the arthrodial membrane and the musculo-skeletal attachment mechanisms as the exoskeleton separates at the joints allowing the muscles to be drawn out of the appendages. And yet, two hours after capture, pieces of crab meat are still recognizable in the octopus's stomach. The process of paralysing and cleaning a crab was noticeably slowed after the surgical removal of the radula, salivary papilla or the lateral buccal palps.
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  • 15
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    Changes in body weight and intake of food by Octopus vulgaris (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 150 (1). pp. 1-9.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: The changes in body weight of 12 octopuses, fed on fish or crabs, were followed under laboratory conditions for periods of 1 to 7 1/2 months. The food intake was estimated and compared with the changes in body weight of the octopuses; 25 to 55% of the total intake of food appeared to be incorporated. The range of the average increase in weight over the whole observation period of each of the animals was 1.9 to 7.7g per day (1 to 7 1/2 months); the mean value was 4.8g per day. The effect of changing the diet of small octopuses (fish or crab)was followed for four weeks but there was no evidence that alteration of the diet affected the rate of changes in body weight of animals of more than 47g initial body weight.
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  • 16
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    Reproduction in the genus Limacina (Opisthobranchia: Thecosomata) (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 186 (1). pp. 95-108.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: Reproductive mechanisms in the seven species of the thecosomatous pteropod genus Limacina are described and compared. All species are protandrous hermaphrodites. Five species–L. bulimoides, L. helicina, L. lesueuri, L. retroversa and L. trochiformis–have a similar reproductive anatomy in which the gonoduct leading from the gonad to the common genital pore functions as a seminal vesicle in the male and is elaborated into mucous and albumen glands in the female. The male system consists of a prostate gland and penis connected to the common genital pore by an external ciliary tract. All five species have a free-swimming veliger stage which hatches from free-floating egg masses. Limacina helicoides has the same reproductive anatomy but is ovoviviparous, with embryos retained in capsules in the mucous gland until they are juveniles of 50 mm in shell diameter. Limacina inflata lacks mucous and albumen glands and a penis; a spermatophore formed by the prostate gland is used in aphallic sperm transfer. This species exhibits brood protection with un-encapsulated embryos retained in the mantle cavity until they are released as veligers measuring 0067 mm in diameter. L. inflata is the most abundant of the seven species despite lowered fecundity; reasons for its ecological success are discussed.
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  • 17
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    Patterns of Fouling on a Global Scale (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  In: Biofouling. , ed. by Dürr, S. and Thomason, J. Wiley-Blackwell, Weinheim, pp. 73-86. ISBN 978-1-4051-6926-4
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    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-23
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  • 18
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    Piceamycin and its N-acetylcysteine adduct is produced by Streptomyces sp GB 4-2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 (9). pp. 513-518.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Piceamycin, a new macrolactam polyketide antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2, which was isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Norway spruce. The structure of piceamycin was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The Journal of Antibiotics (2009) 62, 513-518; doi:10.1038/ja.2009.64; published online 17 July 2009
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  • 19
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    Seed Composition, Seedling Emergence and Early Seedling Vigour of Red Kidney Bean Seed Produced at Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195 (2). pp. 148-156.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-27
    Beschreibung: Understanding the influence of growth temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) on seed quality in terms of seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and early seedling vigour is important under present and future climates. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of elevated temperature and CO2 during seed-filling of parent plants on seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and seedling vigour of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Plants of cultivar ‘Montcalm’, were grown at daytime maximum/nighttime minimum sinusoidal temperature regimes of 28/18 and 34/24 °C at ambient CO2 (350 μmol mol−1) and at elevated CO2 (700 μmol mol−1) from emergence to maturity. Seed size and seed composition at maturity and subsequent per cent emergence, early seedling vigour (rate of development) and seedling dry matter production were measured. Elevated CO2 did not influence seed composition, emergence, or seedling vigour of seeds produced either at 28/18 or 34/24 °C. Seed produced at 34/24 °C had smaller seed size, decreased glucose concentration, but significantly increased concentrations of sucrose and raffinose compared to 28/18 °C. Elevated growth temperatures during seed production decreased the subsequent per cent emergence and seedling vigour of the seeds and seedling dry matter production of seed produced either at ambient or elevated CO2.
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  • 20
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    Marine geophysics: Where there's smoke there's fire (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (7). pp. 463-464.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-10
    Beschreibung: Seafloor vents spewing mineral-rich plumes of hydrothermal fluid — termed black smokers — can persist at mid-ocean ridges for decades or longer. Earthquake data indicate that ongoing magma injection may determine their locations.
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  • 21
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    Ecological speciation in marinev.freshwater fishes (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 75 (5). pp. 960-996.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-14
    Beschreibung: Absolute barriers to dispersal are not common in marine systems, and the prevalence of planktonic larvae in marine taxa provides potential for gene flow across large geographic distances. These observations raise the fundamental question in marine evolutionary biology as to whether geographic and oceanographic barriers alone can account for the high levels of species diversity observed in marine environments such as coral reefs, or whether marine speciation also operates in the presence of gene flow between diverging populations. In this respect, the ecological hypothesis of speciation, in which reproductive isolation results from divergent or disruptive natural selection, is of particular interest because it may operate in the presence of gene flow. Although important insights into the process of ecological speciation in aquatic environments have been provided by the study of freshwater fishes, comparatively little is known about the possibility of ecological speciation in marine teleosts. In this study, the evidence consistent with different aspects of the ecological hypothesis of speciation is evaluated in marine fishes. Molecular approaches have played a critical role in the development of speciation hypotheses in marine fishes, with a role of ecology suggested by the occurrence of sister clades separated by ecological factors, rapid cladogenesis or the persistence of genetically and ecologically differentiated species in the presence of gene flow. Yet, ecological speciation research in marine fishes is still largely at an exploratory stage. Cases where the major ingredients of ecological speciation, namely a source of natural divergent or disruptive selection, a mechanism of reproductive isolation and a link between the two have been explicitly documented are few. Even in these cases, specific predictions of the ecological hypothesis of speciation remain largely untested. Recent developments in the study of freshwater fishes illustrate the potential for molecular approaches to address specific questions related to the ecological hypothesis of speciation such as the nature of the genes underlying key ecological traits, the magnitude of their effect on phenotype and the mechanisms underlying their differential expression in different ecological contexts. The potential provided by molecular studies is fully realized when they are complemented with alternative (e.g. ecological, theoretical) approaches.
