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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The larva of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata) (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 18 (1973), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhabdopleura compacta (Hineks) has a motile larva. It is evenly ciliated, and swims by rotating about its long axis. The larva is lecithotrophic, and contains a considerable amount of yolk within the blastocoel. The blastocoel is lined with a layer of flattened cells early in development, before gastrulation has begun. The endoderm is formed by invagination. Initially, the endoderm cells are tall, columnar, and contain much yolk. Nerve fibres can be seen amongst the ectoderm cells very early in development. The ectoderm cells are separated from the inner layers and yolk by a basement lamella. There is yolk within the cells as well as in the blastocoel. Some of the yolk within the blastocoelic cavity is contained within cells and some of it is extracellular. The larvae settle during gastrulation, attaching themselves to the substratum. They tend to settle in the highest parts of upturned, empty, lamellibranch shells. Soon afterwards the body regions of the adult become recognisable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347923
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taonius megalops , a Squid that Rolls Up into a Ball (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 237 (1972), S. 403-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Severe stimuli produce inking; the squid ejects ink into the water, and darts away from the ink cloud. Further chasing of the squid or attempts to lift it from the water produce a balling response in which the animal rolls itself into a sphere, retracting the tail and head into the mantle. This ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/237403a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine Structure of a Vesiculated Reticulum in the Light Organ of the Glow-Worm, Lampyris noctiluca (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 205 (1965), S. 1183-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENTLY a histochemical and electron microscopical study of the light organ of the glow-worm (Lampyris noctiluca) was undertaken1,2. A vesiculated reticulum, not previously described, was found to be present in the cells of the photocyte layer. Previous electron microscopical studies of the light ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2051183a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the light organ of the glowworm Lampyris noctiluca (1966)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 73 (1966), S. 286-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The four main parts of the glowworm light organ are the cuticle, the hypodermis, the photocyte layer and the reflector cell layer. The hypodermis is one cell thick and it contains hypodermic glands. These glandular cells have a lumen that opens to the outside of the cuticle. Projecting into the lumen are numerous microvilli. Between the hypodermis and photocytes are typical insect tunicated nerve fibres. They pass down between the photocyte and reflector layer cells. They do not appear to innervate the photocytes and they are thought to innervate adjacent muscle fibres or to be sensory. Tracheoles are commonly present between the photocytes but no tracheolar end organs are found. The photocytes contain amorphous granules, mitochondria, photocyte granules and a vesiculated reticulum. All, except the mitochondria, are absent from the reflector layer and so probably have some connection with light production. The reflector layer contains glycogen granules, clear spaces thought to be the sites of urate crystals, and membranous granules. The latter granules are sometimes found in photocytes adjacent to the reflector layer whilst amorphous granules are sometimes absent from these adjacent cells. So a cell layer with some features of the photocyte and reflector layer cells is present. These morphological findings are discussed with regard to the unknown function of the reflector layer and the control of light emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334869
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of the fine structure of the statocysts of the molluscsPecten andPterotrachea (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 94 (1969), S. 462-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The statocyst ofPecten is composed of hair cells and supporting cells. The hair cells bear kinocilia and microvilli at their distal ends and the supporting cells bear microvilli. The cilia have a 9+2 internal filament content, and arise from basal bodies that have roots, basal feet and microtubular connections. Two different ciliary arrangements are described, one with a small number of cilia arranged in a ring, and another with many more cilia arranged in rows. Below the hair cells are probable synapses. A ciliated duct connects to the lumen of the static sac and passes through the centre of the static nerve. The hair cells in the statocyst ofPterotrachea bear kinocilia and microvilli. The possible importance of cilia and microvilli in the transduction process is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936053