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  • 22
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    Epibiosis (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  In: Biofouling. , ed. by Dürr, S. and Thomason, J. Wiley-Blackwell, Weinheim, pp. 100-108. ISBN 978-1-4051-6926-4
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    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-23
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  • 23
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    Clean air policy and Arctic warming (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (4). pp. 243-244.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The enhanced Arctic warming over the past three decades is attracting much attention. Combining forward and inverse models with observations suggests that regional changes in aerosol concentrations have contributed significantly.
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  • 24
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    Seeking a Holocene drift ice proxy: non-clay mineral variations from the SW to N-central Iceland shelf: trends, regime shifts, and periodicities (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 24 (7). pp. 664-676.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-29
    Beschreibung: Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of the 〈2mm sediment fraction was carried out on 1257 samples (from the seafloor and 16 cores) from the Iceland shelf west of 188 W. All but one core (B997-347PC) were from transects along troughs on theNW to N-central shelf, an area that in modern and historic times has been affected by drift ice. The paper focuses on the non-clay mineralogy of the sediments (excluding calcite and volcanic glass). Quartz and potassium feldspars occupy similar positions in an R-mode principal component analysis, and oligoclase feldspar tracks quartz; these minerals are used as a proxy for ice-rafted detritus (IRD). Accordingly, the sum of these largely foreign minerals (Q&K) (to Icelandic bedrock) is used as a proxy for drift ice. A stacked, equi-spaced 100 a record is developed which shows both low-frequency trends and higher-frequency events. The detrended stacked record compares well with the flux of quartz (mg cm-2 a-1) at MD99-2269 off N Iceland. The multi-taper method indicated that there are three significant frequencies at the 95% confidence level with periods of ca. 2500, 445 and 304 a. Regime shift analysis pinpoints intervals when there was a statistically significant shift in the average Q&K weight %, and identifies four IRDrich events separated by intervals with lower inputs. There is some association between peaks of IRD input, less dense surface waters (from d18O data on planktonic foraminifera) and intervals of moraine building.
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  • 25
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    Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 462 . pp. 495-498.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The transport of warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean—the Agulhas leakage—has a crucial role in the global oceanic circulation1 and thus the evolution of future climate. At present these waters provide the main source of heat and salt for the surface branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)2. There is evidence from past glacial-to-interglacial variations in foraminiferal assemblages3 and model studies4 that the amount of Agulhas leakage and its corresponding effect on the MOC has been subject to substantial change, potentially linked to latitudinal shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies5. A progressive poleward migration of the westerlies has been observed during the past two to three decades and linked to anthropogenic forcing6, but because of the sparse observational records it has not been possible to determine whether there has been a concomitant response of Agulhas leakage. Here we present the results of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model7, 8 to show that the transport of Indian Ocean waters into the South Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage has increased during the past decades in response to the change in wind forcing. The increased leakage has contributed to the observed salinification9 of South Atlantic thermocline waters. Both model and historic measurements off South America suggest that the additional Indian Ocean waters have begun to invade the North Atlantic, with potential implications for the future evolution of the MOC.
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  • 26
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    Effects of egg size, parental origin and feeding conditions on growth of larval and juvenile cod Gadus morhua (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 75 . pp. 516-537.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-09-14
    Beschreibung: An experimental study was performed to disentangle parental and environmental effects on the growth of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae and juveniles. Eggs were collected during the spawning season from spawning pairs (families) kept separately in specially designed spawning compartments. Newly hatched larvae were released simultaneously into two mesocosms of 2500 and 4400 m3. Larval growth was monitored by sampling over a 10 week period, after which juveniles were transferred to on-growing tanks, where they were tagged and kept for up to 2 years. Maternal origin was determined by individual microsatellite genotyping of the larvae (n = 3949, 24 families) and juveniles (n = 600). The results showed significant positive correlations between egg size and larval size during the whole mesocosm period. Correlations, however, weakened with time and were no longer significant at the first tank-rearing sampling at an age of 9 months. Significant family-specific differences in growth were observed. The coefficient of variation (c.v.) was calculated in order to examine variation in standard length of larvae during the mesocosm period. Inter-family c.v. was on average 69% of intra-family c.v. Differences in zooplankton densities between the two mesocosms were reflected in larval growth, condition factor and c.v. Low food abundance appeared to reduce c.v. and favour growth of larvae that showed relatively slow growth at high food abundance. It is suggested that genetically determined variation in growth potential is maintained by environmental variability.
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  • 27
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    Generation of intermediate-depth earthquakes by self-localizing thermal runaway (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 137-140.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
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  • 28
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    The annual cycle of heavy precipitation across the United Kingdom: a model based on extreme value statistics (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  International Journal of Climatology, 29 (12). pp. 1731-1744.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-19
    Beschreibung: The annual cycle of extreme 1-day precipitation events across the UK is investigated by developing a statistical model and fitting it to data from 689 rain gauges. A generalized extreme-value distribution (GEV) is fit to the time series of monthly maxima, across all months of the year simultaneously, by approximating the annual cycles of the location and scale parameters by harmonic functions, while keeping the shape parameter constant throughout the year. We average the shape parameter of neighbouring rain gauges to decrease parameter uncertainties, and also interpolate values of all model parameters to give complete coverage of the UK. The model reveals distinct spatial patterns for the estimated parameters. The annual mean of the location and scale parameter is highly correlated with orography. The annual cycle of the location parameter is strong in the northwest UK (peaking in late autumn or winter) and in East Anglia (where it peaks in late summer), and low in the Midlands. The annual cycle of the scale parameter exhibits a similar pattern with strongest amplitudes in East Anglia. The spatial patterns of the annual cycle phase suggest that they are linked to the dominance of frontal precipitation for generating extreme precipitation in the west and convective precipitation in the southeast of the UK. The shape parameter shows a gradient from positive values in the east to negative values in some areas of the west. We also estimate 10-year and 100-year return levels at each rain gauge, and interpolated across the UK.
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  • 29
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    Mid-Pliocene climate change amplified by a switch in Indonesian subsurface throughflow (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 434-438.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The tectonically driven closure of tropical seaways during the Pliocene epoch (approx5–2 million years (Myr) ago) altered ocean circulation and affected the evolution of climate. Plate tectonic reconstructions show that the main reorganization of one such seaway, the Indonesian Gateway, occurred between 4 and 3 Myr ago. Model simulations have suggested that this would have triggered a switch in the source of waters feeding the Indonesian throughflow into the Indian Ocean, from the warm salty waters of the South Pacific Ocean to the cool and relatively fresh waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we use paired measurements of the delta18O and Mg/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the thermal structure of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean from 5.5 to 2 Myr ago. We find that sea surface conditions remained relatively stable throughout the interval, whereas subsurface waters freshened and cooled by about 4 °C between 3.5 and 2.95 Myr ago. We suggest that the restriction of the Indonesian Gateway led to the cooling and shoaling of the thermocline in the tropical Indian Ocean. We conclude that this tectonic reorganization contributed to the global shoaling of the thermocline recorded during the Pliocene epoch, possibly contributing to the development of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.
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  • 30
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    Large-scale distribution of Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by iron availability (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 867-871.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-22
    Beschreibung: Oceanic fixed-nitrogen concentrations are controlled by the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. A number of factors, including iron limitation, can restrict nitrogen fixation, introducing the potential for decoupling of nitrogen inputs and losses. Such decoupling could significantly affect the oceanic fixed-nitrogen inventory and consequently the biological component of ocean carbon storage and hence air–sea partitioning of carbon dioxide. However, the extent to which nutrients limit nitrogen fixation in the global ocean is uncertain. Here, we examined rates of nitrogen fixation and nutrient concentrations in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean along a north–south 10,000 km transect during October and November 2005. We show that rates of nitrogen fixation were markedly higher in the North Atlantic compared with the South Atlantic Ocean. Across the two basins, nitrogen fixation was positively correlated with dissolved iron and negatively correlated with dissolved phosphorus concentrations. We conclude that inter-basin differences in nitrogen fixation are controlled by iron supply rather than phosphorus availability. Analysis of the nutrient content of deep waters suggests that the fixed nitrogen enters North Atlantic Deep Water. Our study thus supports the suggestion that iron significantly influences nitrogen fixation5, and that subsequent interactions with ocean circulation patterns contribute to the decoupling of nitrogen fixation and loss.
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  • 31
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    Caboxamycin, a new antibiotic of the benzoxazole family produced by the deep-sea strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937* (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 99-104.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Caboxamycin, a new benzoxazole antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of the marine strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected in the Canary Basin. The structure of caboxamycin was determined by mass spectrometry, NMR experiments and X-ray analysis. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
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  • 32
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    Concealment in epipelagic pterotracheid heteropods (Gastropoda) and cranchiid squids (Cephalopoda) (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 210 (1). pp. 137-147.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: Epipelagic pterotracheid heteropods and young cranchiid squids rely primarily on transparency for concealment; yet they have opaque structures, the eyes and visceral organs that compose the visceral nuclei, which can only be camouflaged in other ways. These two groups have achieved convergent solutions to this problem. The visceral nucleus has a narrow and conical shape and a covering layer of iridophores that lies parallel to the surface of the organ. The eyes also have iridophore layers and tapered shapes. A minimal ventral silhouette results when the long axes of the visceral nucleus and eyes are oriented vertically, with the narrowest ends directed downward. In pterotracheids, this is actively achieved by tilting the nucleus and eyes and flexing the body and proboscis. In cranchiids, tilting of the organs alone suffices and adjustments are accomplished much more rapidly than in the pterotracheids.
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  • 33
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    Coccolithophores as palaeoecological indicators for shifts of the ITCZ in the Cariaco Basin during the late Quaternary (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 24 (2). pp. 159-174.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-28
    Beschreibung: Coccoliths were studied from the ODP Hole 1002C and core PL07-39PC in the Cariaco Basin. Increases in Emiliania huxleyi are synchronous with decreases of Gephyrocapsa oceanica and vice versa. A new index (GEX) based on the relative abundances of these two taxa is proposed, and correlates with various other proxies. It is shown that GEX can serve as upwelling proxy. This confirms that the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifted north during the Bølling/Allerød, south during the Younger Dryas and back north during the Preboreal. The upwelling proxy shows few discrepancies with the terrigenous record.
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  • 34
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    Food of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and S. elegans in the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain) (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 207 (4). pp. 511-519.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: A study of the diet of Sepia officinalis and S. elegans in the Ria de Vigo has shown that crustaceans are the most abundant prey in both species, followed by fish. Changes in the food composition of both species occur with growth. The type of prey eaten by the two sexes of these species is very similar. The possibility of trophic competition between juveniles of S. qficinalis and S. elegans is discussed.
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  • 35
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    Gombapyrones, new α-pyrone metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 445-452.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Gombapyrones A–D, new members of the α-pyrone family of secondary metabolites, were produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662, which was isolated from bamboo tree rhizosphere. The strain was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomical features and by 16S rDNA sequencing as S. griseobuber. The gombapyrone structures were determined by mass spectrometry and by NMR experiments, and were found to have an inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
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  • 36
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    Origin and evolution of a splay fault in the Nankai accretionary wedge (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 648-652.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-22
    Beschreibung: Subduction zones are often characterized by wedge-shaped sedimentary complexes—called accretionary prisms—that form when sediments are scraped off the subducting plate and added to the overriding plate. Large, landward-dipping thrust faults can cut through such a prism: these faults, known as 'megasplay faults'1, 2, originate near the top of the subducting plate and terminate at the shallow, landward edge of the prism1, 3, 4, 5, 6. Megasplay faults have been the subject of numerous geological and geophysical studies4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, but their initiation and evolution through time remains poorly constrained. Here we combine seismic reflection data from the Nankai accretionary wedge with geological data collected by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and find that the splay fault cutting this wedge initiated approx1.95 Million years (Myr) ago in the lower part of the prism as an out-of-sequence thrust (OOST). After an initial phase of high activity, the movement along the fault slowed down, but uplift and reactivation of the fault resumed about 1.55 Myr ago. The alternating periods of high and low activity along the splay fault that we document hint at episodic changes in the mechanical stability of accretionary prisms.
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  • 37
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    The otherness of the oceans (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 (7244). pp. 166-167.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-08
    Beschreibung: As scientists discover more about the genomes of marine microorganisms, new views of their physiology and ecosystem networks are opening up, explain Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose. "Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas by Stefan Helmreich University of California Press: 2009. 464 pp."