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the test of the tadpole larva ofCiona intestinalis (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 95 (1969), S. 331-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The test of the tadpole larva ofCiona intestinalis consists of an amorphous background substance in which are long 4–7 nm fibrils. There is a narrow outer dense region of the test where both the background material and the test fibrils are more concentrated and orientated. Fibrils of similar dimensions are found in the epithelial cells below the test, and also in cells associated with the outside surface of the test. No such fibrils are found in the cells located within the test substance. There are some regions where the external cell membrane of the epithelial cells is indistinct and in these regions the fibrils of the test are continuous with the fibrils within the epithelial cells. No large or small vesicles opening from the epithelial cells into the test have been seen. This evidence has been interpreted as support for the tunicization theory of test formation. It is suggested that the cells within the test are the source of the polyphenols that are necessary for quinone tanning that gives rigidity to the test. The fibril-containing cells outside the test probably add fibres to the cuticular region of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nerve fibres in the basement membrane and related structures in Saccoglossus horsti (Enteropneusta) (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 97 (1969), S. 69-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the basement membrane of Saccoglossus horsti has been examined with the electron microscope. The membrane consists of two lamellae each of two layers. An outer amorphous layer 150 nm across and an inner fibrillar layer 1–3 μm across. The fibrils of the fibrillar layer are two sizes, the majority are 5–9 nm in diameter and at least 2 μm long. The thicker 30 nm fibrils occur in small patches and have striations with a 30 nm period. Within the lamellae of the basement membrane are blood spaces. The only regularly found structures in these spaces are blood particles some 12–16 nm in diameter. Nerve fibres of varying diameters traverse all the layers of basement membrane. These fibres run longitudinally and obliquely through the basement membrane, and emerge amongst the muscle cells inserted into the coelomic side of the membrane. No “motor end plates” have been seen. Preliminary observations suggest that many of the nerve fibres have no sheath other than the cell membrane of the fibre itself. The muscle cells are attached to the basement membrane by structures that resemble hemidesmosomes. The blood vessels of Saccoglossus have a basement membrane on the lumenal side of the endothelial cell cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331872
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of a photoreceptor organelle in the eye of Pterotrachea mutica (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 99 (1969), S. 420-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The photoreceptor cell of Pterotrachea consists of an elongated cell some 100 μm long with recogniseable inner and outer segments. The photoreceptor membranes point towards the light. There are about 300 discs per photoreceptor, a small number of discs arising from a single ciliary base. There are bout 75–100 such bases on each receptor cell. The receptor cells themselves (the inner segments) have four recognisable regions. The vacuolated region, the region of mitochondria, the nuclear region, and the axonal region. The photoreceptor cells are organised in five roughly parallel rows, and separated from one another by pale supporting cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337611
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the receptors in Ciona intestinalis (1969)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 96 (1969), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A photoreceptor type structure not previously described has been found in the dorsal wall of the cerebral vesicle of the tadpole larva of Ciona intestinalis. The membranes of this receptor are organised as tubules some 60–100 nm in diameter and up to 1.5 μm long. The tubules are confined in bundles about 1.5 μm in diameter, which extend from the cell surface into the cavity of the cerebral vesicle. These tubules are similar to those in the rhabdomeric type of photoreceptor. However, in the cells from which the tubule processes arise are structures typical of the bases of cilia, and found in ciliary type photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321477
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synapses in the cerebral ganglion of adult Ciona intestinalis (1968)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 93 (1968), S. 142-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of the synaptic morphology of synapses in the cerebral ganglion of the adult ascidian (sea squirt) Ciona intestinalis reveals that the synapses are restricted to the central neuropil of the ganglion. Many of the synapses show a polarity of structure such that pre and post synaptic parts can be identified. The vesicles in the presynaptic bag are of two main diameters 80 and 30 nm respectively. The large vesicles have electron dense contents that vary both in their capacity and dimensions. The pre and postsynaptic membranes are more electron dense than the surrounding membranes, but they are only slightly thicker. Both the pre and post synaptic membranes have electron dense “dots” some 10 nm in diameter associated with their cytoplasmic surfaces. Sometimes the presynaptic membrane has larger peg-like projections between the vesicles. Associated with the post synaptic membrane are tubules some 10 nm in diameter. These tubules may be the “dots” cut obliquely. The synaptic cleft material is more electron dense than the surrounding intercellular material, and in it there is a dense line made up of granules about 3–5 nm in diameter. This dense line is usually mid way between the pre and post synaptic membranes, but may be nearer the postsynaptic membrane. No tight junctions between adjacent nerve process profiles have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325029
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