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  • 38
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    Protists are microbes too: A perspective (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 3 (1). pp. 4-12.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-24
    Beschreibung: Our understanding of the composition and activities of microbial communities from diverse habitats on our planet has improved enormously during the past decade, spurred on largely by advances in molecular biology. Much of this research has focused on the bacteria, and to a lesser extent on the archaea and viruses, because of the relative ease with which these assemblages can be analyzed and studied genetically. In contrast, single-celled, eukaryotic microbes (the protists) have received much less attention, to the point where one might question if they have somehow been demoted from the position of environmentally important taxa. In this paper, we draw attention to this situation and explore several possible (some admittedly lighthearted) explanations for why these remarkable and diverse microbes have remained largely overlooked in the present era of the microbe. © 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved.
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  • 39
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    Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 . pp. 243-248.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-06
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  • 40
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    Disentangling the role of MHC-dependent 'good genes' and 'compatible genes' in mate choice decisions of three-spined sticklebacks under semi-natural conditions (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 75 (8). pp. 2122-2142.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-11
    Beschreibung: To investigate and disentangle the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐based ‘good genes' and ‘compatible genes' in mate choice, three‐spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus with specific MHC IIB genotypes were allowed to reproduce in an outdoor enclosure system. Here, fish were protected from predators but encountered their natural parasites. Mate choice for an intermediate genetic distance between parental MHC genotypes was observed, which would result in intermediate diversity in the offspring, but no mate choice based on good genes was found under the current semi‐natural conditions. Investigation of immunological variables revealed that the less‐specific innate immune system was more active in individuals with a genetically more divergent MHC allele repertoire. This suggests the need to compensate for an MHC‐diminished T‐cell repertoire and potentially explains the observed mate choice for intermediate MHC genetic distance. The present findings support a general pattern of mate choice for intermediate MHC diversity (i.e. compatible genes). In addition, the potentially dynamic role of MHC good genes in mate choice under different parasite pressures is discussed in the light of present and previous results.
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  • 41
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    Some Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua ) in the Baltic Sea visit hypoxic water briefly but often (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 75 . pp. 290-294.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-09-14
    Beschreibung: Individual behaviour of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the presence of hypoxic water was measured in situ in the vertically stratified Bornholm Basin of the Baltic Sea. Considering all recaptured individuals, the use of hypoxic habitat was comparable to data derived by traditional survey data, but some G. morhua had migrated towards the centre of the c.100 m deep basin and spent about a third of their time at oxygen saturation 〈50%, possibly to forage on zoobenthos. Maximal residence time per visit in such hypoxic water was limited to a few hours, allowing for the digestion of consumed prey items in waters with sufficient dissolved oxygen.
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  • 42
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    Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 458 (7240). pp. 881-884.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-06
    Beschreibung: Widespread evidence of a +4–6-m sea-level highstand during the last interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) has led to warnings that modern ice sheets will deteriorate owing to global warming and initiate a rise of similar magnitude by ad 2100 (ref. 1). The rate of this projected rise is based on ice-sheet melting simulations and downplays discoveries of more rapid ice loss2, 3. Knowing the rate at which sea level reached its highstand during the last interglacial period is fundamental in assessing if such rapid ice-loss processes could lead to future catastrophic sea-level rise. The best direct record of sea level during this highstand comes from well-dated fossil reefs in stable areas4, 5, 6. However, this record lacks both reef-crest development up to the full highstand elevation, as inferred7 from widespread intertidal indicators at +6 m, and a detailed chronology, owing to the difficulty of replicating U-series ages on submillennial timescales8. Here we present a complete reef-crest sequence for the last interglacial highstand and its U-series chronology from the stable northeast Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. We find that reef development during the highstand was punctuated by reef-crest demise at +3 m and back-stepping to +6 m. The abrupt demise of the lower-reef crest, but continuous accretion between the lower-lagoonal unit and the upper-reef crest, allows us to infer that this back-stepping occurred on an ecological timescale and was triggered by a 2–3-m jump in sea level. Using strictly reliable 230Th ages of corals from the upper-reef crest, and improved stratigraphic screening of coral ages from other stable sites, we constrain this jump to have occurred approx121 kyr ago and conclude that it supports an episode of ice-sheet instability during the terminal phase of the last interglacial period.
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  • 43
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    Speciation accelerated and stabilized by pleiotropic major histocompatibility complex immunogenes (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Ecology Letters, 12 (1). pp. 5-12.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-20
    Beschreibung: Speciation and the maintenance of recently diverged species has been subject of intense research in evolutionary biology for decades. Although the concept of ecological speciation has been accepted, its mechanisms and genetic bases are still under investigation. Here, we present a mechanism for speciation that is orchestrated and strengthened by parasite communities acting on polymorphic genes of the immune system. In vertebrates, these genes have a pleiotropic role with regard to parasite resistance and mate choice. In contrasting niches, parasite communities differ and thus the pools of alleles of the adapted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also differ between niches. Mate choice for the best‐adapted MHC genotype will favour local adaptations and will accelerate separation of both populations: thus immune genes act as pleiotropic speciation genes –‘magic traits’. This mechanism should operate not only in sympatric populations but also under allopatry or parapatry. Each individual has a small subset of the many MHC alleles present in the population. If all individuals could have all MHC alleles from the pool, MHC‐based adaptation is neither necessary nor possible. However, the typically small optimal individual number of MHC loci thus enables MHC‐based speciation. Furthermore, we propose a new mechanism selecting against species hybrids. Hybrids are expected to have super‐optimal individual MHC diversity and should therefore suffer more from parasites in all habitats.
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  • 44
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Beschreibung: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Beschreibung: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
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  • 45
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    The role of the Iceland Ice Sheet in the North Atlantic during the late Quaternary: a review and evidence from Denmark Strait (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 23 (1). pp. 3-20.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-06
    Beschreibung: Investigations indicate that the Iceland Ice Sheet was reduced in size during MIS 3 but readvanced to the shelf break at the LGM. Retreat occurred very rapidly around 15 k–16 k cal. yr BP. By contrast, the margin of the ice sheet on the East Greenland shelf, north of the Denmark Strait, was at or close to the shelf break during MIS 3 and 2 and retreat starting ∼17 k cal. yr BP. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of the 〈2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 161 samples from Iceland and East Greenland diamictons, and from cores on the slopes and margins of the Denmark Strait. Weight% mineralogical data are used in a principal component analysis to differentiate sediments derived from the two margins. The first two PC axes explain 52% of the variance. These associations are used to characterise sediments as being affiliated with (a) Iceland, (b) East Greenland or (c) mixed. The contribution from Iceland becomes prominent during MIS 2. The extensive outcrop of early Tertiary basalts on East Greenland between 68° and 71° N is an alternative source for basaltic clasts and North Atlantic sediments with εNd(0) values close to ±0.
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  • 46
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    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-13
    Beschreibung: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
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  • 47
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    Biosynthetic capacities of actinomycetes. 46. Genoketides A1 and A2, new octaketides and biosynthetic intermediates of chrysophanol produced by Streptomyces sp. AK 671 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 61 . pp. 464-473.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-09
    Beschreibung: The new aromatic polyketides genoketide A1, genoketide A2 and prechrysophanol glucuronide are biosynthetic intermediates of the octaketide chrysophanol. They were isolated from the alkaliphilic strain Streptomyces sp. AK 671 together with the new metabolite chrysophanol glucuronide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR methods. Genoketide A2 exhibited a slight and prechrysophanol glucuronide a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of L5178y lymphoma cells.
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  • 48
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    Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 489-492.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Predicting the evolution of climate over decadal timescales requires a quantitative understanding of the dynamics that govern the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)1. Comprehensive ocean measurement programmes aiming to monitor MOC variations have been established in the subtropical North Atlantic2, 3 (RAPID, at latitude 26.5° N, and MOVE, at latitude 16° N) and show strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Observational evidence of longer-term changes in MOC transport remains scarce, owing to infrequent sampling of transoceanic sections over past decades4, 5. Inferences based on long-term sea surface temperature records, however, supported by model simulations, suggest a variability with an amplitude of plusminus1.5–3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) on decadal timescales in the subtropics6. Such variability has been attributed to variations of deep water formation in the sub-arctic Atlantic, particularly the renewal rate of Labrador Sea Water7. Here we present results from a model simulation that suggest an additional influence on decadal MOC variability having a Southern Hemisphere origin: dynamic signals originating in the Agulhas leakage region at the southern tip of Africa. These contribute a MOC signal in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic that is of the same order of magnitude as the northern source. A complete rationalization of observed MOC changes therefore also requires consideration of signals arriving from the south.
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  • 49
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    Mesozoic climate - Liverworts and all (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (1). pp. 14-15.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-22
    Beschreibung: The relationship between carbon dioxide and climate over millions of years has been a source of controversy. Fossilized liverwort leaves can help illuminate both temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 200 to 60 million years ago.
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  • 50
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    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-23
    Beschreibung: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
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  • 51
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    Factors Controlling the Abundance and Size Distribution of the Phototrophic Ciliate Myrionecta rubrain Open Waters of the North Atlantic (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 55 (5). pp. 457-465.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-24
    Beschreibung: Myrionecta rubra, a ubiquitous planktonic ciliate, has received much attention due to its wide distribution, occurrence as a red tide organism, and unusual cryptophyte endosymbiont. Although well studied in coastal waters, M. rubra is poorly examined in the open ocean. In the Irminger Basin, North Atlantic, the abundance of M. rubra was 0–5 cells/ml, which is low compared with that found in coastal areas. Distinct patchiness (100 km) was revealed by geostatistical analysis. Multiple regression indicated there was little relationship between M. rubra abundance and a number of environmental factors, with the exception of temperature and phytoplankton biomass, which influenced abundance in the spring. We also improve on studies that indicate distinct size classes of M. rubra; we statistically recognise four significantly distinct width classes (5–16, 12–23, 18–27, 21–33 μm), which decrease in abundance with increasing size. A multinomial logistic regression revealed the main variable correlated with this size distribution was ambient nitrate concentration. Finally, we propose a hypothesis for the distribution of sizes, involving nutrients, feeding, and dividing of the endosymbiont.
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  • 52
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    Arc-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 451 (7182). pp. 1094-1097.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-26
    Beschreibung: Resolving flow geometry in the mantle wedge is central to understanding the thermal and chemical structure of subduction zones, subducting plate dehydration, and melting that leads to arc volcanism, which can threaten large populations and alter climate through gas and particle emission. Here we show that isotope geochemistry and seismic velocity anisotropy provide strong evidence for trench-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. This finding contradicts classical models, which predict trench-normal flow owing to the overlying wedge mantle being dragged downwards by the subducting plate. The isotopic signature of central Costa Rican volcanic rocks is not consistent with its derivation from the mantle wedge1, 2, 3 or eroded fore-arc complexes4 but instead from seamounts of the Galapagos hotspot track on the subducting Cocos plate. This isotopic signature decreases continuously from central Costa Rica to northwestern Nicaragua. As the age of the isotopic signature beneath Costa Rica can be constrained and its transport distance is known, minimum northwestward flow rates can be estimated (63–190 mm yr-1) and are comparable to the magnitude of subducting Cocos plate motion (approx85 mm yr-1). Trench-parallel flow needs to be taken into account in models evaluating thermal and chemical structure and melt generation in subduction zones.
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  • 53
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    Partitioning average competition and extreme-genotype effects in genetically diverse infections (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Oikos, 117 . pp. 399-405.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-31
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  • 54
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    Advancing Decadal-Scale Climate Prediction in the North Atlantic Sector (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 453 . pp. 84-88.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-18
    Beschreibung: The climate of the North Atlantic region exhibits fluctuations on decadal timescales that have large societal consequences. Prominent examples include hurricane activity in the Atlantic1, and surface-temperature and rainfall variations over North America2, Europe3 and northern Africa4. Although these multidecadal variations are potentially predictable if the current state of the ocean is known5, 6, 7, the lack of subsurface ocean observations8 that constrain this state has been a limiting factor for realizing the full skill potential of such predictions9. Here we apply a simple approach—that uses only sea surface temperature (SST) observations—to partly overcome this difficulty and perform retrospective decadal predictions with a climate model. Skill is improved significantly relative to predictions made with incomplete knowledge of the ocean state10, particularly in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific oceans. Thus these results point towards the possibility of routine decadal climate predictions. Using this method, and by considering both internal natural climate variations and projected future anthropogenic forcing, we make the following forecast: over the next decade, the current Atlantic meridional overturning circulation will weaken to its long-term mean; moreover, North Atlantic SST and European and North American surface temperatures will cool slightly, whereas tropical Pacific SST will remain almost unchanged. Our results suggest that global surface temperature may not increase over the next decade, as natural climate variations in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific temporarily offset the projected anthropogenic warming.
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  • 55
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    Saline water sinking (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 423-424.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-23
    Beschreibung: Ninety-five million years ago, ocean bottom waters were much warmer than at present. Some of this warmth could have come from the proto-North Atlantic's continental shelves after the balmy surface waters became increasingly salty through evaporation.
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  • 56
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    Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 68-72.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The early oceanographic history of the Arctic Ocean is important in regulating, and responding to, climatic changes. However, constraints on its oceanographic history preceding the Quaternary (the past 1.8 Myr) have become available only recently, because of the difficulties associated with obtaining continuous sediment records in such a hostile setting. Here, we use the neodymium isotope compositions of two sediment cores recovered near the North Pole to reconstruct over the past approx15 Myr the sources contributing to Arctic Intermediate Water, a water mass found today at depths of 200 to 1,500 m. We interpret high neodymium ratios for the period between 15 and 2 Myr ago, and for the glacial periods thereafter, as indicative of weathering input from the Siberian Putoranan basalts into the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Intermediate Water was then derived from brine formation in the Eurasian shelf regions, with only a limited contribution of intermediate water from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the modern circulation pattern, with relatively high contributions of North Atlantic Intermediate Water and negligible input from brine formation, exhibits low neodymium isotope ratios and is typical for the interglacial periods of the past 2 Myr. We suggest that changes in climatic conditions and the tectonic setting were responsible for switches between these two modes.
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  • 57
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    Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 606-610.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-22
    Beschreibung: Organic-rich sedimentary units called sapropels have formed repeatedly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in response to variations of solar radiation. Sapropel formation is due to a change either in the flux of organic matter to the sea floor from productivity changes or in preservation by bottom-water oxygen levels. However, the relative importance of surface-ocean productivity versus deep-water preservation for the formation of these organic-rich shale beds is still being debated, and conflicting interpretations are often invoked1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we analyse at high resolution the differences in the composition of the most recent sapropel, S1, in a suite of cores covering the entire eastern Mediterranean basin. We demonstrate that during the 4,000 years of sapropel formation, surface-water salinity was reduced and the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea, below 1,800 m depth, was devoid of oxygen. This resulted in the preferential basin-wide preservation of sapropel S1 with different characteristics above and below 1,800 m depth as a result of different redox conditions. We conclude that climate-induced stratification of the ocean may therefore contribute to enhanced preservation of organic matter in sapropels and potentially also in black shales.
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  • 58
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    The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 239-244.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-06
    Beschreibung: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary productivity on Earth1, 2. The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology3, 4, 5. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (approx40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
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  • 59
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    The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 864-869.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-22
    Beschreibung: Observations show a significant intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, the prevailing winds between the latitudes of 30° and 60° S, over the past decades. A continuation of this intensification trend is projected by climate scenarios for the twenty-first century. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean to changes in wind stress and surface buoyancy fluxes is under debate. Here we analyse the Argo network of profiling floats and historical oceanographic data to detect coherent hemispheric-scale warming and freshening trends that extend to depths of more than 1,000 m. The warming and freshening is partly related to changes in the properties of the water masses that make up the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which are consistent with the anthropogenic changes in heat and freshwater fluxes suggested by climate models. However, we detect no increase in the tilt of the surfaces of equal density across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in contrast to coarse-resolution model studies. Our results imply that the transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and meridional overturning in the Southern Ocean are insensitive to decadal changes in wind stress.
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  • 60
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    Identification of the Fugloyarbanki tephra in the NGRIP ice core: a key tie‐point for marine and ice‐core sequences during the last glacial period (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 23 (5). pp. 409-414.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-27
    Beschreibung: A visible tephra horizon in the NGRIP ice core has been identified by geochemical analysis as the Fugloyarbanki Tephra, a widespread marker horizon in marine cores from the Faroe Islands area and the northern North Atlantic. An age of 26 740 ± 390 yr b2k (1s uncertainty) is derived for this tephra according to the new Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05) based on multiparameter counting of annual layers. Detection of this tephra for the first time within the NGRIP ice core provides a key tie-point between marine and ice-core records during the transition between MIS 3 and 2. Identification of this volcanic event within the Greenland records demonstrates the future potential of using tephrochronology to precisely correlate palaeoarchives in widely separated localities that span the last glacial period, as well as providing a potential method for examining the extent of the radiocarbon marine reservoir effect at this time.
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  • 61
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    Climate change: Acid test for marine biodiversity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 454 . pp. 46-47.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to acidification of the oceans. A site in the Mediterranean, naturally carbonated by under-sea volcanoes, provides clues to the possible effects on marine ecosystems.
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  • 62
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    Protistan grazing on marine bacterioplankton (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  In: Microbial Ecology of the Oceans. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 383-441. 2. Edition ISBN 978-0-470-04344-8
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-06
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 63
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    Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (2). pp. 106-110.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-07
    Beschreibung: Large uncertainties remain in the current and future contribution to sea level rise from Antarctica. Climate warming may increase snowfall in the continent’s interior1,2,3, but enhance glacier discharge at the coast where warmer air and ocean temperatures erode the buttressing ice shelves4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here, we use satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar observations from 1992 to 2006 covering 85% of Antarctica’s coastline to estimate the total mass flux into the ocean. We compare the mass fluxes from large drainage basin units with interior snow accumulation calculated from a regional atmospheric climate model for 1980 to 2004. In East Antarctica, small glacier losses in Wilkes Land and glacier gains at the mouths of the Filchner and Ross ice shelves combine to a near-zero loss of 4±61 Gt yr−1. In West Antarctica, widespread losses along the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas increased the ice sheet loss by 59% in 10 years to reach 132±60 Gt yr−1 in 2006. In the Peninsula, losses increased by 140% to reach 60±46 Gt yr−1 in 2006. Losses are concentrated along narrow channels occupied by outlet glaciers and are caused by ongoing and past glacier acceleration. Changes in glacier flow therefore have a significant, if not dominant impact on ice sheet mass balance.
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  • 64
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    Waking the dead: the value of population genetic analyses of historical samples (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Fish and Fisheries, 9 (4). pp. 450-461.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-12-13
    Beschreibung: Archived scales and otoliths constitute a unique source of DNA that potentially enables extension of the temporal scale of genetic studies of fish populations by decades and even centuries. We review recent insights into fish population and conservation genetics obtained using analysis of DNA from archived samples. This involves both new knowledge about demographic parameters and population structure in wild populations and insights into consequences of anthropogenic pressure resulting from over-harvesting, habitat degradation and stocking. We show that the latter category of studies have led to significant changes of management practices. Ongoing improvement of genetic methods will undoubtedly further expand the ability to utilize historical DNA samples. We envisage that temporal comparisons of large numbers of coding genes will lead to novel insights into selective responses of fish populations to anthropogenic challenges, particularly fisheries-induced selection and global warming. However, both acquisition and storage of historical DNA samples can be hurdles to temporal genetic analyses, while degradation and low copy number in historical DNA samples render genetic data from such sources prone to technical artefacts. We summarize recommendations for storage of samples and DNA extraction and provide checklists for validation of genotyping results. Finally, we stress that validation procedures also involve documentation of the time and population of origin of historical samples, and the inferences drawn should account for the technical and statistical uncertainties associated with historical DNA analysis.
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  • 65
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    From climate assessment to climate services (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 2-3.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change has convinced the public that climate change is real. To tackle it, the panel needs complementary climate services that provide continuous climate information for all regions and the globe.
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  • 66
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    Top-down and bottom-up control in an eelgrass-epiphyte system (2008)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Oikos, 117 (5). pp. 754-762.
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
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  • 67
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    Persistent summer expansion of the Atlantic Warm Pool during glacial abrupt cold events (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-31
    Beschreibung: Palaeoclimate records and numerical model simulations indicate that changes in tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures and in the annual average position of the intertropical convergence zone are linked to high-latitude climate changes on millennial to glacial–interglacial timescales. It has recently been suggested that cooling in the high latitudes associated with abrupt climate-change events is evident primarily during the northern hemisphere winter, implying increased seasonality at these times8. However, it is unclear whether such a seasonal bias also exists for the low latitudes. Here we analyse the Mg/Ca ratios of surface-dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico for the past 300,000 years. We suggest that sea surface temperatures are controlled by the migration of the northern boundary of the Atlantic Warm Pool, and hence the position of the intertropical convergence zone during boreal summer, and are relatively insensitive to winter conditions. Our results suggest that summer Atlantic Warm Pool expansion is primarily affected by glacial–interglacial variability and low-latitude summer insolation. Because a clear signature of rapid climate-change events, such as the Younger Dryas cold event, is lacking in our record, we conclude that high-latitude events seem to influence only the winter Caribbean climate conditions, consistent with the hypothesis of extreme northern-hemisphere seasonality during abrupt cooling events.
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RNA polymerase II transcription in living color (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 788-790 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is fundamental to the mechanism of gene expression and a major target of biological regulatory mechanisms. It involves many separate steps, such as RNA Pol II molecules binding promoter sequences at the 5′ regions of genes, formation of initiation ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0907-788
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 795-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] To the outer membrane and beyond Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts use members of the Omp85 superfamily to assemble β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with a variety of cellular functions, including enzymes, adhesins and transporters of small molecules in or out of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0907-795
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Arabidopsis LHP1 protein colocalizes with histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 869-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Polycomb proteins are required for maintenance of silent chromatin states via histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in animals, but homologs are not found in plant genomes. Using a DamID-chip method, we found that the Arabidopsis thaliana chromodomain-containing protein LHP1 colocalizes with ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1283
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lsm proteins bind and stabilize RNAs containing 5′ poly(A) tracts (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 824-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Many orthopoxvirus messenger RNAs have an unusual nontemplated poly(A) tract of 5 to 40 residues at the 5′ end. The precise function of this feature is unknown. Here we show that 5′ poly(A) tracts are able to repress RNA decay by inhibiting 3′-to-5′ exonucleases as well as ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1287
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    F 1 -ATPase rotates by an asymmetric, sequential mechanism using all three catalytic subunits (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 841-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] F1-ATPase, the catalytic part of FoF1-ATP synthase, rotates the central γ subunit within the α3β3 cylinder in 120° steps, each step consuming a single ATP molecule. However, how the catalytic activity of each β subunit is coordinated with the other two β subunits to ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1296
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Finding the right spot to start transcription (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 686-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] In all living cells, the expression of genetic programs is governed by the dynamic transcriptome, which is established mainly by regulated transcription initiation at gene promoters. Thus, if we want to understand gene regulation, we must know the mechanism of transcription initiation. Initiation ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0807-686
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The multifunctional human p100 protein 'hooks' methylated ligands (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 779-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The human p100 protein is a vital transcription regulator that increases gene transcription by forming a physical bridge between promoter-specific activators and the basal transcription machinery. Here we demonstrate that the tudor and SN (TSN) domain of p100 interacts with U small nuclear ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1269
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Specificity and mechanism of JMJD2A, a trimethyllysine-specific histone demethylase (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 689-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] JMJD2A is a JmjC histone demethylase (HDM) that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated Lys9 and Lys36 in histone H3 (H3K9me2/3 and H3K36me2/3). Here we present the crystal structures of the JMJD2A catalytic domain in complex with H3K9me3, H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 peptides. The structures ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1273
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CFTR regulatory region interacts with NBD1 predominantly via multiple transient helices (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 738-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The regulatory (R) region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is intrinsically disordered and must be phosphorylated at multiple sites for full CFTR channel activity, with no one specific phosphorylation site required. In addition, nucleotide binding and hydrolysis at ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1278
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A SUMO ligase for ALT (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 570-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Most cancer cells escape from the normal barriers to unlimited proliferation by activating a telomere maintenance mechanism. The best known of these is telomerase, but in about 10% of cancers telomere lengths are maintained in the absence of telomerase, by one or more 'alternative ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0707-570
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Powering a two-stroke RNA engine (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 574-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The proposal that primordial life originated in an RNA world is based upon the dual capacity of RNA molecules to hold genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions. Peptide bond formation within the ribosome may be a 'living fossil' of the ancient catalytic properties of RNA. Available ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0707-574
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural basis for DNA duplex separation by a superfamily-2 helicase (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 647-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] To reveal the mechanism of processive strand separation by superfamily-2 (SF2) 3′→5′ helicases, we determined apo and DNA-bound crystal structures of archaeal Hel308, a helicase that unwinds lagging strands and is related to human DNA polymerase θ. Our structure captures the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1246
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alternative splicing regulation by interaction of phosphatase PP2C γ with nucleic acid–binding protein YB-1 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 630-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Kinases and phosphatases participate in precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing regulation, but their precise roles and the identities of their cofactors and substrates remain poorly understood. The human Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2Cγ promotes spliceosome assembly. We show that PP2Cγ's ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1257
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of Dnl4–Lif1 in nonhomologous end-joining repair complex assembly and suppression of homologous recombination (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in bacteria and eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are pairwise physical interactions among the core complexes of the NHEJ pathway, namely Yku70–Yku80 (Ku), Dnl4–Lif1 and Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2 ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1261
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    U2AF-homology motif interactions are required for alternative splicing regulation by SPF45 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 620-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The U2AF-homology motif (UHM) mediates protein-protein interactions between factors involved in constitutive RNA splicing. Here we report that the splicing factor SPF45 regulates alternative splicing of the apoptosis regulatory gene FAS (also called CD95). The SPF45 UHM is necessary for this ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1260
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of the topoisomerase VI B subunit: implications for type II topoisomerase mechanism and evolution (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 611-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Type II topoisomerases help disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division. To advance understanding of the structure and dynamics of these essential enzymes, we have determined the crystal structure of an archaeal type IIB topoisomerase, topo VI, at 4.0-Å resolution. The 220-kDa ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1264
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protein structure space is much more than the sum of its folds (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 458-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] To the Editor: A recent editorial in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology echoes questions being raised in the structural biology community and elsewhere as to whether the expense of The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) is justified, given the current budget crunch at the US National ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0607-458
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    It takes more than two to tango: Dishevelled polymerization and Wnt signaling (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 463-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] A handful of signaling pathways are extraordinarily important in cell-fate choices in embryogenesis and adult homeostasis, and inappropriate activation of each pathway contributes to cancer. For example, Wnt signaling regulates cell-fate choices from early axis formation to stem-cell maintenance in ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0607-463
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical and functional coupling of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Dicer in the biogenesis of endogenous siRNAs (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 604-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Many classes of small RNA (sRNA) involved in RNA silencing are generated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processing. Although principles of sRNA biogenesis have emerged, newly identified classes of sRNAs have features that suggest additional biogenesis mechanisms. Tetrahymena thermophila expresses ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1262
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protein Structure Initiative: getting into gear (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 459-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI; http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Initiatives/PSI), supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), is now in the second year of its second five-year phase (PSI-2). The PSI represents about 3% of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0607-459
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Swi3p controls SWI/SNF assembly and ATP-dependent H2A-H2B displacement (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 540-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Yeast SWI/SNF is a multisubunit, 1.14-MDa ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme required for transcription of a subset of inducible genes. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that SWI/SNF uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate superhelical torsion, mobilize mononucleosomes, enhance ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1238
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism for expanding the decoding capacity of transfer RNAs by modification of uridines (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 498-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] One of the most prevalent base modifications involved in decoding is uridine 5-oxyacetic acid at the wobble position of tRNA. It has been known for several decades that this modification enables a single tRNA to decode all four codons in a degenerate codon box. We have determined structures of an ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1242
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    When it comes to couple(r)s, do opposites attract? (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 790-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The budding yeast Dam1 complex, comprised of ten subunits, localizes to centromeres and is centrally important for chromosome–spindle microtubule interactions. Inhibition of this complex leads to extensive chromosome mis-segregation and cell lethality because replicated chromosomes cannot ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0907-790
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vivo dynamics of RNA polymerase II transcription (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 796-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] We imaged transcription in living cells using a locus-specific reporter system, which allowed precise, single-cell kinetic measurements of promoter binding, initiation and elongation. Photobleaching of fluorescent RNA polymerase II revealed several kinetically distinct populations of the enzyme ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1280
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The refined structure of nascent HDL reveals a key functional domain for particle maturation and dysfunction (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 861-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is largely attributed to its ability to facilitate transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. However, HDL may become dysfunctional through oxidative modification, impairing cellular cholesterol efflux. Here we ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1284
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An iron-sulfur domain of the eukaryotic primase is essential for RNA primer synthesis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 875-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Primases synthesize the RNA primers that are necessary for replication of the parental DNA strands. Here we report that the heterodimeric archaeal/eukaryotic primase is an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein. Binding of the Fe-S cluster is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved domain at the C terminus of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1288
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Name that gene! (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 681-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Certain biologists (along with club-hoppers, flip-floppers and sabermetricians) felt the glow of literary respectability earlier this year: the words apoptosis, protein kinase and primosome passed the scrutiny of the usage police (along with club-hopper, etc.) and entered that hallowed tome, the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0807-681
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Research Highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 688-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] PI3K polar patch Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate many cellular processes and are linked to several cancers. The PI3K catalytic subunit, p110α, dimerizes with the p85 regulatory subunit, resulting in enzyme inhibition. Some oncogenic hot spots in p110α map to the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0807-688
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rad54 dissociates homologous recombination intermediates by branch migration (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 746-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) cause cell death and genome instability. Homologous recombination is a major DSB repair pathway that operates by forming joint molecules with homologous DNA sequences, which are used as templates to achieve accurate repair. In eukaryotes, Rad51 protein (RecA homolog) ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1268
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The positions of TFIIF and TFIIE in the RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 696-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] We incorporated the non-natural photoreactive amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa) into the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) surface surrounding the central cleft formed by the Rpb1 and Rpb2 subunits. Photo-cross-linking of preinitiation complexes (PICs) with these Pol II derivatives and ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1272
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CCDC98 targets BRCA1 to DNA damage sites (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 716-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Breast cancer-1 (BRCA1) participates in the DNA damage response. However, the mechanism by which BRCA1 is recruited to DNA damage sites remains elusive. Recently, we have demonstrated that a ubiquitin-binding protein, RAP80, is required for DNA damage–induced BRCA1 translocation. Here we ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1279
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Not miR-ly a splicing factor: hnRNP A1 succumbs to microRNA temptation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 572-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] In the era of 'global biology', more and more unexpected interactions between macromolecular machines are being revealed. Guil and Caceres now add a new example to the ever-growing list. In their study on page 591 of this issue, hnRNP A1 is reported to take leave from its splicing duties to assume ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0707-572
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 580-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Aurora B gone The Aurora B kinase is found at centromeres during mitosis. Among other functions, it phosphorylates histones H3 and CENP-A, thus playing a crucial part in cell division. Peter and colleagues now provide a model for the eviction of Aurora B from chromosomes after mitosis. This model ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0707-580
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
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